Schriftenreihe .;technologiekompetenz Verkehr in

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EDITORIAL 6 Austrian Technological Expertise in Transport This publication constitutes the fourth volume in the series „Austrian Technological Expertise in Transport”, providing a comprehensive overview of R&D projects and research institutions in Austria. Volumes 1 and 2 covered the topics „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells” (published in December 2007) and „Transport Fuels” (published in May 2008). Volume 3 presents selected projects from the Technology Promotion Programme „Intelligent Transport Systems and Services” covering transport telematics, the railway system and rail and automotive propulsion technologies (published in August 2008). This booklet presents Austrian R&D results and institutions in the field of hybrid and electric vehicles, energy storage technologies and electronic control systems, ranging from national technology promotion programmes to EU and international projects with Austrian participants. The following review article provides a compact and balanced analysis of technological trends in the electric drivetrain and hybrid and battery technologies, before presenting the results of Austrian national and international projects. The review article is produced jointly by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT) and members of the Austrian Agency for Alternative Propulsion Systems (A3PS). The latter promotes the development and deployment of alternative propulsion systems and fuels, supporting Austrian research institutions in their technological development projects and acting as a platform for national and international activities. Within A3PS, the BMVIT cooperates with industrial and research partners in order to offer a broad portfolio of additional support activities for Austrian research institutions. Pursuing the principles of modern technology policy, the BMVIT is convinced that public authorities can facilitate the development of new technologies far beyond financial contributions by analysing technological trends, developing interdisciplinary R&D co-operations and demonstration projects, creating efficient framework conditions, promoting innovation, and through international networking and marketing for Austrian technological expertise and for the engineering and product know-how of A3PS members, as well as by representing their interests in EU or IEA committees. Fostering innovation for efficient and sustainable transport systems, the „Mobility and Transport Technologies” unit at the BMVIT has been supporting research, development and demonstration projects for many years. The Technology Promotion Programme A3 (Austrian Advanced Automotive Technology) was launched in 2002, with the aim of securing the competitiveness of the Austrian supply industry and of solving urgent environmental problems through clean and innovative vehicle technologies.
A3 concentrates on highly innovative research projects with increased development risk, which receive higher levels of funding than is usually provided by technology promotion programmes. The goal is to achieve real technology breakthroughs and not incremental improvements to existing technologies. Grants are awarded according to the competitive principle, through calls for proposals. A3 covers the entire innovation cycle and offers funding from basic research to demonstration projects. Furthermore, projects are funded which adapt education and training to the new requirements and create an adequate supply of well-qualified human resources. Another pillar of the programme supports international networking, mobility and co-operation between researchers. A3 strives for synergies from interdisciplinary co-operation between industry, universities, research centres and between suppliers and users of technologies in joint R&D projects. Four A3 calls for proposals for projects developing alternative propulsion systems and vehicle electronics, materials research and production technologies were carried out between 2002 and 2006. The focus was on road vehicle technologies, but opportunities for alternative propulsion systems in rail and waterborne vehicles were investigated as well. From the 152 proposals submitted, 77 projects were adopted and realised following evaluation, with a funding budget of EUR 20.2 million (out of a total budget of about EUR 40 million). Lighthouse projects are another instrument of the BMVIT to support the market introduction of new vehicle technologies. Complementary to the A3 calls, the BMVIT uses lighthouse projects to support large pilot and demonstration projects, bringing together the providers and users of technologies as well as all other relevant stakeholders in a single project, proving the successful operation of new technologies, moving to optimise them under real-life conditions and to prepare the public for new vehicle technologies. The single focus of lighthouse projects is the market introduction of alternative propulsion systems and fuels. In two calls for lighthouse projects 25 proposals were submitted in 2005 and 2006. EDITORIAL In a two-stage evaluation process, 8 projects were selected. The total budget was EUR 7.4 million, with a funding budget of EUR 3.3 million. The A3 technology programme expired in December 2006. The BMVIT has therefore developed the follow-up programme A3plus, covering all modes of transport, with the following research areas: > Alternative drive systems and their components > Alternative fuels > Innovative energy storage concepts > Development and promotion of necessary supply infrastructures for refuelling and the use of alternative drive systems > Concepts for embedding alternative drives in the total vehicle design In the first A3plus call for proposals, with a funding volume of EUR 7 million, 17 R&D projects and 3 lighthouse projects were selected for funding in 2007, among them 8 on hybrid and electric vehicles. The BMVIT complements these national activities with intensive international co-operation through partnerships with the European Union, its member states, industry and research institutions in the 7th R&D Framework Programme, the FCH JTI (Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Technological Initiative), the EU Technology Platforms ERTRAC, FCH and BIOFUELS, and the International Energy Agency (IEA). The IEA Implementing Agreement „Hybrid & Electric Vehicles” is of special relevance for this booklet on hybrid and electric vehicles, energy storage technologies and electronic control systems. The strategic importance of this international R&D co-operation is based on its worldwide participation with the member states Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States, necessary in facing up to global challenges like climate change and achieving a sustainable energy and transport system. Evelinde Grassegger Andreas Dorda Unit for Mobility and Transport Technologies 7
Page 1 and 2: VOLUME 4 Austrian Technological Exp
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .........
Page 5: PREFACE Hybrid and electric vehicle
Page 9 and 10: REVIEW ARTICLE ON HYBRID AND ELECTR
Page 11 and 12: To address this dilemma, in 2007 th
Page 13 and 14: Electric vehicles offer, apart from
Page 15 and 16: Full HEVs (parallel hybrids) provid
Page 17 and 18: Research topic Energy storage Elect
Page 19 and 20: CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGY The gre
Page 21 and 22: AUTOMOBILE PLATFORM EVs currently a
Page 23 and 24: on the circumstances in which the e
Page 25 and 26: LITHIUM-ION BATTERY (LI-ION) The Li
Page 27 and 28: SYSTEM LEVEL At system level, resea
Page 29 and 30: While in Mild HEVs the cost per kW
Page 31 and 32: ELECTRIC MACHINES The speed and tor
Page 33 and 34: CONTROL In the first instance, the
Page 35 and 36: Hybrid powertrains also enable exte
Page 37 and 38: VEHICLE ENGINEERING FOR HYBRID AND
Page 39 and 40: The substitution of fossil fuels by
Page 41 and 42: A3-PROJECTS Fig.: G. Brasseur 41
Page 43 and 44: A3-PROJECTS A3 | A3 - Austrian Adva
Page 55 and 56: A3plus-PROJECTS The success of the
Page 57 and 58:
A3plus-PROJECTS HYBRID WHEEL LOADER
Page 59 and 60:
EU-PROJECTS The European Union supp
Page 61 and 62:
EU-PROJECTS HYSYS Fuel Cell Hybrid
Page 63 and 64:
CONTACTS AND INFORMATION OVERALL RE
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