Postma et al., submitted to Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta on <strong>the</strong> floodpla<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> ponds and channels and at sites where <strong>in</strong>filtration <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> aquifer is high it will <strong>in</strong>troduce <strong>arsenic</strong> <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> groundwater. Acknowledgements This work has been supported by DANIDA as part of a research capacity build<strong>in</strong>g project "Water Resources Research <strong>in</strong> <strong>Vietnam</strong>". REFERENCES Ahmed, M.F., Ahuja, S., Alaudd<strong>in</strong>, M., Hug, S.J., Lloyd, J.R., Pfaff, A., Pichler, T., Saltikov, C.,Stute, M., van Geen, A., 2006. Epidemiology – ensur<strong>in</strong>g safe dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Science 314, 1687–1688. Akai, J., Izumi, K., Fukuhara, H., Masuda, H., Nakano, S., Yoshimura,T., et al., 2004. M<strong>in</strong>eralogical and geomicrobiological <strong>in</strong>vestigations on groundwater <strong>arsenic</strong> enrichment <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Appl. Geochem. 19, 215–230. Alexandratos V.G., Elz<strong>in</strong>ga E.J. and Reeder R.J. (2007) Arsenate uptake by calcite: Macroscopic and spectroscopic characterization of adsorption and <strong>in</strong>corporation mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71, 4172-4187. Anawar, H.M., Akai, J., Yoshioka, T., Konohira, E., Lee, J.Y. Fukuhara, H., Tari Kul Alam, M., Garcia-Sanchez, A. 2006. Mobilization of <strong>arsenic</strong> <strong>in</strong> groundwater of Bangladesh: evidence from an <strong>in</strong>cubation study. Environ. Geochem. Health 28, 553-565. Appelo, C.A.J., Postma, D., 2005. Geochemistry <strong>Groundwater</strong> and Pollution, 2nd ed. Balkema Publ. 649 pp. 27
Postma et al., submitted to Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta Berg, M., Stengel, C., Trang, P.T.K., Viet, P.H., Sampson, M.L., Leng, M., Samreth, S., Fredericks, D., 2007. Magnitude of <strong>arsenic</strong> pollution <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mekong and <strong>Red</strong> <strong>River</strong> Deltas — Cambodia and <strong>Vietnam</strong>. Sci. Total Environ. 372, 413–425. Cl<strong>in</strong>e, J.D., 1967. Spectrophotometric determ<strong>in</strong>ation of hydrogen sulfide <strong>in</strong> natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14, 454–458. Dixit S. and Her<strong>in</strong>g J.G. (2003) Comparison of <strong>arsenic</strong>(V) and <strong>arsenic</strong>(III) sorption onto iron oxide m<strong>in</strong>erals: Implications for <strong>arsenic</strong> mobility. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 4182-4189. Dowl<strong>in</strong>g, C.B., Poreda, R.J., Basu, A.R., Peters, S.L., Aggarwal, P.K., 2002. Geochemical study of <strong>arsenic</strong> release mechanisms <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bengal Bas<strong>in</strong> groundwater. Water Resour. Res. 38, 1173–1190. Gault, A.G., Islam, F.S., Polya, D.A., Charnock, J.M., Boothman, C., Chatterjee, D., Lloyd, J.R., 2005. Microcosm depth profiles of <strong>arsenic</strong> release <strong>in</strong> a shallow aquifer, West Bengal. M<strong>in</strong>eral. Mag. 69, 855–863. Goldberg S. and Glaubig R.A. (1988) Anion sorption on a calcareous, montmorillonitic soil–<strong>arsenic</strong>. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52, 1297-1300. Harvey C.F., Swartz C.H., Badruzzaman A.B.M., Keon-Blute N., Yu W., Ali A., Jay J., Beckie R., Niedan V., Brabander D., Oates P.M., Ashfaque K.N., Islam S., Hemond H.F., Ahmed M.F., 2002. Arsenic mobility and groundwater extraction <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Science 298, 1602–1606. Heimann, A.C., Blodau, C., Postma, D., Larsen, F., Pham, H.V., Pham, Q.N, Jessen, S.,.Mai, T.D., Nguyen, T.M.H., Jakobsen, R., 2007: Hydrogen thresholds and steady state concentrations associated with microbial arsenate respiration. Env. Sci. Technol. 41, 2311-2317 . 28
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Groundwater arsenic in the Red Rive
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Søren Jessen Groundwater arsenic i
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organic matter may prevent As mobil
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Resumé Naturligt frigivet arsen (A
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efterfølgende forsøgt at opstille
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Preface This PhD thesis deals with
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Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION: T
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The PhD research presented in this
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educed form as As(III), which is al
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A more complex and intimate relatio
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sedimentary As content (Postma et a
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(Anawar and Mihaljevi, 2009), and g
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3 Regional As distribution in the R
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in large part by changes in the eus
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In the Red River delta, the Pleisto
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the Red River delta, which are not
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5 The mitigation potential of bank
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Noteworthy is, that the ratio of Fe
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trend in the distribution of the RF
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2008) or the Hach or Merck test kit
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Badloe C., Nguyen T. P. T. and Nguy
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Driehaus W., Seith R. and Jekel M.
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Islam F. S., Boothman C., Gault A.
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Mondal D. and Polya D. A. (2008) Ri
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A. Ali and Z. Adeel). ITN Centre, B
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Ahmed K. M. (2006) A transect of gr
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Arsenic in groundwater of the Red R
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In short, there is a consensus amon
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The local geology shows mainly sand
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ane concentration and P CO2 values
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Fig. 7. The distribution of arsenic
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H3AsO3 þ H2O $ H2AsO4 þ 3H þ þ
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Fig. 12. The relative composition o
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of the Fe-oxides in the upper 3 m c
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found that while As(V) coprecipitat
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desh: further evidence of decouplin
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Controlling geological and hydrogeo
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Here the results of the geological
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sediments. In general, the coarser
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Fig. 5. Thickness of the clay-rich
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a b c The groundwater head distribu
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Table 1
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Fig. 1
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Fig. 3
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Fig. 5
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Fig. 7
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Fig. 9
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Fig. 11