APPENDIX D Cultural Resources Survey Report - US Environmental ...

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continue to be a force in the development of the region (Cammarota 2001: 23-24; Dorwart 2001: 19, 22-23). Agriculture, with a particular emphasis on animal husbandry, was the principal livelihood of the early settlers who exploited the extensive meadows along the creeks for pasture livestock and for growing hay. Others were engaged in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables for the local and Philadelphia markets (Prowell 1886: 747; Fitcher 1966:21-22). Landowners also dammed streams to establish grist, saw, and fulling mills. Local fisheries were established along the banks of the Delaware River, as were rows of brick kilns. The large landowning families of Waterford Township, about 60 in number, included the Spicer, Morgan, Coles, Burroughs, Lippincott, Inskeep, Browning and Adams families. These families had created a “northern tidewater plantation society” during the eighteenth century on land that is now occupied by Pennsauken Township and Camden County (Fichter 1975: 34; Dorwart 2001: 28-30, 32-34, 79). In 1834, the Camden and Amboy Railroad (C&ARR) and Transportation Company laid tracks from Bordentown to Camden. These tracks were situated on the west side of the APE near SGL Surrounding Property. The first passenger train ran in early 1835. The railroad partnered with the Camden and Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Company, creating a major transportation corridor from Philadelphia (via the Delaware River) to New York City (via the Raritan Bay) (Dorwart 2001: 53). The track ran along the Delaware River from Camden to Bordentown, passing through present-day Delair, then continued northeast, to South Amboy (see Figure 4.3). As the first in New Jersey and third in the nation, the C&ARR set standards for modern railroading and fostered both industrialization and development in New Jersey (Archeological and Historical Consultants, Inc. 2001). The introduction of the railroad had a marginal effect on the APE and vicinity in the early and midnineteenth century. While the landscape remained largely agricultural, local resort clubs were established along the banks of the Delaware River. The Tammany Pea Shore Fishing Company was founded in 1803 and located southwest of present-day Delair (Hunter Research 2000: 2). The club began as an exclusive meeting place for wealthy residents of Philadelphia and Camden to informally discuss politics. By 1850, the “Fish House,” as it was known, was open to the public operating as a yacht club or “pleasure resort” (Dorwart 2001: 79). The Fish House first appears on an 1857 map of Camden County (Figures 4.4-4.5). The road to the Fish House, known as Cove Road (formerly Cove Landing), however, first appears on an 1846 map of the county, which does not distinguish buildings (Clement 1846). This small road intersects the former King’s Highway, which by 1857 had become the Burlington Turnpike, a local toll road (Lane 1939: 148, 152-153; Merry 1857). 4-9
Page 1 and 2: APPENDIX D Cultural Resources Surve
Page 3 and 4: Principal Investigator: Michael J.
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: PHOTO PLATES: Plate 5.1: Overview o
Page 9 and 10: SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION This repor
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Page 15 and 16: they are integral parts of district
Page 17 and 18: SECTION 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING T
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Page 23 and 24: SECTION 4.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH An
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Page 27 and 28: Table 4.1: Southern New Jersey preh
Page 29: 4.3 Historic Context Pennsauken Tow
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Page 35 and 36: By 1861, the Mohegan Fish House, a
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Page 39 and 40: Probably in response to the constru
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Page 43 and 44: significant historic and prehistori
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Page 65 and 66: SECTION 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMME
Page 67 and 68: Daniel, Mann, Johnson, & Mendenhall
Page 69 and 70: Owens, James P., Peter J. Sugarman,
Page 71 and 72: APPENDIX A: QUALIFICATIONS OF THE P
Page 73: APPENDIX B: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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