Environment Lang Tech Manual Fulfulde updated 08 - Mali
Environment Lang Tech Manual Fulfulde updated 08 - Mali
Environment Lang Tech Manual Fulfulde updated 08 - Mali
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PEACE CORPS/MALI<br />
LANGUAGE TRAINING PROGRAM<br />
<strong>Environment</strong><br />
MANUAL FOR VOLUNTEERS<br />
FULFULDE<br />
Bocar Bocoum – <strong>Lang</strong>uage and <strong>Tech</strong>nical Training Coordinator<br />
Mamadou Doudou N’Doye – Assistant <strong>Lang</strong>uage Coordinator<br />
Hamadoun Ali Daou – <strong>Lang</strong>uage and Cross Culture Facilitator<br />
July 2009
Preface<br />
Welcome to <strong>Mali</strong> and our language training program! Our language training program, already<br />
proven highly effective in its ability to teach trainees language acquisition in a very short amount of<br />
time, continues to seek ways to broaden the language skills needed by Volunteers. Discussions and<br />
reflections among Peace Corps Staff and Volunteers about how we can improve the effectiveness of<br />
the language program focused on the integration of language and technical skills acquisition for the<br />
purpose of improving Volunteer performance in the field. The genesis of this reflection involves<br />
the following question: “What are the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) that Trainees need in<br />
order to become highly effective Volunteers?” This manual is, in part, an answer to this question as<br />
its purpose is to provide you, as a Peace Corps Trainee, useful vocabulary and terminology based<br />
on real situations that you should expect to encounter as a Volunteer in <strong>Mali</strong>. This manual also<br />
represents a big step in the direction of implementing the new training design and evaluation<br />
process, whereby all training activities are driven by clearly defined competencies, KSAs, learning<br />
objectives and teaching methods.<br />
As a Trainee, you have a very limited amount of time to acquire a new language. However, the<br />
adequate acquisition of your new language will be vital for you if you are to become an effective<br />
Volunteer. You can best use your precious language learning time by employing effective language<br />
learning strategies to improve your language skills. One such strategy that has proven successful is<br />
to use technical vocabulary and dialogs from real situations that you will encounter in your work.<br />
Learning languages also requires a sense of adventure and a certain amount of experimentation on<br />
the part of the learner. As the learner, you need to also be willing to make mistakes. You are<br />
highly encouraged to do so, as your language trainers are a very sympathetic and friendly audience<br />
with whom to make mistakes. They will guide you and correct you as needed, helping you to build<br />
your skills along the way. We also ask that you practice often with the vocabulary and phrases in<br />
this manual, and even use role plays with your language instructors to improve your mastery of the<br />
content. It will only help to ease your comfort level and build your confidence, so that once you are<br />
a Volunteer using these technical vocabulary and phrases in real situations with your counterparts,<br />
colleagues, and fellow villagers, you will not be intimidated (or at least, a little less so!). Note that<br />
the material in this manual is included because other Volunteers have found it useful to their work<br />
and other aspects of their service in <strong>Mali</strong>. So give it a try and see how it can help you to improve<br />
your acquisition of local language as well as your understanding of the technical aspects of the<br />
work you anticipate doing as a Volunteer.<br />
I would also like to give a big “thank you” to the wonderful language training staff of Peace Corps-<br />
<strong>Mali</strong>, who has labored hard to produce this manual, which is just one in a series of similar manuals.<br />
Their diligent work and dedication are acknowledged, and Peace Corps-<strong>Mali</strong> is grateful for their<br />
service and commitment to Trainees and Volunteers alike. They strive to insure that Trainees and<br />
Volunteers attain a comfort level in the language in which they will work. With such a comfort<br />
level, Volunteers will be able to work productively, integrate culturally, live happily, and leave<br />
<strong>Mali</strong> with a successful legacy of service to their communities.<br />
Good luck and again, welcome to <strong>Mali</strong>!<br />
Dr. Michael J. Simsik<br />
Programming and Training Officer<br />
U.S. Peace Corps – <strong>Mali</strong><br />
August 7, 2007<br />
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
Garden and Tree Nursery Working Tools ........................................................................ 4<br />
Tree Nursery Preparation and Management .................................................................... 8<br />
Pesticides ............................................................................................................................. 15<br />
Colleting and Storing Methods for Seeds ........................................................................ 19<br />
The Main Common Vegetables Grown in <strong>Mali</strong> .............................................................. 22<br />
Field Crops Production in <strong>Mali</strong> ........................................................................................ 25<br />
Fruit Tree Grafting ............................................................................................................ 28<br />
Fruits Transformation ....................................................................................................... 32<br />
Solar Drying ....................................................................................................................... 35<br />
Steps of Starting up a Community Garden ..................................................................... 37<br />
Agro Foresrty in <strong>Mali</strong> ........................................................................................................ 40<br />
Irrigation ............................................................................................................................. 43<br />
Soil Erosion ......................................................................................................................... 46<br />
Mud Stove ........................................................................................................................... 49<br />
Chicken Raising in <strong>Mali</strong> .................................................................................................... 51<br />
Animal Raising in <strong>Mali</strong> ...................................................................................................... 54<br />
Beekeeping .......................................................................................................................... 57<br />
Talking About AG Volunteer’s Work.............................................................................. 61<br />
Talking About NRM Volunteer’s Work .......................................................................... 64<br />
Translation of Texts and Dialogues ……………………………………………………...66<br />
3
Golle Li’eewa e Gollirǧe Mun<br />
Garden and Tree Nursery Working Tools<br />
OBJECTIVES: Describe garden and tell its importance<br />
Describe the garden tools.<br />
Notes: The gardener does not have all the tools in the village. Gardening is not the main<br />
activity of people in the north of <strong>Mali</strong>. Nowadays people are practcing it in some songrai<br />
areas. They do it during the cold season.<br />
a) - Give the <strong>Fulfulde</strong> name of these tools:<br />
Broom____________ Ax ____________<br />
Hoe ______________ Shovel _________<br />
Ladder) ___________ Rake) __________<br />
Faucet ____________ Hose ___________<br />
Lawn mower _______<br />
b) - Find names of other tools that do not exist here<br />
1________ 2________ 3_______ 4_______ 5________<br />
6_______ 7_______ 8_______ 9________<br />
4
Text: Golle li’eewa.<br />
Fewnugol e yirwugol li’eewa yo hunnde moƔƔinde. Golle li’eewa yo huunde<br />
moƔƔunde. Golle li’eewa ana heewi nafakaaji sabi haako e ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe yo Ȃamdu nafooru,<br />
ǣeydooru cellal. Kammari majje Ȃamdu ana tawre kulle kewǧe, ǣeydooje ndafu ndokkooje<br />
nguure hiǣǣunde. Eǧen anndi duu faa neǧǧo tawre semmbe, kina Ȃaama ko wooǧi.<br />
So demoowo golli li’eewa no woǧiri, mo heǣan ko ǣuri nguure galle makko, ko mo<br />
waawi yeeyude so mo heǣa kaalisi. Demoowo li’eewa ana jogi gollirde kewǧe mballooje<br />
ǧum no golle mun wooǧira. Golle fuu e gollirǧe mun.<br />
1. Gollirde faa aware gasa<br />
- buuwrugal<br />
- diidirgal<br />
- jarnirgal<br />
2. Gollirde tutirte<br />
- foȂorgal<br />
- kettirgal<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum golle li’eewa nafata?<br />
2. Koǧum moƔƔi e golle li’eewa?<br />
3. Koǧum haako e ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe nafata?<br />
4. Koǧum golle li’eewa nafata demoowo?<br />
5. Hono golloowoo li’eewa heǣirta kaalisi?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Sardiŋe Garden Jardin<br />
Kaaki sardiŋe Garden tools Outils du jardin<br />
Yarnirgal Watering can Arrosoir<br />
Jalo The hoe Daba / houe<br />
Soliivo The hoe Binette<br />
Pel Shovel / digger Pelle<br />
Tutirgal Dibble Plantoir<br />
Metirgel (ǣoggol ) Gardener’s line Cordeau<br />
Buuwirǧi njanndi The rake Râteau<br />
Bruweeti Wheelbarrow Brouette<br />
Pikku Pick Pic<br />
Nokku ndiyam Water source Point d’eau<br />
Leydi lobbiri ( moyyiri) Good soil Bon sol<br />
ǣunndu The well Puits<br />
Gere x Near x/next to x À côté de x<br />
ǧatol / yaǣǣirgol / laawol Path Allée<br />
Naange Sun Soleil<br />
Nokku / jonnde sardiŋe Site selection Choix du terrain<br />
5
Plansi Bed Planche<br />
Njuundi The length Longueur<br />
Njaanji The width Largeur<br />
ǧooǧe booko Clod Motte de terre<br />
Yarnude To water Arroser<br />
ǧoofude huǧo To weed Désherber<br />
Asude To dig Creuser<br />
Fusude To break Casser<br />
MoƔƔinde To make Confectionner / fabriquer<br />
Fonndude To level Niveler<br />
Metaade To measure Mesurer<br />
Gollude To work Travailler<br />
X ana nawtire / nafa x yo… Used for Servir à<br />
Aawude To sow Semer<br />
Huurude To fence Clôturer<br />
Tutude To plant Planter<br />
Awdi Seeds Semis<br />
True or False<br />
1. Golle li’eewa yo hunnde moƔƔunde<br />
2. Golle li’eewa heewa nafakaaji<br />
3. Haako e ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe yo Ȃamdu nafooru<br />
4. Haako e ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe yo Ȃamdu ǣey dooru cellal<br />
5. Ȃaamude ko woodi ana hokka semmbe<br />
6. Golloowo li’eewa ana waawi heǣude ko ǣuri nguure mun<br />
7. Golloowo li’eewa ana waawi heǣude kaalisi<br />
8. Golloowo li’eewa wala gollirde<br />
9. Golloowo li’eewa ana heewi nafa<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Golle li’eewa yo huunde ………………………..<br />
a. moƔƔunde<br />
b. tiidunde<br />
c. yaafunde<br />
2. Golle li’eewa ana heewi …………………………….<br />
a. golle<br />
b. nafakaaji<br />
c. tiidalla<br />
3. Haako ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe yo ……………………………….<br />
a. Ȃamdu nafooru<br />
b. Ȃamdu ǣeydooru cellal<br />
c. Ȃamdu bonndu<br />
6
4. Ȃaamude ko wooǧi ana hokka<br />
a. kaalisi<br />
b. Ȃaw<br />
c. semmbe<br />
Cross-word<br />
Peelu Rake<br />
Buuwirgal Watering cane<br />
Jarnirgal Shovel<br />
Buruweeti Rope<br />
Meeter Bucket<br />
Jalo Weelborrow<br />
ǣoggol Gardener’s line<br />
Siyo Hoe<br />
Imagine that you are meeting a fellow gardener and you want to find out about how<br />
to prepare garden beds. Write down (at least) 5 questions you would ask.<br />
1- ______________________________________________________?<br />
2- ______________________________________________________?<br />
3- ______________________________________________________?<br />
4- ______________________________________________________?<br />
5- ______________________________________________________?<br />
Visit a garden/a tree nursery layout and identify common tools used.<br />
7
Tutugol Leǧǧ ǧǧ ǧǧe ǧǧ e Hayǣu mun<br />
Tree Nursery Preparation and Management<br />
OBJECTIVES: Talk about tree nursery<br />
Talk about the importance of planting trees<br />
Talk about the different types of trees in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Dialogue: John e Samba ana ngaajo banngal tutugol leǧǧ ǧǧ ǧǧe ǧǧ<br />
John: Jam weeti Samba, Ada yiǧi tutude ledde hannde na?<br />
Samba: Ayyo, Miǧo yiǧi tutude leǧǧe. Hodum kaanu-mi waǧude?<br />
John: Tutugol leǧǧe tiiǧa. So aǧa yiǧi tutude lekki, aǧa haani tewtude lekkel tafon.<br />
Samba: So mido asa luggere hono kaanu-mi-waǧude?<br />
John: So aǧa asa luggere, aǧa haani wattude hakkile e kulle ǧiǧi: njuundi luggere nde ana<br />
haani fotude e cm 50, njayndi luggere nde ana haani fotude e cm 40 naa 60.<br />
Samba: Mi faami sanne. Jooni miǧo waawi tutude lekkel am na?<br />
John: Ooho, aǧa haani doomude seeǧa, saǣi aǧa haani yarnude luggere nde, aǧa haani du<br />
wattude birgi ley luggere nde.Caggal ndum aǧa waawi tutude lekkel ma.<br />
Samba: An e tiyaabu John<br />
John: An e baraaji<br />
8
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Dow hoǧum John e Samba ngaajoto?<br />
2. Koǧum Samba yiǧi?<br />
3. Koǧum Samba haani tewtude tafon?<br />
4. Hono foti njuundi e njayndi luggere nde haani fotude?<br />
5. Koǧum Samba haani wattude ley luggere nde?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Tutude To plant Planter<br />
Asude To dig Creuser<br />
Aawude To plant /to sow<br />
Semer<br />
Mana Plastic Plastic<br />
Bootoore mana Plastic bag Sachet de plastic<br />
Birgi Compost Compost<br />
Ndiyam Water L’eau<br />
Njarnirgal Watering can Arrosoir<br />
Jalo Hoe La daba<br />
Pikku Pick Pic<br />
Njaareendi Sand Le sable<br />
Pitaale Tree leaves Feuille d’arbre<br />
Jamma Night Nuit<br />
Ȃalooma Day Jour<br />
Haybude To take care of/ manage Surveiller<br />
Yoorude To dry Secher<br />
Sottude To sell Vendre<br />
Soodude To buy Acheter<br />
Ȃalaande tutugol ledde Tree planting day Journée de reboisement<br />
Cayki Acacia albida Acacia<br />
Pattuki Acacia cenegal Gommier<br />
Godoli Anogeissus leiocarpus Bouleau d’Afrique<br />
Bantineki Bombax costatum Kapokier rouge<br />
Duǣǣi Borassus aethiopum Rônier<br />
Karehi Butyrospermum Karité<br />
Kahi/dalehi Khaya senegalensis Caicedrat<br />
Nerehi Parkia biglobosa Néré<br />
Tami/Tani/Cani Pterocarpus Eriraceus Vene<br />
Exercise: True or False<br />
1. Samba e John ana tuta leǧǧe<br />
2. Samba ana anndi no lekki tutirte<br />
3. John waawa tutude lekki<br />
4. Samba ana haani asude luggere tafon<br />
5. Samba ana anndi no luggere asirte<br />
6. Njunnǧi luggere nde ana haani fotude e 60cm<br />
7. Njayndi luggere nde ana haani fotude 70cm<br />
9
8. Njayndi luggere nde e njuundi luggere nde ana kaani fotude<br />
9. So Samba asi luggere nde omo haani doomude seeǧa<br />
10. Samba ana haani wattude birgi<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Samba e John ana …………………………<br />
a. Ȃaama<br />
b. looto<br />
c. ngaajo<br />
2. Samba ana yiǧi ……………………………..<br />
a. gollude<br />
b. asude<br />
c. tutude lekki<br />
3. John ana fammina Samba no lekki ……………………………<br />
a. yarnirte<br />
b. tutirte<br />
c. feƔƔirte<br />
Cross-word<br />
Lekki Plant<br />
Luggere Dig<br />
Wattude To wait<br />
Fotude Width<br />
Njuunde Length<br />
Njaayndi Hole<br />
Doomude To equal<br />
Asude To put<br />
Explain the characteristics in choosing the tree nursery and garden site.<br />
Essay: Tell the different steps of tree nursery building in fulfulde<br />
10
No Birgi MoƔƔ ƔƔ ƔƔinirte ƔƔ<br />
Compost and Natural Fertilizers<br />
OBJECTIVES: Explain how to use Compost and Natural of fertilizers<br />
Tell the importance of Compost and Natural of fertilizers<br />
Text: No Birgi moƔƔ ƔƔ ƔƔinirte ƔƔ<br />
MoƔƔingol birgi ana yaafi sanne. So gollowo li’eewa rentini, irti huǧo e leǧǧe<br />
mbuutaaǧe e ley li’eewa nga, haakooli mbaaǧǧi e kufi ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe, ana waawi heǣude<br />
birgi.<br />
Dental majjum fuu yoppete faa Ȃola, so Ȃoli eǧum waawi watteede e leydi li’eewa<br />
nga, sabi ǧum laatiki birgi. Dental soǣe daabaaji (loori ekibbe) e tuundi so wuutaama ana<br />
laato birgi. Birgi ana hokka leydi ndemeteendi ndi barke. Eǧm haani rentineede e leydi ndi<br />
ley balǧe keewǧe fadde mayri aaweede.<br />
Annden duu, birgi kecco ana duppa ǧaǧi. Birgi pucci e baali ana moƔƔi e<br />
pangalaaje sabi omo heewi nguleefi.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Hono birgi heǣirte?<br />
2. Koǧum kasen waawi laataade birgi?<br />
3. Koǧum birgi nafata?<br />
11
4. Balǧe hono foti dental birgi e leydi haani waǧude fadde mayri aaweede?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Njareendi Sand Sable<br />
Booko manaawo/loope Clay Argile<br />
Birgi Fertilizer Fumier<br />
Beeku Cow shit Bouse de vache<br />
Borde Animals droppings Crotte d’animaux<br />
Huǧo Hecco Grass Herbe verte<br />
huǧo yoorko Straw Paille<br />
kufiǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Peelings Epulchures<br />
Ndoondi Ashes Cendre<br />
Kedde Ȃamduuji Left overs Déchets alimentaires<br />
Birgi Compost Compost<br />
Luggere birgi Compost pile Compostière<br />
kuǣǣu Heat Chaleur<br />
Sin Kind Type de<br />
Leydi Soil Sol<br />
Leydi lobbiri Good soil Bon sol<br />
Leydi njaarendi Sandy soil Sol sablonneux<br />
Leydi manaari Clayey soil Sol argileux<br />
Leydi ǣaleeri Loamy soil Sol limoneux<br />
Nafa x The importance of x L’avantage de x<br />
Yirwinde To improve Améliorer<br />
Rentinde To mix Mélanger<br />
Ȃolnude To rot x Faire pourrir<br />
Ȃolude To rot Pourrir<br />
MoƔƔinde To make Préparer<br />
Wattude To put Mettre<br />
Wiccude To sprinkle Saupouder<br />
Uddude To cover Couvrir<br />
Waylitinde To rum Retourner<br />
True or False<br />
1. Birgi ana moƔƔi e li’eewa<br />
2. Kufi ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe moƔƔa e birgi<br />
3. Dental birgi e leydi ana haani yoppeede balǧe kewǧe fadde aaweede<br />
4. Birgi ana hokka leydi barke<br />
5. Leydi ndemeteendi ana yiǧi birgi<br />
6. Birgi ana haani Ȃolneede<br />
7. Birgi kecco ana moƔƔi e ǧaǧi<br />
8. Birgi pucci e baali ana moƔƔi e pangalaaje<br />
9. Birgi pucci e baali ana ǣuuǣi<br />
12
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Birgi ana moƔƔi e …………………………..<br />
a. ndiyam<br />
b. ngesa<br />
c. li’eewa<br />
2. Haakooji baǧǧi ana moƔƔi e ……………………<br />
a. ngesa<br />
b. birgi<br />
c. ndiyam<br />
3. Birgi ana hokka leydi …………………………………..<br />
a. semmbe<br />
b. barke<br />
c. wulaare<br />
4. Leydi ndemeteedi ana yiǧi ……………………………..<br />
a. ndiyam<br />
b. wulaare<br />
c. birgi<br />
Cross Word<br />
Birgi To make<br />
MoƔƔinde To burn<br />
Puccu Fruits<br />
Mbaalu Roots<br />
ǧaǧi Horse<br />
Li’eewa Sheep<br />
ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Compost<br />
Duppude Garden<br />
Compost Pit Construction: Translate into <strong>Fulfulde</strong>.<br />
You dig a hole ___________________________<br />
You put the clay in the hole ____________________<br />
You put the sand on the clay ___________________________________________<br />
Grass on the sand ___________________________________________________<br />
You put the straw on the green ________________________________________<br />
You put left over food or cattle manure on the straw or the green herb__________<br />
__________________________________________________________________<br />
You cover the cattle manure or leftovers with ashes ________________________<br />
13
You water the compost every day. _______________________________________<br />
Essay: Explain the different steps of natural fertilization in fulfulde<br />
14
Ko Warata Kuukoy<br />
Pesticides<br />
OBJECTIVES: Identify two types of pesticide<br />
Explain how to use them and their importance<br />
Notes:<br />
In some areas, people prefer natural pesticides because it is a cheap and safe alternative to<br />
chemical fertilizers.<br />
Dialogue<br />
Demba: Jam waali Musa, hono ngaǧuǧa so ngesa ma nga wooǧi ? Gesa am fuu boni hikka.<br />
Musa: Koǧum bonni ngesa ma nga?<br />
Demba: Kuukoy rawani koy ngarti ley ngesa am nga. Mi annda fuu no ngaǧam mi<br />
Musa: Dum kaa tiǧa, Demba. Dabare lobbo mo tiiǧa ana woodi. Jooni ngesa ma<br />
moƔƔan. So a uni pitaale ponnguda, a hawrini e saabunnde, a accan waala jamma gooto. A<br />
wiccan ndiyam ǧam dow ngesa ma. Jooni kuu koy koy fuu mbittan, ngesa ma duu moƔƔan.<br />
Demba: Dum kaa mi annday. Musa ley galle am ngaa fuu leǧǧe ponnguda.<br />
Musa: Dabare goǧǧo duu ana woodi, kaa omo tiiǧi seeǧa. Dum woni poson<br />
mbicceteede dow awdi oo. Min oo, mi yiǧaa mo sanne sabi golle makko ana heewi, omo<br />
torra neǧǧo.<br />
Demba: Miǧo yiǧi ngara subaka, kollaa kam noleǧǧe oo moyyinirte.<br />
15
Musa: Gasi. Alla hollu en subaka<br />
Demba: Aamina, tiyaabu<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum woni e ngesa Demba?<br />
2. Dabareeji hono foti ngoodi?<br />
3. Dabare homo ǣuri yaafude?<br />
4. Kosaabi Musa yiǧa dabare ǧiǧoǣo oo?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Ngilngu / gilyi Caterpillar Chenille<br />
ǣaǣati Grasshopper Sautrelle<br />
Come / puccu alla Praying mantis Mante religieuse<br />
Nyuunyu Ant Fourmi<br />
ŋoomburu Mouse Souris<br />
Totooru Rat Rat<br />
MooƔu Termit Termite<br />
Kulle ŋaarooje Insect Insecte<br />
Ko warata kuukoy Pesticide Pesticide<br />
Posoni Chemical pesticide Pesticide chimique<br />
Jaba Onion Oignon<br />
Layi Garlic L’ail<br />
Danndi Hot pepper Piment<br />
Sira Tobacco Tabac<br />
Ndoondi Ash Cendre<br />
Haako Leave Feuille<br />
Ponnguda Neem Neem<br />
Kahi Cassia nigricans<br />
Sabunnde Soap Savon<br />
Curki Smoke Fumée<br />
Petorole Kerosenne Pétrole<br />
Sin Kind Type / sorte<br />
Nafa Importance Avantage<br />
Torra Inconvenient Inconvenients<br />
Unude To grind Piler<br />
Wattude x ley y To put x into y Mettre x dans y<br />
Wiccude To spray Asperger<br />
Warude To kill Tuer<br />
Riiwude To chase Chasser<br />
MoƔƔinde To make Préparer<br />
Rentinde To mix Mélanger<br />
ǣeydude To add Ajouter<br />
Ȃyolude To rotten Pourrir<br />
16
True or False<br />
1. Ngesa Demba boni hikka sanne<br />
2. Ngesa Musa boni hikka<br />
3. Kuukoy ana ley ngesa Musa<br />
4. Musa ana mari dabare ko warata kuukoy<br />
5. Demba annda ǧii dabareeji<br />
6. Poson ana wara kuukoy<br />
7. Dabare goǧǧo oo ana tiiǧi<br />
8. Demba ana yiǧi dabare ǧiǧoǣo oo<br />
9. Musa ana yiǧi wallude Demba<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Gesa Demba ana heewi ……………. Sanne<br />
a. gawri<br />
b. ndiyam<br />
c. kuukoy<br />
2. Musa …………. Dabare ko warata kuukoy<br />
a. ana yiǧi<br />
b. ana mari<br />
c. ana waawi<br />
3. Dabare go’oǣo oo ana …………<br />
a. moyyi<br />
b. yaafi<br />
c. tiiǧi<br />
Cross Word<br />
Kuukoy Insecticide<br />
Ngesa Insect<br />
Ko warata buukoy Work<br />
Golle The first<br />
Go’oǣo The second<br />
ǧiǧoǣo Trees<br />
Leǧǧe Poison<br />
Poson Farm<br />
Essay: Your friend is a farmer who is having problems with insects in his farm. Suggest<br />
measures he can take to fight the insects (write a dialog).<br />
17
Translate the sentences below in <strong>Fulfulde</strong>:<br />
1- The organic pesticide kills all the insects.<br />
______________________________________________________________<br />
2- If you make an organic pesticide, you need: onion, hot pepper, tobacco, ash, garlic,<br />
soap and neem.<br />
_______________________________________________________________<br />
3- You pound everything.<br />
______________________________________________________________<br />
4- You leave the organic pesticide to ferment for three days.<br />
______________________________________________________________<br />
5- You spray the organic pesticide on your nursery.<br />
_______________________________________________________________<br />
6- The pesticide chases insects away.<br />
_______________________________________________________________<br />
Imagine a conversation and create a dialog. What are the<br />
people saying?<br />
Amadu: ____________________________________________________________<br />
Samba: _____________________________________________________________<br />
Amadu: _____________________________________________________________<br />
Samba: _____________________________________________________________<br />
Amadu: ____________________________________________________________<br />
Samba: ____________________________________________________________<br />
Find out information about natural pesticides. Make up<br />
questions with your peers and ask the gardeners in your<br />
host village.<br />
18
Suǣugol e Montugol Awdi<br />
Colleting and Storing Methods for Seeds<br />
OBJECTIVES: Identify the different types of seeds<br />
Give some methods and collecting criteria<br />
Explain some storage techniques<br />
Notes:<br />
People are not used to planting wild trees. Some seeds like the baobab should not be<br />
planted in the concessions or in fields. Some people think that if one plants baobab in the<br />
concession, the chief of the family will die.<br />
Text: Suǣugol e Montugol Awdi<br />
Ndemoowo fuu ana haani suǣude awdi mun fadde aawude. Keǣal Ɣamnde e awdi loǣǣiri<br />
haǣǣodi, ǧum waǧi so demoowo fuu ana haani suǣade awdi mun. Awdu lobbori an haani<br />
taweede ǣenndi faa ǣaa gasi, tawe barmere fuu wala hen.<br />
Suǣugol ana heewi sin<br />
-Neǧǧo ana waawi suǣiraade junngo: ǧum ǣuri laaǣude ka ana taaǧi<br />
-Neǧǧo ana waawi suǣiraande ndiyam: so gabbe ǧe ngattaama ley ndiyam<br />
ko doyi fuu moƔƔa.<br />
So awdi suǣaama ana haani momteede faa gasa pati kuukoy naatu hen so bonna, ǧum waǧi<br />
so yogaaǣe ana ngatta hen ndoondi, e njaareendi, won duu ngattooǣe poson ko warata<br />
kuukoy.<br />
19
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum saaboto keǣal Ɣamnde lobbere?<br />
2. Koǧum woni awdi lobbiri?<br />
3. Hono awdi suǣirte?<br />
4. Hono awdi momtirte?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Awdi Seeds Semence<br />
Suǣugol Collecting Collecte<br />
ǣennduǧo Ripe Mûr<br />
Alhaali lobbo In good shape Bonne forme<br />
Ittude To pick Ceuillir<br />
Suǣude To collecte Collecter<br />
Yinkude To shake Sécouer<br />
ŋabbude To climb Monter<br />
E leydi One the ground Par terre<br />
Samminde To make fall down Faire tomber<br />
Sawru stick Baton<br />
ǣinnde hareewi Shea nuts Noix de karite<br />
ǣiǣǣe leemburu Orange seed Graine d’orange<br />
ǣiǣǣe leemburu lammuǧo Lemon seed Graine de citron<br />
Kaakol Container Recipient<br />
Booti Can Boîte<br />
Caaku mana Plastic bag Sac en plastique<br />
Loonde Canary/ Water Jar Canari<br />
Mbeelu The shade Ombre<br />
Resude To conserve Conserver<br />
Ȃolude To get rotten Pourrir<br />
Nokku A palce Endroit<br />
Ko yoori Dry Sec<br />
Ko ǣuuǣi Fresh Frais<br />
Resugol Storage Conservation<br />
Sokottu Defect Défaut<br />
True or False<br />
1. Awdi ana haani suǣeede<br />
2. Keǣal Ɣamnde ana haǣǣodi e awdi lobbiri<br />
3. Awdu lobbiri ana haani ǣenndude fa gasa<br />
4. Awdi lobbiri yiǧa barmere<br />
5. Suǣugol sin ǧiǧi ngoodi<br />
6. Awdi ana waawi suǣireede junngo<br />
7. Ndiyam waawa suǣireede awdi<br />
8. Awdi ana haani momteede faa gasa<br />
9. Kuukoy ana bonna awdi<br />
20
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Awdi lobbiri ana yiǧi …………..<br />
a. looteede<br />
b. uneede<br />
c. suǣeede<br />
2. Awdi lobbiri ana haani …………….<br />
a. fanǧude<br />
b. moyyude<br />
c. ǣenndude<br />
3. Awdi ana waawi suǣireede …………..<br />
a. junngo<br />
b. ndiyam<br />
c. leydi<br />
Cross Word Exercice<br />
Awdi Insecticide<br />
Suǣude To collect<br />
Montude To wash<br />
Lootude Hand<br />
Junngo Poison<br />
Poson To store<br />
Ko warata kuukoy Seed<br />
Essay: What are the methods used to collect and store seeds in your village?<br />
Imagine an animation with the women gardeners of your host village on the methods<br />
of seeds/and fruits collection and selection. Make proposals to improve these methods.<br />
21
Somoyaaji Aaweteeǧi ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
The Main Common Vegetables Grown in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
OBJECTIVES: Identify the different vegetables<br />
Give their importance<br />
Dialogue:<br />
Mark: Jam Ȃalli Ali.<br />
Ali: Jam tan Mark! Aǧa selli?<br />
Mark: Jam tan. Hoto njaata?<br />
Ali: Mi yahan yarnoyde li’eewa am.<br />
Mark: Koǧum aawuǧa hikka?<br />
Ali: Hikka mi aawi ko heewi.<br />
Mark: Koǧum e koǧum?<br />
Ali: Mi aawi salaati, jaba, tamaati, masuku, pompiter, eko nanndi e mun.<br />
Mark: Hono ngatta so ǧum fuu ǣenndi?<br />
Ali: So ǧum ǣenndi min e Aysa min ittan ko min mbaawi Ȃaamude ko, min cottan ko<br />
heddiiko.<br />
Mark: Mi faami jaati, jaka eǧum heevi nafa sanne. Alla wallu!<br />
Ali: Amiina! Tiyaabu.<br />
Mark: Baraaji.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Heǣe kaldata gaa?<br />
2. Hoto Ali yahata?<br />
3. Koǧum Ali aawi hikka?<br />
4. Hono Ali watta so li’eewa makko ǣenndi?<br />
5. Koǧum golle li’eewa nafata Ali e Aysa?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Maaro Rice Riz<br />
Tew Meat Viande<br />
liǧǧi Fish Poisson<br />
Nebam Butter Beurre<br />
Tamoro Fruit Datte<br />
Gawri Millet Mil<br />
Oro ǣokko Green leaves Feuilles vertes<br />
Kosam Milk Lait<br />
Beterawu Beets Betterave<br />
Salaati Salad Salade<br />
Jaba Onion Oignon<br />
Tamaati Tomatoes Tomate<br />
Dene Water melon Pastèque<br />
22
Tigaaje Peanuts Arachide<br />
Ȃebbe Beans Haricot<br />
Polle Hibiscus Dah rouge<br />
Goŋaadje Okra Gombo<br />
Bogooru Squash Courge<br />
Mbambari Corn Maïs<br />
Ku Yam Igname<br />
Seremme Fonio Fonio<br />
Pompiter Potato Pomme de terre<br />
Masaku Sweet potato Patate<br />
Lemburuba Orange Orange<br />
Banana Banana Banana<br />
Maangoro Mango Mangue<br />
Manje Papaya Papaya<br />
Karooti Carrot Carotte<br />
Cofal Chicken Poulet<br />
ǣoccooǧe Eggs Oeufs<br />
Mbuuru Bread Pain<br />
Sikkoro Sugar Sucre<br />
Nebam Oil Huile<br />
Bananku Cassava Manioc<br />
Anaana Pineapple Ananas<br />
Buyaaki Goyava Goyave<br />
Leemburu Lemon Citron<br />
True or False<br />
1. Mark ana yaha li’eewa.<br />
2. Ali yo awoowo.<br />
3. Aysa yo genndi Mark.<br />
4. Ali e Mark ana Ȃaama<br />
5. Ali yo Abba Mark.<br />
6. Ali ana rema tamaati.<br />
7. Ali e Aysa cottata ko ǣe ndemata ko.<br />
8. Ali e Aysa ana Ȃaama ko ǣe ndemata ko.<br />
9. Golle li’eewa ana heewi nafa.<br />
10. Mark yo ndemoowo.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Ali e Mark ana<br />
a. pija<br />
b. golla<br />
c. ngaajo<br />
2. Aysa yo<br />
a. debbo Mark<br />
b. debbo Ali<br />
c. Inna Mark<br />
23
3. Ali ana aawa<br />
a. gawri<br />
b. tamaati<br />
c. maaro<br />
Cross Word<br />
Ndemoowo To ripen<br />
Tamaati To eat<br />
Jaba To sell<br />
Masaku To understand<br />
Salaati A farmer<br />
Ȃaamude Salad<br />
Sottude Sweet potato<br />
Faamude Onion<br />
ǣenndude Tomato<br />
Essay: Name the different vegetables grown in your country (in <strong>Fulfulde</strong>)<br />
24
Demal Gese ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Field Crops Production in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
OBJECTIVES: Identify the foods grown in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Tell the importance of field crops in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Notes: August and September are difficult months for the farmers. During these periods<br />
the granaries are empty and the new crops not yet ready. This period is called the transition<br />
between hard period and abundance. Some taboos exist in some ethnic groups as far as<br />
food is concerned. The eating habits vary according to regions. In general, people accept<br />
hardly to change the habits.<br />
Dialogue:<br />
Tood: Jam waali!<br />
Bakari: Jam waali<br />
Tood: Hoto njahata?<br />
Bakari: Mi yahan gese.<br />
Tood: Koǧum ndemuǧa hikka?<br />
Bakari: Mi remi gawri, mbayeeri, tigaaje, mbambaari seremme e maaro seeǧa. Mi<br />
aawi masaku e bananku.<br />
Tood: Dum gasi sanne. Leǧǧe ngon e gese ma ǧee na?<br />
Bakari: Leǧǧe ngala, mi feƔƔi ǧe fuu.<br />
Tood: Nenno a annda nafa leǧǧe na? ǧe nanngan leydi, ǧe kaǧam ǧum weǧaade, ǧe kaǧan<br />
henndu bonnude ko aawa ko, ngesa ma moyyan.<br />
Bakari: So alla jaǣi mi tutan leǧǧe faa heewa ko warata. An e tiyaabu.<br />
Tood: An e barraji.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum Bakari remi hikka?<br />
2. Leǧǧe ngon e gese makko ǧe na?<br />
3. Koǧum leǧǧe nafata?<br />
4. Koǧum Bakari waǧata ko warata?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> French English<br />
Ȃamri Cultures vivrières Food crops<br />
Gawri Petit mil Millet<br />
mbayeeri Sorgho Sorghum<br />
Mbammbaari Maïs Corn<br />
Ȃebbe Haricot Bean<br />
Seremme Fonio Fonio<br />
Masaku Patate Sweet potato<br />
Kuu Iganme Yam<br />
Pompiter Pomme de terre Potato<br />
25
Banaku Manioc Manioc<br />
ǧaǧi Tubercule / racine Tubercle/roots<br />
Ngesa Champ Field<br />
Golle gese Travaux champêtres Field jobs<br />
Ceeǧu Saison sèche Dry season<br />
Ndunngu Hivernage Rainy season<br />
Wakkati awgal Période de semences Planting time<br />
Kettal Récolte Harvest<br />
Waylitinde aawdi Rotation des cultures Crop rotation<br />
Aawude Semer To plant<br />
Hettude Récolter To harvest<br />
Taccude Couper To cut<br />
Remude Sarcler To weed<br />
Tutude Démarier / planter To thin / to plant<br />
Fiyude toobe Butter To hill<br />
Toobe Buttage Hilling<br />
Tuturi Démariage Thinning<br />
Demal Sarclage Weeding<br />
Rentinde aawdi Association des cultures Companion planting<br />
Sin Genre Type<br />
True or False<br />
1. Tood yo ndemoowo.<br />
2. Bakari remi gawri e tigaaje.<br />
3. Tood e Bakari ndemi mbambaari.<br />
4. Bakari remay maaro.<br />
5. Bakari remay tigaaje e seremme.<br />
6. Leǧǧe kewǧe ngon e ley ngesa Bakari nga.<br />
7. Leǧǧe ngala ley ngesa Tood nga.<br />
8. Bakari feƔƔi leǧǧe makko ǧe fuu.<br />
9. Bakari ana anndi nafa leǧǧe.<br />
10. Bakari ana wara tutude leǧǧe faa heewa.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Hikka Bakari remi …………………<br />
a. gawri<br />
b. maaro<br />
c. Ȃebbe<br />
2. Bakari annda nafa ……….ley ngesa<br />
a. ndiyam<br />
b. leǧǧe<br />
c. leydi<br />
3. Leǧǧe ana kaǧa leydi ……….<br />
a. leefude<br />
b. weǧaade<br />
c. yoorude<br />
26
Cross Word<br />
Maaro Trees<br />
Gawri Rice<br />
Leǧǧe To cut<br />
Leydi Millet<br />
FeƔƔude To spoil<br />
Bonnude To seed<br />
Aawude Soil<br />
Essay: Identify the different crops grow in your area.<br />
Meet a gardener of your host village and find out his storage practices for<br />
vegetables. Take notes of all the information and describe to him 2<br />
improved storage practices for vegetables according to the seasons.<br />
Explain volunteer’s roles in field crops production in <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
27
Gerefe Leǧǧ ǧǧ ǧǧe ǧǧ<br />
Fruit Tree Grafting<br />
OBJECTIVES: Define fruit tree grafting<br />
Talk about the importance of fruit tree grafting<br />
Text: Gerefe Leɗɗ ɗɗ ɗɗe ɗɗ<br />
Gerefe yo golle ngaǧeteeǧo e leǧǧe ndimooje ǣiǣǣe Ȃaameteeǧe yella ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe ǧe ana<br />
keddo e moƔƔiude. Dum woni taƔude caǣal lobbal e lekki ndimoowi so takka ngal e lekki<br />
ngokki ki rimata ǣiǣǣe mbelǧe yella kanki du eki rima ǣiǣǣe lobbe mbelǧe.<br />
Gerefe yo waylitinde lekki ndimoowi e lekki ngokki. Ngal caǣal lobbal taƔaangal hokkata<br />
nafaka lobbo e lekki ngokki, ǧum woni hono:<br />
. ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe kewde sin,<br />
. ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe lobbe,<br />
. rimugol lekki njawngol na taaǧungol,<br />
. leggal lekki tekkuki.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum woni gerefe?<br />
2. Hono gerefe wadirte?<br />
3. Koǧum caǣal lobbal taƔaangal ngal nafata?<br />
4. Koǧum woni nafaka caǣal taƔaangal ngal?<br />
28
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Gerefe Grafting Greffage<br />
Lekki gerfaaki Grafted tree Porte greffe<br />
Caǣal Branch Branche<br />
ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Fruits Fruit<br />
Laǣi Knife Couteau<br />
Mana Plastic Plastique<br />
ǣoggol Rope Corde<br />
Koǣaale Bark Écorce<br />
Fayude To become big Grossir<br />
Mawnude To grow up Grandir<br />
Suǣaade To choose Choisir<br />
Hesude To sharpen Tailler<br />
TaƔude To cut Couper<br />
Feccude To spilt Fender<br />
Haǣǣude To tie Attacher<br />
Fewnude To improve Améliorer<br />
ǣolo Simple Ordinaire<br />
Ko senndi x e y Difference between x and y Difference entre x et y<br />
Haybude To maintain Entretenir<br />
True or False<br />
1. Gerefe yo golle leǧǧe.<br />
2. Gerefe yo golle ndiyam.<br />
3. Gerefe ana moƔƔina lekki.<br />
4. Gerefe ana moƔƔi e lekki ki rimata.<br />
5. Gerefe ana waǧa so lekki rima ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe mbelǧe.<br />
6. Gerefe yo waylitinde lekki ndimoowi e lekki ki rimata.<br />
7. Caǣal lobbal taƔaangal ngal ana mari nafaka.<br />
8. Gerefe ana hokka lekki ǣiǣǣe kewǧe sin.<br />
9. Gerefe ana hokka lekki ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe kewǧe.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Gerefe yo golle …………<br />
a. leǧǧe.<br />
b. ndiyam.<br />
c. leydi.<br />
2. Gerefe ana waǧa so lekki rima ……….;<br />
a. ǣiǣǣe kewǧe sin.<br />
b. ǣiǣǣe ǧe ǣennday.<br />
c. ǣiǣǣe bonǧe.<br />
29
3. Gerefe ana moƔƔi e lekki………….<br />
a. pamari<br />
b. ki rimata<br />
c. njorki<br />
Cross Word Exercise<br />
TaƔude To dry<br />
Caǣal To eat<br />
ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe To cut<br />
Yoorude Usefulness<br />
Nafaka Work<br />
Golle Fruits<br />
Ȃaamude Branch<br />
Translate the paragraphs below:<br />
1- Methods of grafting and budding<br />
Methods of grafting can be classified under four headings, depending on the<br />
type of grafting material used and its position on the stock plant:<br />
• Grafting with scions, which used pieces of stem joined to the<br />
stock by<br />
□ cleft (wedge) grafting, or<br />
□ whip or tongue grafting;<br />
• Budding (bud grafting) used buds as propagating material;<br />
• Approach grafting when two rooted plants are united. When the<br />
graft has taken, the plants are separated.<br />
The choice of a grafting method depends on the plant species, on the gardener’s<br />
personal experience and on the diameters of the material. If you cannot get detailed<br />
information, it is best to try several methods and see which one is the most successful.<br />
2- Grafting tools<br />
Only a few tools and some simple materials are needed for grafting:<br />
• A knife with a very sharp cutting blade;<br />
• Lengths of pliable binding material (string, or plastic tape);<br />
• A little birdlime, resin or a recommended form of wax for<br />
sealing, if you use binding material made of twine;<br />
• A pair of secateurs, useful for cutting scions from branches<br />
and for topping stock<br />
30
• plants;<br />
• A budding knife. This is a knife with a curved, sharp-pointed<br />
blade that grafting specialists use to make clean incisions in<br />
the bark of the rootstock. The success of grafting operations<br />
depends very much on the sharpness and cleanliness of the<br />
knife blade. The grafter’s hands and tools must be clean at all<br />
times and knives should be sterilized between each grafting<br />
operation.<br />
Essay: Tell the difference between fruit tree grafting in <strong>Mali</strong> and fruit tree grafting in<br />
America.<br />
31
Waylitingol ǣiǣǣ ǣǣ ǣǣe ǣǣ Leǧǧ ǧǧ ǧǧe ǧǧ<br />
Fruits Transformation<br />
OBJECTIVES: Talk about the importance of fruit transformation.<br />
Use vocabulary related to the topic.<br />
32
Notes: Many people don’t know how to transform fruits; they just let the fruit dry or spoil.<br />
Dialogue<br />
Fanta: Jam waali Oumou! Ngesa maa nga moƔƔi hikka dee, kaa ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe ma fuu anni<br />
bona. Koǧum waǧi?<br />
Oumou: Fanta, mi ronki sottude ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe am ǧe, mi annda fuu no ngaǧan-mi.<br />
Fanta: Mi maatani en dabare keso jooni; ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe men nde fuu ana mbaawi<br />
waylitteede, ǧe ngaǧe ley dutuuji tawe ǧe bonay. Ūum woni ko wiyete konfitiri. Maangoro,<br />
polle bodeeje e ko nanndi e mun fuu ana waawi wayliteede. Eǧum soode, nafa majjum ana<br />
heewi.<br />
Oumou: Hono ǧum ne gollirte, kori kaalisi mun heewa?<br />
Fanta: Wolonter kor de la pe ana jooǧi gaa. Eǧen mbaawi noddude mo wara mo holla en<br />
no moƔƔinirte. Mi taƔori, mo salataako.<br />
Oumou: Gasi, an e tiyaabu.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum heǣi ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Oumou?<br />
2. Koǧum Oumou waawi waǧude?<br />
3. Homo waawi hollude ǣe no golle oo waǧirte?<br />
4. Kosaabi Oumou ana yiǧi waylitinde ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe makko?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Suǣaade ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Select fruits Triage des fruits<br />
Suǣaade ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe ǣennduǧe Select ripen fruits Choisir des fruits mûrs<br />
Lootude To wash Laver<br />
Lootiorde ndiyam jawe To wash with bleach Laver avec l’eau de javel<br />
Homtude To peel Epulcher<br />
Taccude To cut Couper<br />
Peesude To weigh Peser<br />
ŋiisude To grind Broyer<br />
Wattude somoyaaji To add vegetables Ajouter des ingredients<br />
waȂȂude To boil Bouillir<br />
Warude geeƔi To sterilize Steriliser<br />
Wattude x ley kaakol To pack Emballer<br />
Momtude To preserve Conserver<br />
Somoyaaji Vegetables Ingredients<br />
ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Fruits Fruits<br />
Sukkaro Sugar Sucre<br />
Leemburu lammuǧo Lemon Citron<br />
Suuwude To dip/to soak tremper<br />
Laǣi Knife Couteau<br />
Fotiire Pot Marmite<br />
Horde Ladle Louche<br />
Ŋiisirgal Grinder Broyeuse<br />
33
Siyo Bucket Seau<br />
Furne Stove Fourneau<br />
Taasa mana Plastic plate Tasse en plastique<br />
Taasa fugan Aluminum plate Tasse en alu<br />
Dutuuru Bottle Boutielle<br />
Ɠulǣe Charcoal Charbon<br />
True or False<br />
1. Ngesa Fanta moƔƔi hikka.<br />
2. Ngesa Oumou moƔƔi sanne hikka.<br />
3. ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Oumou fuu annii mona.<br />
4. Oumou ronki sottude ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe makko.<br />
5. Oumou ana waawi waylitinde ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe makko.<br />
6. Fanta ana jogi dabare lobbo.<br />
7. Wayhitingol ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe ana yaafi.<br />
8. Wolonter kor de la pe ana waawi wallude ǣe.<br />
9. Fanta e Oumou ana yiǧi noddude wolonter kor de la pe wara walla ǣe.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Ngesa Oumou moƔƔi ………….. sanne<br />
a. rawani<br />
b. jooni<br />
c. hikka<br />
2. Oumou ronki ………………….. ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe makko.<br />
a. soodude<br />
b. Ȃaamude<br />
c. sottude<br />
3. …………… leǧǧe ana mbaawi wadeede konfitiri<br />
a. pitaale<br />
b. ǣiǣǣe<br />
c. ǧaǧi<br />
Cross Word Exercise<br />
ǣiǣǣe leǧǧe Jam<br />
Ngesa Mango<br />
Waylitingol To sell<br />
Yornugol To eat<br />
Sottude Farm<br />
Ȃaamude Fruit<br />
Maagoro Transformation<br />
Konfitiri Drying<br />
Essay: Explain how to make mango jam in <strong>Fulfulde</strong> (write a paragraph)<br />
34
Yornugol Ȃamdu<br />
Solar Drying<br />
OBJECTIVES: Explain the different methods of solar drying<br />
Speak about the advantages of solar drying<br />
Notes: Drying fruit in order to conserve it is a new pratice in many villages.<br />
Text: Hono Ȃamdu yornirte?<br />
Yornugol kulle ana heewi alhaadi. Ley ko Ɣaǣǣi, yimǣe ana mboowi yornude Ȃamri e<br />
Ȃanaduuji. Eǣe daǧǧa daage e leydi na ǣe daǧǧi Ȃorǧe so naage yalti, kaa ko ǣuri fuu<br />
heewude tuundi ana naata hen, ǧum ne yo farrati sabi fulǣe mbi “reedu waawa looteede”.<br />
Dum waǧi so yimǣe keǣi hakkileeji esi no kulle njornirte, hono liilude dow karaaje naa<br />
dow danǧe; ǣe tiloo ǣe cudda ǧum kaddungal saasi. Dum ana haǧa buubi koǧude dow hen,<br />
ana haǧa naange duu bonnude Ȃamdu ndu.<br />
Comprehension Questions:<br />
1. Hono yimǣe mboowi yornirde Ȃamdu ley ko Ɣaǣǣi?<br />
2. Koǧum woni farati e yornugol kulle?<br />
3. Koǧum woni hakkillaaji kesi e yornugol kulle?<br />
4. Koǧum buubi ngaǧata Ȃamdu?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Ko yornirte Dryer Sechoir<br />
Naange Solar dryer Sechoir solaire<br />
Montude To conserve Conserver<br />
Yornude Do dry Secher<br />
Ȃolude To rot Pourrir<br />
Geeyi Microbe/ Germ Microbes<br />
Waylitinde Contaminate Contaminer<br />
Bonnude To spoil Gater<br />
Nafa Ȃamdu Food value Valeur alimentaire<br />
ǣeydaari Surplus Surplus<br />
Donkal Shortage Penurie<br />
Ȃaamude To eat Manger<br />
Hettude To harvest Recolter<br />
Feewude To increase Multiplier<br />
Nafaka kewǧo Many advantages Beaucoup d’avantages<br />
ǣonnudude To ripen Mûrir<br />
Ittude To extract Extraire<br />
Wertude To spread out Eparner<br />
Momtude To conserve Conserver<br />
35
True or False<br />
1. No kulle njormirte ana heewi.<br />
2. Ȃamdu ana yorne dow daage.<br />
3. So Ȃamdu suddaaka tuundi ana naata hen.<br />
4. Ȃamdu yorneeteende ana haani suddeede.<br />
5. Ȃamdu ana waawi liileede dow danǧe.<br />
6. Buubi ana njiǧi hoǧude dow Ȃamdu.<br />
7. Naange ana bonna Ȃamdu.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Yimǣe ana mboowi ………… Ȃamdu<br />
a. Ȃaamude<br />
b. defude<br />
c. yornude<br />
2. So Ȃamdu ana yorne ana haani …………<br />
a. suddeede<br />
b. looteede<br />
c. yuppeede<br />
3. Buubi ana …………………dow Ȃamdu<br />
a. jippo<br />
b. koǧa<br />
c. naata<br />
Cross Word Exercise<br />
Ȃamri Hunger<br />
Yornude To be used to<br />
Ndanki Mat<br />
Daago Dirt<br />
Tuundi Fly<br />
Mbuubu To spoil<br />
Bonnude - Food<br />
Woowude To dry<br />
Essay: What are the methods used to dry foods in your village?<br />
36
Li’eewa Forobaawa<br />
Steps of Starting up a Community Garden<br />
OBJECTIVE: Explain the steps of starting up a community garden<br />
Observe this image and guess what they are doing<br />
Dialogue<br />
Samba: No Ȃalluǧa Ben?<br />
Ben: Jam ni sagomen.<br />
Samba: Miǧen njidi mballa min gollude li’eewa ley ngenndi amen ndii.<br />
Ben: Baasi wala. Jooni aǧa waawi haldude e yimǣe ngenndi ma ndi faa cuǣoǧen<br />
leydi lobbiri ǧo li’eewa nga darnete.<br />
Samba: Miǧen njogi nokku ǧo min asi ǣulli ǧiǧi, kaa min ngala kaalisi ko min coodira awdi.<br />
Ben: So on kawri, miǧo waawi wallude on ndaarude mballa e proje daraniiǧo<br />
kabaaru golle gese oo,<br />
Samba: Nenno, koǧum minen ne miin kaani waǧude?<br />
Ben: Darne walde daraniinde haybugol li’eewa nga e golleeeji ǧi,<br />
Samba: Min cuǣiki worǣe gollooǣe li’eewa nga kaȂum e rewǣe njarnooǣe kükiiǧe fuu.<br />
Ben: Gasi! Alla yaafin ko heddi ko.<br />
Samba: Aamiina! An e tiyaabu.<br />
Ben: Baraaji.<br />
37
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum Ben e Samba kaalata dow mun?<br />
2. Koǧum Samba lamndi Ben?<br />
3. Hoto ǣe mbaawi heǣude kaalisi?<br />
4. Heǣe ngollatta li’eewa nga?<br />
5. Heǣe njarnata li’eewa nga?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Sardiŋe Garden Jardin<br />
Kaaki Sardiŋe Garden Tools Outils du jardin<br />
Yarnirgal Watering can Arrosoir<br />
Jalo The hoe Daba / houe<br />
Soliwo The hoe Binette<br />
Pel Shovel / digger Pelle<br />
Tutirgal Dibble Plantoir<br />
Metirgel ( ǣoggol ) Gardener’s line Cordeau<br />
Buuwirǧi njanndi The rake Râteau<br />
Bruweeti Wheelbarrow Brouette<br />
Pikku Pick Pic<br />
Nokku ndiyam Water source Point d’eau<br />
Leydi lobbiri ( moƔƔiri) Good soil Bon sol<br />
ǣunndu The well Puits<br />
Gere x Near x À côté de x<br />
ǧatol / Ɣaǣǣirgol Path Allée<br />
Naange Sun Soleil<br />
Nokku / jonnde sardiŋe Site selection Choix du terrain<br />
Plansi Bed Planche<br />
Njuundi The length Longueur<br />
Njaanji The width Largeur<br />
ǧooǧe booko Clod Motte de terre<br />
Yarnude To water Arroser<br />
ǧoofude huǧo To weed Désherber<br />
Asude To dig Creuser<br />
Fusude To break Casser<br />
MoƔƔinde To make Confectionner / fabriquer<br />
Fonndude To level Niveler<br />
Meetaade To measure Mesurer<br />
Gollude To work Travailler<br />
X ana nawtire / nafa x yo… Used for Servir à<br />
Aawude To sow Semer<br />
Hurude To fence Clôturer<br />
Tutude To plant Planter<br />
Tutiri/awdi Seeds Semis<br />
38
True or False<br />
1. Samba yo jannginoowo Ben..<br />
2. Ben yo golloowo Samba.<br />
3. Golle oo yo golle li’eewa forobaawa.<br />
4. Ngenndi ndi won nokkure ǧo ǣe darna li’eewa.<br />
5. Ngenndi ndi wala kaalisi golle oo.<br />
6. Ngenndi ndi asi ǣulli sappo.<br />
7. Ben ana walla ngenndi ndi ndaarude kaalisi.<br />
8. Ben ana yarna li’eewa nga kiikiiǧe fuu.<br />
9. Ngenndi ndi darni walde hayboore li’eewa nga.<br />
10. Ngenndi ndi suǣiki worǣe golloǣe li’eewa nga.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Samba yo …………….<br />
a. aawoowo<br />
b. jannginoowoo<br />
c. ndemoowo<br />
2. Ngenndi ndi suǣiki ……………..<br />
a. ndiyam lobbam<br />
b. leydi lobbiri<br />
c. worǣe gollooǣe<br />
3. Ben ana walla ngenndi ndi …………..<br />
a. remude<br />
b. asude ǣulli<br />
c. ndaarude mballa<br />
Cross Word<br />
Foroba Farms<br />
Gese Wells<br />
Golle Work<br />
Mballa Help<br />
Walde Money<br />
Kaalisi Association<br />
Leydi Community<br />
ǣulli Soil<br />
Essay: Your village wants to make a community garden; tell the different steps to<br />
follow in fulfulde.<br />
39
Dental Gese e Leǧǧ ǧǧ ǧǧe ǧǧ<br />
Agro Foresrty in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
OBJECTIVES: Talk about the importance of trees in a farm<br />
Talk about strategies to plant trees in a farm<br />
Texte: Dental Gese e Leǧǧ ǧǧ ǧǧe ǧǧ<br />
Leǧǧe ana mari nafa ley gese sanne. Eǧen kaani tutude leǧǧe ley gese men. Sabi so ngesa<br />
wala leǧǧe, ǧum ana torra nga sanne. Won awdi ndi nyiǧa naange sanne hono awdi pamari.<br />
So leǧǧe ana dari dow awdi fuu, ndiyam ana waawi ǣooyude ley mun, tawe naange<br />
tampinay ǧum. Dum ana waawi duu newnude yarnugol ngesa naa li’eewa saatu fuu. Kaa so<br />
leǧǧe keewi ley ngesa, ǧum duu ana waawi waddude bonnanda, ǧum waǧi so yoga e majje<br />
ana mbaawi feƔƔeede wakkati e wakkati. Leǧǧe e gese ana mbaawi hawrude tawe<br />
bonnanda waǧay. So demoowo tuti leǧǧe jokkondirale ley ngesa, aawi hakkunde majje,<br />
ana heewi ko ngesa nga moƔƔata tawe naange e rafi ndiyam tampinay nga. So golle ngesa<br />
nga timmi, leǧǧe ǧe ana mbaawi taƔeede faa ǧe defire, ǧum ana heewi nafa.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum kaanuǧen waǧude ley gesa men?<br />
2. Koǧum leǧǧe nafata ley ngesa?<br />
3. Hono leǧǧe kaani laataade ley ngesa?<br />
40
4. Koǧum leǧǧe nafata caggal so gese timmi?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Lekki Tree Arbre<br />
Henndu Wind Vent<br />
Ndiyam Water Eau<br />
Ngesa Farm Champ<br />
Awdi Seed Semance<br />
Demal Farming Culture<br />
Kettal Harvest Recolte<br />
Ndunngu Rainy season Saison de pluie<br />
Ceedu Hot season Saison sèche<br />
Dabbunde Cold season Saison froide<br />
Mbeelu Shade Ombre<br />
Naange Sunlight Soleil<br />
Ko warata kuukoy Insecticide Insecticide<br />
Luggere Hole Trou<br />
Tayude To cut Couper<br />
Nafaka Importance Importance<br />
Bonannda Disaster Desastre<br />
Hoggo Fence Clôture<br />
Foondu Bird Oiseau<br />
Yarnude To water Arroser<br />
Yoorude To dry Secher<br />
toǣude To rain Pleuvoir<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Leǧǧe ana mari nafa ley ………….<br />
a. Ndiyam<br />
b. Naange<br />
c. Ngesa<br />
2. Naange e rafi ndiyam ana …………….. ngesa<br />
a. torra<br />
b. nafa<br />
c. boni<br />
3. Leǧǧe njokkondirǧe ana ……………… engesa<br />
a. moƔƔi<br />
b. boni<br />
c. taȂȂi<br />
Cross Word Exercise<br />
Nafude Farm<br />
FeƔƔude Seed<br />
Jokkomdirde To make tired<br />
Leǧǧe kewǧe Garden<br />
41
Tampinde To be useful<br />
Awdi To be follow each other<br />
Li’eewa To cut<br />
Ngesa A lot of tree<br />
Essay: You are talking with a group of farmers about the ralationship between trees<br />
and farms. Create a dialog.<br />
Go around some fields and discuss with the farmers who need help, propose them the<br />
method of agro-forestry and its advantage.<br />
42
Yarmugol Li’eewa<br />
Irrigation<br />
OBJECTIVES: Explain two types of irrigation<br />
Tell the importance of irrigation<br />
Notes: Drip irrigation is new to <strong>Mali</strong>ans.<br />
43
Text:<br />
<strong>Mali</strong> yo leydi remoori mawndi. Yimǣe ana ndema gese wakkati ndunngu, eǣe ndema<br />
li’eewa wakkati ceeǧu. Kaabaaru ndiyam li’eewa tiǧa, yimǣe hewǣe ana njarnira ndiyam<br />
ǣunndu, yogaaǣe ana njarnira ndiyam mayo na ndiyam pompu. Neǧo ana waawi moƔƔinde<br />
basin ndiyam, ǧum ana walla marude ndiyam balǧe kewde. So a itti ndiyam ley ǣunnduma<br />
a watti ley basin ndiyam ma, aǧa waawi doomude faa subaka mun ŋeǧa njarnira ǧam. So a<br />
moƔƔini marugol ndiyam ma aǧa waawi waǧude hen yulannde e gorruwol ko yaata ley<br />
pangalaaje ma. So aǧa yarna a udditan yulannde nde tan ndiyam yahan ley pangalaaje ma.<br />
Rakor duu ana waawi yarnireede tawe a ǣonnay ndiyam ǧam. So a sukki hunndoko rakor<br />
oo e robine ma naa pompu ma a fooǧi ndiyam yaade ley panngallaje ma a yarnan tawe a<br />
tampay, a watta yaa warta. Gollooǣe li’eeje ana kaani ndaarude ǧii dabaareeji yella eǣe<br />
cultino.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Mande yimǣe <strong>Mali</strong> ndemata gese?<br />
2. Hono yimǣe njarnirta li’eeje mun en?<br />
3. Hono marugal ndiyam yarnirte?<br />
4. Hono pompu e rakor njarnirte?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
Fulflfulde English French<br />
Tiyo Hose Tuyau<br />
Moto pompu Motor punp Moto pompe<br />
Basin Basin Basin<br />
Njarnirgal Watering can Arrosoir<br />
ǣunndu Well Puit<br />
Maayo River Fleuve<br />
Mana Plastic Plastic<br />
Dogude To run Couler<br />
Süwaade To filter Se filter<br />
Yuppaade To pour Verser<br />
Yarnude To water Arroser<br />
Simon Cement Ciment<br />
Njaareendi Sand Sable<br />
KaaƔe Stones / rocks Pierres<br />
Esansi Petrol Essence<br />
Gaazuwal Gasoil Gazoil<br />
Puuli Pulley/Windlass Pouli<br />
Ndiyam Water Eau<br />
fooǧude To pool Tirer<br />
Uddude To close Fermer<br />
Uddutinde To open Ouvrir<br />
Sukkude Plug Boucher<br />
Panngalaawal Flower Bed Planche<br />
44
True or False<br />
1. Yimǣe <strong>Mali</strong> ana ndema gese.<br />
2. Yimǣe <strong>Mali</strong> ndemata li’eeje.<br />
3. Yimǣe ana njarnira ǣulli.<br />
4. Ndiyam pompu ana yarnire li’eeje ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
5. Basin ana walla marugol ndiyam.<br />
6. Ndiyam basin ana newna yarnugol demoowo.<br />
7. Rakor ana walla yarnugol pangallaje.<br />
8. Ndiyam maayo yarnirtaake li’eeje ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
9. Rakor ana ǣuyta tamfere njarnoowo.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Remooǣe <strong>Mali</strong> ana ndema gese ley ……..<br />
a. ceeǧu<br />
b. dabbunde<br />
c. ndunngu<br />
2. Ndiyam pompu ana yarna ………… faa gasa<br />
a. ngesa<br />
b. lekki<br />
c. li’eewa<br />
3. Ndiyam basin ana ………….. golle demoowo<br />
a. yaafina<br />
b. newna<br />
c. tiiǧina<br />
Cross-Word<br />
Ceeǧu Garden<br />
Ndunngu Well<br />
Rakor Water<br />
Ndiyam Pump<br />
Pompu Rain season<br />
ǣunndu Hot season<br />
Pangalaawal Irrigation<br />
Li’eewa Join<br />
Essay: Explain the different types of irrigation used in your village.<br />
45
Sakkaade Bonannda Henndu e Ɣiwoonde<br />
Soil Erosion<br />
OBJECTIVES: Talk about the different types of erosion<br />
Talk about two solutions to prevent erosion<br />
Notes: Some people think that the erosion destruction is a calamity.<br />
Text: Bonannda Henndu e Ɣiwoonde<br />
So ngesa haybaaka haybu lobbo, henndu e ndiyam jiwoode ana mbaawi bonnude ǧum.<br />
Dabareeji kewdi ana ngoodi mbawdi sakkanaade gese e li’eeje bonannda henndu e ndiyam.<br />
So ngesa ana dari e feeya ǣolo, nde henndu mawndu naa ndiyam wari fuu ana waawi<br />
naǣude leydi ndi faa ǧaǧi awdi fuu njalta. Dum ana wadda bonannda mawǧo e ngesa. Ana<br />
tinndina remooǣe tuta leǧǧe mbawǧe ǣuytude semmbe henndu e ndiyam ley ngesa. Eǣe<br />
kaani darnude leǧǧe ǧe banngal ǧo henndu iwrata ǧoo faa semmbe mayru ǣuyto, sabi so<br />
lefol aranol leydi ndi witti fuu, awdi waawa gasude ǧon kasen. Kasen duu, yimǣe aawooǣe<br />
kulle pamare hono Ȃebbe e tigaaje e somoyaaji ana kaani asude luggoy pamory ko nanndi e<br />
feccere lewru ǧo ǣe aawata awdi ndi ǧo, ǧum ana darna ndiyam ley ko aawa ko. Oo dabare<br />
ana moyyi sanne.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum bonnata gese?<br />
2. Hono haani waǧeede?<br />
3. Hoto leǧǧe kaani tuteede ley ngesa?<br />
4. Koǧum leǧǧe nafata ley ngesa?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Leydi aartiindi Erosion Erosion<br />
Diiku Barrier Digue<br />
Ko ooȂi jippaade Slope Pente<br />
Laawol kaaƔe Rock line Ligne de roche<br />
Ladde Bush Brousse<br />
Ndiyam dogoojam Stream Eau de ruissellement<br />
Baaraasi pamaro Small dam Micro barrage<br />
Hesugol Clearing Defrichement<br />
Cumu ladde Bush fire Feux de brousse<br />
Bonannda iwoonde Water erosion Erosion hydrique<br />
Tutugol leǧǧe Replanting trees Reboisement<br />
Dogude To flow Ruisseller<br />
Tutude To plant Planter<br />
Huǣǣude To burn Brûler<br />
46
TaƔude To cut Couper<br />
MoƔƔinde To make Fabriquer<br />
Haǣaade To fight against Lutter contre<br />
True or False<br />
1. Ngesa ana haani haybeede haybu lobo.<br />
2. Henndu e ndiyam ana moƔƔi e gesa.<br />
3. Ngesa moƔƔa dow feeya ǣolo.<br />
4. Henndu mawndu ana waawi naǣude leydi ngesa.<br />
5. So ǧaǧi ngesa fuu njalti, ǧum ana wadda bonannda.<br />
6. Leǧǧe ana ǣuyta semmbe henndu ley ngesa.<br />
7. Lefol aranol leydi ana moƔƔi e ngesa.<br />
8. Luggoy pamoroy ko nanndi e feccere lewru ana darna ndiyam ley ngesa.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Haybu ……………. Ana moƔƔi e ngesa<br />
a. bonǧo<br />
b. lobbo<br />
c. Yimǣe<br />
2. Henndu e ndiyam ana bonna ngesa nga wala<br />
a. ndiyam<br />
b. leydi<br />
c. leǧǧe<br />
3. Leǧǧe ana mbaawi ǣuytude semmbe ………..<br />
a. ndiyam<br />
b. henndu<br />
c. leydi<br />
d. a + b<br />
Cross Word<br />
Ɣiwoonde Water<br />
Ndiyam Tree<br />
Leǧǧe Seed<br />
Tutude People<br />
ǧaǧi Wind<br />
Yimǣe To plant<br />
Lewru Roots<br />
Awdi Rain<br />
47
Write a paragraph in which you will talk about erosion<br />
control techniques to a gardener.<br />
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Essay: Explain the other methods of preventing erosion you know (in <strong>Fulfulde</strong>).<br />
48
Kaatane Moyyintinaaǧe<br />
Mud Stove<br />
Objectives: Talk about the necessity to use improved stove<br />
Talk about the two types of stoves with their importance<br />
Text<br />
Ley leydi men ndi leǧǧe ana ngondi e famǧitinde. Nde jiwoonde wari fuu ana waǧa<br />
bonannda e leydi ndi, dum wadi so ana tinndina yimǣe ǣuyta sumugol leǧǧe yella ladde<br />
men an darto, yella gese men ana ndeeno e bonannda ndiyam e henndu. Kaatane kese<br />
moyyintinaaǧe sin ǧiǧi ana ngoodi, ǧe bonnata leǧǧe, eǧe moƔƔi sanne; ǧum woni.<br />
- Kaatane booko: eǧe mo moƔƔinira nyamndi tool keso e booko, eǧe<br />
mbaawi defireede leǧǧe e Ɣulǣe.<br />
- Kaatane nyamndi : eǧe mo moƔƔinira nyamndi tool keso; eǧe mbaawi<br />
defireede Ɣulǣe, ǧe bonnata Ɣulǣe, ǧe bonnata kaalisi; ede keewi nafa.<br />
Ana tinndina pati yimǣe nyoppuǧe ley jiwoonde, pati ǣe ŋifu yiite nge dow kaatane<br />
ǧe e ndiyam sabi dum ana waǧa so kaatane ǧe puuna.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum woni e leǧǧe leydi men ndi?<br />
2. Koǧum haani waǧeede faa ladde men darto?<br />
3. Kaatane sin hono-foti ngoodi?<br />
4. Koǧum woni haybbo dee kaatane?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
Fulfude French English<br />
Kaatane booko Foyer amélioré Mud stove<br />
Booko Banco Mud<br />
Booko manaawo Argile Clay<br />
Hayre Caillou Stone<br />
Njaareendi Sable Sand<br />
Beeku Bouse de vache Cow shit<br />
Leggal Bois Wood<br />
Jaltinirgal cuurki Cheminée Chimney<br />
Lugeere Trou Hole<br />
Cuurki Fumée Smoke<br />
Saǧǧaaji Dépenses Expenses<br />
Nafaaji Avantages Advantages<br />
x faa heewi Beaucoup de x A lot of x<br />
x ana yaafi X est facile X is easy<br />
Coggu x tiiǧa Moins coûteux Less expensive<br />
Mahude x Construire To make/to build<br />
Ndartude x Chercher To look for<br />
49
Yoppude x Laisser To leave<br />
Lewnude x Mouiller To wet<br />
Diiǣude x Pétrir To make mud<br />
Meelude x Crépir To plaster<br />
Sumude x Brûler To burn<br />
Marude x Economiser To save<br />
Nafa x ana heewi X est avantageux X is advantageous<br />
X + ana haaja x Avoir besoin de x To need<br />
True or False<br />
1. Ladde men ana wondi e famǧitinde.<br />
2. Rafi leǧǧe ana saabo bonannda leydi.<br />
3. Rafi ledǧe ana saabo bonannda gese.<br />
4. Kaatane kese sin tati ngoodi.<br />
5. Kaatane kese sin ǧiǧi ngoodi.<br />
6. Kaatane booko ana moƔƔinire e njamndi tool.<br />
7. Kaatane nyamndi ana moƔƔinire e nyamndi toll.<br />
8. Kaatane kese ǧee ana bonna Ɣulǣe.<br />
9. Ana tinndina pati yimǣe ŋifu yiite dow kaatane.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Leǧǧe leydi men ana ngondi e<br />
a. mawnude<br />
b. majjude<br />
c. famǧitinde<br />
2. Rafi leǧǧe e ley gese ana saabo bonannda<br />
a. ndiyam<br />
b. henndu<br />
c. a + b<br />
Cross Word Exercise (find the corresponding word)<br />
Leǧǧe To turn off<br />
Leydi Mud stove<br />
Bonannda Stove<br />
Sumude Trees<br />
Kaatane Metalic stove<br />
Ndiyam Water<br />
Kaatane booko To burn<br />
Kaatane nyamndi Disaster<br />
ŋifude Soil<br />
Describe the different kinds of stoves used in your village (in <strong>Fulfulde</strong>)<br />
50
Marugol Coffe<br />
Chicken Raising in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
OBJECTIVE: Explain the importance of chicken raising in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Dialogue<br />
PCV: Giǧo jam waali!<br />
Demba: Jam waali Billy ! Kori a wari faa kaalen dow marugol daabaaji pamari?<br />
PCV: Jaati! Ley saare nde marugol cofe ana waawi moƔƔude sanne. Hono mbawuǧen<br />
ǣeyǧirde nafa marugol cofe ǧe?<br />
Demba: Eǧen kaani ndaartude proje, Ɣeewude tiidalla ngondo hen, kaalen hono<br />
proje oo waǧirte. Koǧum woni e hakkile ma?<br />
PCV: Ko mbiiǧa ko ana nannga hakkille. Eǧen kaani Ɣeewude hono marugol cofe waǧirte<br />
ǧoo, koǧum heǣete hen, yella yimbe ǣe ana njiǧi marude cofe naa?<br />
Demba: Miǧo miila eǣe njiǧi sanne.Dow hoǧum mbawǧen hokkude ǣe hakkille?<br />
PCV: Eden mbaawi hokkude ǣe hakkille dow hono kuru-kuru mahirte, dow ŋamdu cofe e laabal.<br />
Demba: Ayyoo, hono oo proje ana heewi nafa: omo hokka kaalisi, omo ǣeyda ŋamdu galle<br />
moƔƔude.<br />
51
Comprehesion Questions<br />
1. Koǧum Demba e Billy kaalata?<br />
2. Hono ǣe mbaawi ǣeyǧirde nafa marugol cofe?<br />
3. Koǧum ǣe kaani Ɣeewude doo?<br />
4. Dow koǧum ǣe mbaawi hokkude jama oo hakkille?<br />
5. Koǧum woni nafa oo proje?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Cofal Chicken Poulet<br />
Cofal dewal Hen Poule<br />
Ndontoori Cock / rootser Coq<br />
ǣikkoy cofoy Chick Poussin<br />
Cofe tuubaaku Layer hen Pondeuse<br />
Cofe ǣaleeǣe Local chicken Poulet local<br />
ǣoccode cofe Chicken egg L’oeuf de poule<br />
ǣoccoonde Egg L’oeuf<br />
Jawngal Guinea fowl Pintade<br />
Tonkonoowal Duck Canard<br />
Wojere Rabbit Lapin<br />
Mbaalu / baali Sheep Mouton<br />
Mbeewa / bé’i Goat Chèvre<br />
Daabaa Animal Animal<br />
Kuru kuru Chicken coop Poulailler<br />
ŋaw Disease Maladie<br />
Cewǧe Foul pox Rougeole<br />
Ŋaw giilon New Castle disease Maladie de new castle<br />
Kolera Cholera Choléra<br />
Pikkiri Vaccination Vaccination<br />
Si A kind Une sorte<br />
Ȃaamirgal Feeding trough Mangeoire<br />
Jarnirgal Watering trough L’abreuvoir<br />
Ȃamndu Food Nourriture<br />
Marude x To breed / raise élever<br />
Haybude To take care of Entretenir<br />
Sawrude To treat Soigner<br />
Pikkude To vaccinate Vacciner<br />
Wuuwude To sweep Balayer<br />
Boccinde To lay eggs Pondre<br />
Heǣude To get Obtenir<br />
Wurnude / Ȃamminde To feed Nourrir<br />
Mahude To build Construire<br />
Reenude To protect Protéger<br />
52
True or False<br />
1. Demba e Billy ana kaala haala marugol daabaaji.<br />
2. Eǣe kokkondira hakkillaaji.<br />
3. Ko Demba wihi ko nanngi hakkille Billy.<br />
4. Eǣe kaani Ɣeewude no marugol cofe warǧirte ǧoo tafon.<br />
5. ǣe annda so yimǣe ǣe ana njiǧi marugol cofe.<br />
6. Demba ana miila ǣe njiǧa marugol cofe.<br />
7. Billy ana yiǧi hollude Demba no kuru-kuru moƔƔinirte.<br />
8. Oo proje ana heewi nafa.<br />
9. Oo proje ana wadda kaalisi.<br />
10. Oo proje heewa nafa.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Demba e Billy ana kaala haala …………………………..<br />
a. marugol daabaaji<br />
b. marugol cofe<br />
c. marugoel pooli<br />
2. Haala Demba ka nanngi hakkile …………………………<br />
a-yimǣe<br />
b-Billy<br />
c-rewǣe<br />
3. Eǣe kaani Ɣeewude no ……………………… waǧirte ǧoo tofon.<br />
a- kuru-kuru<br />
b-marugol cofe<br />
c-kaatane<br />
4. Oo proje ana heewi ……………………….<br />
a. torra<br />
b-nafa<br />
c-kaalisi<br />
Cross Word (find the corresponding word)<br />
Cofe idea<br />
Daabaaji Chicken<br />
Marude Animals<br />
Hakkille People<br />
Yimǣe Money<br />
Kaalisi Project<br />
Proje To convince<br />
Nangude hakkille To raise<br />
53
Marugol Daabaaji ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Animal Raising in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
OBJECTIVES: Identify animals raised in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Explain the importance of animal raising in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
54
Text: Marugol Daabaaji<br />
Marugol daabaaji ana heewi nafa ley leydi men ndi. Fulǣe ana mari nai e be’i e<br />
baali e pucci e dakiiji. Burdaaǣe ana mari geelooǧi, bellaaǣe e remooǣe ana mari dakiiji,<br />
boobooǣe ana mari girooji. Yimǣe hewǣe ana mara cofe e pooli kaȂum e daabaaji ladde<br />
hono daawaaǧi e muusuuji e boje.<br />
Nafa daabaaji ana heewi e leydi men ndi snane. Yogaaji ana golla e gese hono gay e<br />
pucci e geelooǧi, yogaaji ana ndawire hono dakiiji, e pucci e geelooǧi.<br />
Nguure jama oo fuu e dow daabaaji ǧi woni sabi edi kirse, eǧi Ȃaame, fulǣe ana cotta ǧi faa<br />
keǣa kaalisi ko ǣe cooda Ȃamdi, leydi men ndi ana naǣa daabaaji ley leyǧe kewǧe hono<br />
Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina e Senegal.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Daabaaji heǧi fulǣe mari?<br />
2. Heǣe mari geelooǧi ley <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
3. Heǣe mari giroopi ley <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
4. Daabaaji heǧi ndemata?<br />
5. Ley leyǧe hede <strong>Mali</strong> naǣata daabaaji?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Hoggo Pence Cloture<br />
Durugol Herding Pâturage<br />
Duroowo Herder Berger<br />
Yarnude To make drink Faire boire<br />
ǣirugol To milk Traire<br />
Kosam Milk Lait<br />
Haabu Wool Laine<br />
Tew Meat Viande<br />
Hirsugol To cut the throat Egorger<br />
Nagge Cow Vache<br />
Ngaari Bull Taureau<br />
Mbaalu Sheep Mouton<br />
Mbeewa She goat Chèvre<br />
Puccu Horse Cheval<br />
Ndakiire Donkey Âne<br />
Ngeelooba Camel Chameau<br />
Muusuuru Cat Chat<br />
Rawaadu Dog Chien<br />
Fowru Hyena Hyiène<br />
Rawaandu ladde Lion Lion<br />
iiwa Elephant Elephant<br />
Ngabbu Hippopotamus Hippopotami<br />
ŋata Crocodile Crocodile<br />
Cofal Chicken Poule<br />
Jawngal Giinean fowl Pintard<br />
55
Ngiroowu Pig Porc<br />
True or False<br />
1. Daabaaji ngala ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
2. Fulǣe marata daabaaji.<br />
3. Boobooǣe ana mari dakiiji.<br />
4. Remooǣe ana mari geelooǧi.<br />
5. Pucci ana golla ley gese.<br />
6. Be’i e baali ana golla ley gese.<br />
7. Daabaaji ana Ȃaame ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
8. Fulǣe ana cotta daabaaji.<br />
9. Daabaaji ana kirse ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
10. <strong>Mali</strong> ana nelda daabaaji ley leyǧe kewǧe.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Na’i e bey e baali ana e juude ………………<br />
a. boobooǣe<br />
b. fulǣe<br />
c. remooǣe<br />
2. Daabaaji ana keewi ………… ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
a. torra<br />
b. nafa<br />
c. golle<br />
3. Daabaaji ana ………………… ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
a. Ȃaame<br />
b. kirse<br />
c. cotte<br />
4. <strong>Mali</strong> ana naǣa daabaaji ley leyǧe hono ………<br />
a. Amerik<br />
b. Faransi<br />
c. Senegal<br />
Cross Word<br />
Nagge To eat<br />
Mbaalu Horse<br />
Mbeewa goat<br />
Puccu Cow<br />
Ngiroowu Sheep<br />
Rawaandu Dog<br />
Sottude To sell<br />
Hirsude To kill (slaughter)<br />
Ȃaamude Pig<br />
Essay: What animals are raised in your country (in <strong>Fulfulde</strong>)<br />
56
Marugol Ȃaaki<br />
Beekeeping<br />
OBJECTIVES: Identify the different places where bees are kept in <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
Talk about the different types of beekeeping in <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
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Text: Marugol Ȃaaki.<br />
Marugol Ȃaaki ana heewi nafa sanne. Anndal alhaadi haybu Ȃaaki ana yaafina<br />
marugol majji e heǣugol njumiri. E ley <strong>Mali</strong> beǧi kiǧǧi e beǧi kesi ana maraa nokkuje<br />
kewǧe. Njumri ana itte ley laamu segou, kayi, kulikoro, sikaaso e moti<br />
Beǧi sin tati ana ngoodi ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
. Beǧi kiǧǧi: ǧum woni ko leydi men woowi waǧude<br />
. Beǧi iwranǧi en Kenya e Senegal<br />
. Beǧi kesi njaltuǧi: ǧum woni ko henndu parfin waǧete hundoko cuuǧi Ȃaaki ko.<br />
Marugol Ȃaaki ana yiǧi haybu lobo sabi eǧi keewi sin. GaȂo majji yo:<br />
. Pallaaǧe e totooji<br />
. Polli e kulle ndiwooje<br />
. Mooyu e ko nanndi e mun.<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Koǧum yaafinta marugol Ȃaati?<br />
2. Hoto njumri ittete ley <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
3. Beǧi sin hono foti ngoodi ley <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
4. Koǧum woni gaȂo Ȃaaki?<br />
58
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Marugol Ȃaaki Beekeeping Apiculture<br />
Sin Type Type<br />
heǣude tiǧalla Meet difficulties Rencontres des difficultés<br />
ǣilude x dow huunde To hang x on something Suspende x sur un objet<br />
mbeǧu Beehive Ruche<br />
Ittugol / njumri Honey harvest Recolte du mile<br />
X ana waǧe X can be X se fait<br />
fiǧude To bite Piquer<br />
ǣoggol leydi Snake Serpent<br />
Ȃaaku Bee Abeille<br />
Saamude To fall Chuter<br />
Cumu ladde Bush fire Feu de brousse<br />
Sumude To burn x Brûler x<br />
Ladde Bush Brousse<br />
JoƔƔinde To set x Placer x<br />
Haǣǣude To tie x Attacher x<br />
Faa gasa Well Bien<br />
GawƔe stalks En secko<br />
Loonde Canary/ Water Jar un canari<br />
Koǣaale lekki Tree bark Ecorce d’arbre<br />
X Kenya Kenyan x X de Kenya<br />
Terde x Body of x Corps de x<br />
Uddoode njamndi Metal cover Couvercle en tôle<br />
Gan Gloves Gant<br />
Laǣi Knife Couteau<br />
Kaddule ittirǧe Ȃaaki Coveralls Combinaison<br />
Nokku curki Smoke house Enfumoir<br />
Uddoode Cover Lève cadre<br />
Borosi Ȃaaki Bee brush Brose à abeille<br />
No x joƔƔinirte How to set x Comment placer x<br />
Nokku ndiyam Water point Point d’eau<br />
Laawol mangol Main road Grande voie<br />
Ȃakkere Conglomerate Grande agglomeration<br />
Nafa Usefullness Utilité<br />
Buuzi Candle Bougie<br />
Siiraazi Polish Cirage<br />
Ȃamdu Food Alimentation<br />
Safaare Medicine Médicaments<br />
Farrati Risk Risque<br />
True or False<br />
1. Maroowo Ȃaaki ana haani anndude alhaali majji.<br />
2. Marugol Ȃaaki ana yiǧi haybu lobo.<br />
59
3. Beǧi kesi e kiǧǧi ana ngoodi ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
4. Njumri walaa ley laamu segou.<br />
5. Njumri ana itte ley laamu kulikoro e motti.<br />
6. Njumri ana itte ley nokkuje kewǧe ley <strong>Mali</strong>.<br />
7. Beǧi sin tati ana ngoodi ley <strong>Mali</strong> hannde.<br />
8. Beǧi kesi ana iwrana en Senegal e Kenya.<br />
9. Ȃaaki ana mari gaȂo.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Marugol Ȃaaki an yiǧi …………. majji<br />
a. anndal<br />
b. golle<br />
c. alhaali<br />
2. Beǧi njumri sin ………… ana ley <strong>Mali</strong><br />
a. ǧiǧi<br />
b. nay<br />
c. tati<br />
3. Njumri wala ley laamu ……………<br />
a. kidal<br />
b. segou<br />
c. koulikoro<br />
Cross Word<br />
Meǧu Ȃaaku Termite<br />
Njumri Keeping/raising<br />
Marugol Honey<br />
Mbeǧu keso New<br />
Mbedu kiǧǧo Beehive<br />
Nokkuuje Wind<br />
Henndu Management<br />
Haybu Places<br />
MooƔu New beehive<br />
Pallaaǧe Old beehive<br />
Essay: Explain the differences between beekeeping in <strong>Mali</strong> and beekeeping in<br />
America.<br />
60
Golle Wolonter Demal<br />
Talking about AG Volunteer’s Work<br />
OBJECTIVES: Use vocabulary related to the sector<br />
Talk about the role and Peace Coprs goals.<br />
Notes: The volunteer should always respect the culture and the customs of his/her<br />
community. The good reputation of Peace Corps in <strong>Mali</strong> is due to volunteers’ cultural<br />
integration. At the biginning of service, particularly in a new site, it’s very important that<br />
community members understand volunteers’ work in order to avoid confusion between<br />
PCV and tourist or NGO agent.<br />
Dialogue<br />
Mark: Miǧo wiye Samba Bah, miǧo iwa amerik, mi wolunter kor de la pe. Miǧo golla<br />
kabaru golle gese e li’eeje.<br />
Amiiri: A waddamin kaalisi faa heewi na?<br />
Mark: Mi wardi e hakkillaaji kesi mbawǧi wallude en fewude golle gese mon<br />
Amiiri: Neno, koǧum woni golle ma jaati ?<br />
Mark: Miǧo jogi anndal kabaaru demal; ǧum saabi so miǧo wara jooǧaade gaa duuǣi ǧiǧi<br />
mi jannga haala mon, mi jaanga neesuuji mon faa mi gollida e mon. Hoore golle amin oo<br />
faa Amerik woni. Min ngari gollude gaa faa min mballa on e golleeji mon, ǧum saabi so<br />
miǧen njannga haalaaji mon e neesuji mon yella golle amen oo ana yaafa. Njomdi duu<br />
walana min hen.<br />
Amiiri: Ayyo! Mi faami sanne jooni. Baasi wala. Bisimila e ma<br />
Mark: Saha!<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Hono woni innde Mark ley <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
2. Koǧum woni golle Mark?<br />
3. Koǧum Mark waddani yimǣe <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
4. Koǧum Amiiri miilata e Mark?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Sardiŋe Garden Jardin<br />
Kaaki Tools Outils du jardin<br />
Yarnirgal Watering can Arrosoir<br />
Jalo The hoe Daba/houe<br />
Soliwo / saliiwo The hoe Binette<br />
Pel Shovel/digger Pelle<br />
Tutirgal Dibble Plantoir<br />
Metirgel ( ǣoggol ) Gardener’s line Cordeau<br />
Buuwirǧi njanndi The rake Râteau<br />
Bruweeti Wheelbarrow Brouette<br />
Pikku Pick Pic<br />
61
Nokku ndiyam Water source Point d’eau<br />
Leydi lobbiri ( moyyiri) Good soil Bon sol<br />
ǣunndu The well Puits<br />
Gere x Near x À côté de x<br />
ǧatol / yaǣǣirgol Path Allée<br />
Naange Sun Soleil<br />
Nokku / jonnde sardiŋe Site selection Choix du terrain<br />
Plansi Bed Planche<br />
Njuundi The length Longueur<br />
Njaanji The width Largeur<br />
ǧooǧe booko Clod Motte de terre<br />
Yarnude To water Arroser<br />
ǧoofude huǧo To weed Désherber<br />
Asude To dig Creuser<br />
Fusude To break Casser<br />
MoƔƔinde To make Confectionner / fabriquer<br />
Fonndude To level Niveler<br />
Meetaade To measure Mesurer<br />
Gollude To work Travailler<br />
X ana nawtire/nafa x yo… Used for Servir à<br />
Aawude To sow Semer<br />
Huurude To fence Clôturer<br />
Tutude To plant Planter<br />
Tutiri Seeds Semis<br />
True or False Sentences<br />
1. Mark ana iwa Amerik.<br />
2. Mark yo wolonter kor de la pe.<br />
3. Mark ana anndi golle demal.<br />
4. Mark wardi e hakkillaaji kesi.<br />
5. Mark ana yiǧi wallude yimǣe ngenndi e golle maǣǣe.<br />
6. Mark ana jooǧo ley <strong>Mali</strong> duuǣi nay.<br />
7. Wolonter en ana keewi ley adune oo.<br />
8. Golle Mark ana heewi nafa.<br />
9. Amiiri faami golle Mark sanne.<br />
Multiple Choice Questions<br />
1. Mark yo wolonter …………………………….<br />
a. Amerik<br />
b. <strong>Mali</strong><br />
c. kor de la pe<br />
2. Mark ana anndi golle ………………..sanne<br />
a. li’eewa<br />
b. gese<br />
c. demal<br />
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3. Kor de la pe yo fedde laamu……………………<br />
a. <strong>Mali</strong><br />
b. Amerik<br />
c. Mark<br />
Cross-word exercise<br />
Golle Knowlrdgr/experience<br />
Demal To help<br />
Gese Work<br />
Li’eewa Farms<br />
Anndal Garden<br />
Neesuuji Culture/customs<br />
Leyǧe World<br />
Aduna Country<br />
Wallude Farming<br />
What food is grown in your village?<br />
In which period of the year do the people of your village farm?<br />
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Golle wolonter Haybu leydi e ladde<br />
Talking about NRM Volunteer’s Work<br />
OBJECTIVES: Use vocabulary related to the sector<br />
Talk about the role of an NRM volunteer.<br />
Notes: The volunteer should always respect the culture and the customs of his/her<br />
community. The good reputation of Peace Corps in <strong>Mali</strong> is due to volunteers’ cultural<br />
integration. At the biginning of service, particularly in a new site it’s very important that<br />
community members understand volunteers’ work in order to avoid confusion between<br />
PCV and tourist or NGO agent.<br />
.<br />
Dialogue<br />
Mike: Jam waali! Miǧo iwa amerik, mi wolonter kor de la pe. Golle am yo haybu leydi e<br />
ladde.<br />
Amiiri: Kori a waddanii-min kaalisi faa heewi sabi miǧen tampi sanne.<br />
Mike: Mi wala kaalisi ka mi wardi e hakkillaaji kesi mbawǧi wallude on no leydi e ladde e<br />
ndiyameeli mon kaybirte.<br />
Amiiri: Koǧum woni golle ma jaati?<br />
Mike: Miǧo jogi anndal mbawngal wallude on so en gollidi. Miǧo waawi wallude on<br />
ndaarude mballa kaa min jaati mi wala kaalisi. Wolonter en hono am ana heewi ley <strong>Mali</strong> e<br />
leyǧe kewǧe e aduna oo. Hoore golle amin oo faa Amerik woni. Min ngari gollude gaa<br />
hakke duuǣi ǧiǧi faa min mballa on e golleeji mon, ǧum saabi so miǧen njannga haalaaji<br />
mon e neesuji mon yella golle amen oo ana yaafa. Njomdi duu walana min hen.<br />
Amiiri: Ayyo, min paami jaati. Bisimila e ma. Ūum ana wella nin sanne.<br />
Mike: Saaha !<br />
Comprehension Questions<br />
1. Homo woni Mike?<br />
2. Koǧum woni golle Mike?<br />
3. Koǧum Mike waddani yimǣe <strong>Mali</strong>?<br />
4. Hoto hoore golle kor de la pe jooǧi?<br />
Vocabulary<br />
<strong>Fulfulde</strong> English French<br />
Wolonter Volonteer Volontaire<br />
Ladde Forest Forêt<br />
Ndiyam Water Eau<br />
Leydi Soil/country Sol/Pays<br />
Haybu Management Gestion<br />
Proje Project Projet<br />
Walde Association Association<br />
Mballa Help Aide<br />
Demal Farming Culture<br />
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Lekki Tree Arbre<br />
Henndu Wind Vent<br />
Jiwoonde Rain Pluie<br />
Nafa Importance Importance<br />
Hawrinde To mixe Melanger<br />
Dabare Solution Solution<br />
Torra Inconvenient Inconvenient<br />
Gollidinde e x To work with Travailler avec<br />
Yaafinde To facilitate Faciliter<br />
Hoolaade hoore mun To have self confidence Avoir confiance en soi<br />
Janngude To learn Appendre<br />
Yimǣe People Gens<br />
Famminde To sensitize Sensibilisation<br />
HeƔude hooremun Self suffiency Auto suffisance<br />
Wallude hoore mun Self help Auto promotion<br />
Golloowo Agent Agent<br />
True or False<br />
1. Mike yo wolonter kor de la pe.<br />
2. Amiiri yo hoore njenndi.<br />
3. Kor de la pe yo fedde laamu Amerik.<br />
4. Mike ana jooǧo ley <strong>Mali</strong> duuǣi tati.<br />
5. Amiiri ana golla kor de la pe.<br />
6. Mike waddi hakkillaaji kiǧǧi.<br />
7. Mike ana mari anndal leydi e ladde.<br />
8. Golle Mike ana yoǣa njomdi.<br />
9. Kor de la pe ana yoǣa Amiiri.<br />
10. Mike ana waawi wallude no mballa heǣirte.<br />
Multiple Choisce Questions<br />
1. Mike ana gollana ……………………….<br />
a. laamu <strong>Mali</strong><br />
b. Amiiri<br />
c. kor de la pe<br />
2. Mike ana jooǧo ley <strong>Mali</strong> duuǣi …………<br />
a. ǧiǧi<br />
b. nay<br />
c. tati<br />
3. Mike ana jogi anndal …………………..<br />
a. gese<br />
b. ladde e leydi<br />
c. ndiyam<br />
Cross Word Exercise<br />
Tampude To help<br />
Wallude To pay<br />
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Hokkude To work together/with<br />
Ladde <strong>Lang</strong>uage<br />
Gollidinde Idea<br />
Hakkille To study<br />
Janngude To get tired<br />
Haala Forest<br />
Yoǣude A pay/salary<br />
Njomdi To give<br />
Essay: In one paragraph, explain a possible project for your site (in <strong>Fulfulde</strong>).<br />
66
Translation of Texts and Dialogues<br />
Garden and Tree Nursery Working Tools<br />
Text<br />
Improving a garden is very important work. Gardening is very good. It is very<br />
useful because vegetables and fruits are a very useful food and very good for health. And<br />
we know that in order to be strong we must eat a good food.<br />
If a farmer works well his garden, he can have more than food for his family,<br />
because he can make some money by selling the crops. A garden worker has many working<br />
tools that can help him work well. Each work has its tools.<br />
The Nursery Preparation and Management<br />
Dialogue<br />
John: Good morning Samba. Do you want to plant trees today?<br />
Samba: Yes, I want to plant trees. What can I do?<br />
John: Tree planting is not difficult. If you want to plant a tree you must look for a small plant<br />
First.<br />
Samba: How can I dig the hole?<br />
John: If you dig the hole you must consider two things: the length of the hole should equal<br />
50cm and the width should be 40cm or 60cm<br />
Samba: I got it. Can I plant the tree after that?<br />
John: No, you should wait a bit, because you must water it and use compost before you<br />
plant the tree<br />
Samba: Thank you!<br />
John: You are welcome!<br />
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Compost and Natural Fertilizers<br />
Text<br />
Preparing the compost is very easy. If a farmer mixes dry grass and fruit tree leaves, he can<br />
make compost. The mixture should be left until it rots and then mixed with the soil to make<br />
the compost. The mixture of animal waste also can be good compost. The compost should<br />
be mixed with the soil several days before growing anything. We must know that the fresh<br />
animal waste can burn the plant roots. Horse and sheep’s waste is very good for plants<br />
because it has a lot of warmth.<br />
Pesticides<br />
Dialogue<br />
Demba: Good morning Musa! How did you do to make your farm successful? All my farm<br />
is spoiled this year.<br />
Musa: What happened to your farm?<br />
Demba: The same insects of last year came back to my farm. I don’t know what to do.<br />
Musa: This is not dificult Demba. We have a very good solution for that. You will<br />
be free from these insects right away. If you pound neem leaves and mix it with soap, leave<br />
it for 24h, filter the water and spread it on your farm. All the insects will disppear.<br />
Demba: I did not know that. My coumpoud is full of neem trees.<br />
Musa: There is another method, but it is more expensive. That is the chemical<br />
pesticide. I do not like it because it is very complicated and it is bad for our health.<br />
Demba: Could you please come tomorrow and help me make the neem leaves?<br />
Musa: Ok. See you tomorrow<br />
Demba: See you. Thanks.<br />
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Colleting and Storing Methods for Seeds<br />
Text<br />
Every farmer should collect his seeds before growing them. A good harvest depends on a<br />
good seed; that is why farmers should collect their seeds. A good seed should be ripe,<br />
without any blemish. There are many ways collecting seeds.<br />
- one can collect by hand: it is cleaner but slow<br />
- one can collect with water: when the grains are put in water, all<br />
the bad ones will float.<br />
After the collection, the seed should be well stored in order to keep it away from an insect;<br />
that is why some people mix it with ash or sand; there are some people who mix it with<br />
poison powder.<br />
The Common Vegetables Grown in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Dialogue<br />
Mark: Good afternoon Ali!<br />
Ali: How are you Mark?<br />
Mark: Peace only! Where are you going?<br />
Ali: I am going to water my garden.<br />
Mark: What did you grow this year?<br />
Ali: I grew a lot this year.<br />
Mark: What and what?<br />
Ali: I grew salad, onion, tomato, sweet potato, potato and things like that.<br />
Mark: What are you going to do when all that is ripe?<br />
Ali: After it is ripe, Aysa and I will take out what we can eat, and then we sell the<br />
rest.<br />
Mark: I got it very well. It is really very useful. May God come in help!<br />
Ali: Amen! Thanks.<br />
Mark: You are welcome.<br />
69
Field Crops Production in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Dialogue<br />
Tood: Good morning!<br />
Bakari: Good morning!<br />
Tood: Where are you going?<br />
Bakari: I am going to the farm.<br />
Tood: What did you grow this year?<br />
Bakari: I grew millet, corn, peanuts, sorghum and some rice. I also grow some<br />
potato and sweet potato.<br />
Tood: That is good. Do you have trees in your farm?<br />
Bakari: No, I cut them all.<br />
Tood: So you do not know the importance of trees? Trees are good for your farm (land).<br />
They protect the farm agianst the erosion, and your farm will be a success.<br />
Bakari: If God is pleased, next time I will grow lots of trees. Thank you!<br />
Tood: You are welcome!<br />
Fruit Tree Grafting<br />
Text<br />
Tree grafting is a work done on fruit trees in order to make good fruits. This is to cut a<br />
good branch from a good fruit tree and attach it with a non productive tree in order to give<br />
good and sweet fruits. Grafting is to transform a non productive tree into a productive tree.<br />
This good branch is very useful to the non productive tree. It provides: a variety of fruits,<br />
good fruits, fast or slow production, a solid tree.<br />
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Fruits Transformation<br />
Dialogue<br />
Fanta: Good morning Oumou! Your farm is very successful this year, but all your fruits<br />
are going bad.<br />
Oumou: Fanta! I could not sell my fruits; I do not know what to do.<br />
Fanta: I heard about a new idea. We can transform all our fruits and put them in a bottle.<br />
This is Jam. We can transform the mangos and things like that. It is easily sold and it<br />
makes a lot of money.<br />
Oumou: How is this made? Is it expansive to make?<br />
Fanta: There is a PCV here, we can call hm to come and show us how to make Jam. I am<br />
sure he will not refuse to come.<br />
Oumou: O.k! Thank you.<br />
Solar Drying<br />
Text<br />
There are many ways of drying things. In the past people were used to dry crops and food.<br />
They spread mats on the ground or they spread fans under the sunlight but, most of the time<br />
the food contains some dust and this is a risk because Peulhs say “a stomach cannot be<br />
washed inside”. That is why people found new methods of drying things such as drying on<br />
bamboo beds or on hangars and then they cover it with a net (mosquito) cloth. This method<br />
can protect the food from flies and the sun.<br />
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Steps of Starting up a Community Garden<br />
Dialogue<br />
Samba: Good afternoon Ben!<br />
Ben: Good afternoon!<br />
Samba: We want you to help us make a community garden in our village. What can we<br />
do?<br />
Ben: No problem! You can talk to your village people and choose a good land<br />
where to make the garden.<br />
Samba: We already have a place where we dug two wells, but we don’t have money to buy seeds.<br />
Ben: If you agree in your community, I can help you find funds with the project<br />
working on farming and gardening.<br />
Samba: Then what will be our role?<br />
Ben: Set up a management committee that will be in charge of garden work.<br />
Samba: We already chose some people who can work the garden and some women who<br />
will water it every afternoon.<br />
Ben: Great! Good luck for the rest.<br />
Samba: Thanks!<br />
Ben: You are welcome.<br />
Agro Forestry in <strong>Mali</strong><br />
Text<br />
Trees are very important in a farm. There is a method of planting trees in a farm. If a farm<br />
doesn’t have trees, it bothers it a lot, because there are some plants which do not like the<br />
sun, like the small crops. If a farm has trees that can make it keep water for longer. It can<br />
also make the watering of a garden easier at any time.<br />
But if a farm has a lot of trees, this can also cause some problems to the farm. That is why<br />
some of them should be cut from time to time. There is a way of planting trees in a farm. If<br />
a farmer plants lined trees and sows between them it can be very successful and the sun can<br />
not bother the crops. After the harvest, the trees can be cut and be used as fire wood. This is<br />
very important.<br />
72
Irrigation<br />
Text<br />
<strong>Mali</strong> is a big farming country. People grow farms during dry season. Garden water<br />
is not difficult. Many people use well water for their gardens, some others use river water<br />
or pump water. One can make a water basin, this can help keeping the water for days. If<br />
you pull your water from the well to the basin, you make the basin; you can make a hole<br />
from the basin and dig a canal going to the floors. If you want to water your garden you<br />
just open the basin’s hole and let the water go to the crops. You can also use a hose to<br />
water your garden without wasting water. If you fix the hose to the basin or the pump to<br />
water your garden you won’t be tired, you will not go and come back. Garden keepers<br />
should use these strategies in order to rest.<br />
Soil Erosion<br />
Text<br />
If a farm is not well controlled, wind and rain water can easily destroy it. That is<br />
why experts showed some solutions to prevent wind and water erosion. If a farm is on an<br />
empty area (place) any time a huge wind or water comes, it can take all the sand away until<br />
all the roots of the crops come out. This can bring destruction to the farm. That is why it is<br />
advised that farmers plant trees that can weaken the wind and water in farms. They should<br />
plant the trees on the direction of the wind in order to stop it, because if the first layer of the<br />
soil goes away, the place will not be useful for farming anymore. There is also the method<br />
of half moon that can keep water in the farm. This is a good solution.<br />
73
Mud Stove<br />
Text<br />
Trees are disappearing in our country. Any time rain comes it can cause disasters.<br />
That is why people are informed to slower tree burning in order to restore our forest and<br />
save our farms from erosion. There are two kinds of new improved stoves. They do not<br />
waste woods and are very good.<br />
- Mud stove: they are made of a new metal and mud they can be used with<br />
both charcoal and wood.<br />
- Metal stove. It is made with a new metal. It can be used with charcoal.<br />
They do not waste charcoal, they do not waste money, and they are very<br />
useful.<br />
It is suggested not to leave them out in the rain, and not to extinguish the fire on them with<br />
water because it can make the stove rust.<br />
Chicken Raising<br />
Dialogue<br />
PCV: Hi my friend!<br />
Homologue: How are you? I hope you have come to talk about small animal<br />
raising.<br />
PCV: Ok. Chicken raising can be successful in this village. How can we improve the<br />
usefulness of our chickens?<br />
Homologue: We must find a project; identify the problems in chicken raising. Talk<br />
about the project. What do you think?<br />
PCV: This is a good idea. We must see how chicken raising can work here. Check its<br />
profit and check if the people want to raise chicken here.<br />
Homologue: I think they really want to. How can we help them?<br />
PCV: We can help them make chicken coops. Talk about feeding hens and sanitation.<br />
Homologue: This project is very important. It can help make money and improve<br />
family food.<br />
74
Animal Raising<br />
Text<br />
Animal raising is very important in our country. Peulhs have cows, goats, sheeps<br />
and horses and donkeys. Tamasheks have camels; Bellas and farmers have donkeys. Bobos<br />
have pigs. Many people have chickens, birds and wild animals like dogs, cats and hares.<br />
Animals are very useful in our country. Some of the animals work on farm like bulls,<br />
horses and camels; others are used as meams of transportation like horses, donkeys and<br />
camels.<br />
All the people’s food is linked with animals because we kill them and eat them.<br />
Peulhs sell them to make money in order to buy food. Our country sends animals to many<br />
countries, like Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina and Senegal.<br />
Beekeeping<br />
Text<br />
Beekeeping is very important. Knowing their behaviour and their management<br />
makes bee keeping easy and how to obtain the honey easier. In <strong>Mali</strong>, new and old hives are<br />
used in many places. Honey is available in Segou, Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso and Mopti.<br />
There are three kinds of hives in <strong>Mali</strong>:<br />
. The old hives: that is what our country knows<br />
. Hives coming from Kenya and Senegal<br />
. New hives: that means putting some perfume on the cover of the hives.<br />
Beekeeping needs a better management because there are many kinds of bees. Their enemies are:<br />
. Lizards and reptiles<br />
. Birds and flying insects<br />
. Termites and things like that<br />
75
Talking about AG Volunteer’s Work<br />
Dialogue<br />
Mark: My name is Demba Bah, I come from America. I am a Peace Corps volunteer. I<br />
work on agriculture<br />
Amiiri: Did you bring us a lot of money?<br />
Mark: I came with new ideas that can help you improve your agriculture<br />
Amiiri: Then, what is your job?<br />
Mark: I know about agriculture, that is why I am coming to stay here for two years. I learn<br />
your language, and your culture in order to work with you. The head of our work is in<br />
America. We are staying here for to help you. That is why we learn your languages and<br />
your culture to make our work easier. We are not paid for it.<br />
Amiiri: OK. I understand very well now. Welcome<br />
Mark: Thanks!<br />
Talking about NRM Volunteer’s Work<br />
Dialogue<br />
Mike: Good morning. My name is Mike. I come from America. I am a Peace Corps<br />
volunteer. I work with Natural Resource Management (NRM).<br />
Amiiri: I hope you bring us a lot of money, because we are very poor.<br />
Mike: I do not have money, but I brought new ideas to help you manage well your natural<br />
Resources<br />
Amiiri: What is your job?<br />
Mike: I have knowledge about NRM. That can help you if we work together. I can help<br />
you find funds but, I do not have money. We are many volunteers in <strong>Mali</strong> and in many<br />
countries in the world. The head of our work is in America. We are staying here for two<br />
years to help you. That is why we learn your languages and your culture to make our work<br />
easier. We are not paid for it.<br />
Amiiri: OK! We got it. You are welcome in our village<br />
Mike: Thank you!<br />
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