Tema-1 “ LANGUAGE AS COMMUNICATION: ORAL AND WRITTEN ...

Rules of usage In order to produce and understand messages in a particular language we need to be
familiar with:
PHONOLOGY We need to know the organisation, characteristics and patterns of sounds to
communicate.
MORPHOLOGY We need to know the word formation rules and types of combinations of bases
& affixes.
SYNTAX We need to know how words are put together to form sentences and which are their
relationships.
SEMANTICS We need to know how words can be combined to produce the meaning we want or
to understand the meaning expressed by others, even if it is nonliteral, methaporical or
anomalous.
Rules of use To be communicatively efficient, we need to show our linguistic competence in real speech
through:
APPROPRIATENESS or knowledge of what type of language suits best in a given situation,
taking into account the context with its participants and their social relationships, the
setting, the topic, the purpose..
COHERENCE or ability to organise our messages in a logical and comprehensible way to transmit
meaning.
COHESION or capacity to organise and structure utterances to facilitate interpretation by means of
endophoras and exophoras ( references to linguistic & situational contexts), repetitions,
ellipsis...
2.3. ROUTINES AND HABITUAL FORMULAE
Man´s ability to be creative with language is something obvious, but there are times when we choose how,
when and why not to be creative, to repeat what has been said or heard many times, often in exactly the
same form. Linguistic routines are fixed utterances which must be considered as single units to
understand their meaning, and they are of a learned character (Hi! familiar or empty How do you do?), the