Трансформация конфликтов: комплексная задача - Berghof ...

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3.2. äÓÓapple‰Ë̇ˆËfl Ë ÏÌÓ„ÓÛappleÓ‚Ì‚‡fl ‰ËÔÎÓχÚËfl
èappleÓ·ÎÂχ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ„Ó ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl ËÌˈˇÚË‚ ̇ apple‡ÁÌ˚ı ÛappleÓ‚Ìflı Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl-
ÂÚ ÓÒÓ·Û˛ ÒÎÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ‰Îfl Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËË ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡. Ç ÚÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â, ÍÓ„‰‡ Ú‡ÍÓ ‚Á‡-
ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ë ÔappleÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ, ÓÌÓ ÏÓÊÂÚ ÔappleË‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ Í ÔappleÓ‰ÛÍÚË‚Ì˚Ï appleÂÁÛθڇڇÏ, ͇Í
˝ÚÓ ÔappleÓËÁÓ¯ÎÓ ‚ å‡Í‰ÓÌËË (ÒÏ. ·ÓÍÒ 6).
èapple˂‰ÂÌÌ˚È ÔappleËÏÂapple, Ӊ̇ÍÓ, Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÍÓapple ËÒÍβ˜ÂÌËÂ, ÔÓÒÍÓθÍÛ
ÒÎ˯ÍÓÏ ˜‡ÒÚÓ ‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËÂ Ë ‚̯ÌË ‡ÍÚÓapple˚ ̇ apple‡Á΢Ì˚ı ÛappleÓ‚Ìflı ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Û˛Ú Ì‡-
ÔÂappleÂÍÓapple ‰appleÛ„ ‰appleÛ„Û. ùÚÓ Ì ۉ˂ËÚÂθÌÓ, ÂÒÎË ‚ÒÔÓÏÌËÚ¸, ̇ÒÍÓθÍÓ ÓÚ΢‡˛ÚÒfl Ëı
ÏËappleÓ‚ÓÁÁappleÂÌËfl (ÒÏ. ·ÓÍÒ 7). ÑÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl ̇ Ó‰ÌÓÏ ÛappleÓ‚Ì ËÌÓ„‰‡ ÔÓ‰apple˚‚‡˛Ú ÛÒËÎËfl,
Ôapple‰ÔappleËÌËχÂÏ˚ ̇ ‰appleÛ„ÓÏ. ç‡ÔappleËÏÂapple, ÂÒÎË Óapple„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËfl ÒÚappleÂÏËÚÒfl apple‡Áapple¯ËÚ¸
ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ ÌÂ̇ÒËθÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ÏË ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ÏË, ÂÈ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÒÎÓÊÌÓ ÒÓÚappleÛ‰Ì˘‡Ú¸ Ò Ôapple‡‚Ë-
ÚÂθÒÚ‚ÓÏ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ Ì ÔappleÂÌ·apple„‡ÂÚ ÒËÎÓ‚˚ÏË ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ÏË, ˜ÚÓ·˚ Á‡ÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ ÏÂÒÚÌ˚Â
„appleÛÔÔ˚ ÔappleËÏËappleËÚ¸Òfl Ò Â„Ó ÛÒÎÓ‚ËflÏË. åËÌËÒÚÂappleÒÚ‚‡ ËÌÓÒÚapple‡ÌÌ˚ı ‰ÂÎ Ó·˚˜ÌÓ ÌÂ
ÔappleË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛Ú ‚ϯ‡ÚÂθÒÚ‚Ó çèé ‚ ‰ËÔÎÓχÚ˘ÂÒÍÛ˛ ÒÙÂappleÛ.
èapple‡ÍÚËÍË, Á‡ÌËχ˛˘ËÂÒfl Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËÂÈ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚÓ‚ ̇ ÌÂÔapple‡‚ËÚÂθÒÚ‚ÂÌ-
ÌÓÏ ÛappleÓ‚ÌÂ, ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚ Ò ‚ÌËχÌËÂÏ Ë Û‚‡ÊÂÌËÂÏ ÓÚÌÓÒËÚ¸Òfl Í ÍÛθÚÛapple ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚÌÓ-
„Ó apple„ËÓ̇, Í ˆÂÎflÏ Ë ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚflÏ ÓÒڇθÌ˚ı ‡ÍÚÓappleÓ‚. éÌË ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚ ÔÓÏÌËÚ¸, ˜ÚÓ
Ì ‚Ò„‰‡ ÒÔÓÒÓ·Ì˚ ‚ÎËflÚ¸ ̇ ‰appleÛ„Ëı ‡ÍÚÓappleÓ‚, ˜¸Ë ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl Ó͇Á˚‚‡˛Ú ‚ÎËflÌË ̇
Ëı ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÛ˛ apple‡·ÓÚÛ. ÅÓΠÚÓ„Ó, ÍÓ„‰‡ Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËfl ÔÓÚapple·ÛÂÚ ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl
ÒÚapple‡Ú„ËÈ ‡ÍÚÓappleÓ‚ ÔÂapple‚Ó„Ó ÛappleÓ‚Ìfl ‚Ì ÁÓÌ˚ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡, ÓÚ ÌËı ÏÓÊÂÚ ÔÓÚapple·ӂ‡Ú¸-
Òfl apple‡Ò¯ËappleÂÌË χүڇ·‡ ‰ÂflÚÂθÌÓÒÚË. ç‡ÔappleËÏÂapple, apple‡ÒÚÂÚ ÔappleËÁ̇ÌË ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ Ú‡ÍËÂ
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ÅÓÍÒ 6: ëÓÚappleÛ‰Ì˘ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛappleÓ‚Ì‚ÓÈ ‰ËÔÎÓχÚËË ‚ å‡Í‰ÓÌËË
èappleËÏÂapple å‡Í‰ÓÌËË Ò‚Ë‰ÂÚÂθÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ Ó ÚÓÏ, ˜ÚÓ ËÌˈˇÚË‚˚, Ôapple‰ÔappleËÌflÚ˚Â
̇ apple‡ÁÌ˚ı ÛappleÓ‚Ìflı, ÏÓ„ÛÚ ÔÓ-̇ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÏÛ ‰ÓÔÓÎÌflÚ¸ ‰appleÛ„ ‰appleÛ„‡. ç‡ÔappleËÏÂapple, ÇÂappleıÓ‚Ì˚È
ÍÓÏËÒÒ‡apple éÅëÖ ÔÓ ‰ÂÎ‡Ï ÏÂ̸¯ËÌÒÚ‚ (ÔÂapple‚˚È ÛappleÓ‚Â̸, ‚̯ÌËÈ) ‚ ÒÓ-
ÚappleÛ‰Ì˘ÂÒÚ‚Â Ò àÌÒÚËÚÛÚÓÏ ÓÚÍapple˚ÚÓ„Ó Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚‡ ‚ ÒÚÓÎˈ å‡Í‰ÓÌËË ëÍÓÔ¸Â
(ÚappleÂÚËÈ ÛappleÓ‚Â̸, ‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËÈ) Ôapple‰ÎÓÊËÎË ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ ‚‡appleˇÌÚÓ‚ ÍÓÏÔappleÓÏËÒÒÌÓ-
„Ó apple¯ÂÌËfl ÔappleÓ·ÎÂÏ˚ ‚˚Ò¯Â„Ó Ó·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl. é‰ÌÓ‚appleÂÏÂÌÌÓ Ò ˝ÚËÏ Ì‡ ÏÂʉÛ̇appleÓ‰ÌÓÈ
ÍÓÌÙÂappleÂ̈ËË ÔÓ ‚ÓÔappleÓÒ‡Ï ·˚‚¯ÂÈ û„ÓÒ·‚ËË (ÔÂapple‚˚È ÛappleÓ‚Â̸) ·˚Î ‰Ó-
ÒÚË„ÌÛÚ ÍÓÏÔappleÓÏËÒÒ ÏÂÊ‰Û å‡Í‰ÓÌËÂÈ Ë ˝ÚÌ˘ÂÒÍËÏË ÒÂapple·‡ÏË, ‚ ÚÓ ‚appleÂÏfl ͇Í
ê. ïÓηappleÛÍ Ë Ôapple‡‚ËÚÂθÒÚ‚Ó ëòÄ (ÔÂapple‚˚È ÛappleÓ‚Â̸) ‰Ó·ËÎËÒ¸ Òӄ·¯ÂÌËfl ÏÂÊ-
‰Û ÉappleˆËÂÈ Ë å‡Í‰ÓÌËÂÈ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÔappleË‚ÂÎÓ Í ÔappleÂÍapple‡˘ÂÌ˲ ·ÎÓ͇‰˚. ÄÏÂappleË-
͇ÌÒ͇fl çèé “èÓËÒÍ Òӄ·ÒËfl” (ÚappleÂÚËÈ ÛappleÓ‚Â̸, ‚̯ÌËÈ) apple‡Áapple‡·Óڇ· ‰Ó΄Ó-
ÒappleÓ˜Ì˚È ÔappleÓÂÍÚ, ̇Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚È Ì‡ Û‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓappleÂÌË ÔÓÚapple·ÌÓÒÚÂÈ Ó·˘ËÌ Ó·ÂËı
ÒÚÓappleÓÌ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡. éÌ ‚Íβ˜‡Î Ú‡ÍË ̇Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËfl, Í‡Í apple‡Á‚ËÚË ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚÓappleÓÌ-
ÌÂÈ ÊÛapplėÎËÒÚËÍË Ë Û‚‡ÊÂÌËfl Í Ó·˘ÂÏÛ ÍÛθÚÛappleÌÓÏÛ Ì‡ÒΉ˲ Ë Ô‡ÏflÚÌË͇Ï,
˜ÚËÏ˚Ï Í‡Ê‰ÓÈ ËÁ Ó·˘ËÌ, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊ ÒÓ‚ÏÂÒÚÌ˚ ËÌˈˇÚË‚˚ ÔÓ Óıapple‡Ì ÓÍappleÛʇ-
˛˘ÂÈ Òapple‰˚ (Ackermann, 2000).
ç‡ÔappleflÊÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl Ó·˘Ë̇ÏË ÒÓıapple‡ÌflÂÚÒfl Ë, ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓ, ‰‡Ê ÛÒÛ-
„Û·Ë·Ҹ ÔÓ‰ ‚ÎËflÌËÂÏ ‚ÓÈÌ˚ ‚ äÓÒÓ‚Ó. ç‡ÔappleËÏÂapple, ÒÚÓÎÍÌÓ‚ÂÌËfl ‚ χÂ-˲ÌÂ
2000 „. ‚ÔÓÎÌ ÏÓ„ÎË ÔÂappleÂapple‡ÒÚË ‚ „apple‡Ê‰‡ÌÒÍÛ˛ ‚ÓÈÌÛ. çÂapple¯ÂÌÌ˚ÏË ÓÒÚ‡ÎËÒ¸
ÒÂapple¸ÂÁÌ˚ apple‡ÁÌӄ·ÒËfl ÔÓ ÔÓ‚Ó‰Û Ë‰ÂÌÚ˘ÌÓÒÚË Ë ÒÚ‡ÚÛÒ‡ „appleÛÔÔ. çÂÒÏÓÚapplefl ̇
˝ÚÓ, ‚ ÔÂappleËÓ‰ ̇ÔËÒ‡ÌËfl ‰‡ÌÌÓÈ ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë ‚ Ô‡apple·ÏÂÌÚ å‡Í‰ÓÌËË ÔÓ-ÔappleÂÊÌÂÏÛ
ÙÛÌ͈ËÓÌËappleÓ‚‡Î‡ ÏÂÊ˝ÚÌ˘ÂÒ͇fl ÍÓ‡ÎˈËfl, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl, ÔÓʇÎÛÈ, Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ-
·ÓÈ Ò‡Ï˚È ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚È Ù‡ÍÚÓapple Ò‰ÂappleÊË‚‡ÌËfl ̇ÒËθÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡. ïÓ-
Úfl Ë ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Û˛˘Â ̇ÔappleflÊÂÌË ‚Ò ¢ ÏÓÊÂÚ apple‡ÒÔappleÓÒÚapple‡ÌËÚ¸Òfl ̇ ‚Ò˛ ÒÚapple‡ÌÛ,
‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËÏ Ë ‚̯ÌËÏ ‡ÍÚÓapple‡Ï ‰Ó ÒËı ÔÓapple Û‰‡ÂÚÒfl ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ ÔÓ‰‰ÂappleÊË‚‡Ú¸,
ÔÓ Íapple‡ÈÌÂÈ ÏÂapple ̇ ‚˚Ò¯ÂÏ ÛappleÓ‚ÌÂ, ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚ¸ Û·ÊË‚‡Ú¸ apple‡ÁÌӄ·ÒËfl.