Pan-African Conference 21 - 24 July 2002 Inter-Continental Hotel ...

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Abstracts 10/22/02 11:27 AM Page 44 S44 respectivement; P = 0,492). En outre la calcémie est significativement plus faible (P = 0,005) chez les paludéens de 0 à 25 ans que chez ceux du troisième âge (26 à 80 ans). Toutes ces observations nous permettent de penser que le Plasmodium f. détournerait les micronutriments de son hôte pour son propre métabolisme. Cependant une étude plus approfondie du métabolisme des micronutriments chez le parasite s'avère nécessaire. ABSTRACT NO. 236. HUNGER IN THE MAKING IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: SPECIAL RESEARCH REPORT ON ANATOMY OF FOOD INSECURITY AND FUTURES BEYOND FAMINE THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY?THE PROFILES, IN KATOLO K’Okul Richard NO Dept. of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics; Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi. Kenya On-exotic staple foodplants were the subject of this research in Rural Western Kenya. The concern was on how indigenous cum traditional foodplants can be conserved, promoted in growth, exploited and consumed in massive scale. The foodplants were divided into four broad groups: those domesticated; those consumed in the wilderness and on pods; those hunted, gathered and trapped for home-use; and, those eaten while on transit under ‘traveller dietary eating syndrome’. Twenty (20) plant species were later selected that were widely used for growth promotion, massive production and consumption through Nutrition Advocacy campaigns using the Profiles. The selection of these food crops were done using the following criteria: their potential contribution to food supply during the ‘hungry seasons’ and famines, frequency of household use, potential for further promotion in growth, possibility of processing in a manner that goes with the modern person’s taste and marketing; potential nutrition contribution to diet in terms of protein, energy, vitamins and minerals; and income generating potentials if promoted in growth and processed in a manner that wins immediate cultural acceptance and marketing on massive scale. The other concern was on how to use the so-called non-exotic staple food plants to combat food insecurity. It was noted that the success of a good food security programme does not rely on food production, food processing and food consumption alone. If ‘food for all’ has to be achieved and lives improved through better nutrition, then steady growth must be achieved in agricultural development under sectoral approach. The aim of agriculture in this sense is to provide enough food for the rural populace, (b) attract the labour force and even absorb the unemployed ones, (c) attract village-based industries for processing the farm produce. And, with incomes generated this way, farmers will be able to store the produce and even sell the surplus including the processed products. And in order to achieve such a desirable food security strategy, women groups, youth and farmer associations are conceived in this work as then key producers than marginalizing farming to a segment of the societal members; the women, the disabled, the sick and the children. The purpose of the present study can therefore be summarized as follows: to find out why traditional food abundance in Rural Western Kenya has sunk and how their growth can be revived and product development, marketing and massive consumption promoted through information technology – the Profiles. The main question is: ‘Whether malnutrition would disappear if staple foodplants are promoted in growth and product development for wider marketing and local consumption?’ The research was designed within longitudinal study, which lasted between 1993-98 under Participatory action-oriented research approach (PAORA). The research community was Katolo, 40 kms. away from provincial headquarters, Kisumu City. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. While during the analysis, two analysis modes were adopted: one involving qualitative, and another applying quantitative. Qualitative mode followed this rigid format: reconstruction where all questionnaire notes were reconstructed into written essays, coding where all the attitudes were ranked and classified into meaning relations, pattern coded and compressed into themes, memoed, displayed format and inferences verified and drawn. On the other hand, all quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS+ and Epi Info for nutrition advocacy campaigns. Nutrient analysis were done using secondary data from Sehmi, et. al., 1989; Manundu & Kabuye, 2000 and Latham, 1997 to assist convince planners and policy makers. Of the 91 homesteads selected, men, women and youth were integrated into our discursive process using poverty indices criteria in determining whom the villagers judged to be at risk with food insecurity. From this criterion, we came to the following conclusion: Well-to-do in Katolo sub-location were 6 (7%) homesteads, Achego – 4 (4.4%). 81% were categorized as either poor or extremely poor; while 10% as average. July 2002, Vol. 15, No. 2 SAJCN (Supplement) ABSTRACTS ABSTRACT NO. 237. SERIOUS DETERIORATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE LOCAL POPULATION IN COMPARISON TO THE POPULATIONS DISPLACED BY WAR IN KINSHASA, DR CONGO J P Banea-Mayambu 1,2 , T Ntambwe-Kibambe 2 , D Nahimana- Gitebo 2 1. Institut des Sciences et Techniques Médicales, Université de Kinshasa, BP 34 Kinshasa XI, RDC. 2. Centre National de Planification de Nutrition Humaine BP 2429 Kinshasa I, RDC. Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo has, over the last years, experienced a massive influx of people fleeing from the war in the Northeastern parts of the country. The refugees and internally displaced populations live together with the local populations but the nutrition interventions are only targeted for the displaced populations. In 2001, FAO estimated that the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in Congo was the highest in the world and that an urgent action was needed to avoid a nutrition disaster in the country. In order to assess the situation in Kinshasa, a nutrition survey was performed in four peripheral municipalities of Kinshasa among the local populations living in an integrated manner with the displaced populations. The survey used structured nutrition interviews among mothers, anthropometry among children aged 6-59 months and non-pregnant women aged 20-50 years, as well as blood analyses of children aged 6-36 months. Statistical analysis was performed with EpiInfo-6 and SPSS for Windows, Version 10. In the local population, the daily mortality rate per 10.000 inhabitants, the prevalence of severe wasting (W/H < - 3 Z-Score) and wasting (W/H < -2 Z- Score) were higher than among the displaced: 1.23 per thousand vs. 0.25 per thousand, 1.60% vs. 0.21%, 13.5% vs. 4.0% respectively. No other significant difference was found except for exclusive breast feeding in the age group 0-6 months, 67% among the displaced vs. only 23% among the local population. The nutritional deterioration is thus larger in Kinshasa among the locals hosting the displaced populations compared to the displaced populations them-selves. In war situations like in Congo where the displaced populations live with the locals, any urgent intervention must target all the vulnerable strata and not only the displaced populations. GRAVE DETERIORATION DE L’ETAT NUTRITIONEL DES POPULATIONS LOCALES PAR RAPPORT AUX POPULATIONS DEPLACEES DE GUERRE A KINSHASA, REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO J P Banea-Mayambu 1,2 , T Ntambwe-Kibambe 2 , D Nahimana- Gitebo 2 1. Institut des Sciences et Techniques Médicales, Université de Kinshasa, BP 34 Kinshasa XI, RDC. 2. Centre National de Planification de Nutrition Humaine BP 2429 Kinshasa I, RDC. Kinshasa, capitale de la République Démocratique du Congo connaît ces dernières années un afflux massif des populations fuyant la guerre sévissant au Nord-Est du pays. Les fugitifs ou déplacés vivent ensemble avec les populations locales mais les interventions alimentaires humanitaires ne visent que les seuls déplacés. En 2001, la FAO estimait que la prévalence de la malnutrition protéino-énergétique au Congo était la plus élevée au monde et q’une action urgente était nécessaire pour éviter une catastrophe nutritionnelle dans le pays. Afin d’évaluer l’ampleur de cette situation à Kinshasa, une enquête nutritionnelle utilisant interviews structurées et diététiques auprès des mères, anthropométrie auprès d’enfants de 6- 59 mois et femmes non-enceintes de 20- 50 ans, ainsi que des analyses sanguines auprès d’enfants de 6-36 mois fut conduite dans quatre communes périphériques de Kinshasa vivant de manière intégrée avec les déplacées. Les données furent analysées par Epiinfo-6 et SPSS pour Windows, Version 10. Dans la population locale, le taux de mortalité journalière pour 10.000 habitants, la prévalence de la malnutrition aiguë sévère (P/T < - 3 Z-Score) et de la malnutrition aiguë globale (P/T < -2 Z-Score) étaient plus élevés que chez les déplacés: 1.23 pour mille contre 0.25 pour mille, 1.60 % contre 0.21%, 13.5% contre 4.0% respectivement. Aucune différence significative ne fut trouvée dans d’autres résultats sauf pour le taux d’allaitement exclusif de 0-6 mois, trouvée à 67% chez les déplacés contre seulement 23% dans la population locale. La détérioration nutritionnelle serait plus importante à Kinshasa parmi la population locale accueillant les déplacés de guerre que parmi les déplacés eux-mêmes. En situation de guerre comme au Congo où les populations locales vivent ensemble avec les déplacés, toute intervention d’urgence devrait cibler toutes les couches vulnérables et non se focaliser sur les seuls fugitifs.
Abstracts 10/22/02 11:27 AM Page 45 ABSTRACT NO. 238. Exchange of nutritional data on an international level: Challenges Makhumula-Nkhoma Phillip J Industrial Consultancy Unit, University Of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi The nutritionist of today will easily access large amount of data available on the Internet. However, this easily accessible data may mislead if inaccurate information of its quality presented. Samples sizes/portions of meals vary greatly across cultures and unless these are converted to internationally acceptable measures, comparison of data may be meaningless. In some instances conversion factors may not be correct as standards for conversions between cultural definitions are rarely supplied with published data. A working knowledge of statistics is therefore necessary for the nutritionist to ascertain the quality of data sourced. The number of samples making up the composite sample may not always justify the accuracy that is presented from a statistical point of view. Nutrient data must be supplied with analytical methods used so that the accuracy of the data can be compared and assessed. It is of utmost importance to standardise data presentation on a regional level so that readers and presenters understand each other. A number of issues are discussed related to standardisation of data acquisition and data presentation for online exchange purposes. ABSTRACT NO. 240. COUNTERING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN NUTRITION Mokua JK Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Applied Nutrition Program, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 442, Uthiru, Nairobi, Kenya Information technology has a wide range of benefits to its users. It is an important tool in informing and educating the general public. However, there are also a number of negative effects of IT in nutrition. These stem from the fact that nutrition affects every individual and therefore compels people to seek needed information from any and every source that is available. Also, people make statements about nutrition that cannot be scientifically proven but are based on isolated personal experiences, speculations and fads. These has led the general public to acquire conflicting information on topical issues such as nutrition management in weight loss and nutrition management of diseases e.g. AIDS, Diabetics and cancer. To counteract this, IT can be positively utilized to ensure that the general public can sift through information and select only that which is accurate and beneficial to them. This can be done by ensuring that each statement on nutrition is supported by proven scientific evidence. This paper seeks to propose ways in which information technology can be utilized to censure inaccurate information on nutrition and to provide access to accurate nutrition information to the general public. ABSTRACT NO. 242. Assessment of better practices in community nutrition programmes: a case study of Ssembabule Child Survival Project, Uganda Kazibwe S, Sentumbwe J Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries. P.O.Box 21282 Kampala, Uganda Ssembabule Child Survival project (SCSP), implemented by Minnesota International Health Volunteers (MIHV), in Ssembabule district is one of the three projects in Uganda, which were selected for the ‘’better practices’’ assessment, under the Greater Horn of Africa Initiative (GHAI). The assessment was carried out during February 2000. The objective for the assessment was to identify ‘’better practices’’ in community level programmes that have led to positive nutrition outcomes. Eventually these would be documented for further dissemination to other stakeholders and they would also be used to enhance and facilitate nutritionplanning activities in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The study team reviewed a report, which outlined the GHAI objectives and definition of the ‘’better practices’’; provided the background, context and scope of the study and a prototype methodology for assessing success factors and better practises. All above-mentioned factors plus other criteria were considered in selecting the study projects. Data collection instruments involved literature review, semi-structured questionnaire, key informants, focus group discussions and direct ABSTRACTS observation. Several better practices were identified and categorised under four major areas namely; programme development and design, programme management and implementation, intervention strategies and/or technologies and sustainability. Lessons learnt from each of these identified practises were also discussed. ABSTRACT NO. 243. Nutritional assessment of hospitalised elders in Abeokuta, Nigeria Aboaba Ibiyemi, Olufunmilayo Adepoju O University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria The Health care of older adults is gaining attention all over the globe. In Africa, elders are central figure in food production and home management. In view of this importance, the study focused on nutritional assesment of hospitalised elders. Eighty-five hospitalised elders of age sixty years and above were randomly selected from both government and private hospital in Abeokuta. Using anthropometric measurement, food frequency and direct weighing method, the body mass index and nutrient intake were calculated. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22kg/height. The calorie intake is below recommended dietary allowance for male (1275kcal/d) and female (1212kcal/d).Significant differences exist between Body Mass Index and Oral problem(r= -.24p
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