EAZA Yearbook 2007/2008 - European Association of Zoos and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Black-capped squirrel monkey EEP Annual Report 2007 - 2008 * SABLES-OLONNE 0.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 6.0.0 1.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 2.0.0 3.0.0 EEP SALZBURG-ZOO 2.4.0 0.0.3 (0.0.0) 1.0.0 2.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 1.4.3 SIGEAN 10.10.0 3.5.0 (0.0.0) 1.0.0 4.0.0 3.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 13.15.0 STUTTGART 3.9.0 0.3.1 (0.1.1) 1.0.0 1.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 1.1.0 2.10.0 SAARBRUCKEN 5.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 2.0.0 1.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 1.0.0 5.0.0 * VESZPREM 0.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 9.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 9.0.0 Total (56) 281.333.1 96.69.34 (18.5.20) 123.37.0 122.37.0 4.0.0 5.0.0 56.35.3 303.362.12 Peruvian squirrel monkey Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis No EAZA zoos non-EAZA zoos New reply Participants Status 1 Jan. Births (DNS) In Out In Out Deaths AMNEVILLE 2.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 0.0.0 0.0.0 1.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 3.0.0 BETTEMBOURG 13.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 1.0.0 12.0.0 CHAMPREPUS 7.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 7.0.0 EPE 5.16.0 4.8.2 (0.0.2) 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.1.0 9.23.0 * ESKILSTUNA 0.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 13.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 13.0.0 * FALCONARA 0.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 8.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 2.0.0 6.0.0 Summary PLEUGUENEUC 12.0.0 0.0.0 (0.0.0) 0.0.0 1.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 11.0.0 ROMAGNE 24.47.0 20.17.7 (7.10.7) 1.0.0 21.0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.7.0 17.47.0 Total (8) 63.63.0 24.25.9 (7.10.9) 22.0.0 22.0.0 1.0.0 0.0.0 3.8.0 78.70.0 Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis: A few participants did not send their data before the 1st of March, despite several reminders. Some of the mutations of these institutions could be found in the ISIS database. The EEP population increased in 2007and 2008. However, the number of groups that reproduced successfully decreased in 2007, but increased in 2008. This is positive, but most of the zoos (73% in 2007; 65% in 2008) that had viable offspring have animals that are related to the Apeldoorn bloodline. Very positive is the fact that Ballaugh bred well with a male of the new bloodline that was imported from South-Africa, but this male unfortunately died in 2009. Doué la Fontaine had offspring from a male of another new bloodline that came from a French laboratory. New groups in La Boissière and Lagos started to breed and the change of males in Doué la Fontaine, Salzburg and Sigean resulted in good breeding results. Osnabruck was less lucky with the outcome of the pregnancies, but the fact that the females became pregnant after the change of males is very promising for the future of the group. Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis: The EEP population of this subspecies increased with very well. The groups in Romagne had a good quantity of pregnancies, but it is extremely frustrating that a large number ends in premature births. Epe had fewer pregnancies as the last few years, and it is time to change their breeding male. 31. Dec.
Notes Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis: Black-capped squirrel monkey EEP Annual Report 2007 - 2008 In 2007 there was no successful breeding in 50% of the zoos with a potential breeding group. In 2008 the breeding results were slightly better (66%). Reasons for this failure are various, and not always easy to change. It is hoped that an exchange of males will result in breeding in some of the groups that did not breed successfully. With the committee we are discussing some important issues for the future of the program. We have to make decisions on the participation of non-EAZA zoos and the requirements of zoos for receiving additional females or complete breeding groups. Research is still needed on nutrition and social behaviour. Surveys were conducted on housing and the introduction of new breeding males, the results can be found in the studbook. Due to the fact that we have little historical data on the population, it is difficult to make extensive analysis. However, some have been done and the results can be found in the studbook published in 2007. The easiest one that can be done is the age pyramid. It is estimated that now some 97% of the population has a known age. The other 3% were estimated when the EEP started. The age pyramid looks very healthy. We have a large number of young animals of all ages. Considering the social system of the species we would like to see more female offspring, but unfortunately it seems that there are more males born than females (births since 1995: 573 males, 429 females and 203 offspring of unknown sex). We see that breeding in females starts at around 3 years of age, and can continue until they are around 20 years old. However, the peak in their reproduction is between 7 and 14 year. The best age for breeding depends very much on the age that the male is introduced in a breeding group. We should also keep in mind that the figures for a male depend very much on the number of females in the breeding group. In some zoos there are only 3 to 5 breeding females, in other 15 to 20! The mortality graph shows that there is a high neonatal mortality, and also a rise in mortality for animals older than 20 years. It is very important to notice that there is a raise of mortality in males between 3 and 6 years. This is a large problem for the population. These are often males that are genetically important, and the loss of these animals has very negative effects on the population. The problem is that these males have to leave their natal group at the age of 3 to 4 years, to make the introduction of a new breeding male possible. The young males are then too young to become breeding males in another group. Very few zoos with a breeding group have a smaller enclosure available where they can keep two or three males until they reach adulthood. Therefore these animals have to be transferred to other zoos where they are introduced in a larger bachelor group, or they are kept too long in their natal group, with the risk of aggression from the adult male. The result is that somehow mortality under these males is too high. The zoos that keep a breeding group should therefore also make a small enclosure for your males available, as it is also in their advantage to keep these males alive and available. To calculate the genetics of the population, a second set of data is entered in a special analysis-studbook. In this studbook, we use a worse-case scenario. Very little was known of the relationships within groups when the EEP started in 2001. However, thanks to the surveys that were done since 1995, we had good insights in the relationships between different groups. In fact, this was very easy, as very few zoos had exchanged animals with other zoos. This explained probably the poor breeding results of most zoos, and there must have been considerable inbreeding in many groups. To make a genetic management of the population possible, the analysis-studbook was set up. This studbook was working more with bloodlines, than with individuals. At the beginning, all animals of one group were supposed to be related as brothers and sisters. Through the exchange of males between zoos the genetic situation must have been improved. One of the problems in the population is the unequal founder distribution: some 75% of the population is related to the Apeldoorn bloodline. This means that exchanges of males must be done with great care; if we would introduce “apeldoorn-males” to unrelated groups, then in the future it would be impossible to prevent inbreeding in the population. Although there is sometimes a small lack of unrelated males (mainly because of the mortality discussed above) it is still possible to avoid the use “apeldoorn-males” for breeding. The table on the 2008 studbook shows very well the effect of the introduction of a new male on the reproductive results of the females. In most cases that introduction has stimulated the reproduction. It seems that females lose their interest in the male when they are longer than 3 or 4 years together, and regular exchanges of the males are therefore important. Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis The lack of unrelated males may become a problem in the near future. Romagne has initiated contacts with Peruvian authorities to import confiscated animals. Analyses of this population are also not very reliable, as the program is young and little reliable information was received on the original animals. The age pyramid makes it clear that we could use some more female births in the population. No information was received on the relationships of the original females, except that according to the broker some animals came from a different source. The behaviour of the females supports this, as the subgroup that came from the other broker indeed did not mix with the others. But even in the rest of the group there was a clear split up in two groups. For the genetics we assume that the three subgroups are unrelated, but animals within a subgroup may be related. The genetic relationship between the 7 original males was determined by DNA-analysis. All this information is used for the genetic management of this population. EEP
Page 1 and 2: EAZA Yearbook 2007/2008 Please note
Page 3 and 4: 3. Managing surplus males, particul
Page 5 and 6: Discrepancy notes Black howler monk
Page 7 and 8: Grey-legged douroucouli ESB Annual
Page 9 and 10: Variegated spider monkey EEP Annual
Page 11 and 12: Brown-headed spider monkey EEP Annu
Page 13 and 14: Brown-headed spider monkey EEP Annu
Page 15 and 16: 1. Programme information Woolly mon
Page 17 and 18: 1. Programme information Red titi C
Page 19 and 20: 5. Status Status and developments o
Page 21 and 22: 3. Activities Species Committee Las
Page 23 and 24: and director of CPRJ Alcides Pissin
Page 25 and 26: White-throated capuchin ESB Annual
Page 27: 5. Status Status and developments o
Page 31 and 32: 5. Status Status and developments o

EAZA Yearbook 2007/2008 - European Association of Zoos and ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?