Makivik Magazine Issue 97

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kN[7u 3vspn3†5 3vspnDt[iq5 mr[4 eu3Dxq5 xjZhQxq5 WI3îi3ns§5. v[yø9l xyq9l cf3bsq8Nom§i4 ieø5, É2ÙA5 xqi3nmExl8i4 v[yxc§at9lQ5 xjZhQxq5 WI3ii3ni4. bm4fx wclw5 ystqb wlxi5 WymJ5 nsî5 wfxMj5 ßtxW5bsgxCu4 bf5nD5yx§5 x3ÇAbµ5 wÏzJ3ÌEc5bymIq5. wclw5 v[yxq5 x5Pœ1qg7mEs7mb gryAtsA8N§aK5 xexD7ubsJ5 v[yx5 bf5hQ5 ckw5gu4 wcl5ggc3im¯5. wclw5 xuCqb v[yq5 si4vsy5nbc3insJ5 c5yi4 srsc3m¯b gryAt5ngxa5Iq8Nu4. s5©tQlA, ñà5 xuCqb v[yq5 ƒ4hx2 ƒzi ñmbsc5bymJ5 gryAtsc5bym7mb ñm3bsJ6 bEsox§a7mz9lî5 s{?l8î5 bEs2 r9oxi ƒ2 Ùzîgw8N§a8im¯5, c5yi9l x3ÇAc3m¯5 c5y[5hil hëMs3ym7m¯5. rA†5 yti3ÙaK5 ßmÔ2 x?Ìi. v[y[isix1åEIs§aJ5 rA†5 Wbc3uht9¬vu4 WD3Xoxymi3u4 gryAtsA8Ngi4 xg3bslr§i4 ßmJ6 c5yi4 x3ÇAc3im¯5 gryix3gk5 s{?¬8î5 c5yi4 kN[7u cspn3ik5 W5Jp[7u WNh5†5 WNhoi9MEso3g5 c5yi4 srsc3m¯b cspn3iu4 s[l3i4 kN[7u5 Nrgw8N6 kNi5 WymJi4. wMq5 h4Ügu4 WD3Xoxic§5 srscoD- 8NX5g5 @)-i4 szÌil kN[7u5 WIsm5ht4, xyq5 hv8inu4 WD3Xoxic§5 x3ÇAc3ht4 WzhxWgw8Ni4 xqJxl1a§at9lQ5. x3ÇAc3g[isANs7m¯5. rAt[î5 wMq5 gry- Is5nstQxW§5 c5yi4 x3ÇAc3im¯b, ß5©tQlQ5 NlN1qg7mE s?5g5 eMlá5 rAtq5. xyq5, ß5©tQlQ5 g5g[î5 rAtq5, NlN3ins§5. xg3hb r9¬tu4 iMsI5nIu4 ®No7u4, ñ5g“1¯W8i4 r9l§aJA5 GwkZ1axW5 frqb ñ8ict9lxvnzi4H r9lhb eMlZ[is2 rAt[iq8i4 ry5yixoC5b c5yi4 wÏzJfÌc3m¯b Ì4ftÅNl c5yi4 srsc3im¯b u5nsñyltQ5. Öm1z si3n6 rAtq5 kais§5 Öà7m5 c5yi4 srsc9ME8im¯b u5nsñgw8Ni3ns§aJA5. eMlZ3ixX5gk5 x3ÇAbµ5 gJ3bs§aJA5 eMlá5 rAt[iq8i4 u5yt8i &) sk3io8i4 cspnC5nt8i4 c5yi4 wysCo5Ì5 v[yxQ4. Lake trout otoliths. srsc3im¯b. eMlá5 eMlZs2 rAtz dWfÌ5ymJ6. wMq5 %) szÌi5gi4 Cross section of a beluga tooth. rAtuA5 WD3Xo xymi3u ªozJi4 grjx5gfÌ3bym§5. i3J†5 wMq5 rAto5nIs1qgx3mb, ß5©tQlQ5 x3“5, ßmJi4 hfwèi4f5 woymJ7m‰5 xKzsi3n6 WNhAtcChQxc§aJ5 gryZhxMzgxCu4 c5yi4 srsc3im¯5. Ö5hmisi3nso3g6, x3“5 ystqb s[lq8i4 xgc5bymJ5 grosDtQ5hQ5 x3[4 c5yi4 srsc3im¯5. xg3bsc5bym7uht9l c5ygax5 h3cqb ieq8îg5 Gh3ò5 kai1a§aZlx3tlQ5 xfiibsogxCu4H. x3[i9o c5yi4 srsc3im¯b cspn3g5 xgc5bymJ5 wpqb wmzî5g5 xy5pb3iq8i4. bm8N grosEAtsc5bym5hi xg3bsA8âMs3ym7uJ6 x3ÇA5 !(&)-î5g5 xiA3Xoxt9lQ5 ryxio s9lu st3ym?o3uJ6 bm8N c5yi4 srsc3m¯5 gryix3iu4 WNhAbsAy6. ßmJi4 hfwèi4f5 woymJ7m‰5 gryQxc§a7mb c5yi4 srsc3im¯b W5Jtc3ht4 srsEIsJ5 gryAtsA8N §aiq8i4 cktQ4 i3J†5 wlyc5y xClx3m¯b. xyqtA5 ßmJ[is2 cktQ4 xqic3igw8Nzi4 gryAtcv9Mg w8N§aZlx3uht4. grymAtcDuN9ME7m5 i3J†5, ß5©tQlQ5 wysCo5Ì5, x3CAq5 sk3y?9oxt9lQ5 rˆi3lfbc3iq5 xqo?9oxic§a7m¯b. ra9ouò bfo3uA[5 rAt[i3u4, v[y[i3ul8î5 s{?l8î5 s[9lf[i3u4 b9lD8N[i3ul8î5, whmyZI3gnso3St5 ckw5g[is5nuJ3orx6 ßm5hi hNi9orx6 wlu5nuJ6 si4vsy5nui4. 72
kN[7u 3vspn3†5 3vspnDt[iq5 30 Nunavik Research Fact Sheet 30 Determining Age of Animals from Hard Tissues The seasonality of food supply or changing life styles of animals with the seasons results in recognizable growth zones in hard tissues in their bodies. Over the years, biologists have used these parts to estimate the age of these animals. In shellfish such as scallops and mussels, there are many small lines on the outer shell, but the most reliable method of aging them is to take a thin section out of the umbo (hinge) and count the layers in the mother-of-pearl. Staff at the Nunavik Research Centre are experienced at aging hundreds of mussels from various areas of Nunavik. Some slow growing mussels live to be 20 years or more in Nunavik, while others grow fast and are large by three years of age. Depending on the species either a scale or otolith (ear bone) is used to age fish. Charr have small otoliths that are harder to extract from the fish’s head. Whitefish, on the other hand, have large otoliths that are more easy to find. The otoliths are sometimes burnt a little to make the lines show up better. Fish otoliths are very characteristic for a particular fish and can be used to identify the species when found in stomach contents. Scales also tell a story rather than just age. For instance, scales from salmon caught in the Koksoak River reveal if the fish is a sea-run salmon or an estuarine fish, its age and the number of times it has spawned. Biologists need to determine the age because often the age structure tells the health of the population. Teeth are the hardest tissue in a mammal’s body. Teeth are thought to have evolved from scales and also contain growth zones that are used to age the animal or get an index of age. Some teeth are easy to age, such as simple beluga teeth. Others, such as caribou teeth, are more complicated. Using a with a diamond tipped saw, we make thin sections (about the thickness of your finger nail) of beluga teeth and count the lines to get an index of age. Often the top of the tooth is worn down so only a minimum age is estimated. Beluga hunters send us about 70 teeth a year to section and age. Some beluga have more than 50 growth zones in their teeth. When an animal has no teeth, such as the bowhead whale, biologists have to Some slow growing mussels live to be 20 years or more in Nunavik, while others grow fast and are large by three years of age. be more resourceful if they want an age. In the past, the waxy ear plugs of baleen whales has been used. Also the bumps on the baleen plates ñms2 v[yz xq9otEstj5 xq9ot3ymJ6. A magnified salmon scale. (although baleen wears with age). With bowheads, some use the chemical changes in the eye. This method was dismissed for use in the 1<strong>97</strong>0s but has come back into fashion. s[lw5 Íq5 bfJbs5yxD8NS5 s[lw5 c5yi4 srsc3m¯b. Small lines on the outer shell of mussels are a reliable way to determine their age. WD3Xoxi3ui eMlá5 rAtq5 co‰i4 wvzJ3Ìc5b§5 grymAtsA8Ngi4 c5yME8i4 srsc3m¯b. Growth layers are produced in belugas’ teeth as they age. Biologists need to determine the age because often the age structure tells the health of the population. Other times they need only a rough idea such as an animal’s size. It is interesting to know if animals, such as lake trout, accumulate contaminants with age. The next time you see a tooth, a scale, or a shell, you might wonder what secrets are hidden inside of it. MAKIVIK mag a zine 73
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Makivik Magazine Issue 97

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