The Relationship Between The 1990 Census and ... - Census Bureau

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2. Another occupation showing an increase of over 1000 percent was the residual category “Physical scientists, all other” (1131.4 percent). This apparent increase, however, may be more due to a coding anomaly than to a real change in the number of physical scientists. Often in the census, respondents do not provide enough information for accurate assignment to a category. In 1990, if a person said he or she was a “scientist” without specifying exactly what kind of scientist, the response was assigned to a processing step called “problem referral,” where a coder had to make a judgment about the correct code to assign, based on the industry or other information provided. These unspecified responses were probably spread among several categories for scientists. In 2000, however, the new SOC and the Census index assigned all unspecified scientists to the category for “Physical scientists, all other.” This decision to simplify the coding process probably inflated the number of people assigned to the residual category for physical scientists in Census 2000. 3. In the group “Production occupations,” a computer-related occupation with a very large increase was “Computer control programmers and operators” (731.5 percent). Although this occupation is not part of the “Computer specialists” major group, many workers in this category develop programs to control machining or processing by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. In other words, the change in this occupation category may reflect an increase in the use of robotics and other automated processes in production-type industries, and the need for people who can program and operate those processes. 4. Other categories with high percentage increases, each tripling or more from 1990 to 2000, were: “Financial examiners” (482.8 percent); “First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers (360.7 percent); “Physician assistants” (356.7 percent) 8 ; “First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers (337.9 percent); and “Industrial production managers” (226.7 percent). 5. Most Census 2000 products do not show data for occupation categories with fewer than 10,000 people nationwide. Among the categories over this threshold in 2000, the ones showing the greatest losses from 1990 to 2000 were: “Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers” (-81.1 percent); “Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators” (-69.7 percent); “Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other” (-61.6 percent); and “Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders”(-60.9 percent). ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF THE DATA As from any sample, the proportions (conversion factors) shown in the comparability tables are subject to sampling error, especially when the numbers for a detailed category are very small. Furthermore, since the base sample is from 1990, it reflects the industrial and occupational composition of the labor force at that time. Because industries and occupations change over time, the sample may be less useful for other time periods. Surveys and other databases may measure the industrial and occupational distribution of the labor force differently from the decennial census. Therefore, although the conversion factors contained in this paper can be used for other data sources, the conversion may not be as accurate as for the data from the 1990 census. Remember also the point described earlier in this paper that these factors will vary in accuracy for each sex, race, geographic area, or other characteristic. 8 This category includes emergency medical technicians and paramedics. 17
The data presented in this report are based on a 146,686 case sample of the 1990 census experienced civilian labor force. These data are estimates of the values that would have been obtained if the study had been made on all people in the 1990 experienced civilian labor force. The deviation of a sample estimate from the average of all possible samples is called the sampling error. The standard error of a survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples and thus, is a measure of the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. A sample estimate and its estimated standard error may be used to construct confidence intervals about the estimate. The Census Bureau provides, in many of its reports and in documentations to its data sets, extensive information and formulas that analysts can use to calculate standard errors and confidence intervals. One such source of this information is Chapter 8 in the documentation for Census 2000 Summary File 3. You can find this documentation at http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf3.pdf. SOURCES OF INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION DATA The Census Bureau’s website www.census.gov includes a section called American FactFinder, which provides a wealth of data from the last two decennial censuses and from its American Community Survey, which is conducted between the censuses. The following data sets and tables provide industry and occupation data from the decennial censuses. Note that in all the census products listed here, there is a trade-off between levels of geography and the amount of detail found for industry and occupation categories. For example, Census 2000 SF-3 provides data for very small geographic areas such as census tracts and block groups, but you will find data for only 20 industry and 33 occupation groups. On the other extreme, the Census 2000 1-percent PUMS provides the full detail of 265 industry and 509 occupation categories, but only for very large geographic areas such as entire states, metropolitan areas, and other areas with a minimum population of 400,000. On American FactFinder: Census 2000: 2000 Summary File (SF) 3; see: Table DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000 Table QT-P27. Occupation by Sex: 2000 Table QT-P28. Occupation by Sex – Percent Distribution: 2000 Table QT-P29. Industry by Sex: 2000 Table QT-P30. Industry by Sex – Percent Distribution: 2000 Table P49. Sex by Industry for the Employed Civilian Population 16+ Years Table P50. Sex by Occupation for the Employed Civilian Population 16+ Years Table P51. Sex by Industry by Class of Worker for the Employed Civilian Population 16+ Years 2000 Summary File (SF) 4; see: Table DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000 (with race detail) Table QT-P27. Occupation by Sex: 2000 (with race detail) Table QT-P28. Occupation by Sex – Percent Distribution: 2000 (with race detail) Table QT-P29. Industry by Sex: 2000 (with race detail) Table QT-P30. Industry by Sex – Percent Distribution: 2000 (with race detail) 18
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Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Technical Report:
Page 5 and 6: The Relationship Between the 1990 C
Page 7 and 8: After 1990, however, the crosswalks
Page 9 and 10: entertainment, and recreation,”
Page 11 and 12: apply those factors to census data
Page 13 and 14: “majority” choice in most cases
Page 15 and 16: went to category 340, “Emergency
Page 17: Industry 1. Small, new, and residua
Page 22 and 23: 1990 CENSUS CODE APPENDIX A. 1990 C
Page 24 and 25: CENSUS CODE MANUFACTURING - Continu
Page 26 and 27: CENSUS CODE RETAIL TRADE 580 Lumber
Page 28: CENSUS CODE PROFESSIONAL AND RELATE
Page 31 and 32: 045 Metallurgical and materials (16
Page 33 and 34: Writers, Artists, Entertainers, and
Page 35 and 36: 327 Order clerks (4664) 328 Personn
Page 37 and 38: 457 Barbers (5252) 458 Hairdressers
Page 39 and 40: 594 Paving, surfacing, and tamping
Page 41 and 42: 749 Miscellaneous textile machine o
Page 44 and 45: APPENDIX C. CENSUS 2000 INDUSTRY CL
Page 46 and 47: Census 2000 1997 NAICS Code Categor
Page 48 and 49: Census 2000 1997 NAICS Code Categor
Page 50: Census 2000 1997 NAICS Code Categor
Page 53 and 54: Census 2000 2000 SOC Code Category
Page 64 and 65: APPENDIX E. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RELATED
Page 66 and 67: APPENDIX G. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND A
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Industry and Occupation The 1990 ce
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1990 Census Codes and Categories Ce
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1990 Census Codes and Categories Ta
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Table 2. 1990 Census Occupation Cla
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Table 7. 1990 Census STF-3 Occupati
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Table 6. 1990 Census STF-3 Industry
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Table 6. 1990 Census STF-3 Industry
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Table 5. 1990 STF-4 Occupation Grou
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Table 4. 1990 STF-4 Industry Groups
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Table 3. 1990 Census EEO File Occup
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Table 8. 1990 Census Redistributed
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Template for Converting 1990 Census
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