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Tema-1 “ LANGUAGE AS COMMUNICATION: ORAL AND WRITTEN ...

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disturbances in the air pressure called sound waves, which are physical manifestations. This is the acoustic<br />

stage of the chain, during which the sound waves travel towards the listener’s ear-drum. The study of<br />

speech sound waves correspons to acoustic phonetics. The hearing process is the domain of auditory<br />

phonetics. This can be seen in the following table:<br />

SPEECH BRAIN SPEECH SOUND EAR BRAIN<br />

CHAIN MECHANISM WAVES<br />

Activity psychological physiological physical physiological psychologicals stage<br />

linguistic production transmission perception linguistic<br />

Phonetics articulatory acoustic auditory<br />

phonetics phonetics phonetics<br />

In this table we can see how phonetics is the study of all possible speech sounds.<br />

This is not the most important task for linguist, however. A linguist must study the way in which a<br />

language’s speakers systematically use a selection of theses sounds in order to express meaning. In this<br />

activity he is helped by phonology. Phonology is continually loking beneath th surface of speech to<br />

determine its underlying regularities. It is not interested in sounds but in phonemes, ie. Smallest<br />

contrastive phonological units which can produce a difference in meaning. The study of speech is<br />

therefore, the field of both Phonetics and Phonology.<br />

2.2. Written language.

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