Future Requirements of Agricultural Machines for Mechanizing ...

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Table 4. Selected Equipment for Seedbed Preparation ◆ 180 ◆ STATUS OF FARM MECHANIZATION IN INDIA S. No. Name of the Implement Size, mm Price, Rs Work Capacity Suitability ha/h h/ha A. Animal operated 1. M.B. Plough 150 400 0.024 40-42 For all Regions 2. Disc Harrow (4-8 disc) 600-1200 1000-1500 0.18-0.22 5-6 For light soils 3. Cultivator (3 tynes) 300-400 700-1000 0.08 12-14 For light soils 4. Bakhar 500 400 0.06 16-18 For heavy soils 5. Helical Puddler 500 800-1200 0.06 16-18 For puddling in all types of soils 6. Harrow Patela 1500-2000 1200-1500 0.2-0.25 4-5 For collection of trash and planking, all regions. B. Power Tiller operated 1. Rotavator 500-600 15000 0.07-0.09 11-13 All regions C. Tractor operated 1. M.B. Plough 2x350 10000-15000 0.20-0.25 4-5 All regions 3x350 20000-22000 0.30-0.35 3-4 2. Disc Plough 2x350 14000-16000 0.20-0.25 4-5 All regions 3x350 24000-26000 0.30-0.35 3-4 3. Disc Harrow (16 disc) 2000 15000-18000 0.40-0.50 2-2.5 All regions 4. Cultivator (9-11) 2500 12000-15000 0.40-0.50 2-2.5 Lighter soils 5. Rotavator 1500 40000-50000 0.2 5 All regions 6. Sweep cultivator 5 x 500 12000-15000 0.35 3-3.5 Heavy soils Table 5. Selected Equipment for Sowing and Planting S. No. Name of the Implement Size, mm Price, Rs Work Capacity Suitability ha/h h/ha A. Manually operated 1. Mustard seed drill 1 x 600 1000 0.1 10-12 Lighter soils B. Animal operated 1. CIAE 2-3 row seed-cum- 3 x 225 2500-3000 0.1 10-12 fertilizer drill 3 x 300 0.125 8-8.5 3 x 450 0.155 6-7 All types of seeds 2. CRIDA drill plough 1 x 225 500 0.04 20-25 All types of seeds 3. CIAE mustard drill 2 x 450 2500-3000 0.125 8-8.5 All types of soils 4. CIAE 2-3 row planter 3 x 450 3000-4000 0.155 6-7 Maize, cotton, groundnut and other types of seeds 5. IISR sugarcane planter 1 x 900 3000-4000 0.125 8 Lighter soils 6. Potato planter 2 x 450 3000-4000 0.125 8 Lighter soils C. Power tiller operated 1. Seed-cum-fertilizer drill 5 x 225 6000-8000 0.164 6-6.5 All types of soils 5 x 300 0.21 5-5.5 D. Tractor operated 1. Seed-cum-fertilizer drill 11 x 225 12000-15000 0.75 1.25-1.5 All types of soils with suitable furrow openers 2. No-till-drill 11 x 225 15000 0.75 1.25-1.5 For direct sowing of wheat after paddy in rice-wheat cropping system 3 Strip-till-drill 1500 25000-30000 0.25 4-5 For direct sowing of wheat after paddy in rice-wheat cropping system 4. Sugarcane cutter planter 2 x 900 40000-45000 0.25 4 Suitable for all regions with suitable ridger bodies 5 Potato planter 2 x 600 20000-25000 0.25 4 Suitable for all regions
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES FOR MECHANIZING AGRICULTURE Research studies under ICAR All India Coordinated Research Projects on Energy Requirement and Farm Implements and Machines have established roto tilling as an efficient seedbed preparation equipment both under upland and wet land situations. As a result it is currently under promotion with incentives in several states specially where vegetable crops are taken after rice. For wetland seedbed preparation power tillers with rototillers are very useful specially for small and marginal farms. However, many farmers who do not maintain bullocks, find custom serviced seedbed preparations fast and affordable. Many tractor owning farmers do custom servicing in seedbed preparation and seeding and in transport operations to improve economics of tractor owning. Table 4 presents selected improved seedbed preparation equipment available. 2.1.7 Sowing, Planting, Transplanting and Checkrowplanting: Sowing crops in lines so distanced apart that farm power units can move in inter-row spaces without damaging the plants is one of the perquisites of mechanization of post-seeding operations. As a result drills and planters have become popular. Placement of band of fertilizer by the side of seed slightly deeper is found to have better plant response and more yields. To realise this advantage, seed-cum-fertilizer drills succeeded the seed drills. For best results it is not only desirable to have seeds in row but also certain distance between the seeds (plants); to achieve it, there are planters plate type, cupfeed, and pneumatic seed metered but not as popular as drills. There is talk about Madagaskar rice cultivation technology whose main features are checkrow transplanting of young rice seedling (15-20 days old) and interculture in standing crop along and across the rows. However, we do not Table 6. Weeding and Interculture Equipment S. No. Name of the Implement Size, mm Price, Rs Work Capacity Suitability ◆ 181 ◆ ha/h h/ha A. Manually operated 1. Grubber 150-200 30-50 0.012 80 Lighter soils 2. Dryland peg weeder 150-200 250-300 0.025 40 All soils 3. CIAE twin wheel hoe 150-200 250-300 0.025 40 All soils 4. PAU wheel hoe 150-200 400-500 0.035 30 Lighter soils B. Animal operated 1. Dora 300 500 0.1 10 Heavy soils 2. Three tyned Sweep/ cultivator 600 700-1000 0.2 5 Lighter soils C. Power tiller operated 1. 3 tyned cultivator/ sweep 1000 5000-7000 0.2 5 All soils, wider row crops D. Tractor operated 1. 9-11 tyned tiller 2500 12000-15000 0.45 2-2.5 All soils, wider row crops 2. 5 tyned sweep 2500 12000-15000 0.45 2-2.5 All soils, wider row crop E. Self propelled weeder 1. CIAE/TNAU power weeder 500 30000 0.125 8 All soils, wider row crops have yet a mechanical check-row transplanter. Table 5 gives broad specifications of sowing and planting equipment available. Transplanting of seedlings/saplings is also widely practiced in fruit and vegetable and cultivation, agro-forestry where mechanization is needed for which effort are on for some of the operations mechanized options have been created like pit making. 2.1.8 Interculture and Weeding Equipment: Removal of weeds, aeration of the root zone, creating soil mulch, and earthing are major objectives in interculture. In some cases thinning and gap filling or band placement of fertilizer are also done during interculture. Traditional interculture tools are Khurpi or Kudali which are very slow and unaffordable at current wages. As an improvement wheel hoes have been developed, some with several attachments to perform various interculture jobs. These are becoming popular. There are tractor mounted cultivators, however, due to absence of headlands, failure to create straight rows and other reasons these are not widely used. For widerow sown crops like maize, pigeonpea, groundnuts, power weeders have been developed and commercialized. Self propelled rice power weeders have been developed but not popular yet. There are urea supergranule and prilled urea applicators developed for rice that improve fertilizer use efficiency. Some of the interculture and weeding equipment available are presented in Table 6. 2.1.9 Plant Protection Equipment: For applying weedicides, insecticides, fungicides as well as certain growth regulators spraying and dusting is followed. India has manual, knapsack auxiliary engine operated, manually pushed auxiliary engine operated, power tiller & tractor mounted and stationary engine operated sprayers and dusters in use, indigenously manufactured
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