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ARTIcLE 4 the phylogenetic analysis, 190 were parsimony-informative, 54 were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 596 were constant. From this heuristic search, 180 equally most parsimonious trees were retained, the first of which is shown in Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU region (Fig. 1) confirms the placement of the novel sequences in Pilidiella. The partial TEF sequences did not have any high identity to those sequences available in GenBank (data not shown). Taxonomy A pycnidial coelomycete was regularly associated with diseased t<strong>issue</strong>s on the samples collected at the two separate localities. Its morphology conformed to that of species in the genus Pilidiella (Nag Raj 1993, van Niekerk et al. 2004), although it appeared to represent a distinct taxon. Accordingly, a new species name is introduced below to accommodate the fungus occurring on T. granulosa. Pilidiella tibouchinae B.E.C. Miranda, R.W. Barreto & Crous, sp. nov. MycoBank MB563992 (Fig. 3) Miranda et al. Fig. 3. Pilidiella tibouchinae. A–d. Leaf spots and curling on Tibouchina granulosa. e. Colony on oatmeal agar. F, g. Vertical section through pycnidia. h, I. Conidiogenous cells. J, K. Conidia. Bars = 10 µm. Etymology: Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Tibouchina. Diagnosis: Similar to Pilidiella eucalyptorum but lacking conidial germ slits, and similar to P. petrakioidea but lacking mucoid appendages on conidia. Type: Brazil: Minas Gerais: Viçosa, campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, on leaves of Tibouchina granulosa, 8 March 2010, B. C. Miranda (VIC 31443 – holotype; CBS H-20827 – isotype; cultures ex-holotype CPC 18511, CPC 18512 = CBS 131595). (GenBank accession numbers for VIC 31443 and VIC 31444: ITS = JQ281774, JQ281775; LSU = JQ281776, JQ281777; TEF = JQ281778, JQ281779) Other specimen examined: Brazil: Minas Gerais: Viçosa, campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, on leaves of T. granulosa, 17 May 2010, B. C. Miranda (VIC 31444). ima funGuS
Description: Lesions on living leaves and young stems, firstly as adaxial straw-coloured necrotic spots, mostly appearing near the leaf veins, becoming yellowish to greyish with a dark brown to dark purple border, irregularly shaped, coalescing and leading to necrosis and distortion of large parts of the leaf lamina; loss of necrotic leaf parts usually creating the impression of insect damage. In conjunction to these symptoms, a shortening of branch internodes, leaf distortion, bud death, necrosis and die-back of young stems are also observed. Stunting and decline of severely affected plants are observed even for adult plants. Conidiomata pycnidial, adaxial, subcuticular, solitary, globose to depressed globose, 42.5–75 × 75–112.5 μm, wall composed of dark greyish brown textura angularis of 1–3 cell layers, 7–12 μm thick, dark brown; dehiscence ostiolate, central; conidiophores formed on a dense, basal, cushion-like aggregation of hyaline cells, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, subcylindrical, branched below, 8–15 × 3–4 μm, smooth, hyaline, 1–2-septate. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic with apical periclinal thickening, 5–10 × 2–3 μm, smooth, hyaline, with minute collarette, and covered in mucilage. Conidia mostly broadly ellipsoidal, often somewhat flattened on one side, oblong, subreniform, ovoid to subovoid, 10–13 × 6–8 μm (l:b = 1.7), apex rounded, subtruncate at base, hilum sometimes slightly protuberant, aseptate, hyaline when immature, becoming smoky-brown at maturity, smooth, guttulate (usually with one large guttule but sometimes biguttulate or eguttulate). Culture characteristics: (MEA or PCA either under a 12 h light regime or in the dark): Colonies fast-growing (up to 86 mm diam after 6 d); flat, occasionally slightly raised centrally; mostly composed of immersed mycelium, aerial mycelium mostly sparse (but very dense cottony to woolly aerial mycelium on MEA in the dark); cottony to woolly to spider web-like white to grey olivaceous, sometimes with some small cinnamon areas centrally, occasionally becoming powdery towards the periphery, abundant olivaceous black fruit bodies crowded in zone rings on MEA/light. On PCA greyish black to greenish black centrally, with saffron margin in reverse; black fruit bodies less abundant, and in more distinct rings on PCA/ light. dIscussIoN The fungus on Tibouchina granulosa clearly belongs to the Coniella/Pilidiella-complex that has Schizoparme teleomorphs (Schizoparmaceae, Diaporthales; Rossman et al. 2007). Fungi in Schizoparmaceae include several species associated with foliar diseases, sometimes occurring as secondary invaders of plant t<strong>issue</strong>s infected by other organisms or injured by other causes (Ferreira et al. 1997). There is no record of any teleomorphic species of Schizoparmaceae in association with members of the genus Tibouchina, and a single doubtful record of a Coniella on another member of the Melastomataceae, Miconia serrulata volume 3 · no. 1 Pilidiella tibouchinae sp. nov. (Farr & Rossman 2010). Several members of Myrtales, which according to Bremer et al. (2003) includes up to 14 families, are known hosts of Schizoparmaceae (Farr & Rossman 2010). For instance, several species are known from Myrtaceae (Acca, Blepharocalyx, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Heteropyxis, Myrcia, Syzygium), Lythraceae (Lythrum, Punica), and Combretaceae (Anogeissus, Anogeissus, Terminalia) (van Niekerk et al. 2004, Farr & Rossman 2010) Sutton (1980) and Nag Raj (1993) treated Pilidiella as a synonym of Coniella. However, based on analyses of large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences, Castlebury et al. (2002) concluded that Pilidiella is distinct from Coniella. Pilidiella has two main morphological criteria separating it from Coniella: the presence of conidia that are hyaline when young becoming pale brown with age (consistently brown in Coniella) (Castlebury et al. 2002) and having a length to breadth ratio larger than 1.5 (equal to or smaller than 1.5 for Coniella) (van Niekerk et al. 2004). Pigmentation alone is difficult to interpret (Table 1), although P. tibouchinae has hyaline conidia that become smoky brown at maturity and a l:b ratio of 1.7. Additionally the results of the phylogenetic analysis place P. tibouchinae in the Pilidiella clade, distinct from Coniella (Figs 1–2). Considering the combination of morphological and molecular data, we prefer to place this fungus in the genus Pilidiella. Nevertheless, several species in the group still need to be re-examined, as is evident from Fig. 2, where Pilidiella eucalyptorum clusters in the Coniella clade, and C. musariensis clusters in the Pilidiella clade. Pycnidia in P. tibouchinae are small when compared to the species of Schizoparmaceae treated by Sutton (1980), Nag Raj (1993), and van Niekerk et al. (2004). Morphologically, conidia of P. tibouchinae show some similarity to that of P. eucalyptorum and P. petrakioidea. However, conidia of P. tibouchinae lack conidial germ slits (present in P. eucalyptorum) and mucoid appendages (present in P. petrakioidea). It also has thinner pycnidial walls (7–12 μm), than those in P. eucalyptorum (to 25 µm thick), and has hyaline to pale smoky-brown conidia, whereas those of P. eucalyptorum are medium to dark reddish brown. Furthermore, P. tibouchinae also differs from P. petrakioidea in conidial morphology (narrowly ellipsoidal with acutely rounded apices in P. petrakioidea) and a l:b ratio larger than 1.9. Five species of Coniella have been described in association with members of the Myrtaceae: C. australiensis, C. castaneicola, C. costae, C. fragariae, and C. minima. Considering the close morphological similarity of Pilidiella and Coniella, the conidial morphology of these species is also provided here for comparison with that of P. tibouchinae (Table 1). Pilidiella tibouchinae is the first species of the genus to be described on a host belonging to Melastomataceae, on which it appears to be associated with a rather serious foliar and dieback disease. Further investigations aimed at clarifying the pathological status of the fungus on Tibouchina granulosa, and evaluating potential disease control measures are now urgently required, and will be reported elsewhere. ARTIcLE 5
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Ceratocystis eucalypticola sp. nov.
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Known distribution: South Africa. O
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doi:10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.07
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table 1. Provenance of fungal isola
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Aspergillus section Versicolores Fi
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Description: Colonies grown 10 d on
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Stipes smooth walled (Fig. 5e), sep
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Stipes (Fig. 7e) smooth walled, hya
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Type: usA: Montana: isol. ex air sa
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Diagnosis: Conidia rough-walled, no
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grown on M40Y medium and the specie
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identified as three species, A. amo
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Veršilovskis A, Saeger SD (2010) S
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Supplementary InformatIon 1 volUme
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Supplementary InformatIon 10 volUme
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ARTIcLE ima funGuS
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ARTIcLE new rules for fungi I came
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ARTIcLE Braun table 1. Current name
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ARTIcLE 86 striking morphological d
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ARTIcLE 88 the PoteNtIAl role oF Fu
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ARTIcLE 90 Fig. 3) and industrial p
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ARTIcLE 92 degrading serine proteas
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ARTIcLE table 1. Strains employed i
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ARTIcLE these 18 strains using Brea
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ARTIcLE D’Souza AD, Sultana S, Ma
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ARTIcLE neglected despite their imp
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ARTIcLE talent and to enable it to
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