symbols-a4

Table 325: Spacing Around/Within Log-like Symbols
L ATEX expression Output
$r \sin \theta$ r sin θ (best)
$r sin \theta$ rsinθ
$r \mbox{sin} \theta$ rsinθ
$r \mathrm{sin} \theta$ rsinθ
The difference between \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* involves the handling of subscripts.
With \DeclareMathOperator*, subscripts are written beneath log-like symbols in display style and
to the right in text style. This is useful for limit operators (e.g., \lim) and functions that tend to map over
a set (e.g., \min). In contrast, \DeclareMathOperator tells TEX that subscripts should always be displayed
to the right of the operator, as is common for functions that take a single parameter (e.g., \log and \cos).
Table 326 contrasts symbols declared with \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* in both text
style ($. . .$) and display style (\[. . .\]). 12
Table 326: Defining new log-like symbols
Declaration function $\newlogsym {p \in P}$ \[ \newlogsym {p \in P} \]
\DeclareMathOperator newlogsym p∈P newlogsym p∈P
\DeclareMathOperator* newlogsym p∈P newlogsym
p∈P
It is common to use a thin space (\,) between the words of a multiword operators, as in
“\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max}”. \liminf, \limsup, and all of the log-like symbols shown
in Table 129 utilize this spacing convention.
8.5 Bold mathematical symbols
L ATEX does not normally use bold symbols when typesetting mathematics. However, bold symbols are occasionally
needed, for example when naming vectors. Any of the approaches described at http://www.tex.ac.uk/
cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=boldgreek can be used to produce bold mathematical symbols. Table 327
contrasts the output produced by these various techniques. As the table illustrates, these techniques exhibit
variation in their formatting of Latin letters (upright vs. italic), formatting of Greek letters (bold vs. normal),
formatting of operators and relations (bold vs. normal), and spacing.
Table 327: Producing bold mathematical symbols
Package Code Output
none $\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D$ α + b = Γ ÷ D (no bold)
none $\mathbf{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ α + b = Γ ÷ D
none \boldmath$\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D$ α + b = Γ ÷ D
amsbsy $\pmb{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ α + b = Γ ÷ D (faked bold)
amsbsy $\boldsymbol{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ α + b = Γ ÷ D
bm $\bm{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ α + b = Γ ÷ D
fixmath $\mathbold{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ α + b = Γ ÷ D
12 Note that \displaystyle can be used to force display style within $. . .$ and \textstyle can be used to force text style
within \[. . .\].
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