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UCWANINGO NGEMITHELELA YEZILIMI EZIMBILI:ISISWAZI NESINDEBELE EZINGANENI EZIFUNDAISIZULU ESIFUNDAZWENI SASEMPUMALANGAEMMANUEL THEMBA NGWENYA2010

UCWANINGO NGEMITHELELA YEZILIMI EZIMBILI:ISISWAZI NESINDEBELE EZINGANENI EZIFUNDAISIZULU ESIFUNDAZWENI SASEMPUMALANGANGU-EMMANUEL THEMBA NGWENYALWETHULWA UKUFEZA IZIDINGO ZEZIQUZE-MASTER OF ARTSEMNYANGWENI WESIZULU NAMAGUGUKWANGQONDONKULU WAKWAZULUUMALULEKI: USOLWAZI Z.L.M. KHUMALOUSUKU : 30 KULWEZI 2010INDAWO : KWADLANGEZWA

ISIFUNGOMina, Emmanuel Themba Ngwenya, ngiyafunga ngiyaqinisa ukuthi lo msebenziwocwaningo osihloko sithi: “Ucwaningo Ngemithelela Yezilimi Ezimbili: IsiSwaziNesiNdebele Ezinganeni Ezifunda IsiZulu ESifundazweni SaseMpumalanga”ungumsebenzi wami ngempela.Imithombo yolwazi esetshenzisiwe iveziwe ukuthi itholakala kuphi._________________________E. T. NgwenyaUsuku: _______________i

UMNIKELOLo msebenzi wocwaningo ngiwunikela kubazali bami, ubaba uMabukazonke SamsonNgwenya, umama uJane Sikholwaphi Ngwenya, uMaMbhatha kanye nakuNkosikaziwami uZodwa Ngwenya, uMaMotha nezingane zethu uHlengiwe, uZimele, uLondiwekanye noZanesu.Ngithi kininaBaMveli, MveliKaDlamane.Nina baSiphundulu,Nina baGoqoza,Nina baMpinda,Nina baMadlovu,Madlovu kaFisha.Mfisha kaSigonyela.Sigonyela kaHlokombi!Ngiwunikela kini lo msebenzi. Ungumsebenzi wezandla zenu.ii

UKUBONGANgiswele imilomo eyizinkulungwane yokubonga kulaba abalandelayo, konkeukuzihlupha kwabo ukuze kuphumelele mina.Ngibonga nomndeni wami oye wangadinwa yimi wangabela isikhathi, esikhathini sawoesiyigugu ukuba ngiyiphethe le mbenge.Ngingakhohlwa kanjani uMaluleki wami uSolwazi L.Z.M. Khumalo ngomoya wakheomnandi, wangamukela ngezandla zakhe ezifudumele ngingelutho ngazizwa ngiwutho,Mntungwa kaMbulaziUkwanda kwaliwa ngumthakathi.Ngingakhohlwa ukubonga kubo bonke abangiboleke indlebe babuye baphonsaesivivaneni. Ningadinwa nangomuso.Ngingalibali nokubonga kuMakhosini umfo kaHadebe othe naye akundlulwa ngendluyakhiwa, ngithi ukhule udle izinyoni zabazukulu.Ngingamlibala kanjani unina wezingane zami uZodwa intombi KaMotha oyewangihlelela igumbi lokusebenzela, wangilethela intokomalo nobulula kukho konkeubulukhuni ebengibhekene nabo. Ngithi ukhule wena KaDlebenkomo.iii

IQOQAUkufundiswa kwesiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga kubonakalakuhlangabezana nezingqinamba ngenxa yomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Lezi zilimi okuyisiSwazi nesiNdebele zidala izingqinamba endleleni amagama esiZuluaphinyiswa, abhalwa kanye nafundwa ngayo. Lokhu kudala umonakalo oliminilwesiZulu. Izingane ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zizitholazibhekene nenkinga yokungaqondisisi into eziyifundayo, eziyikhulumayo kanye naleyoeziyibhalayo.Indlela othisha abaqeqeshwa ngayo kanye nabafundisa ngayo inomthelela endleleniabafundi abafunda ngayo ulimi lwesiZulu. Okunye okuyimbangela yokulimala kolimilwesiZulu ukuganiselana, ukufuduka, imingcele ehlukanisa imiphakathi, imisakazoelalelwa imiphakathi, izinkulumo zaMakhosi kanye nabaholi.Abazali banegalelo ekubhebhezeleni umthelela odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebeleezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Abazaliabazikhuthazi futhi abaziseki ngokwanele izingane zabo ezifunda isiZulu njengoba benzakwezinye izifundo. Lokhu kudala ukuthi ulimi lwesiZulu lungavikeleki emthelelweniedalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zibhekananezingqinamba ngenxa yomphakathi eziphila phakathi kwawo. Umphakathi eziphilaphakathi kwawo ukhuluma ulimi olungaba isiSwazi noma isiNdebele. Ulimi lwesiZululusebenza njengolimi lwasesikoleni, emphakathini kuvame isiSwazi nesiNdebele.Imitapo yolwazi etholakala emphakathini waseSifundazweni saseMpumalangaunezincwadi ezimbalwa ezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiZulu. Izincwadi eziningi ezitholakalayoezolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Ukwanda kwemijondolo emphakathini kuholelaiv

enkingeni yokuphuka kolimi ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu abaqhamuka ezingxenyeniezahlukene zezwe.Bambalwa othisha abafunde bagogoda ulimi lwesiZulu abangumnsinsi wokuzimilelaeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Iningi lo thisha livela eSifundazweni sakwaZulu-Natal, liyaye liphindele emuva uma ithuba livela. Izikhungo lapho kuqeqeshwa othishaabafundisa isiZulu azikho eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Kuncane ukusekwa okutholwa othisha besiZulu kuBaphathi bezikole. Izimali ezitholwauMnyango wesiZulu zincane uma ziqhathaniswa neminye iminyango ezikoleni. OthishabesiZulu bafundisa amakilasi anezingane eziningi. Lokhu kudala ukuthi babhekanenomsebenzi onzima, bangakwazi ukwelekelela abafundi ngendlela efanele.Izinga okuphumelela ngalo abafundi besiZulu liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nalelookuphumelela ngalo abafundi abafunda ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Abafundi abazinikeli ngokusemandleni abo ukuze bahlangabezanenemizamo yawothisha.Abafundi kumele baziqhenye ngolimi lwesiZulu, lokho kuyodala ukuba ezinye izilimizingabi nomthelela ongemuhle ekufundeni kwabo.v

OKUQUKETHWEIkhasiISAHLUKO SOKUQALA1.0 ISETHULO SOCWANINGO 11.1 Isingeniso 11.2 Izinhloso Zocwaningo 21.3 Inkuthazo 31.4 Umklamo Wocwaningo 61.5 Izindlela Zokuqhuba Ucwaningo 61.6 Imibono Yongoti 81.7 Abazohlomula Ngalolu Cwaningo 121.8 Uhla Lwezahluko 131.9 Isiphetho 13ISAHLUKO SESIBILI2.0 UKUDALEKA KOMONAKALO OLIMINI LWESIZULUEZIKOLENI 152.1 Isingeniso 152.2 Impimiso 162.2.1 Iyini Impimiso? 162.2.2 Ingane Ifunda Impimiso Emphakathini 172.2.3 Impimiso Yamagama EsiSwazi NesiNdebele Idala Umonakalo EsiZulwiniEzikoleni 202.2.4 Ukubaluleka Kwempimiso Efanele Yamagama 252.2.5 Impimiso Iyisisekelo 28vi

2.3 Ukufunda 312.3.1 Umonakalo Odaleka Ekufundeni 312.3.2 Ukungabizwa Kwamagama Ngendlela 322.3.3 Ulwazi Lwangaphambili 342.3.4 Ukufundela Abalaleli 362.3.5 Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa 382.4 Ukubhala 402.4.1 Ukubaluleka Kokubhala 402.4.2 Ukupelwa Kwamagama 422.4.3 Imiphumela Emibi 442.4.4 Umsebenzi Owengeziwe Kothisha 452.4.5 Izingxenye Zolimi Ezivame Ukuba Indida Kubafundi 452.4.5.1 Kongwaqabathwa 462.4.5.2 Iziphawulo 472.4.5.3 Imifakela Yamagama Engadingekile 482.4.5.4 Iselulo Esiyisijobelelo u-yo 492.4.5.5 Ukubhalwa Kwesandiso Sendawo 502.4.5.6 Isabizwana Sokukhomba 512.4.5.7 Umankankane u-n 522.5 Ukufundiswa Kolimi LwesiZulu Ezikoleni ZaseSifundazweniSaseMpumalanga 542.5.1 Ukunganakwa Kwezinhloso Zokufundisa IsiZulu 542.5.2 Indlela Yokutshela Lapho Kufundiswa 552.5.3 Indlela Yombuzo Nempendulo 552.5.4 Indlela Yokuxoxa 562.5.5 Indlela Esamdlalo 57vii

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU3.0 IZIMBANGELA ZOKULIMALA KOLIMI LWESIZULU 593.1 Isingeniso 593.2 Ukuhlala Kwabantu Nokuhleleka Kwempilo Yabo 603.2.1 Ukuganiselana 603.2.2 Ukufuduka 643.2.3 Imingcele Ehlukanisa Imiphakathi 673.2.4 Imisakazo Elalelwa Umphakathi 693.2.5 Izinkulumo ZaMakhosi Nabaholi 733.3 Igalelo Labazali 753.3.1 Ukunganaki Kwabazali 753.3.2 Inkuthazo Kanye Nokuseka Kwabazali 763.3.3 Umonakalo Owadaleka Kubazali 773.3.4 Imvelaphi Yabazali 783.3.5 Amasiko Nemigubho Emakhaya 793.4 Imisebenzi Eyenziwa Isizwe 813.4.1 Ukunganakwa Kwezilimi ZaboMdabu 813.4.2 Ukunakwa Kakhulu Kwezifundo Zobuchwepheshe 843.4.3 Ukungabandakanywa KwesiZulu KwezeSayensi NeThekhnolojiNakweZomnotho 863.4.4 Masibonakale IsiZulu Nasemikhiqizweni 883.4.5 Izexwayiso, Izikhangiso Nezaziso 893.5 Umphakathi 903.5.1 Umphakathi Nezinkolelo Zawo 903.5.2 Izindawo Namagugu KaZulu 923.5.3 Imitapo Yolwazi 943.5.4 Ukwanda Kwemijondolo 953.5.5 Igebe Phakathi Kwentsha Nabadala 983.6 Isiphetho 100viii

ISAHLUKO SESINE4.0 IZINSELELO EKUFUNDISWENI KOLIMI LWESIZULUNOMTHELELA WAZO 1024.1 Isingeniso 1024.2 Izinselelo Ezibhekene Nothisha 1024.2.1 Ukuqeqeshwa Kothisha 1024.2.2 Izikhungo Zokuqeqesha Othisha 1074.2.3 Amathuba Ekufundiseni Nasekufundeni IsiZulu 1104.2.4 Othisha Bantula Ukusekwa 1124.2.5 Ubukhulu Bamakilasi 1144.3 Ukwehla Kwezinga 1174.3.1 Ukwehla Kwezinga Lemiphumela 1174.3.2 Ukwehla Kwezinga Lokufunda 1184.3.3 Ukwehla Kwezinga Lokukhulunywa KwesiZulu Ngendlela Efanele 1204.3.4 Ukwehla Kwezinga Lokuzazi 1234.3.5 Ukwehla Kwezinga Lokuzinikela Kwabafundi Emsebenzini WaboWesikole 1244.4 Indlela Esekufundiswa Ngayo IsiZulu 1264.4.1 Abahloli Bagcizelela Ekubhalweni Komsebenzi 1264.4.2 Ukunaka Kakhulu Isifundo Kunengane 1274.4.3 Izingqinamba Eziyinsakavukela 1284.4.4 Isikhathi Sokuxoxa Asenele 1304.4.5 Abafundi Abakhululekile 1314.5 Isiphetho 132ix

ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU5.0 ISIHLAZIYO, IZINCOMO NESIPHETHO 1335.1 Isihlaziyo Socwaningo 1335.2 Izincomo 1415.3 Isiphetho 144IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI 146x

ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA1.0 ISETHULO SOCWANINGO1.1 IsingenisoUkufundwa kwesiZulu ngendlela efanele kuyaphazamiseka ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Abafundi abasikhulumi isiZulu ngendlelaefanele, abasifundi ngendlela efanele futhi abasibhali kahle. Ukukhuluma,ukufunda kanye nokubhala kuhlangabezana nezinqginamba ngenxa yomthelelawolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Indlela isiZulu esikhulunywa ngayo eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga inomthelelaemiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwezingane ezikoleni. Izingane zigcina zingasakwaziukufunda nokubhala isiZulu ngendlela efanele. Izingane ziyaye zizwakaleziphimisa amagama esiZulu ngendlela amagama esiSwazi nesiNdebeleaphinyiswa ngayo.Ukungakhulunywa kahle kwesiZulu kudala inkinga yokuthi amanye amagamaesiZulu ashabalale, kuthi esikhundleni sawo kungene amagama esiSwazinawesiNdebele. Lokho kuyazilimaza kuzidide izingane ezifunda isiZulu.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu eMpumalanga zigcina sezibonakala zilahlekelwaukuzethemba futhi sezizenyeza. Lezi zingane zizibona zisezingeni eliphansilapho ziziqhathanisa nezingane zakwezinye izingxenye zezwe ikakhulukazi lezozaseSifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal. Zigcina zinomuzwa wokwamukela lezizingane ukuthi izinga lazo ngolwazi lwesiZulu liphansi. Iningi lalezi zinganeazisazi isiSwazi nesiNdebele ngokuphelele.Ulimi olukhulunywayo oluyingxubevange yesiZulu, isiSwazi nesiNdebelealuyisizi intsha ukuthi iqhube izifundo zayo ngempumelelo.1

Abazali nothisha kumele kubekhona abakwenzayo ukuze ulimi lwesiZuluolufundwa izingane zabo lubuyele endleleni efanele. Kubonakala ukuthiukunakwa nokulondolozwa kolimi kungakhuphula izinga lemiphumela ezikoleni,ikusasa labafundi liqhakaze.1.2 Izinhloso zocwaningoLolu cwaningo luhlose ukukhanyisela umphakathi ngengozi edalwa umthelelawezilimi isiSwazi nesiNdebele ekufundeni kwezingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikolenizaseMpumalanga.Luhlose ukuba bonke abathintene nemfundo basukume, bahlunge, balungiselokho okukhinyabeza abafundi baseMpumalanga ekufundeni kwabo isiZulu.Ngalolu cwaningo kuhloswe ukuba abafundi balufunde ulimi lwesiZulungokuluthanda nangokuluhlonipha.Kuhloswe ngalolu cwaningo ukuthi abafundi balukhulume ulimi lwesiZulungendlela efanele enobuciko nesizotha. Bakhulume ulimi lwesiZulu ngaphandlekokuzenyeza kodwa bazethembe ngolimi lwabo. Bakwazi ukulwehlukanisaphakathi kwezinye izilimi.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuthi abafundi abafunda isiZulu bakwazi ukusifundakahle, baphimise amagama ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngenxayemithelela evela kwezinye izilimi. Kuhloswe ukuthi bakuqondisiseabakufundayo bazuze ngakho. Ukufunda into ngokuqondisisa indlela eyaempumelelweni kwezemfundo enye yezinhloso zalolu cwaningo.Kuhloswe ukuthi abafundi basibhale kahle isiZulu ngendlela okuyiyonayona.Bakwazi ukupela amagama ngendlela futhi bawabhale ngesiZulu soqobo.Kuhloswe ukuthi abafundi basibhale isiZulu bangasishebi nezinye izilimi,2

akwazi ukwehlukanisa imibhalo yesiZulu kanye naleyo okungeyona eyesiZulusangempela.Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuthi imiphumela yabafundi abafunda isiZulu ibe mihle.Abafundi baphumelele ngamalengiso olimini lwesiZulu. Kubonakale ukuthiisiZulu siwulimi lwebele. Ukuphumelela kwabo ngamalengiso olimini lwesiZulukubanika umdlandla wokuthi baphumelele nakwezinye izifundo.Ngalolu cwaningo kuhloswe ukuthi izingane ezifunda ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga zingazenyezi lapho ziziqhathanisa nezingane ezifunda isiZulukwezinye izifundazwe.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlomisa othisha nokubaqaphelisa mayelananenselelo ababhekane nayo ekufundisweni kwesiZulu ezikoleni zaseMpumalanga.Lolu cwaningo luzobasiza othisha ngokuthi bazi ngalokho okulindeleke kubo.Kuhloswe ngalolu cwaningo ukuthi izingane ezifunda isiZulu zisithande futhizikwazi ukubona amathuba ekufundeni kwabo isiZulu. Zibe nentshisekeloekufundeni isiZulu ezingeni eliphezulu. Kwande inani labasakazi, abahumushi,abafundisi kanye nababhali ababhala ngesiZulu.Luhlose lolu cwaningo ukuthi yande imibhalo yesiZulu esezingeni eliphezulu.1.3 InkuthazoLolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe intshisekelo yokufuna ukubona ulimi lwesiZululufundwa futhi lukhulunywa ngendlela eseqophelweni eliphezulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.3

Isifiso sokubona isiZulu sihlonishwa futhi samukeleka ngaphandlekokwenganywa ngumthelela wezinye izilimi ezikhulunywayo silethe inkuthazokulolu cwaningo.Lolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe ukubona indlela iningi labafundi ababhala ngayoisiZulu ezikoleni zaseMpumalanga. Indlela isiZulu esibhalwa ngayonesikhulunywa ngayo inamaphutha. Lawa maphutha adalwa umthelela wezinyeizilimi ezikhulunywayo eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga okuyisiSwazinesiNdebele.Lolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe ukubona izinga lokuphumelela ezinganeni ezenzaisiZulu ezikoleni zaseMpumalanga. Zimbalwa izingane eziphumelelangamalengiso esiZulwini. Kwezinye izilimi njengasesiNgisini nasesiBhunwiniizingane ezizincelile lezo zilimi ziphumelela ngamalengiso.Kubonakale kunesidingo salolu cwaningo uma kubhekwa indlela abafundiabafunda ngayo isiZulu. Bayaye bazwakale baphimisa amagama ngendlelaengafanele. Lokhu kuyaye kubakhubaze abafundi nohlelo lonke lokufunda:Sekubonakele ukuthi abantwana abaningiabangaphumeleli ezifundweni zabo ezikoleninalabo abashiya phakathi isikole kusukekubangelwa ukungakwazi kahle ukufunda.(Mlangeni, 2009).Ukuhluleka ukufunda kahle isiZulu kungamlahlisa ithemba umfundi ahlulekenakwezinye izifundo.Lolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe ukubona isidingo sokuba kulungiswe amaphuthaadaleka olimini lwesiZulu. Iningi lalawa maphutha adaleka ngenxa yomthelelawesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Lawa maphutha avamile ezikoleni zaseMpumalanga.Kuye kwakhuthaza ukubona ukuthi ngokulungiswa kwalawo maphuthaimiphumela yabafundi baseMpumalanga ingathuthuka ibe mihle.4

Lolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe ukuzwa iziphakamiso ezivela emphakathininakuhulumeni ukuba kuthuthukiswe izilimi zabaNsundu. Ukuthuthukiswakwezilimi zabaNsundu kudinga ukuthi lezi zilimi zihleleke kahle. Kukhishweyonke imithelela engafanele edunga ulimi. Kunesidingo sokuba ucwaningoolufana nalolu luveze lapho ulimi lukhinyabezeka khona ukuze kulungiswe,luthuthuke ulimi luye phambili.Lolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe ukubona amathuba amahle okuthi izingane zenzeizinto ngendlela ephusile ngoba zikhuluma ngendlela ephusile. Umuntuokhuluma ngendlela engaphusile akathenjwa futhi akahlonishwa umphakathi.Abahlola amakhono bayaye balalele indlela umuntu akhuluma ngayo bese bebanethemba ukuthi izenzo zakhe azizukubhimba:What I can think about, I can talk about. What Ican say I can write. What I can write I can read.I can read what others write for me to read.(Garner, 1979:88).Lolu cwaningo lukhuthazwe ukubona indlela izilimi zesiSwazi nesiNdebeleezithuthukiswa ngayo eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalezizilimi kunomthelela okuwenzayo ekufundisweni kwesiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Kulukhuthazile ucwaningo ukubona kunendlela yezifundiswa ezifunde zagogodaolimini lwesiZulu. Lolu cwaningo lunenjongo yokucubungula ngezihibeezinganqanda ukwanda kwezifundiswa ezifunde isiZulu zagogoda eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.Lolu cwaningo luye lwakhuthazwa ukwethulwa kwendlela entsha yokufundaeyaziwa ngokuthi i-Statimende Sohlelo Lwezifundo LukaZwelonke i-NationalCurriculum Statement (NCS). Le ndlela yokufunda igcizelela ukuthi ulimi5

malufundwe ngokulalela nokukhuluma, ukufunda nokubukela, ukubhalanokwethula kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi ngohlelo oluthile.1.4 Umklamo wocwaningoLolu cwaningo luzogxila kakhulu emthelelweni edalwa ulimi lwesiSwazinesiNdebele ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu ezinganeni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Luzocwaninga ngezimbangela ezidala ukuthi ulimi lwesiZululungakhulunywa, lungafundwa futhi lungabhalwa ngendlela efaneleyo.Lolu cwaningo luzobheka indlela isiZulu esikhulunywa ngayo emakhaya phakathikwabazali nezingane zabo. Luzobheka indlela amagama aphinyiswa ngayo,indlela afundwa ngayo, indlela abhalwa ngayo kanye nendlela okufundiswa ngayoulimi lwesiZulu.Lolu cwaningo luzobheka igalelo elidalwa ukuganiselana phakathikwabakhuluma izilimi ezihlukene, ukufuduka kwabantu, uhulumeni, isizinda,isithunzi sezilimi zaboMdabu, imingcele, imisakazo kanye nemibhalo.Lolu cwaningo luzobheka izinselelo ekufundisweni kolimi lwesiZulu, lubuyelubheke indlela abafundi abaphumelela ngayo esifundweni sesiZulu ezikolenizaseMpumalanga.Luzoqhutshwa lolu cwaningo eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga lapho kunezikoleezinabafundi abafunda isiZulu.1.5 Izindlela zokuqhuba ucwaningoKuzofundwa izincwadi ezahlukahlukene eziphathelene nokukhulunywa,nokufundwa kanye nokubhalwa kolimi. Kufundwe ukuthi ingane ilufundakanjani ulimi ukuze ikwazi ukulukhuluma nokulubhala ngendlela efanele.6

Kuzobhekwa umsebenzi wezingane eziwenzayo esikoleni lapho kufundwaisiZulu. Kuzocutshungulwa lokho ezikwenzayo okuphathelene nemiphumelayokufunda okuwukulalela nokukhuluma, ukufunda nokubukela, ukubhalanokwethula kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi.Kuzoxoxiswana nothisha abafundisa isiZulu, kuzwakale ukuthi bona yikuphiabakuqaphelisisayo ekufundiseni isiZulu ezikoleni. Kuzwakale ukuthi iziphiizinkinga abahlangabezana nazo futhi benzenjani ukuzixazulula?Kuzoxoxiswana nalabo abaqokelwe ukweluleka nokuhlola ukufundiswakwesiZulu (Curriculum Implementers), kuzwakale umbono wabo.Kuzohanjelwa abazali abanezingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Kuzwakale umbono nomuzwa abanawo mayelana nezinganezabo ezifunda isiZulu.Kuzolalelwa umsakazo osakaza ngesiSwazi i-Ligwalagwala F.M. kanye ne-Kwekwezi F.M. esakaza ngesiNdebele. Kuzolalelwa kucutshungulwe ukuthilemisakazo inamthelela muni ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Kuzohanjelwa izindawo lapho abantu abaningi befudukela khona eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ngenxa yemisebenzi. Kubhekwe umthelela wolimi lwesiSwazinesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu.Kuzoxoxiswana nalabo abangamele ukuhlolwa kwabafundi eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga kucutshungulwe imiphumela yabafundi. Kubonakale ukuthilinjani izinga lokuphumelela kwabafundi esifundweni sesiZulu.7

Kuzoxoxiswana nezingane, kuzwakale kuzo ukuthi ziyayibona yini inkingaezibhekene nayo edalwa umthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele ekufundeni kwazoisiZulu?1.6 Imibono YongotiOngoti bayakholelwa ukuthi ulimi lingumgogodla wesizwe ngakho-kekubalulekile ukuthi luphathwe ngobuciko. Izinto eziningi zingema zihlulekeukusebenza emhlabeni wonke uma ngabe ulimi lungekho.UMwamwenda, (1990:13) uthi:It is difficult to imagine what our world wouldbe without language as a tool of communication.Ongoti banombono wokuthi ulimi kumele luphathwe kahle nangobunonookwezikhali zaMaNtungwa. Luphathwe ngesizotha luhlonishwe futhi luthandwekakhulu, abaninilo babe negqabho ngolimi lwabo:Lapho uhlonipha ulimi usuke ungahloniphi ulimiuqobo lwalo kodwa usuke uhlonipha abaninibalo.(Mkhize, 2009).Kumele abanikazi bolimi baluphakamise ulimi lwabo baluphakamise nasemiziniyabo phakathi kwezingane zabo. Ngokuphakamisa ulimi lwabo isithunzi sabonjengabantu siyophakama. Ngokulwehlisa balubukele phansi ulimi lwabo,isithunzi sabo njengesizwe siyokwehla babukeleke phansi. Akumele baluxovengoba nabo bayoxoveka, bagcine bengasazazi ukuthi bangobani? Bavelaphi?Futhi bayaphi?:Inkungu isidangukile, Ndaba:Amehlo ayizolo kade ebona kaluvindi:8

Hheyi wena lishinga-ndini!Sondela lapha kimi: khuluma ulimi lwesintuAngilufuni ulimi lwabezizwe emzini wami!(Masuku, 1973:30).Ukushiya ulimi lwakho ushe amashushu ngolimi lwabezizwe kukhombaukudwanguza enkungwini. Kunzima ukubona umonakalo abawudalayo labobalowo mkhuba ngaphambi kokuba inkungu idwanguluke kubo. Ukubulala ulimikusho ukubulala isizwe. Siphi isiLatini namhlanje? Kwafa ulimi kanjalonababelukhuluma bashabalala kanye nalo.Umonakalo udaleka olimini lapho olunye ulimi lungenelela ekusebenzeni kolunyeulimi:Ukusetshenziswa kwesiZulu esikoleni besekuthiekhaya kukhulunywe isiSwazi noma isiNdebelekuyawudala umonakalo enganeni.(Mlangeni, 2009).Ulimi luyonakala lapho abantu abanganaso isisekelo esiqinile solimi lwabobexhumana nabanye abakhuluma ulimi oluhlukile. Kuyenzeka ukuthi omunyeathande indlela amagama abizwa ngayo kolunye ulimi, bese eyisebenzisakolwakhe ulimi. Ngokuvama nokuba nesijwayezi sokusebenzisa amagamaolunye ulimi kolunye ulimi kudala umonakalo.UMwamwenda, (1990:183) uzwakala ecaphuna amazwi kaSkinner, (1953) ethi:Language is learned in the course of humandevelopment through association, imitation,practice and reinforcement.Lokho ingane ekulalelayo ikuzwe emphakathini, iphinde ikulingise kungenzekakube isihlava olimini olukhulunywa ingane uma kusetshenziswa kungafanelenoma kungasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.9

Bayavumelana ongoti ukuthi ulimi kumele siluvikele size sibe nesikhwele ngalo.Lapho lukhulunywa noma lusetshenziswa ngendlela okungeyona kumele kuzwelekubanini balo:Labo abakhuluma isiNgisi kuyaye kulumelekubo uma sikhulunywa ngendlela engeyona, uyeubone babheka phansi okutshengisayo ukuthibayezwela uma kukhulunywa kabi ulimi lwabo.(Khoza, 2009).Nasemphakathini okhuluma isiZulu kumele kungathuleki kube ngathiakwenzakalanga lutho uma ulimi lwesiZulu lungasetshenziswa ngendlela.Ongoti bayakuveza ukuthi ingane ezithola isemphakathini lapho kumele ikhulumeizilimi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ithuthuka ngesivinini esinensayo kulolo nalololulimi elukhulumayo. Akufani nesivinini esisheshayo sengane esuke ibhekenenolimi olulodwa.Lokhu kufakazelwa uDurojaiye, (1988:183):African children who are exposed to two or morelanguages in the learning years may be slower indeveloping each language at a time.Ngakho-ke ukukhulunywa kolimi lwesiSwazi noma isiNdebele ekhaya kungabanomthelela ongemuhle enganeni efunda isiZulu esikoleni.Ongoti bayakuveza ukuthi ingane engalukhulumi kahle ulimi iba nenkingaekulufundeni nasekulubhaleni. Ngakho-ke izingane ezingalukhulumi kahle ulimizivame ukungenzi kahle ezifundweni zazo. Ulimi ilona olukwaziyo ukusivezelalokho okusengqondweni yengane nalokho okuyilolongile kwayakha ukuze ikhuleibe ngumuntu:10

Language is used by the child to expresspsychological behaviour and to enrich hisknowledge of his culture.(Durojaiye, 1988:187).Ubuhlakani nekhono ingane enalo kuvezwa ilo ulimi.ilukhulume ngendlela efanele ngoba luyisizinda sobuhlakani.Ingane kumele ulimiUDurojaiye, (1988:187) uthi:Children with language deficiency have a lowceiling of educability. Language is necessary forthe cognitive functions of labeling, associativenetwork, abstraction and categorization.Ingane ukuze ihlomule kwezemfundo kuhle ibe nesisekelo esihle solimi. Abazalibanethuba elihle lokufundisa ingane ulimi isencane. Ebuncaneni bayo inganeingazuza noma ilahlekelwe isisekelo solimi. Abazali kumele benze konkeokusemandleni ekufundiseni ingane ulimi.UBruner, (1978) ucashunwa uMwawenda, (1990:116) lapho ethi:Given the close relationship that exists between amother and her child during infancy and earlychildhood, the mother plays an important role inthe language development of the child. Whencommunicating with their babies, mothersmodify their speech so that the language they useis different from that used to communicate witholder children or adults.Izingane kumele zibe nesisekelo esiqinileyo solimi lwasekhaya ukuze umthelelawezinye izilimi ungadali umonakalo olimini lwazo.11

1.7 Abazohlomula ngalolu cwaningoAbazohlomula ngalolu cwaningo abafundi abafunda isiZulu nalabo abasithandayoabafisa ukusifunda nokuqhubeka naso baze bafinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu.Kuzohlomula labo abaluthandayo ulimi abafuna luvikeleke.Kuzozuza othisha abafundisa isiZulu, bakwazi ukuhlela kahle, kabushanangemfanelo indlela abafundisa ngayo isiZulu ukuze kuhlomule ingane.Kuzohlomula umphakathi ongabazali bezingane olangazelela ukuthi izinganezifunde isiZulu ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu. Abazali bazobona intuba laphobangakwazi ukusiza izingane zabo ukuze ziphumelele ngendlela ethokozisayoekufundeni kwazo isiZulu.Kuzohlomula abaphathi nabahleli bezemfundo ngokuthi babe nolwazi maqondananezinselelo ezibhekene nothisha nabafundi ukufundisweni kwesiZulu laphokunomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Abaphathi bezemfundobazokwazi ukuhlela izixazululo ngokusebenzisa lokho abakuzuze kulolucwaningo.Kulindeleke ukuthi uMnyango WezeMfundo uhlomule ngalolu cwaningo.UMnyango woBuciko NamaSiko kulindeleke ukuthi uzuze ngalolu cwaningo. Leminyango izokwazi ngezinyathelo okumele izithathe lapho iqhubekanomkhankaso wokuthuthukisa izilimi zaboMdabu.Abahumushi kanye nabatoliki bezilimi bazohlomula ngalolu cwaningo.Ukusebenza kwamagama athile esiZulwini, esiSwazini kanye nasesiNdebelenibazokwazi ukukuqondisisa ngokwezidingo salolo lulimi abasuke beludingida.12

1.8 Uhla LwezahlukoIsahluko sokuqala: Isethulo socwaningoIsahluko sesibili: Ukudaleka komonakalo olimini lwesiZulu ezikoleni.Isahluko sesithathu: Izimbangela zokulimala kolimi lwesiZuluIsahluko sesine: Izinselelo ekufundisweni kolimi lwesiZulu nomthelela wakoIsahluko sesihlanu: Isihlaziyo, izincomo nesiphetho1.9 IsiphethoMkhulu umthelela odaleka ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Imiphumela yabafundi yokuphela konyaka ayifinyeleli ezingeni okulindelekeukuthi ifinyelele kulo.Ukushabalala kwamanye amagama esiZulu ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazinesiNdebele ezikoleni zaseMpumalanga, kuyayikhinyabeza indlela izinganeezifunda ngayo.Kunesidingo esikhulu sokuthi umphakathi ukhanyiseleke, ube nolwazi ngengoziedalwa umthelela wezilimi isiNdebele nesiSwazi ezinganeni ezifunda isiZuluezikoleni zaseMpumalanga.Kushisekelwa ukuthi ulimi lwesiZulu lukhulunywe, lufundwe lubuye lubhalwengendlela efanele eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ngaphandle kokwesabelaukwenganywa ngezinye izilimi.Izingane kumele zihlomule ngokufunda kwazo isiZulu. Kungabikhookuzivimbelayo ukuthi zihlomule ngokwamandla azo kanye nangakwekhonolazo.13

Ukuthola kahle umsuka womthelela kuzomele kubekhona izingxoxoezibandakanya othisha, izingane, abazali okungamalunga omphakathi kanyenokuzwa imibono yongoti.Isixazululo esingavela, uqedwe umthelela okhona ekufundweni kwesiZulueSifundazweni saseMpumalanga, singaba umnikelo omkhulu esizweni.Isahluko sesibili sizobheka indlela umthelela odaleka ngayo olimini lwesiZuluezikoleni. Kubhekwe nendlela amagama aphinyiswa ngayo, afundwa ngayokanye nabhalwa ngayo. Kuzobhekwa nezindlela isiZulu esifundiswa ngayo kanyenesimo somqondo salabo abasifundayo.Kumele kubekhona okwenziwayo ukuvimba umthelela odalekayo ekufundwenikolimi lwesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Abafundi bayohlomulangokupheleleyo lulondolozeke nolimi lapho uvinjwa lo mthelela.Akungayekelelwa isiZulu siphela eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga, akuthathweizinyathelo.IMPANGELE ENHLE EKHALA IGIJIMA!14

ISAHLUKO SESIBILI2.0 UKUDALEKA KOMONAKALO OLIMINI LWESIZULU EZIKOLENI2.1 IsingenisoIzilimi zesiNguni ezifundwa yiningi labafundi ezikoleni eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga isiZulu, isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele. IsiZulu ilona limilwesiNguni olunesikhathi eside lufundwa ezikoleni eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Ulimi lwesiZulu lufundwa ezindaweni nalapho abantuabasikhulumayo isiZulu bambalwa khona. Lokhu kuyabonakala ezindaweniezifana naseMalahleni, eWitbank. Iningi lemindeni eyakhele lezo zindawolikhuluma isiNdebele. Izingane zaleyo mindeni zifunda isiZulu ezikoleni.Zikhona ezinye izindawo ezisesifundeni esasaziwa ngokuthi iKwaNdebele,ezisanezingane ezifunda ngesiZulu ezikoleni kodwa umphakathi wonke ubeukhuluma ulimi lwesiNdebele. Isizwe samaNdebele besifunda isiZulu esikoleni,sifike ekhaya sikhulume isiNdebele.Ulimi lwesiSwazi nalo akusilo ulimi oludala kakhulu ukufundwa ngalo ezikolenieSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Iningi lezifundiswa ezindala ezikhulumaisiSwazi emakhaya lafunda isiZulu ezikoleni.ISifundazwe saseMpumalanga sehlukaniswe izifunda ezine. Kukhona isifundasaseGert Sibande, iningi lezikole lapho linezingane ezifunda isiZulu njengolimilwasekhaya. Kulandela isifunda saseHlanzeni, iningi lezikole lapho linezinganeezifunda isiSwazi njengolimi lwasekhaya. Kubekhona isifunda saseNkangala,lapho izikole eziningi zifunda isiNdebele njengolimi lwasekhaya. Esifundenisesine saseBushbuckridge linezingane eziningi ezifunda isiTsonga njengolimilwasekhaya.15

Isifunda saseGert Sibande isona esibonakala sibhekene nenkinga. Ingxenyeenkulu yalesi sifunda engaseNingizimu incikene neSifundazwe saKwaZulu-Natal. Kuthi ingxenye engaseMpumalanga nalesi sifunda incikane nezwelaseSwazini. Kuthi ngaseNtshonalanga incikane neSifundazwe saseGauteng.Iningi lemiphakathi eyakhele isifunda iGert Sibande lidabuka eSwazininaKwaZulu-Natal. Kukhona nalabo abadabuka endaweni eyabe yaziwa ngokuthiisabelo sakwaNdebele. Iningi lomphakathi owakhele isifunda saseGert Sibandelikhuluma isiZulu esinezingxenye eziningi ezithathelwe olimini lwesiSwazi kanyenolwesiNdebele.Umthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele esiZulwini ludala ukuthi ukufundisanokufunda isiZulu kuhlangabezane nezinkinga ezithile ezikoleni eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.2.2 Impimiso2.2.1 Iyini impimiso?Impimiso iphathelene nendlela yokubiza igama lapho ukhuluma noma ufundakuzwakale. Othisha abafundisa isiZulu ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalangabahlangabezana nenkinga yabafundi abangakwazi ukuphimisa amagamangendlela efanele. Laba bafundi bawaphimisa lawa magama ngendlela abawezwangayo emphakathini nangendlela iningi liwajwayele ukuwaphimisa ngayo.Abaqapheli ukuthi impimiso yegama eyamukelekayo noma engamukelekiesiZulwini.Impimoso engalungile iyenzeka nalapho abafundi befunda imibhalo yesiZulu.Abafundi baguqula amagama abhalwe kahle ngesuZulu bawaphimise ngendlelaokuphinyiswa ngayo amagama esiSwazi nesiNdebele.16

USkhosana, (2010) uthi:Igama elibhalwe ngokucacile elithi cabangaingane iliphimisa ithi qabanga. Lokhu kuvamileezinganeni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Othisha bangasiza izingane ezinenkinga yokuphimisa amagama. Lokhu uthishaangakwenza ngendlela ethile:Uthisha kudingekile ukuba ngezikhathi ezithilekube nguyena ofundela abafundi ngokuphimiselabona balalele. Ngokwenzenjalo uthisha usukeenikeza isibonelo sokufunda kahle ukuze naboabafundi balingise yena. Nxa ethanda futhiuthisha lokho okuzofundwa angakuqophaemshinini wesiqophamazwi.(Zulu, 1991,361).Ukufunda ngokuphimisa kumele kwenzeke kubafundi kuwo wonke amabanga.Ukuphimisa ngendlela engafanele kungawuguqula umqondo wegama.Isitatimende Sohlelo Lwezifundo Lukazwelonke Amabanga 10-12, (2003:23)luveza ukuthi:Phimisa amagama ngaphandle kokuguqulaimiqondo noma incazelo yawo.Amagama kumele aphinyiswe ngendlela efanele ukuze umqondo awuquketheungaguquki.2.2.2 Ingane ifunda impimiso emphakathiniIningi labafundi lisebenzisa amagama avame ukusetshenziswa emphakathinilapho lihlala khona. Indlela ingane ephimisa ngayo amagama incike kakhulukulokho ekuzwa emphakathini eyilunga lawo.17

Ingane ilalela, izwe, ikhulume lokho umphakathi okukhulumayo. Ngenxayenxubevange yezilimi ezikhona emphakathini, impimiso yamagamaokuyiyonayona iyalahleka.Othisha bazithola bebhekene nomthwalo wokuhlunga nokufundisa impimisoyamagama esiZulu okuyiyona. Indlela izingane eziphimisa ngayo amagamaezikoleni itholakala inamaphutha kodwa emakhaya nasemphakathini laphoizingane ziphuma khona akekho obona amaphutha empimisweni yezinganenjengoba isikole sisuke sibona amaphutha. Izingane ziwaphimisa amagamanjengabazali nanjengamanye amalunga omphakathi:Lokhu kuyalehlisa izinga lokufundwanokufundiswa kwesiZulu. Kumele kubeumthwalo kawonkewonke ukubona izilimizabomdabu zithuthuka ngezinga eliphezulu.(Gumede, 2009).Ukungaphimisi kahle amagama kusho ukungalukhulumi kahle ulimi.Ukungakhulumi kahle ulimi kusho ukubulala ulimi. Ukubulala ulimi kushoukubulala isizwe.Ukukhinyabezeka kolimi lwesiZulu kubonakala kungawakhathazi amalungaamaningi omphakathi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi izingane ziphimise amagamangendlela ezithanda ngayo, azakheki ukuthi zilungise amaphutha, zithuthukiseulimi:Kumele sibe namahloni uma sihlulekaukukhuluma ulimi lwethu. Sikukhuthaleleukukhuluma ngendlela. Siluthande, siluhloniphenathi uqobo lwethu siyohlonipheka.(Masondo, 2009).ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga umthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele ubanamandla kusukela ingane isencane ingakangeni esikoleni. Ingane isuke isafunda18

ukuphimisa amagama. Ingane izithola intula ulwazimagama oluyisisekelo solimilwesiZulu. Esikhundleni sokuthi ingane icebe ngolwazimagama oluxubile,olufaka isiSwazi nesiNdebele. Isisekelo esiwulwazimagama sengane kubangesisolekayo kusukela ingane isencane. Emagameni aqukethwe umqondowengane okungawesiZulu kubakhona ingxenye enkulu yamagama angumthelelawesiSwazi nesiNdebele ezinganeni esifundazweni saseMpumalanga:Estimations of the size of a child‟s functionalspeaking vocabulary, by the time he gets toschool are between 2 500 words to 12 000words. It is therefore apparent that children get toschool with a very rich functional speakingvocabulary.(Pflaum, 1974:19).Ulimi lwesiNdebele lunobudlelwane obuthile nolimi lwesiBhunu. Ukusebenzisaamagama athile esiBhunu olimini lwesiNdebele kuyinto engasolisi lapho yenzeka.Izingane ezivela emindenini lapho kukhulunywa khona isiNdebele kodwa zonazifunda isiZulu, zinawo umkhuba wokufaka amagama esiBhunu lapho ziphimisaamagama esiZulu.Izibonelo:Ngiyakhamba mara ngizobuya.Lo muntu moet abhadale.Esikhundleni sokuthi:Ngiyahamba kodwa ngizobuya.Lo muntu kumele akhokhe.B F Skinner, an American psychologist teachingat Harvard, proposed that language is learned inthe course of human development throughassociation, imitation, practice andreinforcement.(Mwamwenda, 1990:117).19

Othisha kanye nabazali kumele bayisize ingane ukuze ikwazi ukubona nokuzwaumehluko phakathi kwamagama ezilimi ezikhulunywayo emphakathini inganeephila kuwo.2.2.3 Impimiso yamagama esiSwazi nesiNdebele idala umonakalo esiZulwiniezikoleniIsiZulu, isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele ziyizilimi zesiNguni. Phakathi kwalezizilimi maningi amagama acishe afane. Amanye ahluke ngempimiso kanti amanyeahluke ngezincazelo.Ezinganeni eziningi ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga kukhonaamagama eziwezwa kungathi ayefana lapho ephinyiswa kanti awafani. Lawamagama adala ukuthi lezi zingane zidideke zigcine ngokuphimisa ngendlelaengafanele.Iningi lezingane ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga liba nenkingalapho kumele kuphinyiswe ongwaqabathwa q, x no-c ngendlela efanele. OliminilwesiSwazi abasetshenziswa ongwaqabathwa abafana no-q no-x. Kusebenzaungwaqabathwa oyedwa u-c olimini lwesiSwazi. Lokhu kuyaye kuzwakalelapho abakhuluma isiSwazi bephimisa amagama:Locabana nawe, ucabene nami.Lo shaya wena, ushaye mina(Thwala, 1987:10).Lokhu kunomthelela olimini lwesiZulu. Iningi lezingane ezifunda isiZuluezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga livame ukuphimisa ungwaqabathwa u-c esikhundleni sikangwaqabathwa u-q no-x.Lezi zingane uma zikhuluma uye uzwe zithi„ngiyacala‟ esikhundleni sokuthi „ngiyaqala‟.20

Zithi „singacabani‟ esikhundleni sokuthi„singaxabani.‟(Dlamini, 2009).Kaziliboni iphutha lezi zingane ekuphimiseni amagama ngale ndlela. Uthishakuba umsebenzi wakhe ukulungisa indlela izingane eziphimisa ngayo amagama.Kwesinye isikhathi kuye kufike ingane eqhamuka emphakathini lapho isiZulusikhulunywa khona ngendlela efanele, iqaphelisise ukuthi kukhona okungalungileendleleni amagama aphinyiswa ngayo ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalangaizingane ezifunda isiZulu.Esikhundleni sokuthi izingane zilungise indlela eziphimisa ngayo amagama,ziyaphenduka zicwase lena ephimisa kahle amagama nesikhuluma kahle isiZulu:Bathi ngikhuluma isiZulu esijulile njengomuntuovela emakhaya:(Buthelezi, 2009).Kwesinye isikhathi ingane evela lapho isiZulu sikhulunywa kahle khonaingazizwa inengcindezi ngenxa yokucwaswa ngezinye izingane ezikolenieSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Kungenzeka ukuthi ingane evela lapho isiZulusikhulunywa kahle khona ingakhululeki kahle lapho ikhuluma. Ukungakhululekikwayo kuncike kakhulu ekutheni isikhule kangakanani ngokweminyakanangokomqondo. Imbangela yokungakhululeki ingabangwa indlela le nganeabayinaka ngayo ontanga lapho iphimisa amagama:Izingane ezifika esikoleni zisezincane zizizwazinamahloni, zizibone zihlukile kontanga. Laphokulingiswa indlela ezikhuluma ngayo.Ukulingiswa kuzenza zizibone ziphoxekilengoba ezinye izingane ziyiguqula ziyenza ihlayaindlela yokukhuluma ezingayejwayele.(Dladla, 2009).21

Inkinga ayikho ekuphimiseni ongwaqabathwa kuphela, abanye onkamisakungafanele lapho kuphinyiswa amanye amagama. Amanye amagamaangamabizo alahlelwa onkamisa abayisiqalo lapho ephinyiswa:Esikoleni nasekhaya uye uzwe umuntu ethi„Sonto ubuthanda kabi buthongo‟. Esikhundlenisokuthi „uSonto ubuthanda kabi ubuthongo.‟(Zulu, 2009).Lokhu kungumthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi. Ulimi lwesiSwazi alubasebenzisionkamisa njengeziqalo kuzo zonke izimo. Unkamisa oyisiqalo emagameniamaningi angamabizoqho uyalaxazwa olimini lwesiSwazi noma kuphongozwaungwaqa ngaphambi kwakhe ebizweni:Izibonelo:IsiZulu(a) UThemba udlala ibhola.(b) Ogogo bathamele ilanga.(c) USipho uthenga isinkwa.IsiSwazi(a) Themba udlala libhola.(b) Bogogo bathamele lilanga.(c) Sipho uthenga sinkwa.Le nkinga yokulaxaza onkamisa ivamile ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulueSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu lapho isiSwazi nesiNdebele senze khona umonakaloazigcini kuphela ngokulaxaza onkamisa lapho ziphimisa amagama, zibuyezibasebenzise ngendlela engafanele onkamisa, zibize amagama ngendlela edidayokumuntu owazi isiZulu. Lezi zingane ziyaye zimlaxaze unkamisa ofanele, kuthiesikhundleni sakhe kungene omunye unkamisa:Izibonelo:ibisi esikhundleni segama elithi ubisi.iphuthu esikhundleni segama elithi uphuthu.22

Lokhu kungumthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi owenzakalayo olimini lwesiZulu.IsiSwazi sithi : libisi: liphuthuIzingane eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zivame ukubulala ungwaqaosekuqaleni u-li- bese zithi: ibisiiphuthuLawa magama izingane ziwasebenzisa imihla yonke. Lapho zikhula zikhulanawo. Lapho zifunda isiZulu ezikoleni ziwabiza ngendlela ezikhula ziwabizangayo:Lokhu kuyalulimaza ulimi. Kukhona othishaabangasifundisi isiZulu okuthi lapho bekhuluma,bakhulume isiZulu ngendlela efanayo naleyoizingane ezikhuluma ngayo.(Msimang, 2009).Lokhu kwenza umthwalo ubenzima kothisha abafundisa isiZulu.ukwesekwa yilabo abafundisa nabo kanye nabazali emakhaya.AbakutholiKunagama asebenza olimini lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele aqukathe omunye umyalezoohlukile lapho esetshenziswa olimini lwesiZulu. Lawa magama adala ukudidekanokungaqodisisi kumuntu osaziyo isiZulu, adale umonakalo:Izibonelo:Isihlangu – NgesiNdebele kusho isicathulo kanti ngesiZulu kusho ihawulokuvika.Kunzima – NgesiNdebele kusho ubumnyama kanti ngesiZulu kushoubulukhuni.Gana – NgesiSwazi kusho ukuqoma insizwa kanti ngesiZulu kushoukulotsholwa ushade uphume emzini kayihlo.23

Ziyawasebenzisa lawa magama izingane esiZulwini bese kulahleka amagamaafanele nencazelo efanele yegama ingacaci. Ukuphimisa amagama ngendlelaeyiyo nefaneleyo kuyahambisana nobumqoka bomyalezo osuke udluliswa. Laphokwenzeka ukuthi uphimisa amagama ngendlela engafaneleyo umyalezo ofisaukuwudlulisa kungenzeka ungafinyeleli lapho ufisa khona. Impimiso engeyonaingaba nomthelela ekudluliseni umyalezo. Umthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebeleuyenza ukuthi izingane ziphimise amagama ngendlela edidayo kumuntu owaziisiZulu, umyalezo ohlosiwe ulahleke.Uye uzwe abafundi bekhuluma ngegama chumisa esikhundleni segama qhumisa.EsiZulwini ngamagama amabili ahlukene anezincazelo ezimbili ezahlukenengokusho kukaNyembezi, (1992:60-440):Chumisa – ukuqhubeka ukhulume ngento ongenaqiniso ngayo.Qhumisa – ukumila kwabathakathi enganeni.EsiSwazini ungwaqabathwa u-c usebenza esikhundleni sikangwaqa u-q.Kumagama aphinyiswa ngendlela efanayo yilabo abakhuluma isiZulu nesiSwazikodwa umyalezo odluliswa ilawo magama awufani.UNyembezi, (1992:479) uchaza igama elithi ukusoma ngesiZulu athi:Ukulalana kwabantu bengakashadi. KantingesiSwazi leli gama elithi ukusoma lishoukweshela. Izingane ziyawasebenzisa amagamaavela kwezinye izilimi lapho zifunda isiZulu.Zisuke zingayiqondi incazelo yalawo magamauma esesetshenziswa esiZulwini. Amagamaamanye athathwa esiNdebeleni nasesiSwazininencazelo ehlukile kuleyo afike abe nayoesiZulwini.24

Izingane zifunda amagama ngokulingisa abanye. Amagama avameukusetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yiwona ingane evame ukuwasebenzisa.Amanye amagama ingane iwasebenzisa ngoba iwathokozela futhi eyichaza beseiwasebenzisa ngokuhlanganyela nawontanga. Emiphakathini engenaso isisekeloesiqinileyo ekukhulumeni isiZulu ingane isheshe ibe uthathekile izikhulumelengendlela ethanda ngayo. Kumele abazali bayikhathalele indlela izinganeezikhuluma ngayo isiZulu. Bazikhuthaze ukuthi zikhulume ngendlelaeyamukelekile:The linguistic sophistication of young childrencannot be underestimated or taken for granted.The key to learning oral language lies in theopportunities children have to explore andexperiment with language toward purposefulends.(Vacca, et al, 1991:14).Abazali kanye nothisha kumele bazisize izingane zazi ngobumqoka bolimi lwabolwesintu kanye nobumqoka bokulukhuluma ngendlela.2.2.4 Ukubaluleka kwempimiso efanele yamagamaIzingane eziphimisa kahle amagama ngendlela efanele kuyakhula ukuzethembakuzo. Azizenyezi. Ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagama. Ziba nolwazimagama oluhlelekile. Ukuhleleka kahle kwaloko umfundi akukhulumayokuyisinyathelo sokuqala esikhomba impumelelo kulokho umfundi azokwenza.Izingane eziphimisa amagama esiZulu ngendlela efanele kumele zikhuthazweukuze zikhule ekuluthandeni ulimi kanye nasekuzethembeni. Izinganeeziluthandayo ulimi zinendlela kanye namandla okutshala lo moya wokuthandaulimi kontanga. Kulula ezinganeni ukwamukela into egqugquzelwa yizokunaleyo egqugquzelwa abantu abadala:25

Socially and emotionally adolescents depend lesson their parents, and infact have differences ofopinion with them every now and then.(Mwamwenda, 1990:56).Ukuhlangana kwabantu abasha baqhakambise ulimi lwabo, babe nesikhwelengalo, kulumele kube buhlungu bezwe ukujivazeka uma ulimi lwabolukhulunywa ngendlela engafanele. Kungalukhulisa ulimi, kulunike isithunzingisho nakwabezizwe. Abaninilo bathole isithunzi esibafanele. Lungazothaulimi, imithelela evela kwezinye izilimi kubelula ukuthi ihlungeke.Intsha ingahlomula ngokuthi ikwazi nokwethula izinkulumo esidlangalaleniisebenzisa ulimi eluncelile ebeleni. Ikhone nokusizakala nasemakilasini laphokumele khona ichaze, ithule izinkulumo noma ibambe iqhaza laphokunezinkulumo-mpendulwano ngesiZulu. Izuze imiklomelo efanele.Ulimi luwulimi ngokukhulunywa.Esifundweni sesiZulu izingane ziyanikwaithuba likukhuluma. Kuningi ingane ekumele ikuchaze noma ikukhulume:The child is presented with ongoing discourse inwhich he finds himself already a participant ontopics very largely selected by his own interests.His meanings are interpreted, expressed andexpatiated upon before he even knows whatmeaning is.(Willes, 1983:21).Ingane engakwazi ukuphimisa kahle amagama esiZulu ilahlekelwa ithubalokuveza ulwazi enalo maqondana nesifundo.Intsha ephimisa kahle amagama esiZulu ingahlomula ngokuthi ingenwe ugqozilwesiZulu ngenxa yezincomo ezithola kothisha nasemalungeni omphakathi.Igcine isithanda zonke izinto eziphathelene nesiZulu, okungaba usizo ezinganenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Kungalinyusa izinga lokuphumelela kuqedeukudideka. Bangabi ngamalulwane bakwazi ukwehlukanisa kulokho okuyisiZulu26

nalokho okuyisiSwazi nesiNdebele. Abafundi baseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ngokuqaphela impimiso yabo lapho befunda isiZulu ingabanothando lwezinto eziningi eziphathelene noZulu, ezinjengamagugu kanyenomlando omuhle kaZulu. Kuvuke ugqozi lokuhaya izinkondlo zikaZulu,kwakheke nothando lokuqamba izingoma zikaZulu. Ulimi lukaZulu luguqukelube igugu izingane eziziqhenya ngalo ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.Indlela izingane zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga eziphimisa ngayo amagamaiyazikhinyabeza ekufundeni kwazo isiZulu. Kumele zilusebenzise kahle ulimingendlela ezozihlomulisa iphinde ihlomulise nomphakathi wonke. Ukukhulumakahle ulimi kuhambisana nobuciko bokwenza ezinye izinto:Pupils must master the use of language not onlyin terms of grammar but also in a social sense sothat they can use it to write paper andassignments in a convincing and interestingmanner. They must also use language as a toolof peace so that what they say and how they sayit does not lead to hard feeling and conflicts.(Mwamwenda, 1990:119).Izingane kumele zikwazi ukuphimisa amagama ngendlela efanele ukuzezikhulume nabantu abaqhamuka kuwo wonke amazinga empilo. Indlela ulimiolukhulunywa ngayo iqukethe ubuhlakani kanye nemizwa yalowo osukeekhuluma. Ulimi ilona olucacisela labo abasuke belalele ngobumqoka bodabaolusuke lwethulwa ilowo okhulumayo.Impimiso engeyinhle kanye nolimi oluphukileyo ingawukhinyabeza umyalezooqondiwe. Ukuphimisa kahle amagama kumele kutuswe ngothisha kanyenabazali:Children are rewarded for the correct use ofwords whereas wrong pronounciation or27

incorrect use of grammar is punished in one wayor other.(Mwamwenda, 1990:117).2.2.5 Impimiso iyisisekeloLapho ulimi olukhulunywayo lungaqondile lokho kuzwakala empimisweniyamagama. Umuntu simuzwa ngendlela aphimisa ngayo amagama ukuthi iluphiulimi alukhulumayo noma ungumhlobo muni.Impimiso iyona esivezela ubungako bolwazi lwamagama umuntu analo nekhonolokulusebenzisa lolo lwazimagama:The acquired vocabulary falls into two sets,namely the receptive and expressivevocabularies. The expressive vocabulary is theset of words the child uses in communicationwith others and the receptive vocabulary is theset of words he understands but has not yetdeveloped the skill to use.(Bowd, et al, 1982:19).Uhlu lwamagama ingane ewaziyo newazuzileyo luzwakala ngenkathi inganeiphimisa. Amanye amagama iwaphimisa ngesibindi, amanye ngokuzenyeza.Lokhu kuyezwakala lapho izingane zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ziphimisaamanye amagama esiZulu.Ingane itholakala ingenaso isiqiniseko sokubiza amagama athize ngendlela.Ingane uyithola ingabaza ekuphimiseni amanye amagama ngenxa yokudidekaokudalwa umthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele; ingazi ukuthi kumele ithi iqandanoma icanda. Ingane ingaze izwakale kungathi inamalimi kanti cha ayinawo.Ukungabi nesiqiniseko ngento oyishoyo kuyawadala amalimi kulahlekenokuzethemba.28

Ingane iphimisa into esemqondweni wayo. Othisha kuhle baqaphele lokho inganeekuphimisayo bakulungise. Bancome uma yenze kahle. Akumele ukuthi othishabazithele ngabandayo bayekelele kukhule nokhula. Akungayekwa ngoba kuthiwainkinga yaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga eyaziwayo yokuthi isiSwazinesiNdebele ziba nomthelela esiZulwini.Indlela ingane ephimisa ngayo amagama ihlonza indlela ingane ezofunda ngayoiphinde ibhale amagama. Ukuqaphela amaphutha adaleka empimisweniyezingane ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele alungisisiswe,kunganciphisa amaphutha angadaleka ekubhaleni nasekufundeni kwengane.Ukuphimisa nokukhuluma kahle ulimi kungelinye lamakhono ingane okumeleilizuze. Ukuphimisa kuqukethe ukwehla nokwenyuka kwephimbo, ukugcizelelanokungagcizelelwa kwamagama athile kanye nokuthinteka komoya ngobakuhambisana nephimbo. AmaSwazi anendlela yawo yokukhuluma eyehlukilekuleyo amaZulu ayisebenzisayo uma ekhuluma:Different language is used in different situations,so we can say that a language is not a uniformobject. It is a basic principle of sociolinguisticsthat there are no single-style speakers.(Stubbs, 1983:39).Kukhona izingxenye zenkulumo lapho amaZulu agcizelela khona uma ebizaigama elithize, uthole ukuthi amaSwazi awagcizeleli.Kunezikhathi nezimo lapho kuye kuzwakale khona amaSwazi ekhulumainkulumo eyinensisa. Lokho kuyindlela nomkhuba wamaSwazi yokwakha isigqiasifunayo olimini lawo. AmaZulu anendlela yawo yokwenza inkulumo ibenesizotha nesigqi. Ayaye asebenzise iphimbo, alehlise ngendlela ethileehambisana nokujula kodaba olusuke ludingidwa.29

Ulimi lwesiNdebele lona kukhona lapho luyaye lusheshe khona nephimbolenyuke. Lokhu kuyaye kudalwe umthelela lolu limi oluwuthola oliminilwesiSuthu. Izingane ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zinawoumkhuba wokunensisa, ukwehlisa nokwenyusa iphimbo kungenasidingo. Lokhuzikuthathela esiSwazini kanye nasesiNdebeleni.Emphakathini kuhlala izingane ezifunda isiZulu, isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Kweminye imiphakathi bayaye babe ingcosana labo abafunda isiZulu. Izinganeemphakathini zikhuluma ngendlela eyodwa. Ingane ayifuni ukwehluka kontanga,ifuna njalo ukuzizwa iyingxenye yeqembu. Ngakho-ke ikhuluma ngendlela efananaleyo amalunga eqembu akhuluma ngayo:The need for almost complete conformity withthe gang makes some children do things theywould never do by themselves.(Durojaiye, 1988:66).Othisha kanye nabazali kuhle bakhuthaze abafundi ukuthi ulimi lwabo baluthandebalukhulume ngendlela kodwa bayalwe ukuthi bangalubukeli phansi olunye ulimiolukhulunywa ngabanye bomdabu. Abafundi abakwazisayo okwabonabakuhloniphayo okwabanye bayokwazi ukukusebenzisa ngendlela efanelelokho okwabo kanye nalokho okwabanye.Angeke babe othathekile bagxambukele ngendlela engafanele ezilimini zabanye.Nabo angeke bavumele ukugxambukela okungafanele kwenzeke olimini lwabo:Umfundi ohleleke kahle uzokuzwa umaekhuluma isiSwazi ukuthi usekhuluma isiSwazinalapho ekhuluma isiZulu noma isiNdebele.Akwazi ukuzibonela yena ngokwakhe umehluko.(Motha, 2009).30

Umfundi onenkinga enkulu ilowo ongakwazi ukubona umehluko phakathikwenkulumo equkethe isiZulu esimsulwa kanye naleso esinomthelela wesiSwazinoma wesiNdebele.Mabakhuthazwe banconywe abakhuluma kahle isiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Abafundi abakhuthazwayo nabanconywayokuvame ukuthi kube yilabo abakhombisa umzamo omuhle uma bekhulumaisiNgisi.Ukunconywa nokukhuthazwa kwabafundi lapho bekhuluma ulimi ngendlelakudala ukuthi baqikelele lapho bekhuluma. Amagama bawaphimisa ngendlelanabanye bayakhuthazeka ekutheni bakhulume ngendlela ukuze banconywe.Othisha kumele baqikelele ukuthi isiZulu siphinyiswa ngendlela efanele.Akumele baluthambise ulimi bavume ukuthi loniwe imingenela ngoba bethibaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.2.3 Ukufunda2.3.1 Umonakalo odaleka ekufundeniUkufunda kuyikhono lapho othile ayaye abheke imibhalo bese uyaqonda ukuthi lemibhalo ayifundayo isho ukuthini. Kubakhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokhookufundwayo nalowo osuke efunda. Ofundayo angafunda ngokuphimisa nomaafunde buthule. Kuncike enhlosweni yalowo ofundayo. Kungenzeka ukuthiufuna ukufunda ukuze akuqondisise lokho akufundayo ngakho-ke uzofundabuthule. Lapho ehlose ukufunda kuzwakale uzofunda kuzwakale. Okufundwayokumele kunike umqondo othile:Reading is the most important subject to belearnt by children, a child will learn little else in31

today‟s world if he does not first learn to readproperly.(Reid, 1972:12).Ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ziningi izingane ezinenkingaekufundeni isiZulu ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.liyehluleka ukubiza amagama ngendlela asuke ebhalwe ngayo.IningiEzinye ziyehluleka ukuthola incazelo okuyiyonayona yegama noma amagamaezisuke ziwafunda bese zingakuqondisisi ezikufundayo.Ezinye izingane ziba namahloni lapho kuvela isidingo sokuba zifunde kuzwakale.Uthisha kudingeka ukuba alungise amaphutha ekufundeni kwazo izikhathingezikhathi. Ukufunda kwazo kuyanensa ngokuba kuyaphazamiseka laphokulungiswa amaphutha nalapho zifunda zitshengisa ukuthi azizethembi.Reading is a complex process in which therecognition and comprehension of writtensymbols are influenced by readers‟ perceptualskills, decoding skills, experiences, languagebackgrounds, mind sets, and reasoning abilitiesas they anticipate meaning on the basis of whathas been read.(Harris noSipay, 1980:10).2.3.2 Ukungabizwa kwamagama ngendlelaIzingane eziningi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga aziwaphimisi amagamangendlela efanele ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Amagamaawaphinyiswa ngendlela esuke ebhalwe ngayo. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu umakufundwa amagama aqukethe ongwaqabathwa. Abafundi abanye abafundiungwaqa njengoba besuke bembona kodwa bafunda ngendlela abavame ukuzwaungwaqa ephinyiswa ngayo.32

Izibonelo:‣ Okwenzeka kungwaqabathwa u-„q‟Indlela okubhalwa ngayoi. Isiqalo nesiphethoii. Iqhude elimhlopheiii. Umqondo omuhleiv. Isiqu sesihlahlav. Inqola eluhlazaIndlela abafundi abafunda ngayoi. Isicalo nesiphethoii. Ichude elimhlopheiii. Umcondo omuhleiv. Isicu sesihlahlav. Incola eluhlaza‣ Okwenzeka kungwaqabathwa u-„x‟Indlela okubhalwa ngayoi. Ugogo uxoxainganekwane.ii. Baxabana kwakubi.iii. Ingxoxo yakheiyakhuthaza.iv. Lo mfula unamaxoxo.v. Impi isiphelilesebexolelene.Indlela abafundi abafunda ngayoi. Ugogo ucoca inganekwane.ii. Bacabana kwakubi.iii. Ingcoco yakhe iyakhuthaza.iv. Lomfula unamacoco.v. Impi isiphelile sebecolelene.‣ Okwenzeka kumankankane u-„n‟Indlela okubhalwa ngayoi. Ngabona inkomoemhlophe.ii. INkosi ivunulile.iii. Unkosikazi Celeuyafunda.Indlela abafundi abafunda ngayoi. Ngabona ikomo emhlophe.ii. Ikosi ivunulile.iii. Ukosikazi Cele uyafunda.iv. Indaba ekulu.33

iv.Indaba enkulu.v. Impilo enhle.v. Impilo ehle.IsiSwazi sisebenzisa ungwaqabathwa u-„c‟ enkulumeni yaso. Abanyeongwaqabathwa okungo-„q‟ no-„x‟ abasetshenziswa. Abafundi abakhulumaisiZulu esinomthelela wesiSwazi kubalukhuni kubo ukuphimisa abanyeongwaqabathwa ngaphandle kuka ngwaqabathwa u-„c‟.Ukwehluleka kwabafundi baseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ukufunda abanyeongwaqa kubadalela inkinga ekufundeni isiZulu, kulehlise izinga lokufunda.IsiNdebele asimsebenzisi umankankane u-„n‟ emabizweni amaningi. Abafundiabafunda isiZulu abaxhumene nomphakathi lapho isiNdebele sinomthelelaomkhulu khona, bavame ukuba nephutha lokweqa umankankane u-„n‟ laphobekhuluma noma befunda amagama esiZulu anomankankane u-„n‟.2.3.3 Ulwazi lwangaphambiliUmfundi ongafundi ngokuyikho akakwazi ukucabangisisa ngenkathi efunda.Akakwazi ukuthatha lolo lwazi aluthola ngenkathi efunda aluxhumanise nolwazilwakhe ukuze akwazi ukuhlela ulwazi olusha aphinde aluqhathanise nolwazioludala.UGarner, (1979:29) uthi:-A good reader understands not only the meaningof a passage but its related meaning as well,which includes all the knows that enriches orillustrates the literal meaning. Such knowledgemay have been acquired through wide reading orthrough listening to others.34

Iningi labafundi baseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga liqukethe ulwazilwangaphambili olunesisekelo sesiSwazi nesiNdebele. AbafundibaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga bazithola bebhekene nobunzima laphokumele baxhumanise ulwazi lwabo abaluthole ngenkathi befunda isiZulu kanyenolwazi lwabo lwangaphambili olunesisekelo sesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Ukufunda kumele kube inkundla lapho ofundayo akwazi khona ukuxhumanisalokho akutholile ngenkathi efunda kanye nolwazi lwakhe lwangaphambili.UChapman noCzerniewska, (1978:16) lapho bephawula ngolwazilwangaphambili bathi:It is the perception of those meanings within thetotal context of the relevant experiences of thereader a much more active and demandingprocess.Abafundi kumele bakwazi ukuguqula lokho okubhaliweyo bakuguqulelekokukhulunywayo. Abafundi abaningi eSifundazweni saseMpumalangababonakala benenkinga ekuguquleni lokho okubhaliweyo bakuguqulele kulokhookukhulunywayo:If all the educational activities are based onexperiences of the learner, learning becomeseasier and enjoyable.(Clay, 1982:19).Amaphutha adaleka ngenkathi befunda abafundi baseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga avela ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Abafundibabona ukufunda kuyinto eyehlukile engaxhumene nempilo yabo yemihlangemihla. Kwabanye kubanzima kakhulu, bangakuthokozeli ukufunda.Ngenkathi abafundi befunda baqaphela ukuthi bangenzi amaphutha, bazameukuphimisa amagama ngendlela efanele, bazame ukugwema ukweqa izinhlamvu35

ezithile. Lokhu kuqaphela kwabo ukuthi bangawenzi amaphutha kudala ukuthibangakuqondisisi kahle lokho abakufundayo. Umfundi okwazi ukufunda isiZuluongenalo uvalo lokuthi angahle enze amaphutha ngenkathi efunda, usethubenielihle lokuqondisisa lokho akufundayo. Umqondo wakhe ugxila ekutheniakuqondisise lokho akufundayo. Uyakhululeka agxile kokufundwayo ngaphandlekokuba novalo lokwenza amaphutha:Experience is also one of the factors thatinfluences comprehension. A piece ofinformation read is related to past experienceshelp the reader to bring meaning to the printedpage. The lack of experience can really hindercomprehension.(Pflaum, 1974:11).Izingane zasezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga lapho zifunda eminyeimibhalo yesiZulu, ezinye ziyaye zibe nobuhixihixi obudalekayo lapho zifunda.Lokhu kuyaye kudalwe ukwehluka kolimi abalukhulumayo emakhaya okuwulimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele kanye nalolo abalufundayo olubhalwe phansioluyisiZulu, okufundwa ngalo esikoleni.Abafundi baluqondisisa kangcono ulimi uma kuwulimi abahlale belusebenzisanasekhaya. Ukufunda kubalula kuthokozise uma kusetshenziswa ulimiolusetshenziswa yizo izingane.2.3.4 Ukufundela abalaleliUkufundela abalaleli kudinga umfundi onesibindi ongesabi nonokuzethemba.Umfundi ozethembayo umfundi okwaziyo ukufunda kahle ongenabo ubuhixihixilapho efunda. Umthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele udale ukuthi lehleizinga lokuzethemba kubafundi abaningi abakhuluma isiSwazi nesiNdebeleemakhaya bebe befunda isiZulu. Iningi lalaba bafundi liyehluleka ukufundanokuphimisa amagama ngendlela efanele.36

Laba bafundi abanomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele abafunda isiZulu esikoleniabakwazi ukusebenzisa izwi ngendlela ezwakalayo nethokozisayo ngenxa yovalooludalwa ukungazethembi. Lapho kubonakala ukuthi ofundayo akazethembikubakhona ubuhixihixi ekufundeni kwakhe, umyalezo awudluliseki ngendlelaeyiyo. Abalalele bayaye bangagxili kulokho okusuke kufundwa kodwa banakaizinto eziningi.Umfundi ongenazo izimpande zolimi lwesiZulu akakwazi ukuhumushaimicabango nemizwa yombhali wombhalo lapho efunda. Abafundi abaningiezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ngenxa yomthelela wolimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele bayehluleka ukufunda kungabi nobuhixihixi laphobefundela izethameli. Lokho kudalwa ukungazethembi okudalwa ukungabazaulwazi lokufunda isiZulu abanalo.Iningi lalaba bafundi liyaye liphefumulele phezulu ngenxa yovalo, kudalekeubuhixihixi ekufundeni kwabo.Abafundi abaningi bayafunda-nje, bangalinganisi ngezandla nangobuso laphokudingeka khona. Lokho kudalwa ukungazethembi nokungaqiniseki komfundingento ayifundayo:Kumele lokho umfundi akufundayo akuzwenasemithanjeni yakhe yegazi, aqiniseke ngakho.(Mlangeni, 2009).Umfundi ofundela abalaleli kodwa ebe engazethembi, engenaso isiqinisekosokuthi amagama athile aphinyiswa kanjani, akakwazi ukuguquguqula izwi ukuzekuzwakale isigqi nemizwa endabeni noma enkondlweni.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu kodwa impande yazo ibe igxile esiSwazini kanyenasesiNdebeleni zinako ukungazethembi lapho zifunda isiZulu. Ukufundakwalezi zingane kuyakhinyabezeka ngenxa yokungazethembi:37

Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu akwazi ukufundakahle ngokuphimisela empilweni njengalaphokufundwa amaminithi omhlangano nomakwethulwa inkulumo elungiselelwenasemisebenzini ethize njengokufunda izindabakumabonakude nasemsakazweni(Manzini, 2009).Izingane zaseMpumalanga ezinomuzwa wokuthi azikwazi ukufunda kahle isiZuluzizibona zilahlekelwa amathuba amahle angavezwa ulwazi olusezingenieliphezulu lokufunda kahle isiZulu.2.3.5 Ukufunda ngokuqondisisaUmthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele uyadala ukuthi izingane ezifundaisiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zingakuqondisisi ngokuphelele lokhoezikufundayo. Lokho kuyabangelwa ukusebenza kwegama elithile esiZulwinielinencazelo ehlukile kuleyo eziyithole esiSwazini noma esiNdebeleni:Izibonelo:NgesiNdebele uma bathi siyathokoza baqonde ukuthi siyabonga.NgesiZulu uma bathi siyathokoza baqonde ukuthi bayajabula.NgesiNdebele uma bathi kunzima baqonde ukuthi kumnyama.NgesiZulu uma bathi kunzima baqonde ukuthi kulukhuni.NgesiSwazi uma bathi uganile baqonde ukuthi uqomile.NgesiZulu uma bathi uganile baqonde ukuthi ushadele emzini othile.Lokhu kudala ukudideka nokungaqondisisi kumfundi othi efunda isiZulu ebeenezimpande zesiSwazi noma zesiNdebele. Umfundi unomthwalo wokuhumushaumlayezo walokho okufundwayo ukuze akuqondisise kahle.38

Ukufunda kungathathwa njengesenzeko esimbaxambili. Okokuqala singathiukubona igama, okwesibili kube ngukuqondisisa lokho okungumlayezooqukethwe ilelo gama elibhaliweyo.Umthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele uyadala ukuthi izingane lapho zifunda isiZuluumlayezo wegama ziwuhumushe ngenye indlela esuke ingaqondiwe umbhaloosuke ufundwa:Ukubona amagama yikho okuyisisekelo kukhokonke ukuthuthuka kokufunda kantiukuqondisisa ukuthi amagama asho ukuthinikuyisisekelo sokuthola umlayezo wokubhaliwe.(Mkhize, 2009).Abafundi bayehluleka ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo lapho bengakuqondisisilokho abakufundayo. Balahlekelwa nayimiklomelo bangaphumeleli ngezingaeliphezulu.UMbambo kanye nabanye, (2006:23) uthi:Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuzeaqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisaaphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisi eziningi.Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi, ukutholaulwazi olufanele nemininingwane ematheksthini.Umfundi ohlulekayo ukufunda azitholele ulwazi ezincwadini uba nenkingaempilweni yakhe ethinta ukufunda.39

2.4 Ukubhala2.4.1 Ukubaluleka kokubhalaUkubhala kuyindlela yokudlulisa umlayezo. Ukubhala kungumgogodlawemfundo. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ofundayo noma ofundileyo akwaziukubhala. Abhale kahle kucace, kuzwakale futhi kufundeke. Kuyawukhinyabezaumlayezo ohlose ukuwudlulisa lapho ubhala amagama angaqondakali olimini loloosuke ubhala ngalo, kuyawukhinyabeza umlayezo ohlose ukuwudlulisa.Izingane zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazinesiNdebele maningi amagama eziwafakelayo lapho zibhala isiZulu. Lawamagama adala ukudideka nokungaqondisisi ngenxa yokuthi akuwona awesiZulu.Adala ukuthi umlayezo umfundi asuke aqonde ukuwudlulisa ungadlulisekingendlela efanele nokumele awudlulise ngayo.Izibonelo:Ingane enomthelela wolimi lwesiNdebele efunda eSifundazweni saseMpumalangaingabhala ithi:Ngabaqala bebhala umsebenzi.Ibe iqonde ukubhala ukuthi:Ngababona bebhala umsebenzi.Kofunda isiZulu kuzwakale kungathi ithi:Ngabasukela bebhala umsebenzi.Ngaleyo ndlela umlayezo umfundi ahlose ukuwudlulisa ngombhalo uyonakala.Ungafiki ngendlela obhalayo ahlose ngayo. Lokhu kwehlisa izinga lokubhalaisiZulu ezinganeni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.40

Ngokwesitatimende Sohlelo Lwezifundo Lukazwelonke, (2003):Ukubhala kuyisikhali esinamandla sokuxhumanaesivumela abafundi ukuba bakhe, bavezeimicabango nemibono ngokubumbeneyo.Ukubhala njalo, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo,imisebenzi nemikhakha yezifundo kwenzaabafundi baxhumane ngenhloso nangobuchule.Izingane ezisebenzisa amagama avela kwezinye izilimi, okungamagama alethaindida esiZulwini, azikwazi ukuxhumana ziveze imibono nemicabango yazongokuphelele zisebenzisa ukubhala. Umyalezo uyaphazamiseka ungadlulingendlela okuhloswe ukuthi udlule ngayo.Umthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele ezinganeni ezifunda ulimi lwesiZuluudala ukuthi lezi zingane zilahlekelwe ngamathuba abalulekile ekufundeninamqoka ekusaseni. Umfundi ukuze aphumelele ezifundweni zakhe kumeleabhale izivivinyo. Izingane ezintula ikhono lokubhala azibi nemiphumela emihleezikoleni. Kuyabonakala lokhu ezinganeni ezithile ezingenwe umthelela wolimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele lapho zibhala isiZulu.Abafundi kumele bahlomule ngekhono labo lokwazi ukubhala isiZulu. Abafundiababhala imibhalo yesiZulu ebonisa ukutheleleka okuvela olimini lwesiSwazinolimi lwesiNdebele bayaphuthelwa balahlekelwa ngamathuba amahleabangawazuza:Inhloso wukuveza ababhali abanekhonoabanengxubevange yolwazi abazokwaziukusebenzisa amakhono abo ukuthuthukisaimibhalo yolimi lwesiZulu.(Mlangeni, 2009).Abafundi abafunda isiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalangababhekene nenselelo yokukhombisa ubuciko namasu okuloba athuthukile41

ekubhaleni lapho bebhala isiZulu.Lokhu kumele bakwenze ngaphandlekokucindezelwa incindezi yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele.2.4.2 Ukupelwa kwamagamaKukhona amagama abizwa afane namagama esiZulu kodwa ukupelwa kwawokwehlukile. Abanye abafundi ngenxa yomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele bayaye bangawapeli amagama esiZulu ngendlela efanele. Bawapelabelandela indlela okupelwa ngayo amagama olimi lwesiSwazi nolwesi Ndebele.Izibonelo:Ukupelwa kwegama lesiZulu Ukupelwa kwegama lesiSwazi /lesiNdebeleIlitsheIntatshanaIsimo senkondloHluthukaNeNtshonalangaLweNkosiInsimuInsabulaIlitje (IsiNdebele)Intatjana (IsiNdebele)Isimo seenkodlo (IsiNdebele)Hlutfuka (IsiSwazi)NeNshonalanga (IsiSwazi)LweNkhosi (IsiSwazi)Intsimu (IsiSwazi)Intsabula (IsiSwazi)Kuyenzeka umfundi aqale ukufunda esikoleni esifundisa ulimi lwesiSwazi nomalwesiNdebele bese kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angene esikoleni esifundisaisiZulu. Ezinye izikole zinamakilasi afundisa ngesiNdebele nesiSwazi.Kuyenzeka ukuthi ingane iphethe isifunda isiZulu ibikade ifunda isiSwazi nomaisiNdebele. Le ngane uma isisekilasini elifunda isiZulu ifike ibe nenkingaekupelweni kwamagama esiZulu ngendlela eyiyo. Le ngane ifika nendlelayokupela amagama ewathole olimini lwesiNdebele noma olimini lwesiSwazi.42

Abanye abafundi baseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga bakhonza ezinkonzwenilapho izinkonzo ziqhutshwa khona ngolimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele.AmaBhayibheli afundwa kulezo zinkonzo abhalwe ngolimi lwesiSwazi nomangolimi lwesiNdebele. Abafundi bazithola bengena kakhulu endleleni ulimilwesiSwazi kanye nolwesiNdebele ezibhalwa ngayo. Umfundi ugcina esebenzisaindlela ulimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele olubhalwa ngayo njengoba ehlalaeyibona eBhayibhelini.Othisha babhekene nomsebenzi omkhulu wokusiza izingane ekupelweni kahleKwamagama esiZulu. Izingane ezingatholi ukusizwa ziyaqhubeka ukupelaamagamaesiZulu ngendlela okupelwa ngayo amagama esiSwazi nesiNdebele:Teachers can help students realise that spelling issystematic and that many spelling errors can beavoided if they will look for relationships thatexist among words.(Hoskisson noTompkins, 1987:419).Lokhu kwenza ukuthi agcine angasakwazi ukupela amagama esiZulu ngendlelaefanele. Lapho kukhona okumxakayo ekubhaleni kwakhe isiZulu, uveleasebenzise igama alaziyo lesiSwazi noma lesiNdebele.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga miningi imibhalo ebhalwe ngolimi lwesiSwazikanye nolimi lwesiNdebele. Kukhona imibhalo engamanoveli, eyimidlalo,eyizinkondlo kanye neminye imibhalo eminingi. Kulula kumfundi ofunda isiZuluukuthi afinyelele kule mibhalo bese eyifunda. Kuyenzeka ukuthi umfundi ofundaisiZulu agcine eseyithanda futhi ayithokozele imibhalo ebhalwe ngolimilwesiSwazi noma olwesiNdebele. Lapho eyifunda le mibhalo kunamagama athizeahlala ewabona. Indlela abhalwa ngayo lawa magama agcina esakheleengqondweni yomfundi. Lokhu kudala umonakalo lapho umfundi esepelaamagama esiZulu.43

Uthisha kumele ayibheke ngeso elibanzi indaba yokuhluleka kwabafundi ukupelaamagama esiZulu ngenxa yomthelela wolimi lesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Kumelekubekhona imizamo ezanywayo:The teacher can enrich the spelling curriculumwith vocabulary building activities.(Norton, 1985:203).2.4.3 Imiphumela emibiIzingane ezingakwazi ukubhala nokupela amagama ngendlela efaneleyoziyahluleka ukuphumelela ezivivinyweni zazo. Lezi zingane azikwaziukukhombisa amakhono ekubhaleni ukuveza inhloso eqondiwe. Umyalezoeziqonde ukuwudlulisa uyakhinyabeza nendlela ezipela ngayo amagama, idalaukudideka. IsiSwazi nesiNdebele zinomthelela ezinganeni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ezihlulekayo ukupela amagama esiZulu ngendlela efaneleyo.Izingane eziningi ziyehluleka ukukhombisa ubuciko namasu okuloba. Azikwaziukubhala isiZulu esimsulwa kodwa zibhala isiZulu esiyingxubevange yolimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Lezi zingane zilahlekelwa imiklomelo esemqokaekubhaleni kwazo:Ukungaphumeleli kwabafundi olimini lwesiZulunjengesifundo, kubakhinyabeza kakhuluabafundi ngokomqondo nangokomphefumuloukwedlula ukungaphumeleli kwezinye izifundo.(Dladla, 2009).Izingane zinamathemba amakhulu okuphumelela uma zibhala isifundo sesiZulu.Ukungaphumeleli kwazo kuyazidikibalisa. Iningi lezingane ezehlulekayoukubhala isiZulu ziyehluleka nasekubhaleni isiNdebele nesiSwazi ngendlelaefanele:44

Replacing this discouragement with hope is mostimportant. For this reason, it is usually desirableto start with learning activities that are wellbelow the child‟s instructional level, to makesure that he will succeed in them.(Harris, 1967:324).2.4.4 Umsebenzi owengeziwe kothishaOthisha baba nomsebenzi ongeziwe okumele bawenze ukusiza lezi zinganeezihlulekayo ukubhala kahle isiZulu ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele. Othisha kufuneka babheke igama negama ingane elibhalayo ukuzebaqiniseke kahle ukuthi ingane ibhala kahle yini. Lokhu kudla isikhathi esiningikothisha abafundisa isiZulu kudale nomsebenzi omningi. Siyancipha isikhathisikathisha sokubheka ezinye izingxenye zolimi. Isikhathi esiningi othishabasichitha belungisa indlela amagama apelwa ngayo. Akubilula kothishaukuqhubeka baye phambili izingxenye eziningi zonakele:Uthisha kumele abe nolwazi olunzulu lwesiZuluukuze akwazi ukusiza izingane. Uthisha kumeleazinike isikhathi. Ayisize ingane lapho ididekakhona.(Msimango, 2009).Izingane ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zidinga uthishaonesineke ukuze zisizakale. Lapho zibhala maningi amaphutha adalekayo ngenxayomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele.2.4.5 Izingxenye zolimi ezivame ukuba indida kubafundiKunezingxenye ezivame ukudala umonakalo omkhulu lapho kufundwa ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Lo monakalo uyabonakala lapho abafundibebhala. Udalwa umthelela wesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Lo mthelela uyaye ubonakale kulezi zingxenye zolimi ezilandelayo:45

2.4.5.1 KongwaqabathwaUlimi oluba nomthelela omkhulu oludala umonakalo; ulimi lwesiSwazi. UlimilwesiSwazi lusebenzisa ungwaqabathwa u-c. Alubasebenzisi ongwaqabathwa u-qno-x. Izingane eziningi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ziyaye zibhale zilandelaindlela yolimi lwesiSwazi yokubhala amagama.Izibonelo:Indlela yokubhala isiZuluq – iqaqaqh – iqhudenq – inqindingq – ingqondox – uxamuxh – unoxhakanx – inxulumagx – ugxangx – ingxangxaIndlela abafundi ababhala ngayoc – icacach – ichudenc – incindingc – ingcondoc – ucamuch – unochakanc – inculumagc – ugcangc – ingcangcaIziqalo zamabizoAbafundi baseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abafunda isiZulu bavame ukubanenkinga yokungabasho onkamisa abayiziqalo. Bavame ukuthi babeqe onkamisaabayiziqalo lapho bebhala nalapho bekhuluma. Imbangela yokweqiwa kwalababonkamisa umthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi. Ulimi lwesiSwazi luyabeqa onkamisaabathile abayiziqalo zamabizo.46

Izibonelo:Ukubhalwa kwesiZuluUgogo uyadla.Abantu abaningi.Ufuna ngithathe ilitshe.Ngomele amanzi.Ugeza ubuso.Ufuna ngimthengele ukudla.Isitsha sakhe simhlophe.Uzofika uzwe imisindo.Ilizwi lenkosi.Ukubhala kwabafundiGogo uyadla.Bantu baningi.Ufuna ngithathe litshe.Ngomele manzi.Ugeza buso.Ufuna ngimthengele kudla.Sitsha sakhe simhlophe.Uzofika uzwe misindo.Lizwi le nkosi.2.4.5.2 IziphawuloUmonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi uyaye ubonakale nalapho izingane ezifundaisiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zisuke zibhala isiphawulo.Izingane ziyaye ziphongoze ungwaqa u-„L‟ ngaphambi kwesiphawulo. Lokhukudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu.Izibonelo:Indlela yokubhala yesiZuluUmuntu omdala.Abantu abadala.Umuthi omncane.Imithi emincane.Ilitshe elikhulu.Amatshe amakhulu.Indlela yokubhala yabafundiUmuntu lomdala.Abantu labadala.Umuthi lomncane.Imithi lemincane.Ilitshe lelikhulu.Amatshe lamakhulu.47

2.4.5.3 Imifakela yamagama engadingekileKukhona amagama okungamagama ayimifakela esiZulwini. Lawa magamaangena esiZulwini akhiphe amagama esiZulu soqobo. Imifakela eminingiiqhamuka olimini lwesiNdebele.Ulimi lwesiNdebele luyasebenzisana nolimi lwesiBhunu. Imifakela eminingietholakala olimini lwesiNdebele ivela olimini lwesiBhunu. Izingane ezivelaemindenini lapho kukhulunywa khona isiNdebele zivame ukusebenzisa imifakelaevela kwezinye izilimi nalapho sezifunda isiZulu.Kunamagama ayimifakela asetshenziswa ngokukhululeka yize ekhona amagamaesiZulu ashaya emhlolweni. Lokhu kungenxa yomthelela wesiNdebele.Izibonelo:Amagama esiZuluNgigeza ubuso.Ubonda lwakithi luhle.Umfowethu uhambile.Udadewethu uyasebenza.Ubiyele ngocingo olusha.Ubuyele ebandleni.UJele uthenge umuzielolobheni.Ubaba uthukuthele kabi.Ubabekazi uthandainyama.Amagama asetshenziswa ngabafundiNgivasa ubuso.Imiri yakithi inhle.Ubhuti uhambile.Usesi uyasebenza.Ubiyele ngedradi entsha.Ubuyele ekerekeni.UJele uthenge umuzi edrobheni.Ubaba ukwate kabi.U-Anti uthanda inyama.IsiNdebele siwulimi lwesiNguni olunemifakela eminingi evela oliminilwesiBhunu.Le mifakela ingena isebenze ngendlela eyamukelekile lapho48

kukhulunywa isiNdebele. Umonakalo uyadaleka esiZulwini ngenxa yomthelelawesiNdebele. Imisebenzi ebhalwa abafundi iba namaphutha amaningi laphobebhala isiZulu. Othisha bachitha isikhathi esiningi belungisa amaphuthaesikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokufundisa izingxenye eziningi zolimi. Unyakauphela abafundi bengazenzanga izingxenye zolimi okumele bazenze. Umsebenziomningi okumele wenziwe othisha besiZulu uyasilela ngenxa yokugxilaekulungiseni amaphutha.2.4.5.4 Iselulo esiyisijobelelo u-yoIselulo esiyisijobelelo u-yo esisebenza esiZulwini siyaguquka kungene iseluloesiyisijobelelo u-ko osebenza esiSwazini nasesiNdebeleni esikhundleni saso.Lokhu kungenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Izibonelo:NgesiZulu kuthiwa:-Dadewethu othandekayo.Isitsha esibukekayo esihlanzekile.Ingane efundayo iyophumelela.Imoto ephukayo inenkinga.Inja elumayo iyesabeka.Abantu abaphekayo bane.Indoda esebenzayo iqotho.Umfana omfunayo uhambile.Abafundi bathi:-Dadewethu othandekako.Isitsha esibukekako esihlanzekile.Ingane efundako iyophumelela.Imoto ephukako inenkinga.Inja elumako iyesabeka.Abantu abaphekako bane.Indoda esebenzako iqotho.Umfana omfunako uhambile.AmaSwazi namaNdebele lapho ekhuluma ayaye asebenzise iselulo esiyisijibelelou-ko esikhundleni seselulo sesijobelelo u-yo. Abafundi lapho bebhala umsebenziobhalwayo njengokubhala indaba, kuyenzeka lokhu ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu:49

Abafundi basuke bebhala ngendlela abajwayeleukukhuluma ngayo emakhaya. Akulula ukuthiizingane zibone amaphutha uma sezibhalaesikoleni. Isizathu ukuthi indlela ezikhulumangayo iyemukeleka emakhaya, isetshenziswanangabazali.(Maseko, 2009).2.4.5.5 Ukubhalwa kwesandiso sendawoIzingane ezihlala ezindaweni lapho kukhulunywa khona isiNdebele kodwa zonazibe zifunda isiZulu zivamile ukuba namaphutha lapho zibhala isandiso sendawo.Inkinga ivela lapho isandiso sendawo siqala ngonkamisa u-e-. Abanye abafundibayaye baphongoze u-ng- esiqalweni. Lokhu kuyenzeka kakhulu ezinganeniezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Izibonelo:Ukubhalwa kwesandisosendawo ngesiZuluUlimele ekhanda.Uhambele ekhaya.Ubone isinkwa esitolo.Uthwele emahlombe.Ugibele emotweni.Ufunda esikoleni.Uhlala ehlathini.Usebenza esiNqobile.Uthele amanzi ekudleni.Uphatheke kabiemphefumulweni.Ukubhalwa kwezingane kulandelaumthelela wolimi lwesiNdebeleeSifundazweni saseMpumalangaUlimele ngekhanda.Uhambele ngekhaya.Ubone isinkwa ngesitolo.Uthwele ngemahlombe.Ugibele ngemotweni.Ufunda ngesikoleni.Uhlala ngehlathini.Usebenza ngesiNqobile.Uthele amanzi ngekudleni.Uphatheke kabi ngemphefumulweni.50

Lokhu akwamukelekile olimini lwesiZulu. Kudala umonakalo endleleni ulimilwesiZulu olubhalwa ngayo. Ukuphongozwa kuka-„-ng-‟ esandisweni sendawokuletha umqondo ohlukile esiZulwini ongafani nalowo osuke uqondiweesiNdebeleni.Izibonelo:NgesiZulu uma kuthiwa umshaye ngekhanda, kusuke kuqondwe ukuthi ikhandaelisetshenzisiwe ukumshaya.NgesiNdebele uma kuthiwa umshaye ngekhanda, kusuke kuqondwe ukuthiindawo ashaywe kuyo kusekhanda.Abafundi lapho bebhala isiZulu ezikoleni bazithola bedideka bengaqondisisikahle okumele bakubhale ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele:Abanye abafundi lapho behlolwa kunemibuzoabahlulekayo ukuyiphendula nomaabayiphendula ngendlela okungeyona ngenxayokuthi abayiqondisisi.(Mahlangu, 2009).2.4.5.6 Isabizwana sokukhombaLapho kubhalwa isiZulu kuvame ukuthi ibizo elisuke likhonjwa landulelweisabizwana sokukhomba:Kanje:- Le ntokaziLo muntu51

Olimini lwesiNdebele kuyaye kubekhona ibizo elisuke landulela isabizwanasokukhomba:Kanje:- Intokazi leUmuntu loESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane ezifunda isiZulu zibe zikhulumaisiNdebele emakhaya zinenkinga yokuphambanisa ibizo nesabizwanasokukhomba lapho zibhala.Izibonelo:Ukusebenza kwesabizwanasokukhomba esiZulwiniLe motoLe maliLesi sitshaLo mthwaloLo mfuthoLe ndodaLo mliloIndlela abanye abafundiababhala ngayoImoto leImali leIsitsha lesiUmthwalo loUmfutho loIndoda leUmlilo lo2.4.5.7 Umankankane u-nIsiNdebele sivame ukulaxaza umankankane u-„n.‟ Lo mankankane uyasebenzaemabizweni athile esiZulu. Izingane eziphuma lapho kukhulunywa khona ulimilwesiNdebele ziyamlaxaza lo mankankane nalapho sezifunda isiZulu.Akwamukelekile esiZulwini lokhu kulaxazwa kukamankankane u-„n‟;kubonakala njengegama elingabhalekanga kahle uma umankankane u-„n‟elaxaziwe kungafanele. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ezinganeni ezifunda ezikoleni52

zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Kwenzeka lokhu ngenxa yomthelela wolimilwesiNdebele.Izibonelo:Ukubhalwa kwamagamaanomankankane esiZulwiniWahlaba inkomoemhlophe.Akasenayo inkani.Inkulumo yaba yinde.Kukhona inkinga.Banikwa indawo enkulu.Inhlonipho yinhle.Indlela abanye abafundi ababhalangayoWahlaba ikomo emhlophe.Akasenayo ikani.Ikulumo yaba yinde.Kukhona ikinga.Banikwa indawo ekulu.Ihlonipho yinhle.Abafundi balahlekelwa imiklomelo ngokupela amagama ngendlela okungeyona.Lokhu kwehlisa izinga lokuphumelela isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Inkinga yokwehluleka ukupela amagama ngenxa yomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazikanye nesiNdebele iqala emabangeni aphansi, ikhule ize ifinyelele emabangeniaphezulu. Othisha badinga isikhathi esiningi ukuxazulula le nkinga yokupelaamagama ngendlela engeyona. Le nkinga idinga othisha ukuthi basebenziseisikhathi esingeziwe.Isikole nekhaya kumele kubambisane ukuxazulula inkinga yokupelwakwamagama. Pho kothiwani? Kwenziweni uma ekhaya kusetshenziswa ulimilwesiNdebele noma olwesiSwazi? Ingane ibhala ngendlela ekhuluma ngayo.Lokho kudala umonakalo ekufundweni koloimi lwesiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.53

2.5 Ukufundiswa kolimi lwesiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga2.5.1 Ukunganakwa kwezinhloso zokufundisa isiZuluOthisha abaningi abafundisa isiZulu abazinaki izinhloso zokufundisa ulimilwesiZulu. Bayafundisa ukuze baqede isilabhasi ngesikhathi abasimiselweyongaphandle kokucabanga nokudlinza ngezinhloso zolimi.IsiZulu kumele sifundiswe ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ulwazi kubafundi ukuzebakwazi ukuqaqa izinkinga zolimi, bakwazi ukuhlaziya ulimi ngemigomoyesayensi kanye nokuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe obuvezwa ababhali bemibhaloyolimi.Othisha kanye nabafundi uma bengakwazi ukuqaqa izinkinga zolimi, kululaukuba ezinye izilimi ezifana nesiSwazi nesiNdebele zidale umonakalo oliminilwesiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Othisha bebambisene nabazali kumele babe nezindlela ezizokwakha ugqozikubafundi lapho befunda isiZulu, basithande futhi basinakekele. Abafundibazokwazi ukubona lapho kudaleka khona umonakalo futhi babe nayo indlelayokulungisa:Kumele isiZulu sifundiswe eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga othisha abasithandayo,abazotshala ugqozi kubafundi.(Mbatha, 2009).Abafundi bayayenzisisa into uma benogqozi lwayo. Ukungatshaleki kogqozikubafundi kwenza ukuthi abafundi bafunde ngokunganaki, bangaboni nalaphoizinto sezonakala.54

2.5.2 Indlela yokutshela lapho kufundiswaIndlela yokutshela lapho kufundiswa ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa othishabesiZulu kanye nezinye izilimi. Uthisha nguye ophethe ulwazi okuthingokusebenzisa indlela yokutshela alithululele kubafundi.Le ndlela idinga uthisha onolwazi olukhulu ngesifundo asuke esifundisa.Abafundi baxhumana nothisha ngokuthi balalele. Abafundi abafundiswa uthishaonolwazi bayahlomula kakhulu lapho befundiswa. Abafundi abafundiswa uthishaowentula ulwazi bangaholeleka ophathe, kudaleke umonakalo esifundweni.Uthisha onenkinga ekukhulumeni ulimi lwesiZulu ngendlela efanele ngenxayomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele angandisa umonakalo ezinganeni. Bakhonaothisha eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abasifundisayo isiZulu kodwa bebebenezinkinga ekusikhulumeni. Abanye balaba bothisha basuke bengamaSwazinoma amaNdebele. Emakhaya basuke bekhuluma into ehlukile kuleyoabayifundisayo. Imfene angeke ilulahle ukhopho lwayo:Ulimi lwebele lunomthelela omkhulu kumninilo.Ibhunu noma lingasikhuluma kanjani isiNgisilizohlala lizwakala ukuthi lona empeleniliyibhunu.(Dlamini, 2009).Othisha abafundisa isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abangamaSwazinoma abangamaNdebele bayezwakala uma befundisa lokho abayikho ngempela.Lokhu kubhebhethekiswa ukuthi othisha nabo bayingxenye yomphakathiokhuluma isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.2.5.3 Indlela yombuzo nempenduloKule ndlela uthisha uyaye abuze umbuzo ngenhloso yokuthola impendulo.Impendulo kumele kube impendulo exhantile, efuna umfundi acabange ukuze55

akhethe impendulo okuyiyona yona nakwaziyo ukuyeseka. Ngale ndlela uthishauvame ukuthola ithuba lokubona lapho abafundi banenkinga khona. Lokhukwenzeka ngenkathi ecwaninga izimpendulo zabafundi maqondana nalokhuasuke ekubuza. Uthisha wesiZulu oqeqeshiwe angakwazi ukubona izingxenyezolimi lapho umonakalo udaleke khona ngenxa yesiSwazi nesiNdebeleawulungise ngaso leso sikhathi:Izimpendulo ezinikezwa ngabafundi zindlalelauthisha isithombe esicacile lapho umonakaloukhona.(Nkosi, 2009).Umfundi uthola ithuba lokulungisa lapho konakele khona olimini ngaso lesosikhathi. Abanye abafundi bayazihlela izimpendulo zabo, bakhiphe konkeokungalungileyo okudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Abafundi basukebenenhloso yokunika uthisha impendulo egculisayo kanti ngaleyo nhlosobagwema amaphutha angadala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu.2.5.4 Indlela yokuxoxaLe ndlela inika abafundi ithuba lokuxoxa ngemibono yabo. Abafundi bayayebaphikisane baze bavumelane uma sekuvela iqiniso elisobala kubo bonke.Ngenkathi abafundi bekhuluma bephikisana basuke bekhululekile:Kubalula kuthisha ukubona izinkinga abafundiabanazo ngempela olimini lwesiZulu. Uthishaukhona ukubona indlela ulimi lwesiSwazinesiNdebele oludala ngayo umonakaloesiZulwini.(Nkosi, 2009).Uthisha uthola ithuba lokubona nokulungisa lapho kwenzeke khona umonakalo.Uthisha ongalungisa lokho akubona kungalungiseka ngenkathi eholela ingxogxo56

yabafundi emgudwini weqiniso lapho okulindeleke ukuthi abafundi bavumelanekhona.Ukuhluleka kukathisha ukubamba iqhaza ngendlela efanele kungaholela ukuthiumonakalo osuke ukhona olimini ubhebhetheke. Uthisha makazibandakanyengenhloso yokulungisa ulimi lwezingane.2.5.5 Indlela esamdlaloLe ndlela inika abafundi ithuba lokuba bafunde sakudlala. Le ndlela isebenzakangcono lapho uthisha efundisa ngemibhalo ethize. Abafundi kule ndlelabangabamba iqhaza ngokuthi badlale izingxenye ezithize emibhalweni, bameleabalingiswa abathize abatholakala emibhalweni.Abafundi bayakhululeka badlale uma kusetshenziswa le ndlela. Bagxila kulokhookuhloswe umdlalo abasuke bewudlala. Ngalesi sikhathi uthisha angathola ithubalokuhlonza ubungako bomonakalo odalwe isiSwazi nesiNdebele:Uthisha angabhala konke okumele kulungiswengoba usuke esekubonile ubungako bomonakalo.(Nkosi, 2009).Abafundi basuke benesikhathi bewulungiselela umdlalo. Kunezingxenyeabaziphindaphindayo abafundi bezama ukugxilisa imiqondo yabo kuzo.Kwesinye isikhathi basizwa uthisha. Uthisha angasebenzisa lelo thuba ukulungisalapho ebona khona umonakalo odalekile olimini lomfundi. Kulula ukuthi lokhuokulungiswa uthisha, ungene engqondweni yomfundi ngoba usuke ephindaphindaamagama namabinzana elungiselela umdlalo. Umfundi usuke esembona uthishaengumqondisi womdlalo.Umonakalo odalwe ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele ubonakala kahle ezikoleni futhiungalungiseka kahle khona:57

Othisha baba nethuba lokuhlonza lo monakalolapho izingane zikhuluma, zifunda nalaphozibhala.(Nkosi, 2009).Indlela uthisha abafundisa ngayo isiZulu ingaba nomthelela ekunciphiseni nomaekwandiseni umonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele ezinganeniezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.2.5 IsiphethoKunesidingo esikhulu kothisha abafundisa isiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga sokuthi babe nesineke ekufundiseni ulimi lwabo ukuze bazuzeimpumelelo. Kumele banake kokubili ukukhulunywa nokubhalwa kolimilesiZulu. Basebenzise izindlela zokufundisa ezizobalethela imiphumela emihlenabayihlosile. Bazinike isikhathi sokulalela inkulumo yabafundi nokubhekaimibhalo yabo. Bangakhathali ukulungisa amaphutha adaleka ngenxa yomthelelawolimi lesiSwazi nesiNdebele.58

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU3.0 IZIMBANGELA ZOKULIMALA KOLIMI LWESIZULU3.1 IsingenisoZiningi izimbangela zokulimala kolimi lwesiZulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Lesi Sifundazwe sinezakhamuzi eziningi ezikhuluma ulimilwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele. ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga kukhonaamakhaya angaziseki izingane zawo ngokwanele ezifunda isiZulu. Lokhukungenye yezimbangela zokulimala kolimi lwesiZulu.Kukhona abantu abafuduka kwelaseSwazini beze kwelaseMpumalangangezizathu ezihlukeneyo. Umncele ohlukanisa iSifundazwe saseMpumalanganezwe laseSwazini wenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kubelula.Abantu uma sebehlangene behlala ndawonye kuningi okwenzekayo, okunyeokwenzekayo ukuganiselana. Intombi igana insizwa kungakhathalekile ukuthibakhuluma lulimi luni. Lapho kuthathene abantu abakhuluma izilimiezihlukeneyo kuba nokuthelelana phakathi kwezilimi abazikhulumayo.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni zikhinyabezwa umthelela wesiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele. Abazali kuneqhaza okumele balibambe ukuvikela ukonakala kolimilwesiZulu. Abanye abazali bayimbangela yokonakala kolimi lwesiZulu ngenxayezinkolelo namasiko abo.Imisakazo inomthelela endleleni abantu abakhuluma ngayo. Abantu abalalelakakhulu umsakazo osakaza ngolimi lwesiSwazi bagcina sebenolwazi-magamalwesiSwazi ukwedlula ezinye izilimi. Imisakazo ethile ingaba negaleloekulimaleni kolimi lwesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.59

Indlela aMakhosi nabaholi bomphakathi abakhuluma ngayo ingaba negaleloendleleni abantu abakhuluma ngayo. Amagama athile asetshenziswa ngaMakhosikanye nabaholi lapho bekhuluma ingezwakala isisetshenziswa ngabantu kwezaboizinkulumo.Kwezinye izikole kunemithetho engakhuthazi izingane ukuba zikhulume ulimilwesintu. Le mithetho ebekwa othisha idala umonakalo nokusilela emva kolimilwesiZulu.Azikho izimali ezanele ezifakwa esifundweni sesiZulu ukuze sithuthukeezikoleni. Izimali eziningi zifakwa kwezinye izifundo njengezifundo zesayensinezibalo yizo ezabelwa imali eningi. Lokho kuyabajivaza abafundi ukubabaqhubeke nesifundo sesiZulu.Umphakathi omningi oNsundu awukusekeli ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimizabaNsundu. Lokho esikubona kwenziwa umphakathi wamaBhunu uvikela ulimilawo asikuboni kwenzeka kolwethu ulimi.3.2 Ukuhlala kwabantu nokuhleleka kwempilo yabo3.2.1 UkuganiselanaKuyenzeka ukuthi imindeni ekhuluma izilimi ezihlukeneyo iganiselanengezingane zayo. ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga kuye kwenzeke ukuthiinsizwa ezalwa lapho kukhulunywa khona isiZulu iganwe intombi evela laphokukhulunywa khona isiSwazi noma okukhulunywa khona isiNdebele. Ukufikakwentombi izogana ekhaya elikhuluma ulimi LwesiZulu, yona ibe ikhulengamasiko nangolimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele, kuba nomthelela oliminilwesiZulu olusuke lukhulunywa ekhaya.60

Izingane ziyaye zisheshe ukwejwayela umakoti omusha emndenini.Ziyamvakashela egunjini lakhe, zihlale naye zixoxe naye. Ziyaye zimjwayelezimthande. Izingane zigcina zithanda nendlela akhuluma ngayo lo makoti:Izingane zichitha isikhathi esiningi ekhaya zihlelinabantu besifazane kunabantu besilisa, izinganezithola ingxenye enkulu yemfundiso konina.(Masango, 2010).Izingane zigcina sezithanda amagama athize akhulunywa noma avameukusetshenziswa ilo makoti ozogana. Kungaba amagama athize esiSwazi nomaesiNdebele. Kuya ngokuthi lo makoti oganele kulelo khaya ungumhlobo muni.Lapho umakoti ekhuluma isiNdebele, kuyozwakala ngamagama athize esiNdebeleesekhulunywa izingane phakathi kwekhaya. Nalapho umakoti engumSwazikuyokwenzeka into efanayo yokuzwakala kwamagama athize esiSwazi phakathikomuzi.Lokhu kudala ukudungeka olimini lwesiZulu olusuke lukhulunywa ekhaya.Amagama athize afike nomakoti emzini ayangena agxile emqondweni wezinganezakulelo khaya. Akekho okhuzayo lapho isenzo esifana nalesi senzeka. Kusukekwesatshelwa ukuthi umakoti uzophatheka kabi, kusale sekuthulwa umonakalouqhubeke uye phambili.Lezi zingane zingcina seziwasebenzisa ezikoleni amagama eziwafunde kumakotilapho sezifunda isiZulu. Amagama esiZulu soqobo aya ngokuya eshabalalaemqondweni wezingane, esikhundleni sawo kungene amagama amasha afikanomakoti.Lokhu kuyazikhubaza izingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni. Liyehla izingalokukhuluma nokubhala isiZulu zinganakile. Lokhu kuyenzeka kakhulueSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.61

Lapho umakoti esethola ingane ethi yena ukonakala kolimi lwesiZulu kuyadlangaemndenini. Umakoti uchitha isikhathi esiningi enengane yakhe. Usuke enayoimini nobusuku, eyidlalisa eyixoxisa abuye ayilolozele. Kukho konke ukwenzakwakhe lo makoti usuke esebenzisa ulimi lwakhe lwendabuko okungaba isiSwazinoma isiNdebele.Ingane ithi iqala ukukhuluma izobe yazi izinhlamvu eziningi zesiSwazi nomazesiNdebele kunezesiZulu okuwulimi olukhulunywa uyise wayo:Given the close relationship that exists between amother and her child during infancy and earlychildhood, the mother plays an important role inthe language development of the child.(Mwamwenda, 1990:116).Umakoti namalunga omndeni wakubo lapho ezalwa khona bayavakashelana.Ulimi asuka elikhuluma ekhaya luyavuseleleka. Lutheleleke kalula enganeniahlala nayo nayikhulisayo.Uthisha uyoba nomthwalo lapho efundisa leyo ngane isiZulu.eziningi zamagama iyoziphimisa njengoba isuke izwa unina:IzinhlamvuUkuganiselana kuyinto enhle phakathi kwezizweezahlukene kodwa kuba nomthelela olimininasemasikweni azo.(Khumalo, 2010).Ingane yentombazane ekhuliswa umakoti ovela esizweni samaNdebele,kunamasiko nemikhuba yamaNdebele afisa ukuthi ingane yakhe iwalandeleekukhuleni kwayo. Lo makoti usuke ewathanda lawo masiko futhi ekholelwaukuthi yiwo amlolonga amgcina ukuze abe inkosikazi.Intombazane iyakhuliswa ngesiNdebele. Lokhu kukhuliswa kwenziwa ekhayalapho kuzalwa khona unina:62

Here, she receives instructions from her motherand older women in private and she does not goout. During this period of isolation, the olderwomen teach her rules and responsibilities.Then she is joined by several of her friends whowere initiated the previous year. They learn thewords of hlonipha, a secret language of theirown.(Schneider, 1997:36-37).Amasiko kanye nezimfundiso zikanina zenza le ngane ingabi nempande oliminilwesiZulu esuke ilufunda esikoleni. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu ezindawenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ezinjengaseMalahleni, eWitbank, laphoimindeni eminingi ikhuluma isiNdebele kodwa izingane zibe zifunda isiZuluezikoleni.Izinsizwa zamaSwazi nezamaNdebele ziyaganwa izintombi ezivela emindeninilapho kukhulunywa khona isiZulu. Intombi eganileyo ekhuluma isiZulu iyazamaukuluqondisa ulimi lwengane. Ingane ikhula ikhulunyiswa ngesiZulu.Umonakalo olimini olukhulunywa ingane udalwa imfundiso eyitholaemgwaqweni kontanga kanye nomthelela wolimi olukhulunywa abantu abaningikuleyo ndawo.Lapho iningi lezingane kuleyo ndawo kungamaNdebele nazo ziyoba nayoinhlesane yesiNdebele olimini lwazo.Iningi le mindeni yamaNdebele livame ukugcina isiko elaziwa ngokuthi ingoma.Iningi lezingane ezingabafana kuba iphupho lazo ukuya engomeni. Kusukangisho nabafana abahlala ezindaweni ezingamadolobha baye emakhaya laphokugcinwa khona lolu siko lwengoma. Lolu siko luvame ukugcinwa ebusika:Ingoma, is a boy official transition from youth tomanhood. Ingoma represent an important rite ofpassage that affects men for the rest of their63

lives. All the boys between ages of fifteen andnineteen are expected to undergo initiation.(Schneider, 1997:39).Kukhona izingane ezifunda isiZulu eziyaye zibe ingxenye yalolu sikoeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Lapho sezibuyela esikoleni lezi zingane zobesezinolwazi oluningi oluphathelene nolimi namasiko esiNdebele. IsiZulu esukeisikhuluma isixuba namagama athize esiNdebele. Lokho kudala umonakaloolimini lwesizulu, kwehlise izinga lokubhala nokukhuluma isiZulu.3.2.2 UkufudukaUkufuduka ukusuka kwabantu endaweni ethile ababehlala kuyo baye kwenyeindawo. Kungaba izizathu ezithize ezahlukeneyo ezingaba imbangelayokufuduka. Abanye baxoshwa izimpi, ubugebengu kanye nobubha ezindaweniabahlala kuzo. Abanye baya kwezinye izindawo ngoba besuke belandelaamathuba angcono kwezemisebenzi, kwezamabhizinisi, kwezemfundo kanyenokunye okuningi:Some people left their towns and villages whenthey were attacked by enemies.(Potter, 1987:04).Abantu uma befuduka besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye basuke bengahambibodwa. Laba bantu basuke behamba namasiko abo, izinkolelo, imikhuba kanyenolimi abahamba belukhuluma.Bahamba nemindeni yabo. Lapho beyakhona bahlangana nabantu okumelebaphilisane nabo. Iningi labantu livame ukufudukela ezindaweniezingamadolobha. Likholwa ukuthi emadolobheni maningi amathuba okwenzaimpilo ibengcono kunasemakhaya:64

Sometimes, people move into the city from thenearby countryside. Sometimes, people havecome to the city to look for a job. Some peoplecome into the city because they like living withother people.(Potter, 1987:04).ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga kunabantu abaningi abafuduka bevelaezindaweni ezifana nezwe laseSwazini. Abanye basuka ezindaweni ezabe zaziwangokuthi zisesabelweni sakwaNdebele. Lezi zindawo zibandakanya izindawoezifana neSiyabuswa, kwaMhlanga, eMablehall, e-Allemansdrif, eDenniltonkanye nezinye. Iningi lomphakathi owakhele lezo zindawo ukhuluma ulimilwesiNdebele.Kukhona abantu abafudukayo besuka kulezi zindawo okwabe kwaziwa ukuthizisesabelweni sakwaNdebele baye eMalahleni, eWitbank kanye nasesifundenisaseGert Sibande lapho izimayini zamalahle kanye nezikhungo zokuphehlaamandla kagesi zikhona.Kukhona abantu abaningi abaliqhamukisa ezweni laseSwazini abanye baqhamukaesifundeni saseHlanzeni. Laba bantu balandela amathuba omsebenzi ezimayinikanye nasezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi ezitholakala eMalahleni kanyenaseSifundeni saseGert Sibande.Izikole eziningi zabaNsundu eMalahleni naseSifundeni saseGert Sibandeokungaba amashumi ayisishagalolunye nanhlanu ekhulwini (95%) zifunda isiZulunjengolimi lwasekhaya. Ukufika kwabafundi abaningi abakhuluma isiNdebelekanye nesiSwazi emakhaya bezofunda isiZulu njengolimi lwasekhaya kudalaumonakalo olimini lwesiZulu.Laba bafundi basuke bequkethe ulwazi-magama ezilimi abazikhuluma emakhaya.Lolu lwazi balusebenzisa lapho befunda isiZulu. Laba bafundi baholelekaekutheni bapele babuye baphimise amagama esiZulu ngendlela okungeyona.65

Indlela laba bafundi abayaye bapele babuye baphimise ngayo amagama ikhombaukuthi kunomthelela wesiSwazi nowesiNdebela olimini lwabo. Emadolobheniafana naseMalahleni umuntu emunye ukhuluma izilimi zomdabu ezingaphezukolimi olulodwa:Many city people speak two languages. They arebi-lingual. They speak one language when theyare at home. This is a language of a country thefamily came from. At work and at school theyspeak another language.(Potter, 1987:11).Ukufuduka kwabantu befuduka besuka lapho besuka khona, besuka nezilimi zabokuyawudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu ezikoleni. Izingane zabantu abafudukabeqhamuka kwezinye izindawo ziyalufunda ulimi eziluthola kuleyo ndawoezifudukele kuyo. Abazali bafuna izingane zabo zifunde eduze kwalapho behlalakhona kanye nalapho abasebenza khona.Ukufuduka kudala ukuthi ezikoleni kubekhona izingane ezinemvelaphi ehlukene.ESifundazweni saseMpumalnga kuvamile ukuthi kubekhona labo abakhulumaisiZulu, isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele. Ukuhlangana kwabantu abahlukeneyongokwemvelaphi yabo kudala ukuthi kubekhona namagama athile ashabalalayokulolo nalolo lulimi.Kuye kuzwakale okhuluma isiZulu esehluleka ukuqeda inkulumo yakheengakafaki okuthile akuthathe olimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele. Izilimizigcina sezikhulunywa zixutshwa. Kubenzima kwezinye izingane ukubonaumehluko phakathi kwezilimi.Ukukhuluma ulimi oluxubile kuyazilimaza izingane emsebenzile wazo wesikole.Indlela izingane ezikhuluma ngayo kuba indlela lezi zingane ezibhala ngayo.66

3.2.3 Imingcele ehlukanisa imiphakathiESifundazweni saseMpumalanga kunedolobha lasePiet Retief elikuMasipalawaseMkhondo. Leli dolobha lincikene nomngcele wezwe laseSwazini. Ziningiizakhamuzi zezwe laseSwazini eziza kuleli dolobha lasePiet Retief. Lezizakhamuzi zaseSwazini ziza ngenhloso yokuzothenga kanye nokuzifunelaamatoho.Umphakathi wezwe laseSwazini kanye nomphakathi wasePiet Retief kuningiokuwuxhumanisayo. Le miphakathi ibuye ixhunyaniswe ngamabandla enkolo,ubuhlobo kanye nokuhwebelana.Kukhona abantu abanemindeni kwelaseSwazini kanye nasedolobheni lasePietRetief. Kukhona izingane ezivela kwelaseSwazini ezifunda ePiet Retiefnakwezinye izindawo eziseduze nomngcele. Lezi zingane zibalekakwelaseSwazini ngoba imfundo kwelaseSwazini ibiza imali eningi. KulelilaseNingizimu Afrika incane imali ekhokhwa ngabazali ezikoleni zikahulumeningenxa yemfundo esekwe ngezimali nguhulumeni.Lokhu kwenza izakhamuzi zaseSwazini ziheheke zifise ukuzofunda kulelilaseNingizimu Afrika. Babona amathuba empilo engcono, emahle kuleli zwelaseNingizimu Afrika. Abazali baseSwazini baze bazame ukuthi izingane zabozithole ubuzwe baseNingizimu Afrika.Izikole ezisezindaweni ezakhele uMasipala waseMkhondo zifundisa isiZulunjengolimi lwasekhaya. Ukufika kwezingane eziwela umngcele zivelakwelaseSwazini kudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Izingane ezivelakwelaseSwazini zifika zikhuluma ulimi lwesiSwazi, zifika nendlela yazoyokupela nokuphimisa amagama. Le ndlela idala umonakalo olimi lwesiZulu.67

Othisha abafundisa isiZulu ezinganeni ezifunda isikole kuMasipalawaseMkhondo babhekene nomthwalo wokuhlunga izingxenye zolimi lwesiSwaziemsebenzini wezingane. Amaphutha amaningi enziwa izingane adala ukuthiisivinini okufundiswa ngaso isiZulu sitotobe. Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi isikhathiesiningi othisha basichitha belungisa amaphutha enziwa abafundi esikhundlenisokufundisa:Kulukhuni ukulungisa igama negama enganenievela kwelaseSwazini. Lokhu kungabanemiphumela emibi esifundweni sesiZulu,isifundo singaqhubeki ngesivinini esifanele.Ingane ibe namahloni iphenduke unyube.(Khanyile, 2010).Izingane zivame ukuyinaka ingane efikayo esikoleni.indlela izingane ezivela kwelaseSwazini ezibiza ngayo amagama.Izingane zijatshuliswaKukhona izingane eziyaye zisebenzise amagama athile esiSwazi kube ngathiziyancokola kugcine sekungumkhuba wazo. Uyothi uthisha ebona zigcineseziziningi izingane ezisebenzisa amagama esiSwazi ekilasini.Lezi zingane zigcina sezehluleka ukupela amagama ngendlela yokubhalwakwesiZulu kodwa seziwabhala ngesiSwazi. Ulimi lwesiZulu lugcina selonakalangendlela olufundwa ngayo, olukhulunywa ngayo nangendlela olubhalwa ngayo:Abadala bathi impandla ikhula ngamanhlonhlo.Lo mkhuba wokonakala kolimi uqala kancanekancane kunganakekile ugcine ususabalele.Amanye amagama agcina esesebenzanjengamagama esiZulu kodwa kube kungewona.(Mkhize, 2010).Ezinye izingane zikhulu zazi ukuthi indabuko yokhokho bazo ikwelaseSwazini.Lokho kwenza ukuthi zibe nesifiso sokwazi ukukhuluma ulimi lwesiSwazi.Ulimi ezilukhulumayo okuyisiZulu luba sengozini yokulimala.68

Ezinye izingane ezingothathekile kubalula kuzona ukubukela phansi ulimi lwazolwendabuko:Low self-esteem, which is a reflection of whatone believes about oneself, is directly associatedwith the sense of self-doubt.(Muendane, 2006:74).Kulula ezinganeni engazethembi nengaziqhenyi ngolimi lwesiZulu ukuthi ibengusimukanandwendwe lapho ihlangana nezingane ezikhuluma ezinye izilimi.3.2.4 Imisakazo elalelwa umphakathiESifundazweni saseMpumalanga iningi lamalunga omphakathi lilalela umsakazoiGwalagwala F.M. Lona ngumsakazo osakaza ngolimi lwesiSwazi. Lo msakazousakaza kuso sonke iSifundazwe saseMpumalanga.Ikwekwezi F.M. ngomunye umsakazo osakaza kuso sonke iSifundazwesaseMpumalanga. Lo msakazo usakaza ngolimi lwesiNdebele.Umsakazo Ukhozi F.M. ungeminye yemisakazo elalelwayo ngabalalelibaseMpumalanga. Lo msakazo usakaza ngolimi lwesiZulu. Lo msakazo wabeusakaza kusukela ngesikhathi sakudala eMpumalanga. Umsakazo osakazangesiSwazi nangesiNdebele wawungakabikhona.Iningi labantu abasha liyikhonze yonke le misakazo. Liyilalela yonke. Kuncikaekutheni uhlelo olukhonzwe umuntu omusha lukumuphi umsakazo. Abanyeabasakazi sebezakhele ugazi kubantu abasha ngendlela abaphatha ngayo izinhlelozabo. Akukhathaleki ukuthi umsakazi ukumuphi umsakazo.Laba basakazi bagcina sebengamaqhawe kubalaleli babo. Intsha iyathandaukuhlala ikhuluma ngamaqhawe ayo. Intsha iyathanda ukwenza ngendlela69

amaqhawe ayo enza ngayo izinto, ize ilingise nendlela lawa maqhawe akhulumangayo.Laba basakazi basakaza izinhlelo ezahlukene emisakazweni ehlukene. Basakazaizinhlelo ezikhonzwe kakhulu abantu abasha. Kuvame ukuba izinhlelo zomculokanye nezemidlalo.Abasakazi basebenzisa ulimi ukuxhumana nabalaleli babo. Intsha iyathathekaizinhlelo zalaba basakazi ize ithatheke nalapho ilalela ulimi abalukhulumayo.Lapho umsakazi esakaza uhlelo olungaconsi phansi entsheni, esakaza ngolimilwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele, intsha engabalaleli bohlelo nayo iyozwakalaisisebenzisa amagama athize olimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele.Into eshiwo umsakazi okhonzwe umlaleli iyangena igxile emqondweni womlaleli.Indlela umsakazi aphatha ngayo uhlelo lwakhe iyawulolonga umqondo womlaleli.Umlaleli ugcina esexhumana nomsakazi amkhonzile ngokwenqondonangokomphefumulo.Umlaleli akakhohlwa iphindo lomsakazi amkhonzile nangemva kwesikhathieside. Izwi lomsakazi linomthelela kubalaleli bakhe noma sekuyisikhathi esideengasasakazi noma engasekho kulo mhlaba.Ukunkenteza kwezwi lomsakazi owayelalelwa ngumlaleli nendlela abe ekhulumangayo akupheli kumlaleli. Umsakazi unegalelo elikhulu nomthelela oliminiolukhulunywa abalaleli bakhe.70

UNgwenya, (2010) uyavumelana nokuthi amaphimbo abasakazi nendlelaababekhuluma ngayo akupheli emqondweni wabalaleli babo lapho ethi:UThetha Masombuka usezwakala emiqondweni yalabo ababemlalela ethi: GqimuGqelele. U-K.E. Masinga usezwakala emiqondweni yalabo okwakungabalalelibakhe ethi: Mkhulule! UCyril Bongani Mchunu usezwakala emiqondweni yalabookwakungabalaleli bakhe ethi: Zakhala izingcingo. UGaybon Mpanzausezwakala emiqondweni yalabo okwakungabalaleli bakhe ethi: Umculo weJazz.USaggies Thwala usezwakala emiqondweni yalabo okwakungabalaleli bakheethi: Isizwe sihubela iNkosi. UJoshua Mlaba usezwakala emiqondweni yalabookwakungabalaleli bakhe ethi: Thath’ ezakho. UHubert Sishi akalibalekiemiqondweni yalabo okwakungabalaleli bakhe ethi: Imilando yakwaZulu.UReggie Khumalo uyakhumbuleka emiqondweni yalabo okwakungabalalelibakhe ethi: Cobela kufalaza mlimi. ULindiwe Ntuli usezwakala emiqondweniyalabo okwakungabalaleli bakhe nezwi lakhe ethi: Sikhulekile ekhaya!Kuwo wonke umlaleli okhonze uhlelo oluthile emsakazweni konke okwenzekakulolo hlelo kuyahlala kugxile emqondweni wakhe. Lokhu kutshengisa amandlanendlela umsakazo ongena ugxile ngayo ezingqondweni zabalaleli abawulalelayo.Umsakazo usebenza ngolimi. Umsakazi kanye nabalaleli bakhe baxhumanangolimi.Esifundazweni saseMpumalanga le misakazo esakaza ngolimi lwesiSwazi kanyenolwesiNdebele nayo iyathandwa kakhulu ngabalaleli. Inezingwazi zayozabasakazi. Abanye abalaleli abangaconsi phansi emsakazweni wesiSwazinowesiNdebele abafundi abafunda ulimi lwesiZulu esikoleni.Laba bafundi kukhona amagama athize esiSwazi noma esiNdebele abawacoshayokulaba basakazi abayizintandokazi kubafundi. Lawa magama zigcinaseziwasebenzisa lapho zenza umsebenzi wazo wesiZulu. Ziwasebenzisa71

njengamagama esiZulu kodwa kube kungewona.Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthizisuke seziwajwayele ukuwezwa asangene agxile emigqondweni yazo:As a result of a language acquisation, the child isable to store in his memory numerousexperiences and able to think abstractly andsymbolically which is essential if children are tobenefit from instruction as school calling forsuch form of thinking.(Mwamwenda, 1990:119).Umdlalo womoya odlalwa emsakazweni abalaleli bayakwazi ukuwulandelakusukela ekuqaleni uze uyophela. Basuke bengawuboni ngamehlo enyamakodwa bewubona ngamehlo engqondo. Lokhu kutshengisa ubudlelwanoobukhona phakathi komqondo womuntu kanye nomsakazo.Ukukhuluma kwabasakazi kanye nabalingisi bomdlalo womoya kunegalelonomthelela ekulolongeni indlela abalaleli balowo msakazo abakhuluma ngayo.Izingane ezilalela kakhulu imisakazo esakaza ngesiSwazi nangesiNdebele zigcinasezikubonakalisa lokhu nalapho sezibhala noma zikhuluma esifundweni sazosesiZulu. Ukusebenzisa amagama okungewona awesiZulu esifundweni sesiZulukudala umonakalo kuleso sifundo:Izingane ezifunda imibhalo yesiZulu, zilaleleumsakazo wesiZulu zizuza okukhulumaqondana nolimi lwesiZulu yizeziseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.(Mkhize, 2010).Amagama angena agxile emqondweni wengane ngamagama ingane ehlaleiwezwa imihla ngemihla.72

3.2.5 Izinkulumo zaMakhosi nabaholiAMakhosi kanye nabaholi ngabantu abahlonishwayo emphakathini. Bayisiboneloentsheni. Intsha iyaye ibhekisise indlela aMakhosi kanye nabaholi bomphakathiabenza ngayo. Indlela aMakhosi kanye nabaholi abakhuluma ngayo inomthelelakakhulu entsheni:Leaders, in particular must set the standard andbe exemplary as they are custodians of Africanpersonality.(Muendane, 2006:151).UBaba uNelson Mandela owaphuma ejele ngonyaka we-1990, wabanguMengameli wezwe ngonyaka we-1994, engumholi okhuluma ulimilwesiXhosa, kwaba negalelo ekundlondlobaliseni nasekusabalaliseni ulimilwesiXhosa.Abantu babembona bemuzwa ekhuluma ezithangamini zabezindaba,emibuthanweni eyayiba sezinkundleni kanye nakuyo yonke imithomboyezindaba. Babethatheka ngezinto eziningi ezazikhulunywa uBaba uMandela.Iningi laze lathatheka ngolimi alukhulumayo.Kwabakhona amagama esiXhosa asabalalela kwezinye izilimi. Amagama afananaleli elithi „inkokheli‟ naleli elithi „iqabane‟ asetshenziswa ngabantu abaninginalabo abangewona amaXhosa. Babevame ukuwezwa kubaholi bawobezomzabalazo.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga iningi laMakhosi kanye nabaholiabangamalunga ePhalamende ngabantu abakhuluma isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Laba baholi banegalelo ekundlondlobaliseni nasekusabalaliseni isiSwazinesiNdebele eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.73

Lapho kunezimbizo zomphakathi kukhuluma abaholi kanye naMakhosi kusukekukhulunywa ulimi lwesiSwazi noma olwesiNdebele. Lapho kwenzeka ukuthikukhulunywa isiZulu kusuke kukhulunywa isiZulu esixubile, esixube isiSwazikanye nesiNdebele. Izingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga akukho ezikuhlomulayo maqondana nolimi.Izinkulumo zabaholi kanye naMakhosi zinomthelela ekwenzeni kwabantu.Abafundi nabo bayafisa ukuhlonishwa njengaMakhosi. Bayazama ukwenzababuye bakhulume njengaMakhosi kanye nabaholi. Ngesizathu sokuthi iningilamakhosi kanye nabaholi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abakhulumi isiZuluesihle kodwa bakhuluma isiSwazi nesiNdebele, kudaleka umonakalo olimilwesiZulu. Izingane ezifunda isiZulu esikoleni zingahlomuli:Intsha ibheke eMakhosini kanye nakubaholinjengabantu abayisibonelo esihle emphakathini.Iyashesha ukuthatheka ifise ukwenza kanyenokukhuluma njengabo.(Maseko, 2010).Ukugudluka kwengane efunda isiZulu ithatheke ngolunye ulimi kudalaumonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Ingane iyaye ithathwe ngamagama athize olimilolo. Lawo magama ambalwa ingane ethatheka ngenxa yawo avame ukudalaumonakalo olimini lwesiZulu.Amagama esiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele adala umonakalo omkhulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ukwedlula ezinye izilimi. Imbangela ukuthi isiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele sinamagama athi awafane nawolimi lwesiZulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulaenganeni ukuthi ibize igama lolimi lwesiNdebele noma lwesiSawzi ibe icabangaukuthi ibiza igama lesiZulu. Lokhu kuyayilimaza ingane esifundweni sayosesiZulu. Igcina ingane isibhala ngendlela okungeyona. Inkulumo yenganeiyaphazamiseka, ixube amagama ezilimi ezihlukene.74

3.3 Igalelo labazali3.3.1 Ukunganaki kwabazaliIningi labazali besizwe esiNsundu abakhombisi ukuba nentshisekelo nokunakaindlela ingane eqhuba ngayo olimini lwayo lwasekhaya. Bakhombisa umdlandlaezilimini zabezizwe ezifana nesiNgisi nesiBhunu. Abazali eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga abakhombisi ukunaka umthelela odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazinesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu.Abazali bathatha kalula ukuthi iyasazi isiZulu njengolimi lwayo lwasekhayangoba ikhuluma sona imihla namalanga. Abalindele inkinga engavela oliminilwesiZulu:Abazali abaningi abawalungisi amaphuthaezinganeni lapho ziphula ulimi lwesiZulu.Abanye babona kuyinto encomekayo ukuphulaulimi lwesiZulu ngoba bacabanga ukuthiizingane zabo zikwenza lokhu ngoba sezazi futhizijwayele kakhulu isilungu(Mbhatha,2010).Abazali abanaki ukuthi izingane zabo sezisikhuluma kanjani isiZulu. Lokhukwenza kubelula ekutheni ulimi lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele lube nomthelelaezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Abazali abazikhuthazi izingane ukuthi zifunde, zikhulume zibuye zibhale isiZulungendlela eseqophelweni eliphezulu:However, for any program to be successful withthis population it must incorporate a systematictraining of the children‟s parents and teachers.Parents are often unaware of the communicationdemands being placed on their children in theschool situation (Ripich noSpinelli, 1985:93).75

3.3.2 Inkuthazo kanye nokuseka kwabazaliAbazali abaningi abatshengisi umdlandla ekusekeni izingane zabo ngokuzicijaekutheni zenyuse izinga esifundweni sesiZulu njengoba benza kwezinye izifundo.Azikho izincwadi eziseceleni abazithengayo ukuze zelekelele ingane ulwazilwayo lwesiZulu luthuthuke. Kwezinye izifundo abazali bayazithengela izinganezabo izincwadi ezingeziwe bazinike usizo eziludingayo ukuze zindlondlobaleesifundweni leso. Abanye abazali baze bazihlelele izingane zabo uthishaabazomkhokhela ngasese ukuze acije izingane zabo.Abazali abakwenzi lokhu esifundweni sesiZulu. Abazikhathazi abazali ngesifundosesiZulu. Abakhathazeki abazali baseSifundazweni saseMpumalangangomonakalo odalwa isiSwazi nesiNdebele ezinganeni zabo ezifunda isiZulu:Abazali uma befika esikoleni bezobona ukuthiizingane ziqhuba kanjani, abazikhathazinokuxhumana nothisha besiZulu, bajahelaukuzwa ngempumelelo yezingane zabokwezinye izifundo. Sebengabuye badlulekuthisha wesiZulu.(Mpungose, 2010).Imitapo yolwazi lapho abazali beyizakhamuzi khona intula izincwadi zesiZulu.Uhulumeni waseMpumalanga uthumela izincwadi eziningi emitatsheni yolwaziyaboMasipala abakhele isifundazwe. Lezi zincwadi iningi lazo elibhalwe ngolimilwesiNdebele kanye nesiSwazi. Zincane izincwadi ezibhalwe ngesiZuluezithunyelwayo.Abazali abazikhathazi ukuxhumana neziphathimandla eziphethe imitapo yolwaziukuze kwandiswe izincwadi ezibhalwe ngesiZulu. Ukufunda izincwadi zesiZulukuyazikhuthaza izingane kuzicije ukuthi zibe nolwazi olukhulayo lwamagamaesiZulu. Izingane eziningi zintula ulwazi lwamagama esiZulu anembayo ngakhokezikhuluma zixube ulimi.76

Abazali abaningi abaziniki izingane zabo amazwi enkuthazo lapho ziphumelelaolimini lwesiZulu. Abenzi njengoba besuka benza kwezinye izifundo:Akuvamile ukuzwa umzali ehamba encomaingane yakhe kubangane bakhe ngokuthi athiiphumelela ngamalengiso esiZulwini kodwa umakungezinye izifundo akawuvali umlomo.(Zungu, 2010).Abazali babona isiZulu kuyisifundo ingane okumele ukuthi iphumelele kusokalula ngaphandle kwenkathazo. Lokho kwenza ukuthi izingane zinganaki futhizingazikhandli ngokwaneleyo lapho zifunda isiZulu.Lapho ingane yenza amaphutha esiZulwini ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazinesiNdebele ayikhathazeki. Nabazali bengane akubakhathazi ukubona inganeyenza amaphutha esiZulwini. Abazali bayasukuma bafune usizo uma inganeitshengisa ukwehluleka esiNgisini.3.3.3 Umonakalo owadaleka kubazaliIsikhathi sobandlululo sibe nomthelela ekutheni iningi labantu abaNsundulibukele phansi izilimi zabo. Abazali abaningi bakhule, bafunda ngesikhathisobandlululo. Abazali bakhule bazi ukuthi izilimi ezingcono nokubonakalaukuthi umuntu ufundile futhi uphucuzekile uma ezikhuluma ilezo ezabamhlophe.Umuntu okhuluma isiNgisi noma isiBhunu kahle ubehlonishwa kubonakalaukuthi ufundile. Umuntu okhuluma ulimi loMdabu kahle kwezinye izindawoakahlonishwa ngendlela emfanele. Uthathwa njengomuntu ongaphucuzekilenongafundanga.Lo monakalo owenzeka kubazali wenza ukuthi izilimi zabaNsunduzingahlonishwa emkhakheni wezemfundo. ESifundazweni saseMpumalangaisiZulu sisakhulunywa sixutshwe nesiSwazi nesiNdebele ezindaweni eziningi.77

Izingane eziningi ezifunda ezikoleni ezixube izinhlanga eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga, azisifundi isiZulu, zifunda ngesiBhunu nangesiNgisi:Lokhu kuyatshengisa ukuthi abazali abanandabangokulondolozeka nokuthuthukiswa kolimilwesiZulu. Abaluboni luyinto ebalulekileezinganeni zabo ukuthi ziyifunde ziyazi.(Khanyile, 2010).Kulezi zikole ezixube izinhlanga kukhona abazali abaNsundu abaseMkhandlwiniephethe izikole kodwa abaphakamisi ukuthi isiZulu sifundwe kulezo zikole.Kubonakala kubona kulungile ukuthi izingane zabo zifunde ngesiNgisi nomangesiBhunu. Bayaziqhenya ngesenzo sabo sokufundisa izingane zabo ezikoleniezixube izinhlanga lapho isiZulu singafundwa khona.Lokhu kwenza izingane ezifunda ezikoleni zabaNsundu zizenyeze, kube ngathikukhona izinto eziphuthelwa yizo noma ezizibambelela ngayo ngoba zifundaisiZulu.3.3.4 Imvelaphi yabazaliAbazali abawalibali amagama ezilimi lapho bedabuka khona. Abazali abadabukaeSwazini kunamagama athize esiSwazi abayohlale bewabiza okungeke kubelulaukwehlukana nawo. Kunjalo nakubazali abadabuka lapho isiNdebelesikhulunywa khona. ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga iningi lezakhamuzilidabuka ezweni laseSwazini kanti abanye badabuka endaweni eyabe yaziwangesabelo sakwaNdebele.Laba bazali nakuba izingane zabo zifunda isiZulu ezikoleni kodwa kukhonaamagama esiSwazi nesiNdebele abavame ukuwasebenzisa. Lawa magama agcinaesengene agxila emqondweni wezingane. Izingane zigcina seziwasebenzisa lawamagama lapho zikhuluma noma zibhala isiZulu. Lokhu kuyazikhinyabezaizingane esifundweni sazo sesiZulu.78

Abazali abakhuluma ulimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele emakhaya abakwaziukuzisiza izingane zabo ezifunda isiZulu ngomsebenzi wazo wezikole.Imiphumela yezingane ezingasekelwa ngabazali emakhaya ayimihle njengaleyoyezingane ezithola ukusekwa emakhaya.Parents are children‟s first teachers and shouldremain instructional partners throughout thelearning years.(Salinger, 1988:291).Izingane ezizalwa ngabazali abasikhulumayo isiZulu futhi abasithandayo zenzakahle kakhulu esifundweni sesiZulu, zithola imiphumela emihle. Zisikhuluma,zisibhale, zibuye zisifunde kahle isiZulu. Akulula ukuthi lezo zingane zingenweumthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebele nakuba ziseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.3.3.5 Amasiko nemigubho emakhayaAmaSwazi namaNdebele anemigubho ebandakanya amasiko ayigubhayoezindaweni eziningi zeSifundazwe saseMpumalanga. Kule migubho kuningiokwenziwayo okuhlanganisa amalunga omphakathi kubandakanya nentsha.Lapho kwenziwa imigubho ethinta amaNdebele ulimi olusuke lusetshenziswalapho kusuke kuwulimi lwesiNdebele. Intsha efunda isiZulu ezikolenieSifundazweni saseMpumalanga nayo iyaba ingxenye yale migubho.Kuningi okuthokozisa intsha okwenzeka kule migubho. Intsha igcina isinesasasalale migubho. Kule migubho kugcinwa namasiko athize amasiko ahambisananolimi. Intsha igcina isithathekile indlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo kule migubho.Intsha efunda isiZulu ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga igcina isizuzeamagama athize esiSwazi noma esiNdebele kule migubho. Kule migubho kusukekwenziwa izinto ezithinta isiSwazini noma isiNdebele. Kuyaculwa amaculoesiSwazi noma esiNdebele. Intsha kukhona izinto ezifundayo eziphathelene79

namasiko kanye nendlela yokuziphatha.aphathelane nesizwe samaNdebele noma esamaSwazi.Intsha isuke ifundiswa amasikoIntsha ngokuba nentshisekelo kule migubho igcina isinentshisekelo oliminiolukhulunywayo kule migubho. Kusuke kukhulunywa ulimi lwesiSwazinesiNdebele kule migubho:Social communication depends up the culture towhich an individual belongs. Like most socialskills it is learned first in the family, then in thepeer group and then in the community.(Durojaiye,1988:209).Intsha ayigcini kuphela ngokuthola imfundiso yolimi ezikoleni kanye nasekhaya.Ibuye ithole imfundiso enkulu emaqondana nolimi emphakathini. Emphakathiniilapho intsha ifike khona ihlangane nabantu abaningi.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga miningi imigubho ehlelwa ngamaSwazi kanyenamaNdebele:Esizweni samaNdebele kunesikhathi laphokunomgubho wokubuya kwamasokana entabeni.Lapho kulowo mgubho kugcwala abantuabaningi ngisho nabangewona amaNdebele.(Mahlangu, 2010).Isiko eliqhutshwayo emphakathini liyathintana nendlela okuxhunyanwa ngayoemphakathini. Lapho kuqhutshwa usiko lwesiNdebele nomphakathi uxhumanangolimi lwesiNdebele:The society or culture within which arelationship develops reflects certain guidelinesor teachings about how people are expected tobehave in various types of relationships. Theextent to which a person is exposed to theseguidelines and the extent to which he or she80

subscribes to them will affect the type ofcommunication behaviour we exhibit with ourrelationship partners.(Knapp, 1984:87).Abazali bayazikhuthaza izingane zabo ukuthi zihambele le migubho ngobakuningi okuhle nokuwusizo okufundiswa izingane. Izingane azigcini ngokutholaizimfundiso ezinhle, zibuye zithole okuningi okuthinta ulimi lwesiSwazi nomalwesiNdebele.Izimfundiso ezitholwa izingane kule migubho azibi lusizo kubo abafunda isiZuluesikoleni. Izingane zifunda amagama amaningi okungewona awesiZulu kulemigubho. Amagama eziwafundile zigcina seziwasebenzisa ekilasini laphozikhuluma, zifunda noma zibhala. Lokho kudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu,imiphumela ingabi mihle. Izingane ziba nolwazisisekelo olwesiSwazi nomaolwesiNdebele zintule olwesiZulu.3.4 Imisebenzi eyenziwa isizwe3.4.1 Ukunganakwa kwezilimi zabomdabuIsiSwazi nesiNdebele zidala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ngoba izilimi zaboMdabu azinakwa ngokuphelele. Umonakaloowenziwa olimini loMdabu awuhlahlelwa amehlo, ugxekwe ngabanikazi bolimi.Izilimi zaboMdabu azinikezwa ithuba lokuthi zisetshenziswe ngenkululeko.Lokhu kuyabonakala ezikoleni, emsebenzini kanye nasezindaweni eziningi laphokusuke kuhlangene khona amalunga omphakathi.Kukhona izikole eziyaye zishaye umthetho wokuthi izingane kumele zikhulumeisiNgisi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba kufunwa ukuthi izinganezisazi kahle isiNgisi. Kuyenzeka lokhu nasezikoleni eSifundazweni81

saseMpumalanga lapho izingane zifunda isiZulu. IsiZulu siyadediswa kuthiweizingane mazingasikhulumi esikhundleni sazo kukhulunywe isiNgisi.Kwezinye izikole izingane ezingakhulumi isiNgisi ezizwakala zikhuluma isiZulunoma olunye ulimi lomdabu ziyajeziswa.Lokhu kufakazelwa uMotswaledi, (2005:48) lapho ethi:Our principal, Timo was a strict disciplinarian,he probably wanted to encourage us to use theEnglish language, the queen‟s language whichmost educated blacks revered so much.Othisha abaningi bayaye babonakale bakwesaba ukuthi izingane zikhulunyiswengesiNgisi. Izingane ezikhuluma kahle isiNgisi ziyanconywa zithandwengothisha. Zithola udumo kothisha zihlonishwe nangezinye izingane. Kwezinyeizikole izingane ezikhuluma kahle isiNgisi ziyaklonyeliswa. Akukho ukunakwakwezingane ezikhuluma kahle isiZulu ezikoleni.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga ziningi izingane ezinamaphutha laphozikhuluma isiZulu. Amaphutha amaningi abangwa ukuxuba ulimi lwesiSwazi,isiNdebele nesiZulu. Othisha abanakile, abasukumi bakhuthaze izingane ukuthizikhulume isiZulu ngendlela njengoba benza esiNgisini.EsiNgisini othisha bayaye basukume ngobuningi ukwelekelela lezo zinganeezisuke zinenkinga. Othisha bawushaya indiva umonakalo owenzeka esiZulwiniodalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele ezikoleni eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Othisha abakhathazeka ngalo monakalo ilabo abafundisaisiZulu.Izinkulumo-mpikiswano eziqhutshwa ngolimi lwesiZulu azenzelwa esidlangalenilapho kukhona abafundi abaningi, zenzelwa ekilasini lapho kukhona abafundi82

abayingcosana. Izinkulumo-mpendulwano zesiNgisi zenzelwa emahholo laphokugcwele khona bonke abafundi. Kwezinye izikole azenziwa izinkulumompikiswanozesiZulu.Lokhu kwenza abafundi basibone isiZulu njengolimi olungabalulekile,zisikhulume ngokunganaki, zingabi namahloni lapho zenza amaphutha. Izinganezikhuluma isiZulu zisixube nesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga, zingaqikeleli njengoba zisuke zenzaesiNgisini.Bambalwa abahlolelwa ikhono ngolimi lwesiZulu lapho kunesidingo sokubabahlolwe ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi othile. Abanye bayalenqaba ithubaabalinikwayo lokuhlolwa ngesiZulu. Iningi lama-Afrika liyazenyeza ngezilimizawo:Invariably, when an African gives a speech andhe or she chooses to speak in an Africanlanguage, he or she will sincerely apologise forspeaking in isiZulu or any other Africanlanguage. I have never heard of a German orEnglish man or woman apologises for speakingto his or her people in his or her own language,which he or she shares with them.(Muendane, 2006:58).Lapho ama-Afrika ekhuluma ulimi lawo ngendlela efanele aye abone ukuthilokho kuyawehlisa. Abanye bayaye balukhulume baluxube ulimi ukuzebabonakale njengabantu abafundile emehlweni abanye abantu.UMuendane, ( 2006:150 ) uqhuba athi:It is quite common for Africans to address anentirely African audience at funerals andweddings in English, and feel elevated in statusby this action.83

Akulula ukulungisa umonakalo odaleka ezilimini zethu uma indlela esicabangangayo ngezilimi zethu ingakalungi. Umonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazinolwesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalangakunzima ukuwulungisa, imbangela yalokho indlela iningi elicabanga ngayomayelana nezilimi zabaNsundu.Kunesidingo esikhulu sokuthi ama-Afrika aguqule indlela acabanga ngayomayelana nezilimi zawo.3.4.2 Ukunakwa kakhulu Kwezifundo ZobuchwephesheESifundazweni saseMpumalanga akubonakali kukhona imali eningi efakwaesifundweni sesiZulu ukulwa nomonakalo odaleka esiZulwini. IsiZulu kanyenezinye izilimi zoMdabu azithuthukiswa ngendlela okwenzeka ngayoezifundweni zobuchwepheshe.Ezikoleni kubonakala izifundo zobuchwepheshe kuyizona ezidla ubhedu.Ukunakwa kakhulu kudala ukuthi izifundo ezifana nesiZulu zibonakalezinganakekile kangakho.Izifundo zobuchwepheshe zinikwa isikhathi esiningi nokunakwa okukhulu.Abafundi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi benze kahle kakhulu ezifundwenizobuchwepheshe nangabemithombo yezindaba.Isifundo sesiZulu asitholi ukunakwa njengezifundo zobuchwepheshe ezikolenikanye naseZikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme. Umonakalo owenzekaezifundweni zobuchwepheshe kuzanywa ngawo wonke amandla ukuthi kuliwenawo. Kuchithwa izimali eziningi ukubhekana nezinselelo ezimelene nezifundozobuchwepheshe.84

Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme bambalwa uma bengekho abahlinzekaabafundi abafunda isiZulu ngemifundaze. Imifundaze eminingi yabelwa abafundiabenza izifundo zobuchwepheshe. Lokho kwenza abafundi abaningi bakhombiseumdlandla ezifundweni zobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kwesiZulu. Ezikoleni abanyeabafundi bazinika isikhathi esincane sokufunda isiZulu ngoba ikusasa labobelibeke ezifundweni zobuchwepheshe.Umonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga kunzima ukuwulungisa ngaphandlekokuzinikela kwabafundi nezimali ezanele zokusekela abafundi.Ezikoleni lapho kwenziwa uhlelo lokwabiwa kwezimali eminyangweni yezifundoezikhona incane imali eyabelwa izilimi zoMdabu. Imali eningi yabelwa izifundozobuchwepheshe:Kunesidingo sokuthi imali ifakwe kakhulunasezilimini zomdabu. Izingane kanye nabadalabafunde bagogode ngolimi lwabo ukuzekulondolozwe isizwe. Ukulonda ulimi, ukulondaisizwe. Ukushabalalisa ulimi, ukushabalalisaisizwe.(Mkhize, 2010).Akusiyo into embi ukufaka imali ezifundweni zobuchwepheshe kodwa izilimizaboMdabu kuhle nazo zibhekelelwe zingabukelwa phansi.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane eziningi zichitha isikhathi esiningizifunda izincwadi eziphathelene nezifundo zobuchwepheshe. Imbangela yalokhoukugqugquzelwa izingane ezikuthola kothisha, abazali kanye namanye amalungaomphakathi. Zigqugquzelwa nawukubakhona kwemifundaze.Izilimi zomdabu zisalela emuva. Umonakalo odaleka ezilimini zoMdabu uyangokuya wanda. Izimali ezihlinzekelwa ukulwa nalo monakalo azibonwa.85

3.4.3 Ukungabandakanywa kwesiZulu kwezeSayensi uBuchwepheshenakweZomnothoIsiZulu kanye nezinye izilimi zaboMdabu azibandakanywa nezifundoeziwumgogodla wezomnotho. Lezi zifundo zifundwa ngesiNgisi kanyenesiBhunu. Isayensi, uBuchwepheshe, eZomnotho, izibalo kanyeneZamabhizinisi zingafundwa ngesiZulu njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izilimi.Emazweni amaningi omhlaba athuthukile zonke izifundo zifundwa ngolimilwasekhaya.Ezweni laseNtaliyane zonke izifundo zifundwa ngesiNtaliyane, kanjalo eFulansinaseJalimane. Kulula ukuthi kube nomonakalo odalekayo olimini uma ulimilungasetshenziswa ekufundeni ngokuphelele. ESifundazweni saseMpumalangaizingane zisifunda isiZulu kanye ngosuku, azihlangani naso kwezinye izifundo.Izifundo ezinye zenziwa ngesiNgisi ngakho-ke izingane zijwayela ukwenzaisiNgisi. IsiZulu zisixuba nesiSwazi nesiNdebele lapho zithola ithubalokusikhuluma noma lokusifunda.Amazwe amaningi athuthukile ayazithanda izilimi zawo futhi ayazihlonipha.Ngaphezu kwakho konke lawa mazwe ayazethemba izilimi zawo. Akukho ulimiolubonakala lungcono kunezilimi zabo. Bayakwazi ukwenza izinto zenzekengezilimi zabo:The Afrikaners have text in several subjects,including physical science, psychology,mathematics and geography, apart from novels,drama and poetry in their own language. YetAfrikaans as an academic is hardly 120 yearsold. They take their language so seriously suchthat all products, from baby food to tombstonesbear their language as well as English in SouthAfrika.(Muendane, 2006:62).86

Ukubandakanywa kwesiZulu ekufundisweni kwazo zonke ezinye izifundokungenza ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kwaso (isiZulu) kukhule. Abafundi uma besibonaisiZulu sisetshenziswa ukufunda zonke izifundo, sisebenza ngokubanzi phakathikwesizwe kungenza abafundi babe nomdlandla basifunde ngokuzimisela. IsiZulusingaba ingxenye yempilo kawonkewonke.Emikhakheni eminingi yezifundo ezifundwa Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme,kuyaye kufuneke umfundi aphumelele kahle olimini lwesiNgisi. Lokhukubangelwa ukuthi zonke izifundo uzozifunda ngesiNgisi. Izifundo zonke umazingafundiswa ngesiZulu naseZikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme izinganezingaqikelela lapho zifunda isiZulu. Abafundi abaphumelele kahle esiZulwinibathola amathuba angcono. Ukufundwa nokufundiswa kwesiZulu kube sezingenieliphezulu.Umonakalo owenzeka olimini lwesiZulu nakwezinye izilimi zoMdabu udalwaukuthi aboMdabu, abazethembi izilimi zabo:All languages are capable of development intofully-functional modern languages, given thepolitical, social and educational will to see thatthese languages enjoy their rightful status androle.Heugh nabanye, 1995:64).Lapho abomdabu bakuleli bangalwela ukubandakanya izilimi zabo kuzo zonkeizifundo nasekuqhutshweni kwebhizinisi, umhlaba ungaqala ukubahloniphaabantu boMdabu bakuleli zwe.Amazwe omhlaba angabona ukuthi siyazethemba, asizibukeli phansi izilimi zethuuma sizisebenzisa emfundweni yethu. Abantu bamazwe ngamazwe bazofisaukulufunda ulimi lwethu uma silubandakanya nakwezomnotho ukuze bakwaziukwenza uhwebo nezwe lakithi:87

Ukukhula kwesithunzi solimi lwethu kuzokushoukukhula kwesithunzi sethu uqobo.(Manzini, 2010).Umonakalo owenzeka ezilimini zethu oqonde ukuzishabalalisa uyonyamalala.Umonakalo owenzeka olimini lwesiZulu ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazinesiNdebele uyoncipha ngoba abantu bayozikhuluma izilimi zabo ngokuzethembanangokuqikelela.3.4.4 Masibonakale isiZulu nasemikhiqizweniUmonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulu udalwa izilimi ezifana nesiSwazinesiNdebele owenza ukuthi ulimi lwesiZulu lungabhalwa ngendlela,lungakhulunywa ngendlela futhi lungafundwa ngendlela, udalwa ukuthi ama-Afrika angabanini bolimi awazihloniphi izilimi zawo.IsiZulu asibonakali sibhaliwe emikhiqizweni eminingi ekhiqhizwa kuleli zwe.Imiyalelo eminingi ebhalwa emikhiqhizweni ibhalwa ngesiNgisi, imbalwaimikhiqizo ebhalwa ngesiZulu nangezinye izilimi zaboMdabu:KiSwahili does feature on packages that are donein Kenya and Tanzania, the reason is thatKiSwahili speakers take their langueagesseriously.(Muendane, 2006:62).Ukufundwa kwesiZulu angeke kugcine ngokufundwa esikoleni kuphela umasitholakala sibhaliwe nasemikhiqizweni. Abantu bayothola ukufunda isiZulunasemikhiqhizweni abayisebenzisayo. Imikhiqizo eminingi isetshenziswa abantuabaNsundu njengoba kuyibona abaningi kuleli zwe kodwa imiyalaleloyokusebenza kwaleyo mikhiqhizo ayibhalwa ngezilimi zabantu abaNsundu.88

Lokhu kufakazelwa nanguMuendane, (2006:62):I often buy high tech products, such ascomputers, cameras etcetera. Where severallanguages are used in the manuals to guide thebuyer in assembling these machines, there ishardly any trace of any African language. Thereason is that we do not take ourselves seriously.How can others then take us seriously andacknowledge our languages?Ukubhalwa kwesiZulu emikhiqizweni kungenza isiZulu sisabalale nezwe lonkesibuye sihlonishwe amazwe omhlaba. Abantu abafuna ukuzodayisa imikhiqizoyabo kuleli bayosibona isidingo sokuzofunda isiZulu kanye nezinye izilimizaboMdabu ukuze imikhiqizo yabo idayiseke.Ulimi olusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni luyahlonipheka, abaninilo baziwa umhlabawonke. Intsha iyokhuthala ukulufunda, ilufunde ngokucophelelanangokuziqhenya.3.4.5 Izexwayiso, izikhangiso kanye nezasizoUmonakalo odaleka esiZulwini ngenxa yomthelela wesiSwazi nesiNdebeleezikoleni zasesifundazweni saseMpumalanga uye udaleke ngenxa yokuthiizingane zihlale zibona izikhangiso, izixwayiso kanye nezaziso ezibhalwe ngolimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Lezi zixwayiso nezikhangiso kanye nezaziso zibonakala ezinkantolo,emtholampilo, ezibhedlela, eziteshini zamaphoyisa kanye nasezikoleni. Lokhoingane ehlale ikubona imihla ngemihla kuyakhela emqondweni wengane.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga imibhalo eminingi ebonakala eZikhungwenizikaHulumeni ibhalwa ngezilimi zabamhlophe okuyisiNgisi nesiBhunu umakuwulimi lwesintu kuvame ukuba kube isiNdebele kanye nesiSwazi.89

Ingane ibona indlela amagama abhalwa ngayo. Ingane ehlala ibona isexwayisoesithi:Caphela emarabi ayabulala!Leyo ngane iyoba sengozini yokwehluleka ukubhala nokupela igama elithi„qaphela‟ ngesiZulu ngoba yona ihlala ibona igama elithi „caphela‟. Inganeisebenzisa amehlo ayo ukubuka lokho ekubonayo kuyagcineka emqondweniwengane. Izingane zifunda kangcono ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zazookungezokubuka, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukuthinta kanye nokunambitha.Lokhu kufakazelwa nguDurojaiye, (1988:148):The development of intelligence depends uponthe development of sense organs, the eyes andears and the organs of taste, smell, touch andbalance. It is through the senses that we receiveenvironmental stimulation and sense perceptionsand judgement are important consequences ofgood and efficient sense organs.Amehlo ayabona, izindlebe ziyezwa. Lapho ingane ihamba khona ihamba ibonaimibhalo, izwa nabanye beyifunda le mibhalo. Lokho ingane ekubonile, yakuzwakuzoba ingxenye yolwazi lwayo.3.5 Umphakathi3.5.1 Umphakathi nezinkolelo zawoESifundazweni saseMpumalanga kukhona umphakathi osakholelwa kakhuluukuthi wona ungamaSwazi, abanye bakholelwa kakhulu ukuthi bonabangamaNdebele.90

Lawa malunga omphakathi awazimisele ukuhlukana nalokho akholelwa ukuthiayikho. Leyo nkolelo ize ingene ezinganeni ezingamaNdebele nezingamaSwaziezifunda isiZulu.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane ezithola imfundiso emakhayaegcizelela ukuthi zingamaSwazi noma zingamaNdebele azibinakho ukuzinikelangokuphelele lapho zifunda isiZulu. Lezi zingane zibanakho ukuzenyezanokuzithethelela lapho zihlulwa utho ekufundweni kwesiZulu.Kuvamile ngokusho kukaSimelane, (2010) ukuzwa ingane esifundenisaseMpumalanga ithi:Vele kwethu singamaSwazi nomasingamaNdebele angeke ngizazi izinto zesiZuluesijulile njengomuntu wakwaZulu.Lezi zingane azikutholi ukusekwa okuyikho lapho zihlangana nezinselelo ngenxayokuthi abazali bakholelwa kuloku abayikho futhi bayakuthanda, bayaziqhenyangakho.Kubalula enganeni ukuthi ikhulume isiZulu ngendlela exube isiSwazi nomaisiNdebele ngoba isuke ilandela abazali bayo:The values and language of the school are oftennot shared by the home of parents see the need tosend children to school but they do not often seethe need for encoranging children to do well atschool. Nor do they often see the need forproviding facilities and opportunities at home forthe school child to support what he has learnt atschool.(Durojaiye,1988:02).Umphakathi kumele ukwamukele futhi ukwazi ukuthi izilimi zawo zibalulekilenjengezilimi zabamhlophe isiNgisi kanye nezinye.Ingane kumele ithole91

ukusekwa okwanele lapho ifunda isiZulu njengoba kwenzeka kulezo ezifundaisiNgisi. Lapho izingane ezifunda isiZulu zintula ukwesekwa othisha kanyenabazali umonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulu uyakhula.3.5.2 Izindawo namagugu kaZuluESifundazweni saseMpumalanga azikho izindawo eziqukethe umlando kanyenamagugu kaZulu. Umphakathi waseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ukudenezindawo eziqukethe umlando lapho uZulu ayelwa khona izimpi. Izigodlokanye namaliba aMakhosi namaqhawe kaZulu awekho eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga:Intaba iSandlwana ikwaZulu. Yilapho uZuluanqoba khona amaNgisi ngesikhathi seNkosiuCetshwayo. Ngokwazi lowo mlando ulwazimagama umfundo analo lungathuthuka.(Nhleko, 2010).Umlando wesizwe uxhumene nolimi lwesizwe. Umlando wesizwe ngaphandlekolimi lwesizwe awulandeleki. Ulimi luyigugu lesizwe. Izindawo eziqhuketheumlando kanye namagugu kaZulu ziseSifundazweni sakwaZulu-Natal.Ukuvakashela nokuhambela izindawo zomlando kanye namagugu kaZulukuyabiza, kuyizindleko emphakathini waseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Amagugu kaZulu abandakanya imvunulo. Ukuvunula kukaZulu kwakha ugqozikwenza okubonayo abe nentshisekelo yokufuna ukwazi kabanzi lapho ebonaimvunulo yezintombi nezinsizwa, eyabanumzane kanye namakhosikazi kubuyaizinkumbulo zesikhathi esidlule. Kubizwa ngamagama konke okuyingxenyeyemvunulo ngakho kuyingxenye yolimi:92

UCox, (1988:57) uthi:Vocabulary development is made possible bythe relevant whole language environment.Umfundi owazi imvunulo kaZulu, okuthi konke okuyingxenye yemvunuloakubize ngamagama uyanotha ngolimi. Kuyena kugcwala ukuziqhenya ngolimialangazelele ukusazi isiZulu nasekujuleni kwaso. ESifundazwenisaseMpumalanga iningi lezingane livame ukubona imvunulo yamaNdebele kanyeneyamaSwazi. Imvunulo kaZulu ayivamile ukubonakala. Lokhu kudala ukuthilezi zingane zilangazelele ukwazi izinto zamaSwazi kanye namaNdebele, lokhukudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu.Amagugu kaZulu abandakanya amahubo kanye nezingoma zikaZulu.Kunezingoma okuthi lapho uZulu ezihaya kuvuke usinga. Lezi zingoma ziculwangamagama athize. Lawo magama athathwe olimini ngakho-ke nazo ziyingxenyeyolimi. Umfundi okwaziyo ukuzihaya lezi zingoma uzuza ulwazi-magamaolungezelela kwanalo. Lapho ebhala nalapho ekhuluma esebenzisa ulwazimagamaaluzuzile kubakhona umehluko.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga amahubo nezingoma izingane ezivameukuzizwa ilezo ezihutshwa neziculwa ngesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele. Lokhukuyangena kujule emqondweni wengane, ingane igcina isisebenzisa amagamaewezwe kuhutshwa noma kuculwa ngaphandle kokuqaphela ulimiolusebenzisiwe. Ingane efunda isiZulu igcine isisebenzisa amagama esiNdebelenawesiSwazi ngenxa yomthelela wehubo noma wengoma ingane ezibandakanyenayo. Ukungazibandakanyi nezinto ezinamagugu kaZulu kudala umonakaloolimini lwesiZulu.Izinto ezingamagugu esiSwazi nesiNdebele zinomthelela kumonakalo odalekaolimini lwesiZulu.Abafundi abafunda isiZulu abazibandakanya namagugu93

esiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele bazuza amagama abagcina sebewasebenzisa oliminilwesiZulu ezikoleni. Lokho kudala umonakalo.Izibongo zaMakhosi ziyingxenye yamagugu esizwe. Ekubongeleni iNkosiumfundi kuningi akufundayo ngomlando, ngeNkosi kanye nolimi. Izingane ezaziaMakhosi nomlando kaZulu, zihlomula kangcono olimini lwesiZulu ukudlulaizingane ezinganaki lutho okungamagugu kaZulu.3.5.3 Imitapo yolwaziEmitatsheni yolwazi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga izincwadi ezibhalwengolimi lwesiZulu ziyindlala. Umphakathi awukukhathalele ukuhlala emitatsheniyolwazi ifunde izincwadi zesiZulu. Bambalwa abafundi abatholakala befundaizincwadi zesiZulu. Izincwadi zesiZulu ezitholakala emtatsheni yolwazi ilezozincwadi ezindala abafundi abangasanalo isasasa lokuzifunda.Izincwadi eziningi ezithunyelwa uhulumeni weSifundazwe saseMpumalangaemitatsheni yolwazi ilezo ezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Izinganeezifunda isiZulu ezihambela imitapo yolwazi eSifundazweni saseMpumalangazigcine sezihehekile zafunda izincwadi ezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiSwazi nomalwesiNdebele. Imbangela yalokho ukuthi ziningi izincwadi zolimi lwesiSwazikanye nesiNdebele kunalezo zolimi lwesiZulu.Izingane zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ezifunda isiZulu azinayo inkingayokufunda imibhalo ebhalwe ngolimi lwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele. Lokhukubangelwa ukuthi lezi zilimi zizejwayele ukuzizwa zikhulunywa emphakathini.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu ezijwayele ukufunda imibhalo ebhalwe ngolimilwesiSwazi noma lwesiNdebele zigcina sezipela amagama ngendlela okungeyonaeyesiZulu:94

Othisha kumele bakhuthaze abafundi ukuthibavakashele imitapo yolwazi, bafunde izincwadiezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiZulu ukuze ukufundakwabo kube sezingeni elingcono.(Madonsela, 2010).Othisha abafundisa isiZulu abavamile ukunika abafundi imisebenzi yasekhayaenezinselelo ezidinga ukuba bavakashele (abafundi) emtatsheni yolwazi.Ukwanda kwabafundi abafunda izincwadi zesiZulu emtatsheni wolwazikungasiveza obala isidingo sezincwdi zesiZulu ezanele.Umphakathi awuzikhathazi ngokusebenzisa umtapo wolwazi ngendlelaezokhuthaza abantu abasha ukuthi bathande ukufunda. Umphakathiongakhuthaza uhulumeni ukuba asize mayelana nezincwadi ezidingekayo.Umonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulu udalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebeleubangelwa ukuthi abafundi abachithi isikhathi esiningi emitatsheni yolwazibafunda isiZulu. Abafundi abazijwayezi ukuhlala befunda izincwadi zesiZulu.Ukufunda kuzokwandisa ulwazi abafundi abanalo, bakwazi ukuzibonelaumehluko okhona phakathi kwesiZulu kanye nezinye izilimi, kuvimbekeumonakalo ongadaleka.Umtapo wolwazi uyisikhungo esibalulekile umphathi okumele ukhuthaleleukusisebenzisa ngoba ilapho lugcinwe khona ulwazi olungumgogodla wesizwe.3.5.4 Ukwanda kwemijondoloUkwanda kwemijondolo kusho ukwanda kwabantu abaningi abaqhamukaezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ezindaweni ezingamadolobha eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga miningi imijondolo eyakhiwayo.Kule mijondolo kuhlala abantu abaningi. Iningi labantu abahlala emijondoloabazibandakanyi nokugcina nokulandela amasiko ohlanga oluthile. Baziphilela95

impilo yabo engenamingcele.alunamigomo namingcele:Kanjalo nolimi abalukhulumayo emijondoloIningi lentsha ekhuluma isitsotsi lihlalaemijondolo. Indaba yolimi oluphusile kaliyinaki.(Bhengu, 2010).Imvelaphi yabo (abantu basemjondolo) ayibalawuli ukuthi kumele bakhulumekanjani kodwa balawulwa isimo ababhekene naso ngaleso sikhathi abaphilangaphansi kwaso. Impilo yasemjondolo impilo yabantu abakhungethwe ububha.Laba ngabantu abenza noma yini noma kanjani ukuze impilo iqhubeke.Bazama ngawo wonke amandla abanawo ukuxhumana nanoma ngubani ongabekaisinkwa phambi kwabo. Ngakho-ke ulimi olukhulunywa emijondolo luxubilealunamigomo. IsiZulu esikhulunywayo isiZulu esixube ezinye izilimi.Iningi lezingane ezihlala emjondolo zisheshe ziyeke isikole ngenxa yezinselelozempilo ezibhekana nazo. Iningi lezingane liyephuza ukungena esikoleni ngenxayokuba kude kwezikole kanti abaningi abafundi bayayeka ezikoleni:It is clear that low intelligence and low socioeconomicstatus are important factors indropping out of scool.(Roberts, 1967:548).Izingane ezifunda isikole amakhaya ebe esemjondolo zibhekene nenkingayokuswela ukusekwa. Indawo lezi zingane ezihlala kuyo ayikulungele ukubaumfundi afunde. Ingane efundiswa isiZulu esikoleni ifike ekhaya ihlangabezanenolimi olungenamgomo, olunesiSwazi nesiNdebele, kudaleke umonakalo oliminilwayo.Kunezimo eziphoqa abantu basemjondolo ukuthi bangahlali endaweni eyodwaisikhathi eside.Lokhu kudala ukuthi ingane ehlala emjondolo engumfundi96

ihlangabezane nezimo eziningi eziyiphoqayo ukuthi ihlale iguquguqula indlelaekhuluma ngayo ukuze ilungele ukuhlala noma ikuphi. Lapho umjondolouthuthukela endaweni egcwele amaSwazi noma amaNdebele, ingane iyothelelekaolimini lwayo lwesiZulu ngesiSwazi noma ngesiNdebele.Imijondolo igcwele abantu abasuka ezindaweni ezihlukene abeze eduzenezindawo ezingamadolobha ukuze bazitholele amathuba angcono empilweni.Laba bantu basuke bezimisele ukufunda noma iluphi ulimi ukuze babe namathubaangcono. Ukuntula ulwazi ngolimi oluthile kungabanciphisela amathuba. Indlelaengcono kubo ukuze baxhumane nomphakathi ukukhuluma ulimi oluxubile.Ulimi oluxubile olukhulunywa umphakathi wasemjondolo ludala umonakaloolimini lwesiZulu. Izingane ezincane ezikhulayo ezikhulela emjondolo zikhulazingenaso isisekelo esiqinileyo solimi lwesiZulu:Most educators believed that poor children‟sbasic problems could be traced to their valuesystems and their confusing and depressingenvironments. For the child to succeed in schoolwould mean rejecting his background.(Jeffrey, 1978:12).Ulimi olukhulunywa umphakathi ulimi oluhambisana nenhlonipho;ngokukhuluma ulimi oluxubile uyalahleka umsoco oqukethwe ulimi;kuluphuphise ulimi. Ukuxuba isiZulu nezinye izilimi okuvame ukwenzekaezindaweni eziyimijondolo kudala umonakalo esiZulwini.Kudala ukuthi izingane zihluleke ukufunda, ukukhuluma nokubhala isiZuluezikoleni.97

3.5.5 Igebe phakathi kwentsha nabadalaKukhona igebe elikhona phakathi kwabantu abasha kanye nabadala. Abadalaabasasitholi isikhathi esanele sokuhlala baxoxe nentsha njengoba kwakwenzekakuqala. Kuqala kwakuba nesikhathi lapho isalukazi sasekhaya sasiba nesikhathisokuhlala sixoxele abazukulu izinganekwane.Kuningi okwakuhlonyulwa intsha yangaleso sikhathi.Babethola isifundoesasizoba usizo empilweni babuye bathole indlela efaneleyo yokukhuluma ulimi:Umfundi wabe elalela ezwe impimiso efaneleyoyamagama nendlela yokwethula inkulumongenkathi isalukazi esingugogo wengane sixoxa.(Masondo, 2010).Lokhu kuxoxelana okwakwenzeka phakathi kwabadala kanye nabashakwakululolonga ulimi lwengane. Ingane yabe ilufunda kabanzi ulimi. Izinganezanamuhla zichitha isikhathi esiningi zizodwa, akekho ozisizayo noziqondisayongendlela yokukhuluma ulimi lwesiZulu. Abakwaziyo nabakufundile kubayilokho abakuzuze esikoleni kothisha.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga nezingane ezingamalunga emindeni laphoisiZulu sikhulunywa kahle khona zigcina sezikhuluma isiZulu esixube isiSwazikanye nesiNdebele. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi lezi zingane azichithi isikhathiesiningi zihleli namalunga amadala emindeni. Isikhathi esiningi basichithabehleli nontanga.Eminye imindeni ayisenabo abantu abadala abanolwazi olujulile lolimi lwesiZulu.Abanye abantu abadala bayasuswa phakathi kwemindeni bayohlaliswa bodwaemakhaya abadala. Ngalesi senzo abantu abasha besuke bexosha umtapowolwazi ekhaya:98

Kusweleka umuntu ozokhuza ngomonakaloodaleka olimini uma kunegebe phakathikwentsha nabadala. Ulimi lwethu (isiZulu)luyashabalala emakhaya kukhule izilimizabezizwe.(Mdlalose, 2010).Umonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulu ubangelwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Udaleka kalula uma ekhaya kungekho abantu abadala abazi isiZulu okuxoxwanabo zikhathi zonke. Abantu abadala bayakhuza lapho izinto zonakala. Intshaiyancedakala kubantu abadala ngokuthola ulwazi lwamagama athile kanyenokwelulekwa ngendlela okumele kukhulunywe ngayo.Indawo yabantu abadala emakhaya ithathwe imisakazo kanye nomabonakude.Esikhundleni sokuthi abantu abasha bahlale nababtu abadala, bachitha isikhathiesiningi belalele imisakazo, bebukela omabonakude. Ekulaleleni nasekubukenikwabo kuncane abakuzuzayo okuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo olimini lwesiZulu.Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi bebukela omabonakude belalela nemisakazokudaleka umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Izinhlelo ezifundisa ngolimi zimbalwaemsakazweni kanye nakumabonakude. Intsha ilalela imisakazo esakaza ngezilimiezihlukene. Umabonakude unezinhlelo eziningi eziqhutshwa ngolimi oluxubile.Ukuxhumana phakathi kwentsha nabadala kuqukethe inkulumo-mpendulwanoabasha abangazuza okuningi kuyona.Umabonakude ubonakala unomthelela ekulimaleni kolimi namasiko esintu:Television broadcasting in the Black vernacularsacts to bring problems of cultural diffusion andlinguistic change into sharp relief.(Mersham, 1985:151).Impilo ephilwa abantu abasha kulesi sikhathi samanje ibagcina bematasatasabenza izinto eziningi ezidinga isikhathi sabo esiyigugu.Ababinaso isikhathi99

sokuhlala nokuxoxa nabantu abadala. Abantu abadala noma benolwazi lwesiZulukodwa akuxhunyanwa nabo.Intsha iphuthelwa ulwazi ebingaluzuza ngokuxoxa nabantu abadala abalwaziyoulimi lwesiZulu. Intsha efunda isiZulu ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalangaephuma emindenini enolwazi, ekhuluma isiZulu ngendlela efanele ingazuzakubantu abadala.Abanye abantu abasha bababukela phansi abantu abadala, abacabangi ukuthikukhona usizo abangaluthola kubantu abadala. Intsha ayiziniki isikhathisokuhlala nabantu abadala ukuze incele ulwazi:Abantu abadala babaluleke kakhuluekuhlomuliseni intsha ngolwazi, abahlakaniphilebachitha isikhathi esiningi bencela ulwazikwabadala.(Mbatha, 2010).IsiZulu sithi indlela ibuzwa kwabaphambili. Abanye abantu abasha bacabangaukuthi abantu abadala abanazo izimpendulo zokubhekana nezinselelo ezintshazempilo. Abantu abadala bayizingqolobane lapho ulimi lulondolozwe khona.Intsha esondelana nabadala izuza lukhulu kunaleyo ehambela kude nabantuabadala. Igebe phakathi kwentsha nabadala liyimbangela yomonakalo oliminilwesiZulu.3.6 IsiphethoUlimi luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ifanele ukunakekelwa. Ukulimala kolimiukulimala kwesizwe esikhuluma lolo limi. Lapho kuganiselwana nabantubefudukela kwezinye izindawo ulimi kumele lunakekelwe njengento eyigugulesizwe.100

Abantu kumele baqonde ukuthi imisakazo ebasakazelayo njengomphakathiingeyabo bangathuli basonge izandla lapho ulimi lwabo lonakala. Basukumebalungise.Amakhosi kanye nabaholi kumele bazi ukuthi abaphethe umhlaba kuphela kodwabaphethe Namagugu esizwe. Ulimi luyingxenye ebalulekile yamagugu esizwe,ngakho-ke kumele lunakekelwe. Mabazi ukuthi indlela abakhuluma ngayoinomthelela esizweni.Abazali kumele babe isibonelo ezinganeni zabo, baluthande ulomi lwabo,baziqhenye ngalo. Izingane zabo ziyobalandela nazo ziluthande ulimi lwabonjengoba benza.Izilimi zoMdabu nazo mazinakwe zithuthukiswe njengezinye.kanye nesabantu abazikhulumayo kuyokhuphuka.Isithunzi sazoIzingane mazixhunyaniswe nezindawo eziqukethe umlando kanye NamagugukaZulu. Lokho kuyokwandisa uthando kanye nentshisekelo yokufunda isiZulu.101

ISAHLUKO SESINE4.0 IZINSELELO EKUFUNDISWENI KOLIMI LWESIZULUNOMTHELELA WAZO4.1 IsingenisoUkufundiswa kwesiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalangakubhekene nezinselelo eziningi. Ukuntuleka kothisha abafunde bagogoda ulimilwesiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga kungenye yezintoeziholela izingane zalesi Sifundazwe ezifunda isiZulu ebunzimeni.Imiphumela egculisayo ebangeni leshumi esifundweni sesiZulu iya ngokuyaincipha. Abafundi abaphuma ezikoleni eSifundazweni saseMpumalangangenhloso yokuyofunda isiZulu Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme bayindlala.Abafundi abaningi kanye nothisha babonakala belahlekelwa ukuzethemba kanyenokuzenyeza mayelana nolimi lwesiZulu. Ababhali abasha ababhala ngolimilwesiZulu abaqhamuka eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga bayivela kancane.Imifundaze egqugquzela abafundi ukuba bayofunda isiZulu EzikhungweniZemfundo Ephakeme ayibonwa.4.2 Izinselelo ezibhekene nothisha4.2.1 Ukuqeqeshwa kothishaESifundazweni saseMpumalanga bayantuleka othisha abafunde bagogoda oliminilwesiZulu. Kwezinye izikole nakwamanye amakilasi isiZulu sifundiswa othishaabangakaze baqeqeshwe kuso. Laba othisha abanayo indlela yokwethula isifundosesiZulu ngendlela eletha ugqozi kubafundi.102

Indlela othisha abafundisa ngayo isiZulu ayibakhuthazi abafundi, ayenzi ukubaabafundi basibone isiZulu singcono ukudlula zonke ezinye izilimi. Iningi lothisha abafundisa bengaqeqeshelwanga ukufundisa isiZulu, lisuke lifundisangenhloso yokuthola umsebenzi lifundise, uthando lwesifundo lusuke lungekho:In a school it is important to operate on thephilosophy that every child seated in theclassroom is a winner and therefore capable ofmastering what is being taught. A teachershould do everything he can to achieve thisobjective. Most people would like to succeedand if the subject is associated with success andhumane treatment there should be no reason whypupils should find school and learning enjoyable.(Mwamwenda, 1990:126).Laba othisha abangaqeqeshiwe ukufundisa isiZulu bayasifundisa ngaphandlekokwazi izinhloso zokusifundisa. Abafundi abazuzi ulwazi olwanele lwesiZulu.Abanye balaba othisha abakwazi ukukhuluma isiZulu ngendlela efanele.Bakhuluma isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele nemindeni yabo.Izingane njengabafundi azitholi umnyombo wolwazi lwesiZulu uma zifundiswaothisha abanganalo uthando lwesiZulu. ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga baningiabantu abakhuluma isiSwazi nesiNdebele ngakho-ke kulula enganeni efundaisiZulu ukuba ilahleke uma ingaqeqeshekile kahle.Othisha abangaqeqeshiwe abafundisi ngukuzethemba nangeqholo ngakho-keekufundiseni kwabo bagwema izingxenye eziningi zolimi lwesiZulu. Umfundiulahlekelwa okuningi okumele ukuthi ngabe uyakuzuza. Laba othisha abalandeliuhlelo lokufundisa olumiswe uMnyango Wezemfundo.Abafundi baze bafinyelele emabangeni aphakeme bengakwazi ukubhalanokufunda kahle isiZulu. Uthisha ongaqeqeshekanga kahle ekufundiseni isiZuluuyehluleka ukuxazulula nokuhlonza izinkinga ezidalwa umthelela wesiSwazi103

nesiNdebele kubafundi bakhe. Abafundi abatholi ukusizakala ngendlela efanelelapho benezinkinga ekubhaleni nasekufundeni isiZulu.Uthisha ongaqeqeshwanga ngokwanele esiZulwini akanalo ulwazi olwaneleangalundlulisela kubafundi. Abafundi bathola ulwazi oluningi oluxube amagamaavela olimini lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Ulwazi oluningi abafundi balutholakontanga nasemphakathini.Othisha abangaqeqeshwanga ekufundiseni isiZulu basifundisa ngaphandlekokwazi isimo senhlalo abafundi abaphila ngaphansi kwaso. Bafundisa isiZulungaphandle kokuqaphela umonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebeleezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu. Abaluqondisisi uhlobo lwengane abayifundisayo.Izingane eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ezifunda isiZulu zehlukile ezinganenizakwezinye izifundazwe. Kwezinye izifundazwe abanayo inkinga edalwa ulimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu njengoba kusuke kwenzekaeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga:It is not sufficient to know Latin, one must alsoknow John, the child we have to teach, his needs,his abilities, his personality and the way in whichwe can best teach him.(Durojaiye, 1988:41).Izingane ezingafundisekanga kahle nezinganalo ugqozi lokufunda isiZuluzitheleleka kalula ngamagama ezinye izilimi okungewona awesiZulu.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane eziningi zitheleleka kalula ngamagamaesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Uthisha oqeqeshiwe nosithandayo isiZulu uyaye azikhuthaze izingane, aziboniseamathuba amahle akhona empilweni uma zikwazi ukukhuluma, ukufundanokubhala isiZulu ngendlela efanele. Lo thisha wenza konke okusemandleniukufundisa isiZulu ngendlela efanele esebenzisa amasu awathola ngenkathieqeqeshwa. Indlela afundisa ngayo yakha ugqozi kubafundi.104

Abafundi abafundiswa uthisha ozinikelayo nosithandayo isifundo nabo bagcinasebesithanda. IsiZulu abagcini ngokusikhuluma ngenkathi besifunda kodwababuye basikhulume namalunga omphakathi abayingxenye yawo. Abafundibafuna ukukhuthazwa ukuze kuvele imiphumela encomekayo ekufundeni kwabo:Motivation can also be generated by teachingsubjects in an interesting, challenging andcuriosity – arousing manner.(Mwamwenda, 1989:126).Izingane ezifundiswa uthisha oqeqeshiwe zithola ukunconywa ngomsebenzieziwenzileyo kanye namasu okuqhubeka nomsebenzi ngokwazo ngaphandlekokubheka uthisha. Lezi zingane kuba yizona ezisiza ontanga mayelana nendlelaokumele baphimise ngayo amagama esiZulu. Azibi nenkinga yokubonaumehluko phakathi kwesiSwazi, isiNdebele nesiZulu:Teachers can reinforce pupils by commentingapprovingly on their written and oral work,smiling, giving them marks for their work,rewarding them, showing an interest in them andaccepting them for what they are.(Mwamwenda, 1989:133).Uthisha oqeqeshiwe ekufundiseni uqinikelela ukuthi lokho akufundisayo akugcinikubafundi kodwa kwedlulela emphakathini. Udala izindlela zokuthi abazalibakwazi ukubamba iqhaza esifundweni sakhe. Ubiza umhlangano wabazaliaxoxisane nabo mayelana nezingqinamba abafundi abahlangabezana nazoesifundweni sakhe. Uthisha oluthandayo ulimi lwesiZulu uyaziqhenyangesifundo sakhe, akazenyezi phakathi kwabanye othisha, lokho kukhuthazanezingane azifundisayo. Kudale ukuthi ziziqhenye ngolimi, umthelela wezinyeizilimi ezifana nesiSwazi nesiNdebele ungabi namandla.ISifundazwe saseMpumalanga sibhekene nengqinamba yothisha abafundisaisiZulu kodwa babe bekhuluma isiSwazi nesiNdebele.Laba bothisha105

ayisibonelo esibi ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu. Izingane ezifundiswa yilababothisha ziyehluleka ukubhala, ukufunda nokuphimisa amagama esiZulungendlela efanele.Imiphumela yezingane ezifundiswa othisha abangaqeqeshekile kahle ezifundweniabazifundisayo ayibi mihle. Izingane eziningi ziyehluleka ukufunda kugelezekusukela emabangeni aphansi kuze kufike emabangeni aphezulu.Kukhona othisha abacabanga ukuthi kulukhuni ukufunda nokufundisa isiZuluuma uhlala endaweni enabantu abaningi abangasikhulumi ngendlela efanele.Izingane ezifundiswa othisha abanomcabango wokuthi isiZulu silukhuni nazozifunda zicabanga ukuthi isiZulu silukhuni ngakho-ke kunzima ukuphumelelauma usifunda. Ngenxa yalokho ziphelelwa umdlandla nogqozi lokusifunda.Kwezinye izindawo izingane zikhethe ukufunda isiSwazi noma isiNdebeleesikhundleni sesiZulu. Zisuke izingane zinenkolelo yokuthi silukhuni.UNtshele kanye nabanye, (2006:iv) babeka bathi:Ngokwesitatimende Sohlelo lwezifundolukaZwelonke othisha abafundisa ezingenilemfundo ethuthukisayo nokuqeqesha kumelebabe: Ngabaneziqu, abakwazi ukwenza,abazimisele kanye nabanothando. Ngabaxazululibokufundwayo. Ngabahumushi bohlelolwemfundo kanye nezinhlelo zezifundo kanyenabakhethi bezinsiza kufunda nokufundisa.Yizazi, abacubunguli kanye nabafundi bempiloende bona ngokwabo.Izingane ezifundiswayo uthisha kumele zihlomule ekufundeni kwazo. Abafundikumele bahlome ngamakhono, ubugagu kanye nolwazi oludingekayo ukuzenelisakanye nokubamba iqhaza elinomphumela emphakathini. Ulwazi oluzuzwangabafundi kumele lubanikeze amathuba okufinyelela emfundweni ephakeme.106

Abafundi ngenxa yokuntula ukuqeqeshwa okuhle, abaphumeleli kahleesifundweni sesiZulu. Lokho kuholela ekutheni bangasifundi EzikhungweniZemfundo Ephezulu bakhethe ukuqhubeka nezinye izifundo.4.2.2 Izikhungo zokuqeqesha othishaISifundazwe saseMpumalanga sintula Izikhungo Zemfundo Ephakeme laphokungaqeqeshwa khona othisha. Izikhungo zokuqeqesha othisha zavalwa. Iningilabafundi ababequkethwe yilezo zikhungo kwabe kungabafundi abafunda ulimilwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele. Othisha abaningi abafundisa isiZulu baqeqeshwaeSifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal.Iningi lo thisha abafundisa eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga livela kwezinyeizifundazwe. Lapho kuvela amathuba emisebenzi emakhaya lapho laba bothishabedabuka khona, bayahamba baphindele emuva emakhaya. IzinganezaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zisale dengwane noma zisale ezandlenizothisha abangaqeqeshwanga ukufundisa isiZulu.Izingane zilahlekelwa umbele wolimi lwesiZulu Soqobo ebeziwuncela kothishaabadabuka eSifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal. Izingane zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ezifuna ukufundela ukuba othisha amathuba okuqeqeshwaziwathola ngaphandle kwalesi sifundazwe. Abanye abafundi bayahambabayoqeqeshwa ngaphandle kwesifundazwe, bahambe bangaphindi babhekeemuva. Laba bafundi basale sebesebenza ezifundazweni lapho beqeqeshwekhona. Lokho kuvula igebe, izingane zintule othisha abaqeqeshiweabangazifundisa isiZulu.Abanye othisha abaqeqeshekile ekufundiseni isiZulu bathatha umhlalaphansi besekuntuleka abasha abangangena ezikhundleni zabo. Uyanda umonakalo odalekaolimini lwesiZulu ngokuncipha kothisha abanekhono eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.107

Ezinye Izikhungo Zemfundo Ephakeme ezihlinzekela iSifundazwesaseMpumalanga ngothisha zisebenzisa isiNgisi ukufundisa isiZulu. Lokhuakumciji ngokuphelele uthisha oyofundisa izingane eziNsundu isiZulu. Kuningiokungamagugu nobuciko bolimi okumlahlekelayo. IsiZulu ugcina esesikhulumaesixuba nesiNgisi.Uthisha oqeqeshwe ngesiNgisi ukuze afundise isiZulu udala inkinga ezinganenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ezivele zinenkinga yokuxuba izilimi.Uthisha okhuluma axube izilimi udala ukuthi abafundi bangayiboni inkinga laphobekhuluma bexuba isiZulu, isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele:Ukufunda isiZulu ngesiNgisi kuwukuncishaabafundi ubumtoti namanoni olimi. Kubuyekube indlela yokuvulela abamhlophe amathubaomsebenzi nokubambezela uhlelolokuhumushelwa kwamagama amaningiesiZulwini.(Dlamini, 2010).Uthisha oqeqeshwe ngesiNgisi kodwa ebe eqeqeshelwa ukufundisa isiZulu akabinalo ugqozi nokuziqhenya okwanele mayelana nolimi lwesiZulu. Ufundisaabafundi ngendlela naye afunda ngayo, ubafundisa isiZulu ebe ebachazelangesiNgisi. Uhlala enesikhalo sokuthi isiZulu sintula amagama amaningi,ukholelwa ekuthini into izwakala kancono uma ichazwe ngesiNgisi.Abanye abafundi abaliqhamukisa eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga baqeqeshwaEzikhungweni Zemfundo eGauteng. Iningi labantu baseGauteng likhulumaizilimi ezingaphezulu kolimi olulodwa. Abaningi bakhuluma ulimi oluxubeezinye izilimi. Umphakathi waseGauteng ubonakala ungenankinga yokuxubaizilimi lapho umuntu ekhuluma.Uthisha wesiZulu oqeqeshwe endaweni engakugwemi ukuxubana kwezilimikuyenzeka angabi nawo umuzwa oqinile wokukhuthaza abafundi ukuthi108

aqikelele ukukhuluma ulimi olucwengekile olungenayo imifakela.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane ezingakhuthazwa ukukhuluma isiZulungendlela efanele zivame ukukhuluma zifake amagama esiSwazi nesiNdebele.Kudingeka ukuthi uthisha angenelele ahlunge lokho okungalungile enkulumeniyengane.Kukhona izikhungo zemfundo zaseSifundazweni saseGauteng ezinamazikoeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Inkinga ngalezi zikhungo ukuthi zibhekeleimfundo yobuchwepheshe, azikho ezibhekele izilimi zaboMdabu bakuleli.Othisha abafundisa izilimi bathola ukuqeqeshwa okungenele abakunikwauMnyango WezeMfundo. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuyaye kuthathe amahoraambalwa isigamu sonyaka ngasinye. Kwesinye isikhathi othisha baqeqeshwangesikhathi samaholide uma kuvalwe izikole.Ukuvalwa kwamaKolishi okuqeqesha othisha ezweni kwaba nomphumelaongemuhle ezinganeni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ezifunda isiZulu,kusukela emabangeni aphansi kuze kufinyelele emazingeni aphezulu:Iningi lothisha elalikhiqizwa iKolishilaseMadadeni lalifundisa ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Izinganezazihlomula ngolwazi.(Dlamini, 2010).Ukuvalwa kwamaKolishi okuqeqesha othisha kuvule elikhulu igebeeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Izingane zintula othisha abanogqozilokufundisa isiZulu. Izingane zithola usizo oluncane kubazali ngenxa yokuthiiningi labo likhuluma isiZulu esixube ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Abazaliabaningi abakwazi ukusiza izingane zabo ngolwazi oludingekayo LwesiZulu:Most students can attain a high level of learningcapability if instruction is approached sensitively109

and systematically, if students are helpedwhen and where they have learning difficulties,if they are given sufficient time to achievemastery, and if there is some clear criterion ofwhat constitutes mastery.(Bloom, 1976:04).Ukulwa nomthelela odalwe isiSwazi nesiNdebele kuveza isidingo esikhulusokuba kwakhiwe izikhungo zokuqeqesha othisha eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.4.2.3 Amathuba ekufundiseni nasekufundeni isiZuluESifundazweni saseMpumalanga iningi lothisha alibacaciseli abafundingamathuba akhona ekufundweni kwesiZulu. Lokho kudala ukuthi izinganezingaboni isizathu sokufunda isiZulu ziqhubeke naso zize zifike eNyunivesithi.Izingane zibona isiZulu njengesifundo esingavuli amathuba. Lokhu kudala ukuthiumonakalo odalwa isiSwazi nesiNdebele ungene kalula olimini lwesiZulu.Izingane zifunda ngaphandle kokuqaphelisisa lokho ezisuke zikufunda. Izinganeezifunda ulimi ngokuqaphelisisa ziyakwazi ukugwema okungalungileyo kulokhoezisuke zikufunda.Izingane eziningi zifunda ezikoleni ezisemadolobheni. Lapho zifika ezikoleniezisemadolobheni izingane zifunda isiNgisi njengolimi lwasekhaya, isiZuluzisifunde njengolimi lokuqala lokwengeza. Ulimi lokuqala lokwengezaalufundiswa ngendlela ejulile njengoba kufundiswa ulimi lwasekhaya.Lezi zingane zifunda isiNgisi zijule esikoleni, ekhaya zihlangane nenkingayesiZulu esixube isiSwazi nesiNdebele. Amathuba okuthi zifunde zijulengesiZulu ayancipha.110

Kukhona izingane ezingakwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwesiZulu ezilufundayoesikoleni ngenxa yokuthi eminye imiphakathi ikhuluma isiSwazi nesiNdebele.Ezinye izingane ezifunda ezikoleni okwakungezabamhlophe zifunda isiNgisinesiBhunu, azinandaba nolimi lwesiZulu. Zilukhuluma ziluxube nezinye izilimi,aziluhloniphi. Lezi zingane ziyisibonelo esibi kwezinye izingane ezifundaemalokishini nasezikoleni ezisemakhaya. Zidala ukuthi ezinye izingane zikubonenjengento enhle ukukhuluma uxube izilimi.Abazali bezingane ezifunda ezikoleni okwakungezabamhlophe bodwa, banakaukuthi izingane zabo sezithuthuke kangakanani olimini lwesiNgisi. Abazinakiizilimi zabo zoMdabu. Ingane abayibonisi bayiluleke noma ngabe isiphulakanjani isiZulu. Esikhundleni sokulungisa bayajabula babone ukuthi lokokudalwa ukuthi seyazi kakhulu isiNgisi, isiyasikhohlwa isiZulu:It is to be commended that the presentgovernment in South Africa is introducing asystem whereby at least one African language iscompulsory.(Muendane, 2006:83).Izingane ezifunda isiZulu aziziniki ithuba elanele ukufunda imibhalo ebhalwengesiZulu. Lokhu kuyazisiza ukuthi zijwayele indlela amagama esiZuluaphinyiswa ngayo, afundwa ngayo kanye nabhalwa ngayo. Ngokuzinika ithubalokufunda isiZulu izingane zingaba nothando lolimi lwesiZulu. Iningi lezinganelingakwazi ukuzihlonzela umehluko okhona phakathi kolimi lwesiZulu kanyenesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Izingane eziningi zichitha isikhathi esiningi zigqolozele amakhompyutha.Ziwakhonzile amakhompyutha ngoba ilapho ezithola khona ithuba lokufundasakudlala. Amagama abhalwe ngolimi lwesiZulu awakabi khona ezinhlelweni111

zekhompyutha. Ukungabikho kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha ezibhalwe ngesiZuluakuziniki izingane ithuba lokufunda isiZulu sakudlala.Ikhompyutha icija izingane esiNgisini nakwezinye izilimi zaseNtshonalanga,azikho izinhlelo zesiZulu. Izingane zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zidingaukusekelwa nokucijwa ngezindlela eziningi olimini lwesiZulu ukuze zikwaziukubhekana nomonakalo odalwa isiSwazi nesiNdebele.4.2.4 Othisha bantula ukusekwaIsiNdebele kanye nesiSwazi zinomthelela ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Othisha abafundisa isiZulu babhekenenomthwalo wokufundisa isiZulu balwe nomonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazikanye nolimi lwesiNdebele. Laba othisha badinga ukusekwa ukuze umsebenziwabo ube impumelelo.Bayindlala oSozimboni noSomabhizinisi abazimisele ukukhipha izimali zabobaxhase ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufundiswa nokufundwa kwesiZulueSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Izingane eziningi eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga zigcina ngokufunda isiZulu ekilasini ngesikhathi sokufunda.Azikho ezinye izinhlelo ngemva kwesikhathi sokufunda kwezingane esikoleniezihleliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulimi lwesiZulu.Izilimi ezifana nesiBhunu zithola ukusekwa umphakathi wamaBhunu. KukhonaoSozimboni noSomabhizinisi abakhipha izimali ezishisiwe ukuseka ulimilwesiBhunu ukuze luthuthuke lungashabalali. Akubonakali lokho oliminilwesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Kukhona abathile ababhekenenokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwesiNdebele ababhekene nokuqanjwa kwamagamaathile esiNdebele ukuze sithuthuke nesiSwazi asimile siyathuthuka.112

Intuthuko olimini lwesiZulu kubhekwe ukuthi izovela eSifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal. Akukho okusha okwenziwayo eSifundazweni saseMpumalangaukuthuthukisa ulimi lwesiZulu.Othisha babhekene nomsebenzi omkhulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalangawokugqugquzela abafundi ukuthi basithande isiZulu. Lokho kuzobasiza abafundiukuthi baphumelele kahle esifundweni sesiZulu:Children‟s limited mastery of the mother tonguemay not, therefore be entirely due to the schoolsecond language situation. Probably manychildren have not developed an elaborated codein their mother tongue at home.(Durojaiye, 1988:184).Izingane azisasikhulumi kahle isiZulu kusukela emakhaya ngenxa yomthelelawesiSwazi nesiNdebele eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Othisha abafundisaisiZulu badinga ukusekwa abazali emakhaya. Umsebenzi owenziwa othishaesikoleni abazali kumele bawuxhase emakhaya.Abanye abazali babambelele ezilimini zabo okuyisiSwazi nesiNdebele. Othishalapho benikeza umsebenzi odinga usizo lomzali, bahlangabezana nenkinga.Izingane azitholi ukusizakala ngendlela efanele.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zintula isizinda laphozingavivinya ulwazi ezinalo lwesiZulu. Othisha bayazifundisa izingane bazinikeulwazi oluningi lwesiZulu kodwa abafundi abatholi ithuba lokusebenzisa ulwaziabalutholileyo kothisha:A child is more advanced in linguisticcompetence than linguistic performance. Inother words there are words and structures in alanguage that children understand but are notable to use in their everyday language.(Mwamwenda, 1990:117.)113

Indawo egcwele abantu abaningi abakhuluma isiSwazi nesiNdebele ayibanikeziabafundi besiZulu isizinda esihle sokusebenzisa ulwazi abalufundile.4.2.5 Ubukhulu bamakilasiInani lezingane ezifunda isikole landile ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Othisha babhekene nenkinga yokugcwala kwamakilasi. Ikilasielilodwa liqukethe izingane ezingaphezulu kwesibalo esilindelekile.Othisha abafundisa isiZulu nabo babhekene nenkinga yokugcwala kwamakilasi.IsiZulu njengolimi sifundwa izingane eziningi kuleso naleso sikole laphosifundiswa khona. Uthisha ubhekana nomsebenzi omningi okumele awenzenjengothisha:The smaller the pupil-teacher ratio the better thepercentage pass of the final results of eachexamination will be.(Mzoneli, 1991:56).Izingane ezivela emakhaya lapho kukhulunywa khona isiSwazi noma isiNdebelezibe zifunda isiZulu, zidinga isikhathi esiningi lapho zifundiswa. Zifunaukunakwa ingane nengane ukuze uthisha akwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zolimiingane esuke ibhekene nazo.Ubukhulu bamakilasi kudala ukuthi uthisha angakwazi ukusiza ingane nengane.Ingane efunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga idinga ukunakwangayinye. Izingane zinezinkinga ezihlukeneyo. Ezinye zinezinkingaekuphimiseni, ezinye ekufundeni kanti ezinye ekubhaleni. Uthisha udinga azinikeisikhathi nengane kanye nomsebenzi wengane ukuze ukufundisa kwakhenokufunda kwengane kube impumelelo.114

Izingane eziningi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zinenkinga ekubhaleniamagama esiZulu, lokho kungenxa yomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele.Ukuminyana kwabafundi ekilasini kudala ukuthi iningi labafundi liqube phakathikwabanye. Inkinga ithathe isikhathi ukuxazululeka.Ukufundisa ulimi kuyinselelo kothisha kudinga uthisha ozinikelayo. Ulimilunezingxenye eziningi ezidinga abafundi bazifunde ukuze baphumelele. Uthishauhlangabezana nobunzima uma abafundi bebaningi ekilasini.Uthisha wesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga udinga ukucathula nomfundiukuze akwazi ukuhlunga amaphutha adalwa umthelela wolimi lwesiSwazinesiNdebele. Ukuminyana kwabafundi kudala ukuthi uthisha asebenze ngaphansikwesimo esinzima, umsebenzi wakhe ungagculisi.Izincwadi zokufunda zivame ukungabaneli abafundi uma bebaningi ekilasini.Kuze kudingeke ukuthi abafundi abayidlanzana bahlanganyele incwadi eyodwa.Lokhu kudala inkinga enkulu enganeni esacathula ngolimi lwesiZulu evela laphokukhulunywa khona isiSwazi nesiNdebele:In school we need smaller classes so thatchildren may be increasingly taught by methodsthat appeal to their natural interests.(Hughes, noHughes, 1967:207).Lapho uthisha enikeza umsebenzi abanye abafundi bathola ithuba lokukopelakwabanye ngenxa yokuminyana kwabafundi ekilasini.Uhlelo lokwenza umsebenzi ekhaya lubhekana nezinselelo ngenxa yokuntulekakwezincwadi. Inkinga nomonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebelekubanzima ukuwuxazulula.115

Uthisha uyehluleka ukuhamba phakathi kwabafundi abheke ngenkathi benzaumsebenzi uma ikilasi ligcwele kakhulu. Umsebenzi omningi wabafundibesiZulu uba namaphutha ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ngenxayomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Amanye amaphutha kubalulaukuwagwema uma uthisha ehamba phakathi kwabafundi elungisa amaphutha:It is important that the teacher exercises patienceand flexibility to question, discuss, explain andreview until one is satisfied that his or her goalhas been accomplished.(Reilly and Lewis, 1983:153).Ulimi lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele luba nomthelela omkhulu ludale umonakaloolimini lwesiZulu emakilasini lapho abafundi besuke bebaningi beminyene.Uthisha uyehluleka ukucubungula nokucwaninga indlela umfundi nomfundiakhuluma ngayo ulimi lwesiZulu:Pupils can be assessed by observation, bylistening to the types of response they give inclass discussion on their written assignments, byobservation of their performance on tests andexaminations and on basis of previous years‟performance.(Mwamwenda, 1990:152).Amakilasi anezingane ezimbalwa anikeza uthisha ithuba lokubheka inganenengane. Umthelela odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele ungalungisekangoba uthisha usuke enesikhathi esanele endaweni nabafundi.116

4.3 Ukwehla kwezinga4.3.1 Ukwehla kwezinga le miphumelaLapha kubhekwa izinga lokuphumelela kwezingane ezifunda isiZulu ebangenileshumi nambili eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ekuhlolweni kuka-Novembawe-2008.Isifunda saseMpumalanga, Iziko LezeMfundo, IsiZulu uLimi Lwasekhaya noLimiLokuqala Lokwengeza, (2009), lunikezele ngalolu lwazi:IMIPHUMELA YASESIFUNDAZWENI SASEMPUMALANGA:LWASEKHAYA 2008ULIMIIsiZulu ulimi IsiSwazi ulimi IsiNdebele ulimilwasekhaya lwasekhaya lwasekhayaIzingane ezibhalile 21 475 16 583 3 985Ezithole u-A 02 178 123Ezithole u-B 167 1 615 887Ezithole u-C 2 528 5 896 1 839Ezithole u-D 8 993 6 567 981Ezithole u-E 8 819 2 116 150Ezithole u-F 905 157 03Ezithole u-G 61 54 02A (80-100%): B (70-79%) : C (60-69%): D (50-59%) : E (40-49%) : F (30-39%):G (0-29%)Ulwazi olutholakele ezikweni lezeMfundo leSifundazwe saseMpumalangalutshengisa ukuthi liyehla izinga lezingane eziphumelela ngamalengisoesifundweni sesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Iningi lezinganeeziphumelela ngamalengiso ilezo ezifunda isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.117

Izingane eziphumelela ngendlela engacacile nalezo ezingaphumeleli nhlobo iningilazo ilezo ezifunda isiZulu. Zimbalwa izingane ezifunda isiSwazi ulimilwasekhaya ezingaphumelelanga. Ziningi eziphumelele ngendlela encomekayoolimini lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo eziphumeleleolimini lwesiZulu.Umonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu udalaukwehla kwemiphumela ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu. Imiphumela emihle ezuzwangabafundi abafunda isiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele idala ukuthi abafundi abafundaisiZulu bazingabaze, balahlekelwe ukuzethemba.Ukuphumelela ngamalengiso kwabafundi ababili kuphela abafunda isiZulukuletha imibuzo eminingi kothisha besiZulu nasezikhulwini zemfundo. Izingalokuphumelela kwabafundi liyehla olimini lwesiZulu. Le miphumela yabafundiitshengisa ukuthi abafundi banenkinga ekufundeni nasekubhaleni isiZulu.Abafundi abafunda isiSwazi nesiNdebele benza kangcono kakhulu laphobehlolwa ezilimini zabo.4.3.2 Ukwehla kwezinga lokufundaImiphumela yabafundi abafunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalangaababhala ngoNovemba we-2008 yatshengisa ukuthi laba bafundi banenkingalapho befunda. Into abayifundayo abayiqondisisi ingakho bebhala ngendlelaebancisha imiklomelo.Iningi labafundi liyehluleka ukuphendula imibuzo ngendlela eshaya emhlolwenilapho libuzwa imibuzo. Eminye yale mibuzo isuke icashunwe esifundwenisokuqondisisa. Lesi sifundo sisuke siphambi kwabo besifunda kodwa kubeinkinga ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwayo.118

UMncina, (2009) uphawula uthi:One detects that the problem lies with reading.Thus, if reading is a problem, understanding thetext is difficult.Izingane eziningi ziyehluleka ukuqondisisa umbuzo osuke ubuzwa beseziphendula ngendlela okungeyona. Iningi labafundi lifunda isiZulu esimeniesivuna ukuba kukhulunywe isiSwazi noma isiNdebele. Lokho kuba nomthelelaendleleni abafundi abafunda ngayo isiZulu.Abafundi abaningi bagcina esikoleni ukufunda nokukhuluma isiZulu. Akufaninabafundi bolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele, babuye bathole ukusizwa emakhaya.Lokho kubangelwa ukuthi iningi lamalunga omphakathi likhuluma ulimilwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Iningi labafundi abafunda isiZulu lintula ukusizwa ngamalunga omndeni. Lokhukubangelwa ukuthi iningi lamalunga omphakathi likhuluma ulimi lwesiZuluoluxube ezinye izilimi.Iningi labafundi linenkinga yokufunda into liyiqondisise. Ukufunda intobangayiqondisisi kudala abafundi baphelelwe ithemba, abanye babone isiZulunjengento elukhuni kakhulu:One detects a high level of a don‟t care attitudeon part of learners.(Mncube, 2009).Izimo abafundi abazibonayo nabaphila ngaphansi kwazo eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga zithinta usikompilo lwesizwe samaSwazi kanye namaNdebele.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu kuncane okuthinta amasiko nesimo abantu abaphilaphansi kwaso eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abangakuxhumanisa nokufundakwabo:119

A person is in a better position to learn,understand and recall a body of information if itis related to what he already knows. Thelearnability of new material depends on theability of the person to relate the material to whathe or she already knows.(Davis, 1983:221).ISifundazwe saseMpumalanga silungele kakhulu nakangcono izingane ezifundaisiSwazi nesiNdebele. Imigubho eminingi yamasiko egujwayo eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ileyo egqugquzela amasiko amaSwazi kanye namaNdebele.Abafundi bachitha isikhathi esiningi bebuka umabonakude, lokhu kubancishaisikhathi sokufunda imibhalo. Ukuswela isikhathi sokufunda kuholela ukuthibangazi indlela okuphinyiswa, okufundwa nokubhalwa ngayo amagama esiZulu.Bagcina sebencike endleleni yokufunda nokubhalwa kwamagama esiSwazinesiNdebele abahlale bewezwa.4.3.3 Ukwehla kwezinga lokukhulunywa kwesiZulu ngendlela efaneleLapho abantu bekhuluma abatshengisi ukuziqhenya ngolimi. Izaga, izisho,izifengqo kanye namagama angajwayelekile kuyivela kancane ukuzwa umuntuekusebenzisa enkulumeni yakhe.Abakhuluma isiNdebele eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga bavame ukusebenzisaizingxenye eziningi zolimi lwesiBhunu:Izibonelo:Amper ngimbethe marangimjamarere. (IsiNdebele)Ngicishe ngamshaya kodwangimzwele. (IsiZulu)Ukukhuluma kwamaNdebele, esebenzisa amagama esiBhunu kuba nomthelelanasezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu.Esizweni samaNdebele kuyemukeleka futhi120

kuyathakaselwa ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesiBhunu kwabadala nabancane.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga nazo sezinawo lomkhuba wokukhuluma zifake amanye amagama olimi lwesiBhunu enkulumeniyazo. Lokho kungumthelela wolimi lwesiNdebele olimini lwesiZulu.Isibonelo:Uyadla maar akasuthi.Uyahlonipha nedi uyavilapha.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu ziyaye zizwe lapho kukhuluma abolimi lwesiNdebele.Abakhuluma isiNdebele bayawasebenzisa amagama esiBhunu kungabi khonainkinga kanti esiZulwini lokhu kudala umonakalo.Izingane ezifunda isiZulu ezikoleni ziyaye zingagcini ngokufaka amagamaesiBhunu enkulumeni yazo kodwa ziyedlulela zifake nawesiNgisi. Sekuvamileukuthi ingane ifake amagama athile enkulumeni yayo okungaba amagamaesiNgisi noma esiBhunu. Lokho kuba nomthelela omubi olimini lwesiZulu.Amagama esiZulu soqobo ayanyamalala ashabalale, kuthi indawo yawo ithathweamagama esiBhunu kanye nesiNgisi.Lo mkhuba wokukhuluma kufakwe isiBhunu nesiNgisi olimini lwesiZulu udalaumonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Ulimi lwesiZulu luyalimala kanye namasikoesiZulu ngenxa yalo mkhuba.Lo mkhuba udala ukuthi izilimi zabamhlophe zibhule amaphiko phezu kwezilimizabaNsundu. Izingane zikhula zazi ukuthi konke okwaseNtshonalanga kungconokunokwase-Afrika:Most African children who attended Model Cschool in South Africa identify more withEurocentric values than with Afrocentric valuesand see nothing wrong with that.(Muendane, 2006:48).121

Ukwehla kwezinga lokukhuluma kahle isiZulu ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulukuholela ekwehleni kwezinga le miphumela yabafundi esikoleni. Abafundiabangakwazi ukukhuluma kahle ulimi bayehluleka ukulubhala nokulufundangendlela efanele. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni abafundi abaningi baseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga babe nenkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.Abazali abaningi abanaki ukuthi yini eqhubekayo ezilimini zabaNsundu. Abanyeabazali babona kungcono ukuthi izingane zabo zisuke ezikoleni zabaNsunduziyofunda ezikoleni okwakungezabamhlophe bodwa.Lokho kubonakala kuyinto embi ekusaseni le sizwe esiNsundu. Kubonakalakunjengenhlamba ebhekiswe esizweni esiNsundu nakothisha abaNsundu abenzakonke okusemandleni ukuthuthukisa ingane eNsundu:The reason for their parents sending them tothese schools is inspired by the same mentalityof thinking that descendant European teachersare better than African Teachers.(Muendane, 2006:48).Lokhu kuthutheleka kwezingane ezikoleni okwakungezabamhlophe kuholelaekuthini izingane zingazihloniphi izilimi zabaNsundu, kunalokho ziqhakambiseizilimi zabamhlophe. IsiZulu zisixube nesiSwazi nesiNdebele nesiBhunu kanyenesiNgisi kungabi ndaba zalutho. Kuqhubeke kuye phambili ukonakala kolimilwesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Ulimi lwesiZulu lulahlekelweumsoco odingekayo olimini:Ngikhuluma isiNgisi nesiBhunu kuphela. IsiZulusengisididiyela nezinye izilimi – Le ntombingiyithanda “very bad” She don‟t care – maar ekmnca daai cherrie.(Masuku, 1989:28).122

4.3.4 Ukwehla kwezinga lokuzaziUkwehla kwezinga lokuzazi kudala ukuthi abantu bagcine sebengothathekile.Bengasazi ukuthi basukaphi futhi bayaphi? Ukunabela kukaZulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga kwenze uZulu ezenza izenzo eziningi ezifuze lezo ezenziwangamaSwazi namaNdebele.Kuyekwabakhona ukwabelana ngezindlela zokuphila phakathi kwamaZulu,amaSwazi kanye namaNdebele eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Ukwabelanaphakathi kwalezi zizwe akuzange kugcine ezindleleni zokuphila, kwagcinasekwabelwana nangolimi. Amagama amaningi agcine esesebenza phakathikwalezi zilimi okuyisiZulu, isiSwazi nesiNdebele ngaphandle kwenkinga:Ulimi lwesiZulu lungolunye lwamagugu kaZuluabumba isizwe sihlangane, sihlonishwe futhisethenjwe ngoba sisabonisa ukuthi asibonaosimuka nandwendwe abangasaziwa nomabangabantu noma ngamakutshukutshu.(Nxumalo, 1973).ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga uma kulalelwa indlela abantu abakhulumangayo kubonakala amagama esiZulu encipha, indawo yawo ithathwa ngamagamaesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Ingane isisifunda isiZulu ngenhloso yokuphumelela esikoleni ezifundweni zayo.Izingane azitshengisi ukuluthanda nokuba nesikhwele ngolimi lwazo:Ingane eziqhenyayo ngolimi lwesiZulu ayigciningokuhlomula ngemiphumela emihle esikoleniibuye izuze nasendleleni yokuziphathanomqondo ophusile. IsiZulu sicebe ngamasikokanye nomlando.(Sibisi, 2010).123

ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane zixuba isiZulu, isiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele. Lokhu kugcina kuzenze zaba ngamalulwane, zigcina zingaqondisisiukuthi kanti zona ziyiliphi? Zigcina sezilahlekelwe isasasa lokwazi ngomlandoocebile wamaZulu:Akulula ukuthi umuntu aziqhenye ngentoangayazi. Into angazi ngisho nomlando wayo.(Msibi, 2010).Abantu abazi umlando nobuqhawe bukaZulu, bayaziqhenya ngoZulu benza konkeokusemandleni ukuvikela lokho okungamagugu kaZulu.4.3.5 Ukwehla kwezinga lokuzinikela kwabafundi emsebenzini wabo wesikoleAbafundi abaningi abatshengisi intshisekelo enkulu ekufundeni nasekubukezeniumsebenzi abawunikwa othisha besiZulu njengoba bahlale benza kwezinyeizifundo. Okuningi bagcina ngokukufunda esikoleni ngenkathi uthisha eseduzenabo. Lokhu kudala ukuthi ulwazi lwesiZulu abanalo lungathuthuki.Abafundi bagcina benolwazi oluncane lwesiZulu, lokho okubadalela ubunzimangesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Bagcina abafundi sebesebenzisa noma iluphi ulwaziolufikayo emqondweni wabo. Yiso lesi sikhathi lapho kutholakala abafundibesebenzisa amagama abawathola olimini lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Ukungazinikeli kwabafundi abafunda isiZulu ukunothisa imiqondo yabo ngolwazilwesiZulu kubaholela ekuthini bagcine besebenzisa amagama esiSwazinesiNdebele esikhundleni samagama esiZulu.Abafundi abazinikelayo emsebenzini wabo banenhloso, bayakwazi lokho abafunaukukuzuza. Bayaqikelela ukukhulisa ulwazi lwabo:124

Many students are not committed to their schoolwork, hence the high failure rate in schools.(Mkhatshwa, 1996:42).Abafundi abaningi abafunda isiZulu abaziniki isikhathi esanele sokufundanokubukeza umsebenzi wabo wesiZulu. Laba bafundi badinga ukukhuthazwaothisha.Kukhona abanye othisha abayimbangela yokungazinikeli kwabafundi. Labaothisha abatshengisi ukuthi bayasithanda isifundo sabo. Banikela ngesikhathisokufundisa isiZulu ukuba kufundiswe ezinye izifundo:Teachers who like the subject and are good at it,are well endowed to stimulate favourableattitudes in their pupils that are essential forlearning, whereas teachers who dislike thesubject or are not competent in it are likely toinfect their pupils with similar feelings of dislikeand similar cognitive incompetence.(Mwamwenda, 1990:270).Ukuzinikela kwabafundi emsebenzini wabo kungawuvimba umonakalo odalwaulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Othisha abazinikelayo esifundweni sabosesiZulu bayakwazi ukucija abafundi babo ukuba bakwazi ukuhlonza umthelelaodalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele.Othisha abanogqozi ekufundiseni isifundo sabo bakhipha abafundi abanothandonabazinikelayo esifundweni:Whatever is being taught, the lesson should bepresented in such a manner that pupils‟ interestwill aroused and sustained for the duration of theperiod. It is also essential that with assignmentpupils are given clear instructions as to howthey should proceed. Their progress must bemonitored and individual questions should be125

attented to as they work on the assignment. Theteacher should not consider this to be spare timefor sitting in the staffroom or knitting or writingletters, as has often been observed in a number ofour African schools.(Mwamwenda, 1990:225).Ukuzinikela kwabafundi besizwa othisha esifundweni sesiZulu kungawunciphisaumonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga kulabo bafundi abafunda isiZulu.4.4 Indlela esekufundiswa ngayo isiZulu4.4.1 Abahloli bagcizelela ekubhalweni komsebenziIningi labahloli elihlola ukuqhubeka komsebenzi ezikoleni ligcizelela ekuthiniothisha babhalise abafundi umsebenzi omningi. Abahloli bagcizelela ekuthiniingane kumele ibhale umsebenzi ekilasini njalo ngosuku, kungenjalo inikweumsebenzi okumele iwubhale ekhaya. Lokhu kuyenzeka esiZulwini nakwezinyeizilimi.Uthisha obhalisa umsebenzi omningi nguye oyaye anconywe ngabahloli.Abahloli bayajabula uma bethola ukuthi uthisha ubhalise umsebenzi omningi.Ingaleso sizathu esenza othisha bazame ngakho konke okusemandleni ukubhalisaizingane umsebenzi omningi. Othisha bafuna ukunconywa ngabahloli:Izingane kazilitholi ithuba elanele lokuxoxaekilasini, othisha babhalisa umsebenzi omningiukuze kubonakale ukuthi bayasebenza.(Banda, 2010).Othisha babhalisa umsebenzi omningi, isikhathi sokuhlola nokucubungula izingalo msebenzi siba sincane. Uthisha kuyaye kudingeke awumake ngokusheshaumsebenzi ukuze akwazi ukulandelisa ngomunye.126

Ngaleyo ndlela othisha bayaye babhalise umsebenzi osezingeni eliphansi.Othisha ababinaso isikhathi esaneleyo sokubhekana nezinselelo eziza nomsebenziabasuke bewubhalisa. Le ndlela yokugcizelela emsebenzini obhalwayo idalaukuthi othisha bangabi naso isikhathi esanele sokuzwa indlela izinganeezikhuluma ngayo ulimi. Izingane ziyaqhubeka nokukhuluma ulimi oluxubeisiSwazi nesiNdebele kungekho olungisayo.4.4.2 Ukunaka kakhulu isifundo kunenganeOthisha babonakala benaka kakhulu isifundo abasifundisayo kunokunaka izidingozengane abayifundisayo. Othisha baba nentshisekelo yokugcwalisa izincwadingomsebenzi, abayikhathaleli ingane ukuthi izuza ulwazi olungakanani.ESifundazweni saseMpumalanga izingane ezifunda isiZulu zibe zinomthelelawolimi lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele ziba nenkinga. Othisha ababi nasoisikhathi esanele sokusiza abafundi ezinkingeni abasuke benazo. Othishabachitha isikhathi esiningi behleli nezincwadi zabafundi kunokuhlala nabafundiuqobo:Ukunaka kakhulu lokho okufundwayokubukelelwe lowo ofundayo, akunawoumhlomulo ophelele kwezemfundo.(Kunene, 2010).Uthisha kumthatha isikhathi eside ukubona ingane enenkinga edalwa umthelelawolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele.Lapho kufika izivivinyo zokuphela konyaka izingane ziyaye zibe nenkinga,zehluleke ukuthola amamaki afanele ngenxa yamaphutha amaningi esukeengakalungiswa ngendlela efanele.127

4.4.3 Izigqinamba eziyinsakavukelaAbafundi abaningi baseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abafunda isiZulu bayayebabonise inkinga kulezi zingxenye:Ukupelwa kwamagamaUkubumba imishoUkwakhiwa kwezigabaUkuhlanganisa indabaKulukhuni kothisha abafundisa isiZulu ukulungisa umthelela odalwa ulimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele uma ukumaka kwabo umsebenzi kungekho ezingenielifaneleyo. Kukhona othisha abaqhubekayo banikeze umsebenzi bengakawuhloliumsebenzi abawunikezile ngaphambili bawumaka. Lokho akumsizi umfundikodwa kwenza ukuthi aqhubekele phambili namaphutha akhe.Kwathathwa izincwadi eziyishumi zesiZulu umsebenzi obhalwayo zabafundiabenza ibanga leshumi nanye, emakilasini amane eSeme Secondary School,eDaggakraal esifundeni saseGert Sibande, eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Zathathwa ngenhloso yokucubungula indlela othisha abamaka ngayo umsebenziobhalwa izingane kanye nokubona igalelo labo ekulungiseni amaphutha adalwayizingane. Kwabhekwa umsebenzi kusukela zingama-20 kuMbasa ukuyazingama-20 kuNhlaba kowe-2010.128

Kwatholakala lokhu:109876543210A – Kuhle B – Kungcono C – Akugculisi D – AkumakiweIncazelo:A = Izincwadi ezimbili kweziyishumi zimakwe kahle, uthisha uqikelela ukuthiamaphutha alungiswe.B = Izincwadi ezintathu kweziyishumi zimakwe kahle, yize kukhona ezinyeizingxenye ezimakwe ngendlela engagculisi nezilungiso zinamaphutha ambalwa.C = Izincwadi ezine kweziyishumi azimakwanga ngendlela egculisayo. Ezinyeizingxenye bezimakwa ngabafundi ngaphandle kokulandelela kukathisha.Izilungiso azimakwanga nazo.D = Izingane ziwubhalile umsebenzi kodwa awumakiwe nguthisha.129

Kutholakala ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ukumaka kuyaye kwenziwe izinganengaphandle kokulandelela kukathisha. Izingane azikwazi ukulungisa umonakaloodalekayo olimini lwesiZulu udalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Uthishaozinika isikhathi sokumaka umsebenzi wabafundi ngendlela efanele, uyakwaziukulungisa amaphutha kanye nomonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulu.4.4.4 Isikhathi sokuxoxa aseneleUlimi liwulimi ngokukhulunywa. Abafundi bathola isikhathi esincane sokuxoxaemakilasini. Uthisha onikeza abafundi isikhathi esiningi sokuxoxa ubonakalanjengothisha ongawenzi kahle umsebenzi wakhe. IZiphathimandla ziyayezijabule ukubona uthisha emi phambi kwekilasi efundisa noma izingane zithulilezibhala umsebenzi.Lapho iZiphathimandla zivakashela izikole zithola ukuthi isikole sithulile, akukhomsindo ozwakalayo, okuzwakalayo amaphimbo othisha abafundisayo, ziyayezibone ukuthi ibambe ngakho, ukufunda kuyaqhubeka.Abafundi abasasitholi isikhathi esenele sokuhaya izinkondlo, imilolozelo, imilozikanye nezibongo. Abafundi abasenaso isikhathi samahubo, izithakazelo,izingxoxo kanye nezinganekwane. Kugcizelelwa ekutheni abafundi babhale.Uthisha ochitha isikhathi esiningi ematasa ngobuciko bomlomo uba indabaegudwini kozwakwabo. Kuthiwa uchitha isikhathi, uyadlala nabafundi.Ukungatholi ithuba lokukhuluma kwenza abafundi babopheke engqondweni,olimini kanye nasemzimbeni.Izingane ezingatholi ithuba lokukhuluma, ezichitha isikhathi esiningi zibhala,zigcina sezinenkinga nasekubhaleni:130

One useful hint in teaching is to encourageyoung children to dictate their stories, poems orcompositions. Relieved of the necessity ofstruggling with the mechanics of writing,children will produce charming and meaningfulcompositions.(Durojaiye, 1988:181).Ukuntuleka kwethuba lokuthi izingane zethule izinkulumo ekilasini noma zixoxeizinganekwane kwenza uthisha angayiqondi inkinga ekhungethe izinganeyomthelela wolimi lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebele ezikoleni zaseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.4.4.5 Abafundi abakhululekileLapho abafundi bekhululekile ekilasini bethula izinkulumo, bexoxaizinganekwane uthisha uthola ithuba elihle lokubona uhlobo lwenkinga inganeenayo ebangela ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhuluma nokufunda isiZulu ngendlelaefanele.Amanye amaphutha uthisha uthola ithuba lokuwalungisa ngaso leso sikhathiingane ixoxa noma yethula inkulumo. Ingane iyakhona ukulilungisa iphutha layonezinye izingane ezilalele ziyezwa, zilalele indlela okumele kwenziwe ngayo:Speaking must be encouraged … as childrenbecome socialized they improve the content oftheir language(Durojaiye, 1988:182).Lapho abafundi bekhuluma iyavela indlela abaphimisa ngayo amagama nothishabathola ithuba lokulungisa izingxenye zenkulumo lapho abafundi benenkingakhona.131

Ukufundiswa kobuciko bomlomo kudala ukuthi abafundi bahlomule ngolimilwesiZulu olucebile ngezisho, ngezaga, izifengqo kanye namagamaangajwayelekile.Indlela yokufunda nokufundisa equkethe izisekelo zokufunda nokufundiswakolimi ingavimba umonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulu, udalwa ulimilwesiSwazi nesiNdebele ezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga.4.5 IsiphethoUkufundiswa kwesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga kubhekene nezinselelo.Ezinye zalezi zinselelo zibangelwa ukuntuleka kothisha abaqeqeshiwe kanyenezikhungo zokuqeqesha othisha.Othisha abafundisa ulimi lwesiZulu abatholi ukwesekwa abakudingayoeMnyangweni Wezemfundo kanye nakubazali. Amagumbi abafundisa kuwokunabafundi abaningi nezinsiza kufunda azanele.Imiphumela yabafundi besiZulu abafunda ibanga leshumi ayigculisi, idlulwa ileyoyabafundi abafunda isiSwazi nesiNdebele eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Kumele kuliwe nalezi zinselelo ezibhekene nokufundiswa kolimi lwesiZulu.Izingane ziluthande ulimi, zihlomule kulo zibuye ziphumelele ngamalengisoekuhlolweni kwazo.132

ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU5.0 ISIHLAZIYO, IZINCOMO NESIPHETHO5.1 Isihlaziyo socwaningoLolu cwaningo luye lwakuveza ukuthi luhlose ukukhanyisela umphakathingengozi edalwa umthelela wezilimi isiSwazwi nesiNdebele, ezinganeni ezifundaisiZulu ezikoleni zaseSifundazweni sase Mpumalanga.UZulu kanye nabanye, (1996:338) bathi:Laba bafundi bahlushwa yisiSwazi nesiNdebele.Abanye baze bafake imifakela yesiNgisinesiBhunu engamukelekile esiZulwini Soqobo.Ukuphambanisa ongwaqabathwa kubangwaukwakhelana namaSwazi.Izibonelo:Amacanda esikhundleni sokuthi amaqanda.Imiqondo esikhundleni sokuthi imicondo.Ucatha esikhundleni sokuthi uqatha.Luye lwaveza lolu cwaningo ukuthi bonke abathintene neZemfundo basukume,bahlunge, balungise lokho okukhinyabeza abafundi. Abafundi baseSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga badinga ukuthi indaba yokufundwa nokufundiswa kolimilwesiZulu ithathelwe phezulu:Any serious study of language must involve astudy of this phonological, lexical, syntactic andtextual organisation.Although all languages are complex, some of theorganisational principles are nevertheless verygeneral, simple and intuitively obvious once they133

are pointed out and can therefore be explainedfairly rapidly.(Luthuli, 2003:25).Luye lwaveza lolu cwaningo ukuthi luhlose ukuthi abafundi balufunde ulimilwesiZulu ngokuluthanda nangokuluhlonipha. Bazethembe bangazenyezi ngolimilesiZulu:Language may be used as means of symbolisingculture.(Corner, 1984:61).Kuvelile kulolu cwaningo ukuthi enye yezinhloso zalo ukuthi abafundibaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga abafunda isiZulu basifunda kahle,bayiqondisise into abayifundayo. Ulimi lwesiSwazi nolesiNdebele zingabi zihibeekufundeni kwabo:The reader relies on his language sense inorderto make predictions about what he reads. Themore he is able to do, so less he depends on earlyreading skills and the more he is able tocomprehend.(Simōes, 1976:167).Kuvelile lokho okuyinhloso yalolu cwaningo okuwukuthi abafundi balubhalekahle ulimi lwesiZulu. Amagama esiZulu bawapele kahle ngendlela efanele.Amagama esiZulu kangabhalwa ahlanganiswe nawesiSwazi nesiNdebele:Informal spelling assessment, including theteacher-made tests and observations, will giveteacher his most useful information for designinga spelling program.(Norton, 1985:191).Lolu cwaningo luye lwaveza ukuthi luhlose ukuthi abafundi besiZulubaphumelele ngamalengiso kulesi sifundo.134

UBrennan, (1985:220) uthi ukuze abafundi baphumelele ngokusezingenieliphezulu ilokhu okulindeleke kuthisha:Develop a general class programme within which sub-goals and topics areorganised to allow individualisation.Ensure learning materials are sufficient for the range within the group.When teaching, think of individuals and not of the class.Keep adequate individual records of learning.Likuvezile lolu cwaningo ukuthi luhlose ukuhlomisa nokuqaphelisa othishamayelana nezinselelo ababhekene nazo ekufundisweni kwesiZulu ezikolenizaseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga:Another plus for language lessons, moreapparent to teachers than learners, is the spacethey create for developing thinking skills. Theconcentration invited by many of the activitieswhere words and sentences are being listened to,looked at and compared inorder to detect patternsand systems, is impressive.(Heugh nabanye, 1995:26).Luye lwakuveza lolu cwaningo ukuthi lukhuthazwe intshisekelo yokufunaukubona ulimi lwesiZulu lukhulunywa futhi lufundwa ngendlela eseqophelwenieliphezulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Sihlonishwa futhi samukelekaeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga:Children must be motivated to use their ownlanguage for various purposes and in a numberof life situations. Opportunities must be createdfor children to speak on any subject and at anysetting so that they realise that their language isrich in vocabulary, idiom and imagery.(Sidaki, 1987:26).135

Lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukuveza ukuthi umonakalo odalwa ulimi lesiSwazinesiNdebele olimini lesiZulu udala ukwehla kwemiphumela yokuphumelelakwabafundi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga:Candidates do not seem to be sure of what towrite. One gets the impression that children arenot always given an opportunity to write avariety of compositions.(Sidaki, 1987:144).Lukwazile lolu cwaningo ukuveza ukuthi ukufundiswa kwesiZulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ngendlela ezoletha impumelelo kuncike ekunakwenikwezinhloso zokufundisa isiZulu:From the above it is clear that at times teachersdo contribute to pupils frustrations, for example,when the teacher is unable to help the pupils topass the examination or to master the subjectbecause of the teacher‟s insufficient knowledgein the subject and or do not know the method ofpresenting that subject.(Nzimande, 1993:46).Lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukuveza ukuthi ezinye zezimbangela zokulimala kolimilwesiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga zidalwa ukuganiselana, ukufudukakwabantu, imincele ehlukanisa imiphakathi, imisakazo elalelwa imiphakathikanye nezinkulumo zamakhosi. Amakhosi kanye nabaholi banomthelelaendleleni umphakathi okhuluma ngayo ulimi:It is worth bearing in mind that languages andthe valves we attach to them are only socialconstructions. In a given social context, themeanings of languages are usually determined bythose in power and of course language works tokeep them in power.(Heugh nabanye, 1995:77).136

Lukuvezile lolu cwaningo ukuthi abazali banegalelo ekulimaleni kolimi lesiZulueSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ngenxa yokunganaki kwabo, ukungasekiizingane zabo ezifunda isiZulu kanye nothisha abazifundisayo. Abazali kumelebaxhumane nothisha kanye nezingane zabo ezifunda isiZulu:Parents should be invited to school to contributeto group work and school assemblies in theirown language.(Saunders, 1982:65).Lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukwenza ukuthi umonakalo odalwa ulimi lesiSwazinolesiNdebele olimini lesiZulu ubuye udalwe ukuthi izilimi zoMdabu azitholiukunakwa nokuhlonishwa njengezilimi zaseNtshonalanga:This results in some Black children viewing theirlanguage as inferior and thus try by all means toavoid it.(Nzimande, 1993:186).Likuvezile lolu cwaningo ukuthi ukubandakanywa kwesiZulu ezifundwenizeSayensi nezobuChwepheshe kusikhuphula isithunzi saso njengolimi:People will often say that you cannot teachphysics or chemistry in Zulu, for example,because Zulu does not have the requiredterminology. It would make you feel as ifEnglish and French were born with aterminology for physics. They obviouslydeveloped a terminology and so can Zulu.(Heugh nabanye, 1995:97).Likwazile lolu cwaningo ukuveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesiZuluekudluliseni ulwazi ngomkhiqizo othengiswa usuka kuleli zwe,kungakudlondlobalisa ukuthengiswa kwalowo mkhiqizo kukhuphule nesithunzisabantu abakhuluma ulimi lwesiZulu:137

The early colonisers assumed that learning anindigenous African language was not necessaryunless one was a merchant, for purposes ofbartering and trade, or a missionary, forevangelical purposes. The reason for theassumption was the belief that colonised nationsshould learn the languages of their colonisers.(Heugh nabanye, 1995:100).Lukwazile lolu cwaningo ukuveza ukuthi ukubakude kweSifundazwesaseMpumalanga nezindawo eziqukethe amagugu kaZulu, nezicebe ngomlandokaZulu kuyakukhubaza ukudlondlobala kolimi lesiZulu eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. IsiSwazi nesiNdebele zithola ukudlondlobala eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga. Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi umlando kanye namagugu axhumananalezi zilimi, kutholakala kulesi Sifundazwe saseMpumalanga:Ngugi Wa Thiongo, the Kenyan playwright andnovelist had this to say: If you learn a people’slanguage and you adopt their culture, you aremore likely to see yourself in terms of theirworld outlook.(Stone, 1981:112-113).Lolu cwaningo likuvezile ukuthi ukwanda kwemijondolo kunomthelelaemonakalweni odaleka olimini lwesiZulu. Ezindaweni eziseduze namadolobhabaningi abantu abathutheleka khona ngenhloso yokuyozama impilo engcono.Laba bantu bakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene. Izingane zinokulalela laphokukhulunywa bese zilingisa. Lokhu kuba nomthelela ekonakaleni kolimilesiZulu:A child learned about culture in the home bymethods of observation, imitation and play andlanguage played a very important role in thisrespect as it is taught much of the value systemsand symbols of the culture.(Ndabandaba, 1984:60).138

Lukwazile lolu cwaningo ukuveza ukuthi imitapo yezincwadi eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga ayicebile ngezincwadi zesiZulu. Izincwadi ezitholakalangokuningi ilezo ezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiSwazi nesiNdebele. Lokhu kudalaumonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Izingane ezifunda isiZulu zintula imithombo laphozingazitholela khona ulwazi:Language is a crucial aspect which requiresmuch attention. Yet many children with speechand language problems are not being helped withtheir language due to lack of resources.(Reddy, 1996:88).Lolu cwaningo likuvezile ukuthi umonakalo okhona olimini lesiZulueSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ungancishiswa ukubambisana okunzulu phakathikukathisha, umfundi kanye nomzali. Abazali nabo kumele babe ingxenyeyezinhlelo ezihlalelwe ukufundiswa kwengane nguthisha:A classroom teacher who is intimately involvedin the planning, strives to interact with childrenand participates actively in their learning, andcooperate effort between the teacher and a parentin the home to encourage support for the work ofthe program.(Morgan, 1995:186).Kuvelile kulolu cwaningo ukuthi umonakalo odaleka olimini lesiZulu, udalekangoba abanye othisha abafundisa isiZulu abaqeqeshiwe kuso, baqeqeshwekwezinye izifundo. Amakolishi lapho kuqeqeshwa khona othisha ayindlalaeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga. Othisha abafundisa isiZulu abanalo ulwaziolwanele:Experience has taught that some of Blackteachers are not equal to their tasks.Investigations reveal that teachers unconsciouslybecome responsible for the frustration of pupils.(Luthuli, 1981:29).139

Lolu cwaningo likuvezile ukuthi othisha abafundisa isiZulu abatholi ukusekwaokufanele kubazali njengoba kusuke kwenzeka kwezinye izifundo. Abazaliabanaki ukuthi izingane zabo ziqhuba kanjani esifundweni sesiZulu:The teacher cannot educate the child properlywithout the assistance of the parents. Parentsmust take part in the child‟s education so that thechild can eventually actualise his potentialities.(Phewa, 1992:132).Kuvelile kulolu cwaningo ukuthi ubukhulu bamagumbi ezingane ezifunda isiZulukuyawudala umonakalo olimini lwesiZulu. Kubalukhuni kuthisha ukubhekananenkinga yengane nengane. Egunjini elinezingane eziyingcosana uthishauyakwazi ukubhekana nenkinga ekhungethe lowo nalowo mfundi:There has been a shortage of classrooms andteachers and this results in overcrowding. Insuch overcrowded classes, the individualisedinstruction cannot be attempted by the teacher,thus individual needs of the pupils are notcatered for.(Nzimande, 1993:52).Lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukuveza ukuthi izinga lokuphumelela kwabafundieSifundazweni saseMpumalanga lehlile. Bambalwa abafundi abaphumelelangendlela egculisayo olimini lwesiZulu lapho kuqhathaniswa nesiSwazi kanyenesiNdebele:Zimbili kuphela izingane ezifunda isiZulu ulimilwasekhaya ezaphumelela ngamalengiso ngowe-2008. Iningi lezingane ezaphumelelangamalengiso, ilezo ezifunda isiSwazinesiNdebele.(Mathonsi, 2010).Kuvelile kulolu cwaningo ukuthi iningi labafundi alizinikeli ngendlela efaneleemsebenzini wesikole. Lokhu kudala ukuthi uma befunda banganaki:140

High school pupils are not sufficiently equippedwith basic skills. These basic study skillsinclude the ability to read and comprehendlanguage correctly.(Engelbrecht nabanye, 1996:251).Lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukuveza ukuthi umonakalo odaleka olimini lwesiZulungenxa yomthelela wolimi lesiNdebele nesiSwazi, ubhebhezelwa indlela ulimilwesiZulu eselufundiswa ngayo. Othisha bagcizelela ekutheni izingane zibhaleumsebenzi. Isikhathi sokuxoxa asanele emakilasini:Language learning is an active process and besttakes place in genuinely communicativesituations.(Mills, 1993:26).Lapho izingane zibhala kuphela zingakhulumi, uthisha akabi nalo ithubalokuhlola nokulungisa amaphutha lapho ingane ikhuluma.5.2 IzincomoLolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi kwakhiwe Izikhungo Zemfundo EphakemeeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ukuze kukhiqizwe othisha abaningi kanyenalabo abazofundisa isiZulu. Othisha abavela kwezinye izifundazwe bayahambabaphindele emakhaya.Lubuye luncome lolu cwaningo ukuba kube nemifundaze eminingi eyabelwa laboabafuna ukufundisa nokufunda isiZulu Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme.Lokhu kungaheha abafundi abaningi kubenze basithande isiZulu.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba othisha bazise abafundi ngamathuba akhonaekufundeni isiZulu, abafundi mabazi ukuthi isiZulu sibaluleke kakhulu futhisinamathuba. Lokhu kungenza abafundi basithande isiZulu futhi baqikelele umabesifunda.141

Ngokwalolu cwaningo othisha kumele batshale umoya wokuziqhenya kubafundingolimi lwabo, isiZulu. Lokhu makwenziwe ngokufundisa abafundi umlandokaZulu ogcwele izenzo zobuqhawe.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba Iziphathimandla zeZemfundo zilusukumele udabalokugcwala kwabafundi emakilasini. Ikilasi kumele libe nenani elifanelelabafundi ukuze uthisha akwazi ukunaka izidingo zomfundi nomfundi. Lokhukunganciphisa umonakalo odalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi kanye nesiNdebeleezinganeni ezifunda isiZulu eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba othisha banike abafundi ithuba lokuthulaizinkulumo nezinkulumo-mpikiswana emakilasini. Lokhu kungasiza uthishaekuboneni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga abafundi abanazo. Uthisha angakwaziukubona uhlobo lwenkinga ingane nengane enalo, lokho kunciphise umonakaloodalwa ulimi lwesiSwazi nolwesiNdebele.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba aBaphathi bezikole lapho kufundwa khona isiZulubanikezele ngezinsuku ezithize ngesonto okuzokhulunywa ngazo isiZulu. LokhuaBaphathi abaningi bezikole bayakwenza esiNgisini ngakho-ke nasesiZulwinikuzomele bakwenze. Izingane kuzomele zikhulume isiZulu esisezingenieliphezulu ngalolo suku, esicebe ngezaga, izisho, izifengqo kanye nezinye izimozokukhuluma. Othisha kuzomele bancome labo bafundi abakhuluma isiZuluesihle, bangabakhuthazi labo abaphula isiZulu. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthiabafundi basibone isiZulu kuwulimi olubalulekile njengoba bakwaziukuhlukanisa phakathi kolimi oluqondile nolungaqondanga.Lolu cwaningo luncome ukuba Iziphathimandla zifake imali eningi ekufundeninasekufundisweni kwesiZulu ukuze kungantuleki izincwadi kanye nezinyeizinsizakufunda. Lubuye luncome ukuthi kufakwe imali eningi ekuthuthukiswenikolimi lwesiZulu, izifundiswa zakithi ziqhubeke nokuhlahla indlela ulimi142

olungathuthukiswa ngayo, zibuye ziqhamuke namagama amasha anembayo ezintoesezikhona ezintsha.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi makufakwe ingcindezi yokuthi ulimi lwesiZululusetshenziswe ekuchazeni ukusebenza kwayo yonke imikhiqizo etholakala kulelilikaMthaniya. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ulimi lwesiZulu luhlonishwenabalukhulumayo bazizwe behloniphekile.Isibonelo:Uma uthenga imoto yohlobo lwe-BMW kuleli likaMthaniya,ibhukwana elichaza ngokusebenza kwaleyo moto malibenengxenye ebhalwe ngesiZulu njengoba isiNgisi, isiJalimanenesiBhunu zinezingxenye zazo.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi uhulumeni waseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga,makaqikelele ukuthi emitatsheni yezincwadi kukhona izincwadi eziningiezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiZulu njengoba esifundeni saseGert Sibande kunabafundiabaningi abafunda isiZulu.Lolu cwaningo lubuye luncome ukuthi abafundi bazinikele emsebenzini wabowesikole. Bazinike isikhathi ukuze bazicije endleleni abakhuluma ngayo,abafunda ngayo nababhala ngayo isiZulu. Lokho kunganciphisa umonakaloodalekayo olimini lwesiZulu.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba abafundi balalele izinhlelo ezithile emsakazweniuKhozi F.M. ezicebe ngolimi lwesiZulu. Lokho kungabasiza abafundi mayelananempimiso yamagama eshaya emhlolweni.Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi abazali abaseke othisha besiZulu njengoba besekaothisha bezinye izifundo. Lokhu kuzokhuthaza nabafundi ekwenzeni umsebenziwabo wesiZulu.143

Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi isiZulu asisetshenziswe njengolimi lokufundisanokufunda ezikoleni. Lungene luthathe indawo yesiNgisi kuzo zonke izifundo.Lokhu akwenziwe ezindaweni lapho kufundwa khona isiZulu. Lokhukuzokwenza abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukufinyelela engonyulukeni yento esukeifundwa ngaphandle kwezihibe. IsiZulu kanye nabasikhulumayo bayohlonishwaumhlaba wonke ngenxa yokuzethemba.5.3 IsiphethoLikhulu ithemba ukuthi indlela isiZulu esifundwa ngayo eSifundazwenisaseMpumalanga izoba noguquko. Abafundi, othisha kanye nabazali bezinganeezifunda isiZulu bazobambisana ukuze indlela isiZulu esifundiswa ngayoeSifundazweni saseMpumalanga ithuthuke.Likhulu ithemba lokuthi emva kwalolu cwaningo izokwehluka indlela iziphathimandlaezibheka ngayo ulimi lwesiZulu. Kulindeleke ukuthi kube noguqukonasendleleni izimali ezizokwabiwa ngayo. IsiZulu sihlomule naso njengezinyeizifundo.Ithemba likhulu ukuthi kuzotshaleka umoya wokuziqhenya ngolimi lwesiZulukothisha nakubafundi eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga.IsiZulu njengolimi kumele sifundiswe ngokuhlonishwa. IsiSwazi nesiNdebelenazo zidinga ukuhlonishwa njengazo zonke izilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika.Ithemba likhulu ukuthi uhulumeni waseSifundazweni saseMpumalangauzobhekisisa izinselelo ezibhekene nokuqeqeshwa kothisha abafundisa isiZuluesifundazweni, ukuntuleka kwezincwadi zesiZulu emitatsheni yolwazinasezikoleni, ukugcwala kwamakilasi kanye nokungabikho kwemifundaze yalaboabafuna ukufunda baqhubeke nesiZulu.144

Akukho ukungabaza ukuthi othisha bazocacelwa izinto eziyimbangelayokungaphumeleli ngendlela kwabafundi, baseSifundazweni saseMpumalanga,esifundweni sesiZulu.Isizwe siyisizwe ngolimi. Ukufa kolimi ukufa kwesizwe. Abafundi, othishakanye nabazali kumele babambisane eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga, balwenomthelela odaleka olimini lwesiZulu.INDLOVU IHLATSHWA UMUNTU WONKE ANDUKUBA IWE!145

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