Facing the Heat Barrier - NASA's History Office

Facing the Heat Barrier: A History of Hypersonics
35 “History of the Arnold Engineering Development Center,” 1 August 1944 to 1 January 1951;
Von Karman and Edson, Wind, pp. 298-300.
36 “History of the Arnold Engineering Development Center,” 1 January to 1 June 1953.
37 NASA RP-1132, pp. 199-199A.
38 Gunston, Fighters, pp. 193-94; Air Enthusiast, July-September 1978, pp. 206-07.
39 “History of the Arnold Engineering Development Center,” 1 July to 1 December 1957; “Standard
Missile Characteristics: XSM-64 Navaho,” p. 3.
40 “History of the Arnold Engineering Development Center,” 1 July to 1 December 1955; 1 July
to 1 December 1959.
41 DTIC AD-299774, pp. 1-2.
42 DTIC AD-098980; Quarterly Review: Summer 1959, p. 81; Fall 1959, p. 57.
43 NASA SP-4303, p. 76.
44 Glenn Curtiss, rather than the Wrights, was the first to use ailerons. But in subsequent litigation,
the Wrights established that his innovation in fact was covered under their patent, which
had been issued in 1906. See Heppenheimer, First Flight, ch. 9.
45 Letters, Dryden to Putt, 4 May 1954; Putt to Dryden, 26 May 1954.
46 Hallion, Hypersonic, pp. 2-5 (includes quotes).
47 Ibid., p. xxiii Extended quote, pp. xxvi, xxix.
48 Ibid., pp. 2-3; Martin, “History,” pp. 5-6; “Agenda: Meeting to Consider Need for New Research
Aircraft,” 9 July 1954.
49 Minutes of Meeting, Committee on Aerodynamics, 4-5 October 1954. Extended quote: Appendix
I, p. 2.
50 Ibid., pp. 15-18 (extended quote, pp. 17-18); Martin, “History,” p. 10.
51 Martin, “History,” pp. 13-14; Memorandum of Understanding, 23 December 1954 (quote,
paragraph H).
52 NACA copy of signed Memorandum of Understanding with handwritten notes by Clotaire
Wood; memo, Gardner to Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air, 11 November 1954.
53 Gunston, Fighters, pp. 191-94; “Evaluation Report,” pp. 82, 96, 99, 104-05.
54 Hallion, Hypersonic, p. 384 (includes quote).
55 NASA SP-2004-4236, footnote, pp. 66-67.
56 “Evaluation Report,” pp. 23, 26, 99-100, 103; quote, p. 28.
57 Hallion, “American,” p. 298; “Evaluation Report,” pp. 44, 49, 50, 100-01 (quote, p. 49).
58 “Thirty Years” (Rocketdyne); Gibson, Navaho, pp. 36, 40-41.
59 “Evaluation Report,” p. 65; memo from Becker, 13 June 1955.
60 NASA SP-2004-4236, p. 72 (includes quotes; see also footnotes).
61 “Evaluation Report,” pp. 5, 6, 98.
62 Hallion, Hypersonic, p. 13.
63 “Research-Airplane-Committee Report,” 1958, pp. 243-73.
64 Ibid., p. 264.
65 Ibid., pp. 151-58; Miller, X-Planes, p. 200. 3,500ºF: Hallion, Hypersonic, p. 158; quote: Time,
88
27 October 1961, p. 89.
66 NASA SP-4303, p. 76.
The X-15
67 “Research-Airplane-Committee Report,” 1956, pp. 175-81; 1958, pp. 303-11. X-1B: NASA
SP-4303, pp. 79-80, 294-95; SP-2000-4518, p. 77.
68 NASA TN D-1157, Figure 2.
69 NASA TN D-1157, TN D-1402.
70 AIAA Paper 93-0309, p. 2; Miller, X-Planes, p. 188. Start in 1955: NASA TM X-56008, p. 1.
71 NASA: SP-60, pp. 78-79; TN D-6208, pp. 7-8.
72 AIAA Paper 64-17, p. 1.
73 American Heritage of Invention & Technology, Winter 1992, pp. 19-24.
74 NASA TN D-6208, p. 10; AIAA Paper 63075, pp. 15-16.
75 American Heritage of Invention & Technology, Winter 1989, pp. 60-62.
76 Quotes: “Research-Airplane-Committee Report,” 1956, p. 84.
77 NASA: SP-60, pp. 37-38; TN D-1159, pp. 6-7.
78 “Research-Airplane-Committee Report,” 1958, pp. 107-16.
79 AIAA Paper 93-0309, p. 5; NASA SP-4303, pp. 118, 336.
80 NASA SP-4222, pp. 51, 113; quote: Time, 8 December 1952, 69.
81 NASA SP-4201, p. 228; “Research-Airplane-Committee Report,” 1958, pp. 117-27 (5 psi: p.
117). Quote: NASA SP-4303, pp. 126-27.
82 NASA SP-4201, pp. 314-18, 402-07.
83 NASA SP-4303, pp. 315-16, 330; Miller, X-Planes, pp. 64, 191-192.
84 Miller, X-Planes, pp. 192-93.
85 Ibid., pp. 189-95; NASA SP-4303, pp. 121-22.
86 NASA CP-3105, p. 165.
87 Quote: Raumfahrtforschung, March-April 1969: 47.
88 Ibid., pp. 47-48; Hallion, Hypersonic, p. 164.
89 Hunley, “Significance,” p. 4; Astronautics & Aeronautics, March 1964, p. 23. Quote: AIAA
Paper 93-0309, p. 3.
90 AIAA Paper 93-0309, pp. 3, 9; NASA TN D-1278, pp. 8-9, 40-41; Raumfahrtforschung,
March-April 1969, p. 49.
91 Astronautics & Aerospace Engineering, June 1963, p. 25; NASA TN D-1278, pp. 10-11.
92 Astronautics & Aerospace Engineering, June 1963, pp. 28-29.
93 NASA TN D-1278, pp. 26-28.
94 Aviation Week, 26 August 1968, p. 97; Yeager and Janos, Yeager, p. 267.
95 Aviation Week, 12 August 1968, p. 104; 26 August 1968, pp. 97, 100.
96 Aviation Week, 26 August 1968, p. 85-105 (quote, p. 101).
97 NASA SP-4303, pp. 123-25. Numbers: Aviation Week, 12 August 1968,pp. 104, 117.
98 Quote: New York Times, 13 September 1962, p. 16.
89