Turf for Golf Courses - Msu

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PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 227 artd he replied, "Now you have definite fixed ideas as to what seed, fertilizers, and the like caused certain results, but each year your opinion will become less certain on account of the great num- ber of factors which enter into the results." He was right, and it is truly difficult to give definite answers to many of the questions which bother those who are trying to grow turf. As one green- keeper puts it, it is easy to grow grass but very difficult to get turf. Two months after opening our course, we were forced, on account of the increased interest in golf, to buy 125 acres more for another eighteen-hole course, which we started to build in March, 1912, and seeded in May. We were unfortunate in having a drought that summer, which burned out the fairways and by the end of August it looked as if we would have to reseed them all. Luckily, plenty of rain in September brought them back and they were in fair condition by May, 1913, when the course was opened. Natu- rally, this experience makes us prefer autumn seeding, and further experience has shown that in this section of the country it is the safer time. It may simplify this account if the experience is placed under headings.
228 TURF FOR GOLF COURSES Soil. Ours is a clay loam, which would be called in this section a good farming soil. It is a fair lawn soil. Our fairways have grown well and have withstood drought with little damage. Our error in building the greens was a failure to open up the soil suffi- ciently and take care of the drainage. When we built them, they were all raised above the surround- ing ground level so as to get good surface drainage and freedom from wash. We also forked in about eight tons of manure to a green and added about five tons of sand (not nearly enough) with a layer of leaf-mold, sand, and soil mixed in about equal proportions for the seed-bed. As was stated before, the results were good the first year, and it was not until the end of the second year that we noticed much deterioration in certain of the low-lying greens. In the fall of 1913, two years after seeding, the grass started to die in these greens and although we nursed them carefully, having noticed early in the summer that they were weak, all our efforts with fertilizer, water, and care were of no avail. Opinions differed as to the cause and treatment. Finally, we determined that as we could obtain a quantity of good turf from our old course, we
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TURF FOR GOLF COURSES
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FOR GOLF TURF BY CHARLES V. PIPER A
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PREFACE THE remarkable development
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGES I. GENERAL V
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CONTENTS IX CHAPTaR PAGBS XIII. TUR
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xii ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT lIGllD: 1
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xiv ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT I'IGUIlE
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xvi PLATE PLATES PACING PAGE VII. T
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THE following pages contain adverti
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The Mystery of Golf By ARNOLD HAULT
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Handbook of Athletic Games By JESSI
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TURF FOR GOLF COURSES CHAPTER I GEN
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GENERAL VIEW in midsummer, but it a
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GENERAL VIEW 5 It is a very difficu
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GENERAL VIEW 7 Other northern turf
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GENERAL VIEW 9 grass in the North w
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES I I Most gol
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 13 forming m
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 15 are organ
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 17 of good s
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 19 peat. A s
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 2 I most sat
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 23 classifie
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 2S condition
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SOILS FOR TURF GRASSES 27 While goo
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FERTILIZERS barnyard manure is an e
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FERTILIZERS 3 1 bone before grindin
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FERTILIZERS 33 worked into the turf
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FERTILIZERS 35 13 per cent of nitro
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FERTILIZERS 37 result of the format
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FERTILIZERS 39 The good commercial
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FERTILIZERS prevail in the minds of
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MANURES AND COMPOSTS 43 on putting-
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MANURES AND COMPOSTS 45 ment from t
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MANURES AND COMPOSTS 47 vegetable m
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MANURES AND COMPOSTS 49 occurs natu
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MANURES AND COMPOSTS 51 quality, bu
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CHAPTER V LIME AND ITs USE THE grea
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LIME AND ITS USE 55 three are the m
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CHAPTER VI THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANT
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 59 Blue-g
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 61 southe
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 63 stripp
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 65 but as
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 67 northe
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 69 Redtop
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 71 Bent a
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 73 bright
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 75 cular
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 77 FIG. 7
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS - 79 New
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 81 grass
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 83 BERMUD
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 85 with t
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 87 In pro
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 89 able f
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 91 course
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 97 dent.
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 99 terial
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THE IMPORTANT TURF PLANTS 101 this
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CHAPfER VII How TO DISTINGUISH DIFF
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HOW TO DISTINGUISH KINDS OF TURF 10
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HOW TO DISTINGUISH KINDS OF TURF lo
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HOW TO DISTINGUISH KINDS OF TURF II
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TURF GRASSES FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES
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CHAPTER IX THE MAKING OF THE TURF A
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 135 is done
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 137 fairway
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 139 putting-
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 141 have a t
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 143 year wil
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 145 large kn
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 147 The need
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF 149 Redtop s
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THE MAKING OF THE TURF ISI price, a
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Blue-grass IS rarely used on THE MA
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SUBSEQUENT CARE 155 both soil and c
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SUBSEQUENT CARE 157 Two, or possibl
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SUBSEQUENT CARE [59 no manure or ot
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SUBSEQUENT CARE 161 lar belief that
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SUBSEQUENT CARE IS helpful. Heavy w
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SUBSEQUENT CARE Reseeding in the sp
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SUBSEQUENT CARE not recognized unti
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CHAPTER XI WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL
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WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL 171 Common
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WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL 173 spontan
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WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL 175 acid. S
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WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL 177 by this
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Page 226 and 227: WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL 183 (Plate
Page 228 and 229: CHAPTER XII ANIMAL PESTS INSECTS an
Page 230 and 231: ANIMAL PESTS not properly treated,
Page 232 and 233: ANIMAL PESTS anything of this sort,
Page 234 and 235: ANIMAL PESTS 191 to be treated. The
Page 236 and 237: ANIMAL PESTS 193 Earthworms prefer
Page 238 and 239: ANIMAL PESTS 195 Liquids, when spra
Page 240 and 241: ANIMAL PESTS blesome in soil that h
Page 242 and 243: ANIMAL PESTS 199 CRAWFISH On poorly
Page 244 and 245: TURF MACHINERY 201 In the illustrat
Page 246 and 247: TURF MACHINERY 203 A preliminary li
Page 248 and 249: TURF MACHINERY 205 easily, cut the
Page 250 and 251: EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON GOLF COURSES 2
Page 267 and 268: CHAPTER XV PERSONAL EXPERIENCES AMO
Page 270 and 271: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 225 night abso
Page 274 and 275: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 229 would dig
Page 276 and 277: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 23 I construct
Page 278 and 279: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 233 at all in
Page 280 and 281: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 235 inch deep,
Page 282 and 283: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 237 an interes
Page 284 and 285: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 239 in a very
Page 286 and 287: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 241 slightly c
Page 288 and 289: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 243 greens, th
Page 290 and 291: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 245 putting-gr
Page 292 and 293: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 247 ing. Carel
Page 295 and 296: 250 TURF FOR GOLF COURSES While the
Page 297 and 298: 25 2 TURF FOR GOLF COURSES Chewings
Page 299 and 300: 254 TURF FOR GOLF COURSES in, distr
Page 301 and 302: 256 TURF FOR GOLF COURSES thing els
Page 303 and 304: Columbia Country Club, 243~2{8. ant
Page 305 and 306: 260 INDEX Loam, 17. silt, 10. Loliu
Page 307: 262 INDEX Soda, nitrate of, 35-37,
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