Tomorrow's Railway and Climate Change Adaptation Final Report

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operation of the GB railway (all climate variables) • Review available machinery and equipment that can install drainage at the same speed and volumes as the other track installation equipment to achieve efficiencies (high precipitation) • Study the effect climate change might have on the occurrence of lineside fires (high temperatures, low precipitation, lightning and electrical storms). 3. Further work on ‘weather and climate resilient’ design and management options with multiple benefits This includes recommendations to: Long term (to action/ implement in next 15- 25 years) • Influence potential revisions to structural assessment codes to include consideration of temperature ranges. Early consideration could help to influence development of the next round of British Standards and Eurocodes (high temperature) • Identify technologies for waterproofing of earthworks to keep water in, preventing soil desiccation, or out, preventing soil saturation (high precipitation, low precipitation). • Explore innovative approaches for new types of post-flood remedial work with other benefits e.g. using earthworks for enhanced flood risk mitigation (high precipitation, high sea levels and storm surge). • Take an adaptive pathways approach, such as that developed by the Thames Estuary 2100 project [032], to the long term management of the GB railway to improve resilience of infrastructure to flood risk and storm damage (high precipitation, high winds, high sea levels and storm surge). 34
3.8 Review of relevant standards Appendix F of the Phase 1 report contains three tables (Phase 1 Appendices F1, F2 and F3). These summarise the standards used to inform design and operational decision making within the GB railway industry, with relevance to the consideration of weatherrelated impacts and risks. Projected changes to the UK’s climate could have implications for the ongoing applicability of these standards. Phase 1 Appendix F1 lists standards used predominantly to inform decisions about the design of systems and sub-systems which comprise the GB railway. These refer to, or are based on, some kind of stated weather-related threshold. Depending on the varying design lives and replacement schedules of assets, systems and sub-systems (indicated by Table 2 in Section 3 in the Phase 1 report), some design decisions based upon these standards in the short term could potentially have implications many decades in the future. They could affect performance, cost and the safety of the GB railway in years to come when climate change impacts are projected to be greater. Therefore, it is important to review these standards with climate change projections in mind. This will establish whether the thresholds referred to within the standards are still appropriate and fit for purpose. Phase 1 Appendix F2 lists standards used predominantly to inform decisions about the operation and management of systems and sub-systems which comprise the GB railway. They generally cover the immediate weather impacts on the railway. This means that decisions based on these standards have shorter term implications than those listed in Phase 1 Appendix F1. However the climate variable parameters and weather thresholds addressed in these standards are likely to need reviewing in the context of projected climate change. They also need to be relevant to the operational railway today. Therefore reviewing and updating these standards, based upon experiences of extreme weather events as and when they occur, could be considered an ongoing process which is part of business-as-usual activities. A preliminary quantitative assessment of the need to review the weather-related thresholds for the standards listed in Phase 1 Appendices F1 and F2 has been undertaken. Suggestions have been made for other research that may be required. The corresponding T1009 Compendium of Research (CoR) reference number for each standard is provided in the last column. Phase 1 Appendix F3 lists other standards which were reviewed as part of the T1009 project. These standards are relevant to weather and climate-related design and operational decisions and responses. However, they do not include any specific weather-related thresholds or parameters that could be quantitatively reviewed and/ or adjusted if necessary to take projected climate change impacts into account. It would be prudent to consider the impacts of projected climate change on the management processes set out in these standards in a qualitative way, with a view to potentially establishing relevant thresholds and parameters if appropriate. 35
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Tomorrow's Railway and Climate Chan
Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary This is the execu
Page 5 and 6: Principal recommendations and findi
Page 7 and 8: GB railway is ahead of European and
Page 9 and 10: Climate change will impact asset li
Page 11 and 12: Final Report Page Number • It is
Page 13 and 14: Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..
Page 15 and 16: 4.5.1 Case Study: Dealing with unce
Page 17 and 18: 5.2 What the impacts of climate cha
Page 19 and 20: 5.23 Task 5C Geographic systems mod
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction This is the final re
Page 23 and 24: 2 Scope The T1009 programme of rese
Page 25 and 26: We have highlighted any Phase 1 rec
Page 27 and 28: takes projected future rainfall inc
Page 29 and 30: Stakeholder workshops and other sta
Page 31 and 32: Timescale Recommendations • Analy
Page 33 and 34: 3.2 People 3.2.1 Changes to current
Page 35 and 36: 3.3 Rolling stock 3.3.1 Changes to
Page 37 and 38: 3.3.5 Recommendations for action -
Page 39 and 40: how to manage disrupted services. H
Page 41 and 42: thresholds could be identified. Not
Page 43 and 44: 3.5.5 Recommendations for action -
Page 45 and 46: flooding and its relationship with
Page 47 and 48: 3.7 Infrastructure 3.7.1 Changes to
Page 49 and 50: effect) wind environment. See http:
Page 51 and 52: There is a need to increase underst
Page 53: full hydraulic modelling of drainag
Page 57 and 58: 3.9 Opportunities and links with ot
Page 59 and 60: The major sensitivities to high win
Page 61 and 62: 4 Phase 2 summary A summary of the
Page 63 and 64: 4.1 Task 1A Economics of climate ch
Page 65 and 66: Determining the weather events that
Page 67 and 68: The third, the uncertainty relating
Page 69 and 70: other techniques such as MCA to bet
Page 71 and 72: Environment Agency’s more standar
Page 73 and 74: Cost-benefit analysis may be best s
Page 75 and 76: 4.6 Task 2AB Overseas weather and r
Page 77 and 78: Table 11: Locations of comparison c
Page 79 and 80: • Often, potential engineering so
Page 81 and 82: • This is similar to the three-pa
Page 83 and 84: sectors, the majority are for highw
Page 85 and 86: these are well understood but limit
Page 87 and 88: The overall finding of the integrat
Page 89 and 90: 4.14 Task 4C Metrics evaluation, co
Page 91 and 92: However we conclude that we need to
Page 93 and 94: 4.19 Task 5C Geographic systems mod
Page 95 and 96: analysis was well underway. Designe
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Page 99 and 100: 4.22 Task 5F Geographic systems mod
Page 101 and 102: Leadership Group and the Infrastruc
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Degree of specification. This inclu
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perspectives and information they g
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long-term considerations, in additi
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5 Conclusions and recommendations M
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literature and information, these p
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T1009 Phase 2 comprises nine resear
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5.4 What else can be done by the GB
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significance. It is recommended tha
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5.8.6 Data gathering The specific w
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Consequently caution is recommended
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5.15.2 Local or specific level reco
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5.19 Task 4E Task 4E Metrics evalua
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understanding will enable Network R
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10. Network Rail flood risk map 11.
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5.25 Task 5E Geographic systems mod
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• Lessons learned • Establish i
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Opportunities for lower priority re
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5.33.3 Remaining projects - monitor
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BIM BRE BREEAM C&WR CARRS CaSL CBA
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ENE (TSI definition) EPBD EPSRC ERA
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METEX MORECS MOWE-IT mph m.s -1 MTI
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Scenario SCP SEPA SFT SBP SEPA SMD
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WP1C Work Package C of RSSB project
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Tomorrow's Railway and Climate Change Adaptation Final Report

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