Tema-1 “ LANGUAGE AS COMMUNICATION: ORAL AND WRITTEN ...

4) Some contructions may only be found in writing, others only occur in speech, such as in
slang and swear words.
5) Finally we can say that writing tends to be more formal and so it is more likely to
provide the standard that society values. Its performance provides it with a special status.
Despite these differences, the written and spoken language have mutually interacted in
many respects. We normally use the written language in order to improve our command of
vocabulary, active or passive, spoken or written.
Loan words may come into a country in a written form, and sometimes everything we know
about a language is from its written form eg: Latin. It is true that writing has derived from
speech in an historical sense, but nowadays their independance is mutual.
* Now we have examined the differences between speech and written language
we shall concentrate on the theory of communication, and those factors defining a
communicative act.
According to Ivor Armstrong Richards, “communication takes place when one mind so acts
upon its environment that another mind is influenced, and in that other mind an experience
occurs which is like the experience in the first mind, and is caused in part by that
experience.”