Selective Salt Recovery from Reverse Osmosis Brine - University of ...

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Selective Salt Recovery from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using Inter-stage Ion Exchange BY Joshua E. Goldman B.A., Anthropology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2000 M.S, Environmental Science, University of South Florida, 2007 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Engineering The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2012 ii
DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the loving memory of my grandmother, Henriette Stein. iii
Page 1: Joshua E. Goldman Candidate CIVIL E
Page 5 and 6: Selective Salt Recovery from Revers
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
Page 9 and 10: 4.3 Methods........................
Page 11 and 12: REFERENCES ........................
Page 13 and 14: Figure 23: Predicted Magnesium Sepa
Page 15 and 16: Figure 71: Change in Concentration
Page 17 and 18: Table 23: Anion and Cation Regenera
Page 19 and 20: Equation 27: Separation Factor ....
Page 21 and 22: seawater applications in which feed
Page 23 and 24: Each of the unit processes in the p
Page 25 and 26: 6 Stage 2 permeate 225.00 1.72 0.00
Page 27 and 28: When all exchange sites are filled
Page 29 and 30: complexes can form, reducing the co
Page 31 and 32: esin phases, respectively. He found
Page 33 and 34: segment, resulting in a smaller fra
Page 35 and 36: Equilibrium models assume that equi
Page 37 and 38: general enough to predict performan
Page 39 and 40: Scaling in RO is most commonly caus
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 2 MODELING One of the objec
Page 43 and 44: Equation 18: Vector Equation to Sol
Page 45 and 46: Figure 7: Effluent Concentration Cu
Page 47 and 48: solution phase ion equivalents for
Page 49 and 50: Figure 12: Comparison of Column Sna
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3 DEPENDENCE OF RESIN SELEC
Page 53 and 54:
Figure 14: Atomic Absorption Spectr
Page 55 and 56:
2 Ca, Na 12 points Ca: 0.018 - 0.41
Page 57 and 58:
Figure 15: Calcium Separation Facto
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used in the model are shown in Tabl
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statistics are shown in Table 11, a
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Figure 23: Predicted Magnesium Sepa
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Table 12: Anion Exchange Isotherm T
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Figure 27: Carbonate Separation Fac
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Instead equilibrium concentrations
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Table 13: Calculations Required to
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was calculated. Determinations of s
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Samples of column effluent were tak
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Rate mL/min % NaCl 1 25 12.5 co-cur
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which solutions was treated, and th
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Figure 34: Breakthrough Curve from
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SO4 Test # Predicted BVBT Measured
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Figure 37: Calcium Elution Curves M
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C/Cmax C/Cmax 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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11 2.69 0.66 0.38 3.74 12 2.48 0.57
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CHAPTER 5 PHASE 3 -SALT PRECIPITATI
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were allowed to precipitate. Table
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5 Liquid: Initial solutions, At pH=
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chloride (NaCl), bassanite (Ca(SO4)
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can be concluded that mixing the so
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6 7 Figure 47: EDS Data from Experi
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combination of elements detected by
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5 6 % Precipitated % Precipitated 1
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5. Determine if pilot effluent recy
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Table 28: Legend for Schematic Diag
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Regen salt NaCl Regen mode Counter-
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Figure 51: Pilot Equipment includin
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 54: Control Sequence at Pilo
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Week 2: Data collection and precipi
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c. At UNM, analyze for calcium, mag
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S6, S7 Regeneration Fluids Precipit
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after precipitation- no pH adjustme
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SBA column sample 2 cycles - week 3
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Sampling forms for each week, for d
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some startup problems. With an oper
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Figure 56: SEM Images of Precipitat
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Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 114
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% Composition (Atomic) % Compositio
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50 40 30 20 10 0 C O Na Mg Al S Cl
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Week 3 Week 4 Week 6 Using Jade 9.1
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4 2 Low 8.67 3.15 1.0366 5 2 Low 8.
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ambient pH conditions produced a mu
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without anti-scalant). PreTreat Plu
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Figure 68: Elution Curve for Week 5
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efore 1.75 bed volumes and that it
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Table 39: Amount of meq/g of Cl, NO
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hydraulics, but this resulted in wa
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To avoid possible precipitation of
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 74: Normalized Permeate Flow
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6/24/11 9:58 AM 7.24 7.44 32.2 18.6
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 75: Regression Relationship
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the inlet. This occurs because when
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acid cation exchange resins is appr
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19. Letterman, R.D. and American Wa
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APPENDIX 2 - UTILITY SURVEY This su
Page 171 and 172:
152
Page 173 and 174:
154
Page 175 and 176:
APPENDIX 3 - MARKET ANALYSIS (BY CD
Page 177 and 178:
Contents Section 1 Desalination Con
Page 179 and 180:
Section 1 Desalination Concentrate
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UNM RO Salt Market Analysis Final R
Page 183 and 184:
Section 2 • Concentrate Disposal
Page 185 and 186:
Section 2 • Concentrate Disposal
Page 187 and 188:
2.5 Concentrate Products Uses 2.5.1
Page 189 and 190:
� Chemicals (29 percent) � Soap
Page 191 and 192:
Section 3 Market Trends and Analysi
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Section 3 • Market Trends and Ana
Page 195 and 196:
3.2 Purity Requirements and Obstacl
Page 197 and 198:
3.2.3 Sodium Sulfate Purity Require
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
3.6 Market Analysis UNM RO Salt Mar
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3.7 Case Studies UNM RO Salt Market
Page 207 and 208:
Section 4 Conclusions and Recommend
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Section 5 References Abbazasadegan,
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APPENDIX 4 - FORMS USED FOR DATA CO
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Week 1 Cycle 1 Date Time Start Samp
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Week 2 Cycle 1 Date Time Start Time
Page 217 and 218:
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