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Western Ghats and is more confined to the Nilgiris, Silent Valley-Kodagu area (Nayar M.P., 1996). The Nilgiris -Silent Valley, Kodagu area covers 12800 sq. km hold about 150 endemic species. Some other endemic species of Cinnamomum occurring in this area are: Cinnamomum walaiwarnese, C. heyneanum, C. filipedicellatum, C. keralense, C. macrocarpum, C. riparium, C. travancoricum and C. wightii. Cultural, Medicinal and Economic Value The aromatic leaves are used to make a special kind of leafy bowl for preparing a traditional food item 'Therali” for the blessing of the Goddess “Bhadrakali”. Another delicious food “Ada” is also prepared in the leaves of this species. Fumigation of flower is an important ritual in tribal customs. Number of individuals using Cinnamomum malabathrum for various purposes 8 2 Tribes using Cinnamomum malabatrum for various purpose (in %) 1 4 Number of individuals using Cinnamomum malabathrum for various purposes 8 2 1 4 20 20 Domestic purposes Medicinal uses Comercial uses Religious practices Not used The plant is used by the Kani Tribe in Agasthyamala region for alleviating stomach pain, digestion problems as well as for treating wounds, fever, intestinal worms, headaches and menstrual problems. The aromatic bark of the tree is much extracted for medicinal purposes. The bark is known to be astringent, laxative, stimulant, and carminative, antispasmodic. Bark is used as a flavouring agent in medicine (Krishnamurthy, 1993). Bark is also used as condiment. Oil from leaves called “clove oil” is used against teeth ache, headache and rheumatism. Muduga people used the leaves for teeth cleaning. The highly aromatic bark and leaves of the species are widely exploited for the commercial extraction of volatile oils used in perfumery industry. The bark is also used to make inscent sticks. The immature fruits are used as a raw material in paint industries. Bark is used for the preparation of match boxes (Nair and Nair, 1985). Flower is used for fumigation. Conservation efforts Domestic purposes Cinnamomum malabatrum flowers during December - March Medicinal and mature uses fruits are during June- August. The seeds are dispersed mainly by birds away to distance Comercial where they uses germinate in rainy season. For artificial regeneration of C. malabatrum, ripen fruits collected Religious and they practices are to be soaked in water for 12- 24 hrs Not before used sowing. In the nursery, seeds are either broadcast sown or dibbled in manured beds watered regularly. The seedlings can be pricked out in to polythene bags when they are six months old. The percentage of germination of C. malabatrum as per above method was 87.15 % (Fig.1). 1743 seedlings were raised and distributed. 14
Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Hiern White Cedar Botanical Name : Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Hiern Family : Meliaceae English Name : White cedar Malayalam Name : Vella akil Tamil Name : Vellayagil Kannada Name : Bilibudlige Large trees up to 40 m height, rough greyish-yellow bark and inner bark creamy yellow. Leaves alternate or sub opposite, abruptly pinnate with angular rachis. Leaflets alternate, opposite or sub opposite, elliptic-oblong, entire, puberulous when young, rounded at base, acuminate at apex. Flowers are bisexual, greenish yellow. Fruits are capsule. Seeds stored at wet bags for artificial regeneration (FRI, 1981). Cultural, Medicinal and Economic Value Vellakil is a constituent of “ashtagandha”, which produce a fragrant smell. Wood is used for the BIO-CULTURAL VALUE OF THE SPECIES STUDIED production of inscent sticks. It is also used in the absence of sandal. But there is no Sandal wood tree in a forest in which there is Vellakil (Nair and Nair, 1985). Vellakil is used to fumigate the “Yaga”- an offering to God and “Homa” centers. Fumigation of Dysoxylum malabaricum is very important in the 'Oorukoottam” or Kurichiya country. This tree is mainly seen on dense forests and sacred groves. In ancient times no one was ready to exploit the sacred groves as part of the custom, because of that these trees are still protected. Decoction of wood is useful in arthritis, anorexia, cardiac debility, expelling intestinal worms, 15
Page 2 and 3: Images: Front Cover: Backdrop: habi
Page 4 and 5: i 01 04 07 10 12 22 27 ii iii iv CO
Page 6 and 7: Summary y research that facilitated
Page 8 and 9: are called as Atavika or Adivasi, i
Page 10 and 11: PROFILE OF THE STUDY STUDY SITE The
Page 12 and 13: Silent Valley Silent valley is extr
Page 14 and 15: stay on paddy field fringes blowing
Page 16 and 17: The major objective of the research
Page 18 and 19: BIO-CULTURAL VALUE OF THE SPECIES S
Page 22 and 23: inflammation, leprosy & rheumatism
Page 24 and 25: time of human beings, but the impur
Page 26 and 27: is mixed with little oil and applie
Page 28 and 29: tree for the star “moolam”. Hin
Page 30 and 31: and education about the native valu
Page 32 and 33: communities in revitalization of th
Page 34 and 35: CONCLUSIONS & THE STEPS AHEAD My ex
Page 36 and 37: The learning and experience from th
Page 38 and 39: Uses Still using as medicine Still
Page 40 and 41: No. Name Sex Age Community Hamlet C
Page 42 and 43: No. Name Sex Age Community Hamlet C
Page 44 and 45: ANNEXURE 4: Number of individuals f
Page 46: Maffi, L., 2005. Linguistic, cultur

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