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162 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Lord Ducie has brought plants of these to Tortworth, where he grows them under the name of Pyrus hybrida. REMARKABLE TREES This species appears to be now rarely planted, except in botanical gardens. The best specimen which we have seen occurs at Syon (var. scandicd). I n 1904 it measured 48 feet in height by 7 feet 10 inches in girth, with a bole of 7 feet, dividing into 8 large branches, and forming a wide-spreading crown of foliage, about 50 yards in circumference (Plate 50). Another fine tree is growing at Livermere Park, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, specimens and particulars of which have been kindly sent to us by Mr. Stiling. It is now (1905) 45 feet high by 8 feet 5 inches in girth, with a bole of 8 feet dividing into 12 main branches, the diameter of the spread of foliage being 45 feet. This tree was reported 1 in 1889 to have been 42 feet high by 8 feet 3 inches in girth. In August 1905 it was covered with fruit. (H. J. E.) There is a fine specimen at Stowe, near Buckingham, growing near the bridge over the lake in sandy soil, which measures about 45 feet high by 7 feet 9 in. in girth, with a 7 feet bole. It was loaded with fruit in August 1905. At Wykeham Abbey, the Yorkshire seat of Viscount Downe, there is a fine tree on the lawn, about 40 feet high, spreading from the ground, where it measures 10 feet 8 inches in girth, into a large and well-shaped head. This tree is planted in some of the parks and gardens in London, and grows well at the Botanic Gardens in Regent's Park. I am informed by Mr. A. Stratford, Superintendent of the Corporation Park of Blackburn, that it makes a good shade tree in that smoky town. 1 Garden, 1 889, xxxvi. 342. Note by J. C. Tallack, who named the tree Pyrus pinnatijida. Pyrus 163 PYRUS PINNATIFIDA, BASTARD MOUNTAIN ASH Pyrus pinnatifida, Ehrhart, " Plantag." 22, ex Beitrage zur Naturkunde, vi. 93 (1791); Louden, Arb. et Frut. Brit. i i. 915 (1838); N. E. Brown, in Eng. Bot. iii. cd. Suppl. 168 (1892); Card. Chron. xx. 493, fig. 78 (1883). Pyrus semipinnata, Roth, En. PI. Phan. in Germ. i. sect. post. 438 (1827). Pyrusfennica, Babington, Man. Eng. Bot. ed. 3, p. in (1851). Sorbus hybrida, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 684 (1762); Schiibeler, Viridarium norvegicum, ii. p. 476. Sorbus fennica, Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 4 2 (1846). A species of hybrid origin, occurring as a small tree, which may attain 50 feet in height, with smooth, grey bark. Leaves variable in shape, mostly pinnate or deeply cut at the base, with 1-4 pairs of segments more or less separate ; the upper part cut into deep sharp-toothed lobes; green and glabrous above, grey tomentose below. Flowers white in loose corymbs; styles 3, woolly at the base; fruit small, globular, coral red, and resembling that of Pyrus Auctiparia. VARIETIES This form, the parents of which are P. Auciiparia and P. intermedia, must be carefully distinguished (see p. 143) from Pyrus hybrida, Moench, a shrub of different origin. Pyrus Thuringiaca, Use,1 a cross between P. Auctiparia and P. Aria, is generally included under P. pinnatifida, from which it differs only in the leaf, whiter beneath, having its upper part lobulate or dentate and not deeply lobed. Sorbus arranensis, Hedlund, 2 is the name given to a form occurring in the Isle of Arran, which is intermediate between P. pinnatifida and P. intermedia, and closely resembles the latter, differing only in the deeper and more irregular lobing of the leaf. The hybrid forms, which are intermediate between P. pinnatifida and P. Aucuparia, are generally regarded as varieties (var. satureifolia^ and var. dectirretis 4) of the latter species, and will be mentioned in our account of the mountain ash. IDENTIFICATION Pyrus pinnatifida and the intermediate hybrids are variable and inconstant in the shape of the leaf. There is no difficulty, however, in their identification, if it be noted that hybridity may be suspected in all cases where the leaves vary on the one hand from the regularly pinnate separate leaflets of Pyrus Auctiparia, and on the other from the regular uniform lobing or serration of Pyrus intermedia or Pyrus 1 1-n.Jahresb. Bot. Carl. it. Mis. Berlin, i. 232 (1881). 2 In Kon. Sv. Veten. Akad. Hand!. 1 901-2, p. 60. 3 Koch, Dendrologie, \. 1 89 (1869). 4 Koehne, Deutsche Dendrologie, 248 (1893). This variety is commonly known as Pyrus lanugiiwsa, Hurt.
164 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Aria. I n winter, specimens of cultivated Sorbiis fennica show the following characters represented in Plate 45 : Twigs : long shoots glabrous, shining, dark brown, with a few scattered lenticels. Leaf-scar crescentic, very narrow, set obliquely on a reddish brown, slightly projecting cushion; it shows a varying number of bundle traces, 1 3, 4, or 5, and may thus be distinguished from other species of Sorb us, as Pyrus Aucuparia has 5 dots on the scar, while Pyrus Aria, intermedia, and latifolia have only 3. Terminal bud large, conic, tomentose, especially at the apex. Lateral buds small, either appressed to the stem or diverging from it at an acute angle. Bud-scales few, densely pubescent on the outer surface, and ciliate in margin. Short shoots ringed, pubescent, bearing a terminal bud. 2 DISTRIBUTION The fotmfennica occurs plentifully in Scandinavia, where it grows wild, repro ducing itself naturally by seed, and behaving as a true species. It extends in Norway, according to Schiibeler, up to lat. 66 14' on the west coast as a wild plant, and in Sweden up to 60 wild and 6 2" planted; it also occurs in Finland, but is not recorded from other parts of Russian territory. In Central Europe it only occurs sporadically, and apparently always in company with the parent species; it is recorded from various mountain stations in France, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The hybrids which occur in the Isle of Arran have attracted much attention and discussion. Formerly it was believed that Pyrus Aucuparia, Pyrus intermedia (var. scandica), and Pyrus fennica, all occurred in a wild state. Koehne, 3 however, con siders that (excepting Aucuparia) all the plants in question on the island are hybrids, there being two sets, one typical fennica, while the other set comprises forms between that and scandica. This view, which excludes one of the parents (viz. scandica), implies that these hybrids, once established, may under favourable conditions reproduce themselves naturally and behave generally as true species. N. E. Brown says of this species that it is " rare and perhaps not indigenous except in Scotland " ; but he has seen specimens from Kent, Sussex, Hants, Somerset, Gloucester, Leicester, Stafford, Cumberland, Roxburgh, Arran, and Dumbarton. He thinks that Arran seems to be the only truly native locality for this tree in the British Isles, and believes that the Arran plant placed under intermedia is a form of it. Watson, however, states in his Compendium, p . 510, that Borrer held it to be wild in North Hants between Farnham and Farnborough, where it was observed sparingly along with Aria and Auc^lparia, both more plentifully. A specimen picked by James M'Nab in Darenth Wood, Kent, is, according to Watson, identical with Arran specimens. There is a fine tree on the edge of a shrubbery close to Wilton House, Wilts, the seat of the Earl of Pembroke, about 50 feet by 5. 1 If the dots are not plainly visible externally, they can be seen clearly on paring off the epidermis of the scar. 2 The twigs in winter described above clearly show the hybrid origin of this species; the varying number of dots on the scar, the pubescence and shape of the scales, etc. show the influence of Pyrus Aucuparia. 3 Koehne, Jour, of Bol. 1 897, p. 99. See also Rev. Dr. Landsborough's account of the Arran hybrids in Trims. Bot. Soc. Edin. xxi. 56 (1897). 1 Pyrus There is a tree at Williamstrip Park, Fairford, the seat of Lord St. Aldwyn, which is in a decaying condition. It consists of a large stool measuring 8 feet at the ground, with four stems about a foot in diameter by about 60 feet high. There is also a tree at Arley Castle 50 feet high by 3 feet 5 inches in girth in 1905. One at Bayfordbury is 40 feet by 5 feet 2 inches, branching at 4 feet into four stems, with numerous ascending branches. At Aldenham Cottage, Letchmore Heath, Herts, is a fine tree 44 feet by 6 feet 2 inches, with a bole of 6 feet. At Danson Park, Welling, Kent, the residence of Mr. Bean, there is said to be a tree about 30 feet high, with a girth of 12 feet 4 inches at \\ feet above the ground, described to be like a large bush with seven main branches. (A. II.)
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»f rees Great Britain Ireland BY H
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Trees of Great Britain Ireland BY H
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PREFACE THE United Kingdom offers a
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CONTENTS PAGE DEDICATION ........ v
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The Trees of Great Britain and Irel
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The Trees of Great Britain and Irel
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8 The Trees of Great Britain and Ir
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12 The Trees of Great Britain and I
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lo The Trees of Great Britain and I
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2,4 The Trees of Great Britain and
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32, The Trees of Great Britain and
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SOPHORA Sophora, Linnaeus, Gen. PI.
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Page 113 and 114: a 7" KSrJi «£^«~ **». . "" ^ '"
Page 115 and 116: INARCHED BP;ECH AT ASIIRIDGE TLATE
Page 117 and 118: 13KECII WOOD AT SLINHON A ru 6.
Page 119 and 120: BEECH AT NEWBATTLE Pi .ATE 8.
Page 121 and 122: I BEECH AT GORDON CASTLE TLAI-K 10.
Page 123 and 124: KING BEECH AT KNOLE I'LAIE 12.
Page 125 and 126: AILANTHUS AT BELTON PLATE 14.
Page 127 and 128: SOI'HORA AT CAMBRIDGE PLATE 16.
Page 129 and 130: ARAUCARIA FOREST IN CM ILK I'l.MT.
Page 131 and 132: ARAUCARIAS AT BEAUFORT
Page 133 and 134: MAIDENHAIR T liEK AT FKOGMOKF. PLAT
Page 135 and 136: TULIP TREE IN NORTH CAROLINA 1'LATE
Page 137 and 138: TULIP TREE AT KILLERTON PLATE 26.
Page 139 and 140: PLATE SERVIAN SPRUCE IN BOSNIA 28.
Page 141 and 142: MENZIES' SPRUCE AT BEAUFORT PLATE 3
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YEW AVENUE AT MIDIIURST PLATE 32.
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i '*m i t /n b &; y'JM i /Jk, - •
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•• *-' YEW AT WHITTIKGHAME PLAT
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CRYPTOMERIA FOREST IN NORTH JAPAN 1
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CRYPTOMEKIAS AT IMAICHI I'l.ATE 40.
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CRYPTOMERIA AT HEMSTED PLATK 42.
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PYRUS. PLATE 44.
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SORB TREE AT ARLEV PLATE 46.
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SERVICE TREE AT RICKMANSWORTH >.mmm
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'^iji^m^^Jt^.^M. SERVICE TREE AT SY
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DECIDUOUS CYPRESS IN VIRGINIA PLATE
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DECIDUOUS CYPRESS AT SYON Tr.ATE 54
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GIANT THUYA IN VANCOUVER'S ISLAND P
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Plate 58 represents the trunk of wh
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j« WESTERN HEMLOCK GROWING ON FALL
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