2002 - Volume 1 - JEFF. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Table 7 ABSORPTIVE PROPERTIES OF ABSORBING LAYER FROM COMMERCIAL PAD Content, % No pressure Under pressure Pulp + SAP PP PES PA AC, g/g AC rm, g/g AC g/g AC rm, g/g (from pad) Time,s 15s 360s 100 - - - 13.4 17.5 12.0 13.3 11.4 70 30 - - 16.5 17.4 12.0 13.6 10.8 50 50 - - 12.8 15.3 10.9 11.4 9.3 70 - 30 - 23.3 23.2 14.8 15.7 12.2 50 - 50 - 24.8 25.8 15.5 18.1 13.2 70 - - regular 30 - - 11.0 - - 70 - - texturized30 20.8 22.1 11.8 - - change of the content of the mixture , i.e. the decrease of the quantity of wood pulp and SAP. This fact points out the possibility to reduce the quantity of SAP in the core. These results are in the concordance with aforementioned for the ternary mixtures of wood pulp, SAP and SF and confirm the positive effect of the insertion of the optimal quantity of the synthetic fibers into the absorbing layer of the pad. It should be noted that especially the use of polyester fibers in the mixture with wood pulp and SAP enables to decrease the quantity of the expensive SAP in the mixture keeping the equal results of the absorption. Conclusion Today the healthcare disposable pads are in widespread use for adults suffering from the incontinence and other diseases at home as well as in hospitals. The principal quality of these products is the high absorption capacity and ability to distribute liquid in the whole space of the absorbing layer (core) of the pad. These parameters of the core are stipulated by the absorptive behavior and the physical structure of the assembly of cellulosic fibers from wood pulp and superabsorbent that are used for the production of the disposable pads by the most firms – producers. The short cellulosic fibers from wood pulp are able to absorb liquid instantly and partially to retain it in intra - and interfiber space but in the wet state and under pressure the assembly of the cellulosic fibers is prone to the deformation and clotting that leads to the change of the capillary volume and hinders the flow of liquid. The particles of superabsorbent have the absorptive capacity in the NaCl solution, that is 2-3 times higher than the same for wood pulp, and are able to retain the fluid absorbed during the long period of time. However, rate of the swelling of SAP at the initial period of time is slow, furthermore sometimes there is an effect of “gelblocking” and migration of the swelled particles of the superabsorbent when the core is in the wet state and especially under pressure. These shortcomings of both components of the core cause the basic problem that has been encountered for the incontinence pads – leakage of liquid (urine) sidelong and backside of the pad as a result of the deformation of the 16 INJ Spring 2002 physical structure of the absorbing layer in the wet state i.e. the decrease of the volume of voids and capillaries in the interstitial space and insufficient possibility of the core to absorb, retain, and distribute liquid in all the space of pad. The main objective of this research was to enhance absorptive and retention behavior of the fiber assembly, intended for production of the pad, by including the synthetic fibers, that distinguished from the natural ones by their hydrophobity, stiffness, resilience. The mentioned properties of the synthetic fibers should lower the deformation of the core in the wet state and keep partly unchanged voids in the inner space of the core. The results of the investigation have shown that the synthetic fibers according to their physico-mechanical properties are able to form the structure that imbibes and retains liquid without and under pressure. The presence of the synthetic fibers in the dual mixture with wood pulp has positive effect on the absorption and the retention capacity: polypropylene fiber does not change its value, polyester, and polyamide fibers enhance the absorptive behavior of the assembly owing to “strengthening” of its physical structure. The synthetic fibers in the dual mixtures with superabsorbent do not influence on its absorption capacity but promote the rapidity of the swelling SAP at the initial period of time due to the facilitation of the contacts and obviation of the hindrance to flowing liquid. The absorptive properties of the ternary mixtures of wood pulp, SAP, and synthetic fibers are dependent on the swelling ability of the components as well as on the physical structure of their assembly, and by variation of ratio between the components the role of the mentioned mechanisms changes. The most counterbalanced structure of this assembly is reached by content of wood pulp ~ 70%, when the variation of the quantities and accordingly of the ratio between superabsorbent and synthetic fibers has not significant effect on the absorptive characteristics of the asssembly. The application of PES fibers enhances the absorptive behavior of the absorbing layer and probably would improve the quality of the pad. The addition of the synthetic fibers to mixture wood pulp/SAP, isolated from the area of crotch of
commercial pad, leads to the enhancing its absorptive, and retention ability what may be explained by the increasing stability of the physical structure in the wet state under pressure owing to the resilence especially of PES fibers. The positive effect obtained by use of the synthetic fibers is also stipulated by independent behavior of the components of the assembly, which is confirmed by the high values of the correlation coefficient between the experimental and accounted values of AC and ACrm for the dual and ternary mixtures of the cellulosic and synthetic fibers and SAP. This fact permits to predict the content of the assembly with necessary properties according to the properties of the individual components. The application of synthetic fibers for the production of the core of the incontinence pads has yet some advantages: reduction of the weight and price of the pad, improving its absorptive properties and minimizing the escape of liquid. References: 1. Starr, J.R., “The Accelerating Commercialization of Advanced Design Features and Materials in Hygiene Absorbent Product Worldwide”, Index 99 Congress Papers, Hygiene 1 Session, Geneva, 1999. 2. Cusick, G. E., “Absorbent Incontinence Products”, Textile Progress, 20, 3 (1990). 3. Dallas M. I., Wilson P., “Adult Incontinence Products: Performance on Healthy Skin”, INDA Journal of Nonwovens, Research, 2, 4, 26-39 (1992). 4. Scuff, E. N., “Status Quo in Superabsorbent and Fluff Pulp”, Nonwovens Industry, 12, 52-56 (1998). 5. Ersparmer, J. P., Baer, S.C., Li, L., “Revolutionizing Absorbent Core Design: Combining Acquisition, Distribution and Storage into a Single Airlaid Structure”, Index 99 Congress Papers, Hygiene 1 Session, Geneva, 1999. 6. Shishoo, R. L., “Analysis of Structure – Absorbency Relationships in Disposable Hygienic Products”, Papers of International Conference on Nonwovens, 139 – 154 (1992), The Textile Inst. North India Sect. 7. Gupta, B.S., “Study of Absorbency in Nonwovens: The Role of Structural Factors and Fluid Characteristic”, Papers of International Conference on Nonwovens, 166-184 (1992), The Textile Inst. North India Sect. 8. Gupta, B. S., Hong, C. J., “Absorbent Characteristics of Nonwovens Containing Cellulosic Fibers”, Int. Nonwoven Journal, A Science and Technological Public, 7, 1, 34-44 (1995). 9. Cottenden, A. M., “The ISO Pad Leakage Project: Findings to Date”, INDA Journal of Nonwovens Research, 2,2, 23-28 (1990). 10. Cottenden, A. M., “The ISO Pad Leakage Project: An Update”, INDA Journal of Nonwovens Research, 3, 2, 52-60 (1991). 11. Martini, S., “Superabsorber und ihre Anwendung”, Melliand Textilberichte Int., 79, 10, 717-724 (1998). 12. Lichstein, B. M., “Demand Wettability. A New Method for Measuring Absorbency Characteristics of Fabrics”, INDA Journal of Nonwovens Research, I, 1, 55-60 (Fall 1989). 13. Perlman, A., “Testing and Developing Disposable Diapers”, Nonwovens Industry 2, 1, 44 (1991). 14. EDANA, Recommended Test. Nonwovens Absorption, March 1993, 10, 1-72. 15. Field, J. H., “Absorbent Pulp Technology and Testing”, Nonwovens/TAPPI Symposium Notes, 73-81 (1982). — INJ INJ Spring 2002 17
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Page 7 and 8: DIRECTOR’S CORNER Role Playing in
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Page 11 and 12: Abstract Absorption and retention c
Page 13 and 14: Table 2 INFLUENCE OF POLYAMIDE FIBE
Page 15: Table 6 ABSORPTIVE PROPERTIES OF TE
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1 ORIGINAL INTERFERENCE MICR
Page 21 and 22: Figure 6 FFT FILTERED AND ORIGINAL
Page 23 and 24: Abstract New simulations suggest a
Page 25 and 26: A B C D Figure 1 Simulated isotropi
Page 27 and 28: Figure 6 Linear relationship betwee
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Page 33 and 34: Table 2 BLEND COMPOSITIONS FOR POLY
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Page 39 and 40: annoyance and aesthetic problem to
Page 41 and 42: Figure 5 HEALTHY AND RUPTURED ORGAN
Page 43 and 44: Antimicrobial Regulation As we’ve
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Page 49 and 50: PATENT REVIEW Deceptive Advertising
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