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HYPNOTERAPl - Dansk Selskab for Klinisk Hypnose

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20<br />

who take care of them. Hypnosis is invaluable <strong>for</strong> symptom control which can greatly<br />

decrease suffering and enhance quality of life and quality time spent with loved ones. It can<br />

also be invaluable <strong>for</strong> dealing with existential questions which arise with increasing frequency<br />

and urgency in these phase. While these patients are experi-enced in using self-hypnosis,<br />

there are times when they become too ill to do their own work. Family members can often be<br />

instructed in very simple maneuvers <strong>for</strong> trance induction, deepening, or pacing (such as<br />

shoulder pressure, <strong>for</strong> example). It is particularly gratifying <strong>for</strong> the patient and his loved ones<br />

when they are able to help when dispair is at its peak. It is <strong>for</strong> these patients that I do prepare<br />

tapes which are highly individualized. Telephone trances can be effectively alternated with<br />

home visits.<br />

PHASE IV: CANCER "SURVIVORS"<br />

Such patients often feel vulnerable and anxious partly because they see their doctors, who had<br />

been watching them so closely, less frequently now. Their plans and actions may, <strong>for</strong> years,<br />

be oversha-dowed by the sense of having a Damocles sword hanging over them.<br />

In several instances a single session has relieved this problem and returned patients to<br />

enjoying their lives normally. One such patients calls me every few years <strong>for</strong> a brief "peptalk",<br />

and is extremely active and well-adjusted otherwise.<br />

CONCLUSION<br />

In my experiencc, hypnosis can be of significant benefit to cancer patients in any stage of<br />

their disease. However, benefits can be maxi-mized if hypnotic intervention is initiated at the<br />

earliest possible time, i.e., the moment the diagnosis has been made. This can not only avoid<br />

unnecessary suffering <strong>for</strong> the patient, but it empowers him and makes it much easier <strong>for</strong> the<br />

physician. It may protect the patient from lea-ving medical treatment, or from seeking<br />

dangerous alternative methods.<br />

Maximum benefit can be achieved by a combination of educational approaches with<br />

continued emotional support including positive sug-gestions - whether used in <strong>for</strong>mal trance<br />

states or in<strong>for</strong>mally.<br />

References<br />

AHLES TA, BLANCHARD EB, RUCKDESCHEL JC (1983). The multidimensional nature<br />

of cancer-related pain.-Pain, 17:277-288.<br />

CHEFK DB (l962). Importance of recognizing that surgical patients behave as though<br />

hypnotized. Am J CIin Hypn, 4:227-236.<br />

EGBERT LD, BATTIT GE, WELCH CE, BARTLETT MK (1964). Reduction of<br />

postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. New England J Med,<br />

270:825-827.<br />

GENIUS ML (1995). The use of hypnosis in helping cancer patients control anxiety, pain,<br />

and emesis: a review of recent empirical studies. American Journal of Clinical<br />

Hypnosis, 37:316-325<br />

HILGARD JR, LEBARON S. (1982). Relief on anxiety and pain in children and adolescents<br />

with cancer: quantitative measures and clinical observations. Jnt. J. of Clin and Exp<br />

Hypnosis, 30:417-442<br />

HILGARD ER, HILGARD JR. Hypnosis in the Relief of Pain. Los Altos, CA, William<br />

Kaufmann, 1985<br />

KANFER FH, SEIDNER ML (1973). Self-control: factors enhancing tolerance of noxious<br />

stimulation. J. Pers. Psychol, 25:381-388<br />

KATZ ER, KELLERMAN J, ELLENBERG L. (1987). Hypnosis in the reduction of acute<br />

pain and distress in children with cancer. J. of Ped. Psychol, 12(3):379-394<br />

KELLERMAN J. ZELTZER L, ELLENSBERGER L, DASR J. (1983). Adolescents with

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