Persia from the Earliest Period to the Arab

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IJO HISTORY OF PERSIA. Jovian, accepted terms of peace few Roman leaders would have acknowledged. The five provinces be- yond the Tigris, ceded by the grandfather of Shah- pnr, were restored by him ; Nisibis and Singara given up ; while a special article required the abandonment for ever by the Romans of the kingdom of Armenia. " The predecessors of Jovian," adds Gibbon, " had sometimes relinquished the dominion of distant and unprofitable provinces ; but since the foundation of the city, the genius of Rome, the god Terminus who guarded the boundaries of the Republic, had never retired before the sword of a victorious enemy." In fact, the treaty assented to by Jovian, gave up nearly all that the victories of Galerius had secured. Little is known of the history of Shahpiir after the conclusion of the Roman war, but he is said to have contended with doubtful fortune for the possession of Armenia, and to have made a fresh irruption into the Roman dominions. Finally, in the reign of Gratian, he ended his long and glorious reign of fully seventy years. His two immediate successors, Ardashir II and Shah- pur III, did nothing worthy of commemoration; nor country through which Julian marched, and is mainly supported by the narratives of Magnus of Charrae, and of Eutychianus of Cappadocia, who also accompanied Julian (see John Malala). These writers all speak of what they call the great canal of the Euphrates, and of the dams across the rivers, of which Layard gives such a vivid description. With Arrian, they call these dams calarac/ae, a word which Yaciit is says of Nabathaean origin. These dams were not to prevent, as Layard thinks, hostile shipping ascending the rivers, but rather to keep up a sufficient supply of water for irrigation. The great canal is doubtless the Nahar-al-malk which, according to Abyder.us, was made by Nebuchadnezzar, The Greek Armacal is, I suspect, but a transposition of the letters of the previous word.
HISTORY OF PERSIA. iyi is the third one in succession, Varahn'n IV, famous for anything except as the founder of the city of Kirmanshah, and the part-executor of the famous sculptures of Takt-i-Bostdn, five miles from it. The inscriptions still remaining there, first deciphered by De Sacy, leave no doubt that they were chiefly made by his order, to per- petuate his own name and the glory of Shahpur II. The rule of the next emperor, Jezdigird, is variously related by the writers of the East and the West, the former speaking of him, as an implacable and worthless tyrant, the latter as a wise and virtuous prince. Perhaps the differing tenor of these reports is traceable to the fact that he lived on terms of friendship as well as of peace with the Roman Arcadius, who, at his death, declared him the protector of his son Theodosius the Second. As the young man grew up, the ties of friendship were strengthened between the two empires, and the influence of the Bishop Marathas, the ablest of the ministers of Theodosius, was highly beneficial to the Christians who had now become an important body in Persia. Hither- to they had been, with some reason, held to be bad subjects, their inclinations leading them to support the views of the Christian emperors of Constantinople ; but, from this charge, the bishop, at least during his lifetime, seems to have successfully vindicated them. But Persian toleration was rarely of long endurance. In the next reign, that of Varahran V 1 , a fierce persecu- 1 The Oriental writers assert that Varahran V made a voyage to India about A.D. 435, and married an Indian princess. If the story be true, it is most likely that India means Beluchistan, or else the country at the mouths of the Indus. Varahran V is sometimes called Gatir, from his enthusiastic passion for hunting the Gaur, or wild ass.
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ROCK OF BEHISTAX. Page 91.
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i CONTENTS. LIST OF DYNASTIES Page
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HISTORY OF PERSIA, FROM THE EARLIES
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 9 (Zaratrusthra)
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HIGTORY OF PERSIA. II created good,
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 13 Hence we find
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CHAPTER I. Cyrus Croesus War in Nor
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 17 Professor Raw
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 19 and chattels
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 2T men of Akkad
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 23 has governed
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HISTORY CF PERSIA. 2$ have brought
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 27 had been tran
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 29 the Median em
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 31 the kings of
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 33 fessed submis
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. passionate, acce
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 37 Ecbatana, wit
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 39 their number
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 4! satrap then b
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. memory the Kimme
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 45 sculpture, 5s
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 47 Both these of
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 49 Greeks of the
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CHAPTER II. Xerxes Canal of Athos T
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 53 some places f
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 55 full of brave
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 57 which had gon
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 59 decline of th
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. while the eunuch
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 63 the immediate
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 65 troops; and s
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 67 Ochus soon af
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 69 (though, befo
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 71 this fact: we
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 73 real importan
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 75 Alexander hav
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CHAPTER III. Daniel Darius the Mede
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 79 prepared lyin
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 8 1 he forgot Go
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 83 Belshazzar, a
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 85 of the he-goa
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CHAPTER IV. Tomb of Cyrus Inscripti
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 89 tall figure (
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. f)I of all the A
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occur alternately. HISTORY OF PERSI
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 95 that had been
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 97 other buildin
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 99 between Babyl
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. IOI Roman empire
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 103 a genuine me
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 105 Achaemenian
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 107 out of the s
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 109 hall, called
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. IH Palace. Here
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 1 13 Three other
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 11$ bases only h
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HISTORY OF PERSIA. 1 I/ of his exca
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Page 129 and 130: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 125 tions *. Wit
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Page 141 and 142: HISTORY OF PURSIA. 137 was a wiser
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Page 149 and 150: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 145 that ultimat
Page 151 and 152: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 147 but, by cros
Page 153 and 154: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 149 lings or fai
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Page 157 and 158: HLsTORY OF PERSIA. 153 pointed out
Page 159 and 160: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 155 In fact, the
Page 161 and 162: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 157 reign of Ard
Page 163 and 164: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 159 brated found
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Page 167 and 168: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 163. kingdom of
Page 169 and 170: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 165 of the Persi
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Page 179 and 180: HISTORY OF PERSIA. of the Persians,
Page 181 and 182: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 177 Berrhaea or
Page 183 and 184: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 179 and trophies
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Page 187 and 188: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 183 tassel 1 His
Page 189 and 190: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 185 represents t
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Page 193 and 194: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 109 approaching
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Page 197 and 198: HISTORY OF PERSIA. 193 chief person
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Page 201 and 202: PUBLICATIONS OF THE Jorictg for f r
Page 203 and 204: FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE.
Page 206: University of California SOUTHERN R
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Persia from the Earliest Period to the Arab

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