speciation <strong>and</strong>, 83–87 uniformitarianism <strong>and</strong>, 283–84 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s interest in, 50 George, Henry, 274 George, Lloyd, 295–96 George, Wilma, 24 Gérard, Frédéric, 54 Gesner, Conrad, 94 gestalt model <strong>of</strong> historiography, 106–7 Ghiselin, Michael, 255 Ghiselli, Edwin, 318 Gillespie, Charles, 106 Gilolo Isl<strong>and</strong>, 112 giraffes, 117 glacial epochs, 291 Gladstone, William Ewart, 216, 273–74, 291 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 285 Gould, Stephen Jay on comparative method, 320 number <strong>of</strong> publications, 155 Sagan compared to, 11–12 on species as a mental construct, 90 on testability, 316 on <strong>Wallace</strong>’s natural selection theory, 163 “Government Aid to <strong>Science</strong>” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 245 gradualism. See punctualism-gradualism theme gravitation, 318 Gray, Asa Darwin’s correspondence to, 89, 137, 205 on divergence, 135–36 on divine influence, 233 priority debate <strong>and</strong>, 119–21, 140, 144, 149 Gray, Edward, 296 “great chain <strong>of</strong> being” argument, 229–30 A Great Hertfordian (Kinman), 38 Greece, 91–96 Greenell, John, 34 Greenell, Mary Anne, 34, 35 group selection, 220 growth model <strong>of</strong> historiography, 106 Guilford, J., 24 gullibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 256, 267 Guns, Germs, <strong>and</strong> Steel (Diamond), 320–21 habits <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 254 Haeckel, Ernst, 28 Haldane, J. B. S., 90 <strong>In</strong>dex / 409 Hall, Rupert, 106 Hall, Spencer, 64 Hampden, John, 258–63 “Harmony <strong>of</strong> Spiritualism <strong>and</strong> <strong>Science</strong>” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 174 Harrison, J. Park, 192 “Have We Lived on Earth Before? Shall We Live on Earth Again?” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 200 health <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 253. See also disease Helen (ship), 72–74 Helms, D. B., 29 Henry <strong>of</strong> Langenstein, 94–96 Henslow, George, 233 Henslow, John, 56 Henson, Scott, 14 Heraclitus, 92 herbals, 94 Herbarius, 95 Hereditary Genius (Galton), 168 heretical personality, 257–58, 268–70 Herne, Frank, 198 <strong>The</strong> Hero in History (Hook), 5 Herschel, John, 28, 52, 203–5, 297 Hertford, Engl<strong>and</strong>, 36 Hertford Grammar School, 37, 37–38 Hertzka, <strong>The</strong>odor, 247, 249 Hicks, E. T., 178 higher intelligence, 309–10. See also religion <strong>and</strong> religious beliefs Historia animalium (Aristotle), 93 Historia Naturelle (Buffon), 102–3 Historia Plantarum (Ray), 91, 97 Historical Matrix Model (HMM) described, 6–10, 8 development <strong>of</strong>, 311–12 forces influencing <strong>Wallace</strong>, 226 as heuristic device, 9–10 variables used in, 299 historical sciences. See also Historical Matrix Model (HMM) change, 300–302 contingent nature <strong>of</strong>, 308 event-making man, 5 historians, 175 historical trends, 226 historiography, 106–7, 299 history <strong>of</strong> science, 280–87 hypothetico-deductive method <strong>and</strong>, 324– 25 natural history, 16, 17, 38 paleontology, 50, 322–24 scientific inquiry <strong>and</strong>, 321, 327
Historie Naturelle (Buffon), 91, 105 <strong>The</strong> Historie <strong>of</strong> Four-Footed Beastes (Topsell), 94, 95 A History <strong>of</strong> European Thought in the Nineteenth Century (Merz), 202 History <strong>of</strong> the Conquest <strong>of</strong> Mexico <strong>and</strong> Peru (Prescott), 53 History <strong>of</strong> the <strong>In</strong>ductive <strong>Science</strong>s (Whewell), 203–4 Hitching, Francis, 145 Hitler, Adolf, 313 H.M.S. Beagle, 56 H.M.S. Erebus, 56 H.M.S. Mischief, 60 H.M.S. Rattlesnake, 56 H.M.S. Terror, 56 hobbies <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 253–54 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 274 Holocaust deniers, 319 home <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 253–54, 272 homology, 93, 105, 106, 284–85 honesty <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 257, 272 honorary degrees, 267–68, 279–80 Hook, Sidney, 5 Hooker, Joseph in Antarctica, 56 assistance with employment, 273 birth order, 28 Darwin’s correspondence to, 137 honored at Westminster Abbey, 297 Lyell <strong>and</strong>, 234 portrait, 131 priority debate <strong>and</strong>, 119–21, 129–34, 140, 143–44, 150 on spiritualism, 274 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s correspondence to, 137–39, 138, 214 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s relationship with, 121, 273 on <strong>Wallace</strong>’s writings, 75 Horner, Jack, 322–24 Horsfield, Thomas, 59 Houdini, Harry, 187–88 “How to Civilize Savages” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 221 human evolution theory. See also evolution theory comparative method, 320 human mind <strong>and</strong>, 160–62, 208 monogenism vs. polygenism, 218–21 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s break with Darwin, 158 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s contribution to, 298 “Human Progress, Past <strong>and</strong> Future” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 244 “Human Selection” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 244 410 / <strong>In</strong>dex Humboldt, Alex<strong>and</strong>er von, 53, 57, 68, 83 Hume, David, 181, 229 Hutton, James, 283 Huxley, Leonard, 129, 161 Huxley, Thomas Henry ‘agnosticism’ coined by, 44 birth order, 28, 31 on consciousness, 170–71 personality pr<strong>of</strong>ile, 26 press accounts <strong>of</strong>, 14 on scientific inquiry, 206 South Pacific expeditions, 56 on spiritualism, 179, 184, 198 “<strong>The</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong> Line” named by, 122 <strong>Wallace</strong> on, 79 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s relationship with, 121, 273 hybridization, 13, 102, 104 hyper-selectionism failures <strong>of</strong>, 299 Galton on, 216–17 influence on <strong>Wallace</strong>, 7, 9 monogenism/polygenism <strong>and</strong>, 219 spiritualism <strong>and</strong>, 163–64, 180, 201 <strong>Wallace</strong>’s development <strong>of</strong>, 209–18 hypothesis construction. See theory <strong>and</strong> theory construction hypothetico-deductive method, 207–8, 225– 26, 324–25 Ibis, 15 idealism <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 245–49 “If A Man Die, Shall He Live Again” (<strong>Wallace</strong>), 275 illness, 112, 136–37. See also disease illustrations by <strong>Wallace</strong>, 69–71, 75, 111 imperialism, 222, 230, 236 incipient stages, 212 <strong>In</strong>dia Museum, 59 indigenous cultures, 221, 234–36, 244 individualism <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 7, 50, 223–24 <strong>In</strong>donesian Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Science</strong>, 14 induction, 203–9, 225 industrialization, 43 innovation, 27 insects, 117 intellectual history, 202–3 intellectualism <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wallace</strong>, 167 intellectual property, 139 intellectual receptivity, 27, 77–78 intelligence, 168–70, 219. See also brain (human) intelligent design theory, 208 interaction effects, 7, 8, 300–302 interbreeding, 68–69
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IN DARWIN’S SHADOW
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IN DARWIN’S SHADOW THE LIFE AND S
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To Kimberly With unencumbered love
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CONTENTS List of Illustrations ix P
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ILLUSTRATIONS P-1. The Historical M
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Illustrations /xi 10-1. Wallace cha
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PREFACE GENESIS AND REVELATION The
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Genesis and Revelation /xv chael Gh
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Genesis and Revelation / xvii would
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Genesis and Revelation / xix Wallac
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IN DARWIN’S SHADOW
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PROLOGUE The Psychology of Biograph
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The Psychology of Biography /5 cial
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The Psychology of Biography /7 over
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The Psychology of Biography /9 whic
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The Psychology of Biography /11 Qua
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The Psychology of Biography /13 his
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The Psychology of Biography /15 wit
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7% 29% BIOGEOGRAPHY and NATURAL HIS
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The Psychology of Biography /19 pre
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The Psychology of Biography /21 Con
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The Psychology of Biography /23 in
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The Psychology of Biography /31 him
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1 Uncertain Beginnings The year 188
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Figure 1-1 The birthplace of Alfred
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Uncertain Beginnings /37 pebbles in
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Uncertain Beginnings /39 that never
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Uncertain Beginnings /41 ologic, we
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Uncertain Beginnings /43 The Victor
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Uncertain Beginnings /45 tems, and
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Uncertain Beginnings /47 dance. 42
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Uncertain Beginnings /49 their fail
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Uncertain Beginnings /51 consider t
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Uncertain Beginnings /53 took a job
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Uncertain Beginnings /55 evolutioni
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The Evolution of a Naturalist /57 W
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The Evolution of a Naturalist /67 l
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Figure 2-4 This series of hand sket
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Figure 2-4 (Continued) The fish of
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The Evolution of a Naturalist /73 i
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The Evolution of a Naturalist /75 q
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3 Breaching the Walls of the Specie
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Figure 3-5 Solving the problem of t
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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Breaching the Walls of the Species
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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Figure 4-2 Wallace’s map of the A
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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Sumatra Malaysia The Mystery of Mys
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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The Mystery of Mysteries Solved / 1
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A Gentlemanly Arrangement / 129 A D
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Figure 5-2 Joseph Hooker and Charle
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A Gentlemanly Arrangement / 133 pos
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A Gentlemanly Arrangement / 135 Sol
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A Gentlemanly Arrangement / 137 let
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A Gentlemanly Arrangement / 139 by
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A Gentlemanly Arrangement / 141 on
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6 Scientific Heresy and Ideological
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7 AScientist Among the Spiritualist
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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Figure 7-4 Slate writing as a condu
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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A Scientist Among the Spiritualists
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Heretical Thoughts / 203 derstandin
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Heretical Thoughts / 207 Of course,
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Heretical Thoughts / 221 with a fla
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Heretical Thoughts / 223 environmen
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9 Heretical Culture A knotty proble
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Heretical Culture / 227 structures
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Heretical Culture / 229 things cann
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Heretical Culture / 231 indefinite
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Heretical Culture / 233 On the Side
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Heretical Culture / 235 nals, inclu
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Heretical Culture / 237 society. Th
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Heretical Culture / 239 the family
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Heretical Culture / 241 Figure 9-4
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Heretical Culture / 243 While his e
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Heretical Culture / 245 selection
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Heretical Culture / 247 churches, w
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Heretic Personality / 251 self-made
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Heretic Personality / 255 Such quai
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Heretic Personality / 257 by the co
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12 The Life of Wallace and the Natu
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Natural History Museum in London, N
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49. Ibid., 78, 227. 50. Ibid., 87-8
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67. Richards, 1987, 560-74. 68. Ibi
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19. In Marchant, 1916, 197. 20. Ibi
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adaptationism to adaptationism, Mal
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11. LS. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibi
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344 / Appendix I tively, have caref
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346 / Appendix I 1835-May 1869. The
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348 / Appendix I The Wonderful Cent
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350 / Appendix I These have all bee
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352 / Appendix II n.d.: no date n.p
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354 / Appendix II 9. On the Monkeys
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356 / Appendix II 47. Correction of
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