Ken Schultz's Field Guide to Saltwater Fish - Macaw Pets store

INSHORE
The waters from the shallower part of
the continental shelf toward shore. In
saltwater fishing parlance, inshore is a
loose and variable term referring to that
portion of the water from which land is
visible or is nearly visible, usually on the
shoreward side of major currents or
shelves, and is populated by nonpelagic
species. This term is seldom used by
freshwater lake anglers.
INTERTIDAL ZONE
The shallow area along shore and in an
estuary between high- and low-water
marks that is exposed at low tide and
covered at high tide; also known as the
littoral zone.
KRILL
Small pelagic shrimplike crustaceans
with bristled tails. Krill range from about
1 ⁄2 inch to 3 inches long. Most are transparent,
and many have light-producing
organs. They migrate vertically and are
plentiful enough to be a major food
source for seabirds, fish, and whales.
LACUSTRINE
Having to do with, or living in, a lake.
LANDLOCKED
A term for anadromous fish that have
adapted to a completely freshwater existence,
spending the greater portion of
their lives in a lake and returning to natal
rivers or streams to spawn. Any fish—
usually salmon but also striped bass—
with such behavior and without access
to saltwater is landlocked.
LARVAE
The early life forms of a fish or other animal
between the time of hatching and
transforming to a juvenile.
LATERAL LINE
A series of sensory cells, usually running
the length of both sides of the fish’s body,
that performs an important function in
receiving low-frequency vibrations.
LITTORAL
Living in or related to nearshore waters;
the intertidal zone of the marine envi-
ronment that is exposed at low tide and
covered at high tide.
LUNATE
Used to describe a caudal fin that is
shaped like a crescent moon.
MARINE
Pertaining to the sea and saltwater environs,
from the open oceans to the highwater
mark and into estuaries; also used
to refer to seawater or saltwater.
MIDWATER
In or near the middle layer of water. This
term is generally used by biologists to
describe the habitat of fish that are not
surface or bottom (benthic or demersal),
dwellers.
MIGRATION
A regular journey made by a particular
species of fish, on an annual or a lifetime
basis, usually associated with propagation
patterns but also associated with the
seasonal availability of food. Most migrations
are mass movements and involve
travel over a particular route, usually at
the same time annually. Migration is not
to be confused with the relocation of fish
because of pollution, sedimentation,
storms, or the temporary relocation of
food sources. Anglers, for example, often
refer to fish as making migrations from
deep water to shallow water to feed, an
action that is really a localized movement.
The periodic movement of fish in
a water body is not necessarily a migration,
although the movement of a fish
species to and from breeding grounds
(such as walleye in the spring moving
from a spawning river back to the main
lake) is a migration.
Migrations occur in various species
and in both freshwater and saltwater. All
freshwater fish that move from lake or
river environs to a tributary in order to
spawn will migrate to and from the
spawning grounds at or around the same
time each year. All anadromous and
catadromous fish undertake spawning
migrations, the former from saltwater to
freshwater and the latter from freshwater
to saltwater, also around the same time
Glossary 271