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of Solvent Ether. Pack the whole mass in a percolator, allow to macerate for thirty minutes and extract with Solvent Ether till the ethereal solution ceases to give a pink colour with a drop of Dilute Ammonia Solution. Distil off the Ether, treat the residue with small quantity of light Petroleum (b.p. 40° C to 60° C) cool in ice, filter through a Buchner funnel under suction and reject the filtrate. Wash the residue with further small quantities of cooled Ether (b. p. 40° C to 60° C). Transfer the residue to a tared beaker with sufficient quantity of Solvent Ether, remove the Light Petroleum and dry the residue of embelin to constant weight at 80°. The melting range of the residue is 142° C to 144° C. CONSTITUENTS - Benzoquinones, alkaloid (Christembine), tannin and essential oil PROPERTIES AND ACTION Rasa: Katu, Tikta Guna: Ruksha, Laghu, Tikshna Virya: Ushna Vipaka: Katu Karma: Kriminashna, Dipana, Anulomana, Vatakaphapaha IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS- Vidangarishta, Vidanga Lauha, Vidangadi Lauha THERAPEUTIC USES- Krimiroga, Adhmana, Shula, Udararoga DOSE- 5-10 g of the drug in powder form. DANTI (Root) (API Part - I, Volume -III, Page 41) Danti consists of dried root of Baliospermum montanum Muell.-Arg. (Fam.Euphorbiaceae); a leafy undershrub, distributed in outer range of Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam and in moist deciduous forests elsewhere in India. SYNONYMS Sanskrit : Danti Assamese : Danti Bengali : Danti English: Wild Croton Gujrati: Danti Hindi: Danti Kannada : Kadu Haralu Malayalam : Neervalam, Dantti Marathi : Danti Oriya : Danti Punjabi : Danti Tamil : Danti Telugu : Konda Amudamu Urdu: Danti Info Ayurveda, Volume 2, No.1, July to September’ 2012 DESCRIPTION a) Macroscopic Root pieces almost cylindrical, straight or ribbed with secondary and tertiary roots, 0.2-1 cm thick and upto 10 cm or more in length, tapering at one end, tough, externally brown; surface, rough due to longitudinal striations, transverse cracks and scars of rootlets; internally creamcoloured; transversely smoothened root shows thin, brown bark and yellowish-white central core; taste, bitter. b) Microscopic Shows 5-18 layered cork, consisting of brown coloured, suberised or lignified brickshaped cells, a few cells containing tannin and red colouring matter; secondary cortex consists of 2-7 layers of oval to elliptical, tangentially elongated cells, a few cortical fibres are also present in this region; secondary phloem consists of usual elements, traversed by uni to biseriate phloem rays; secondary xylem consists of usual elements; vessels and tracheids, bordered pits, a few having reticulate thickening; fibres slightly thick-walled, narrow lumen and blunt tips; xylem rays 1 or 2 cells wide; rosette crystals of calcium oxalate and starch grains, present only in secondary cortex and phloem; starch grains solitary and in groups, simple, round to oval measuring 6-17 μ in dia. Powder - Brown; shows fragments of cork more or less rectangular, thickwalled in surface view; rosette crystals of calcium oxalate; numerous phloem fibres with narrow lumen and blunt tips, border pitted- and reticulate vessels, tracheid and tannin cells, round to oval simple starch grains measuring 6-17 μ in diameter, and in groups occasionally. IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH Foreign matter - Not more than 2 per cent, Total Ash - Not more than 10 per cent, Acid-insoluble ash - Not more than 3 per cent, Alcohol-soluble extractive - Not less than 1.5 per cent, Water-soluble extractive - Not less than 3 per cent, T.L.C. T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9:1) shows under U.V. (366 nm) a fluorescent zone at Rf 0.65 (blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour two spots appear at Rf 0.51 and 0.65 (both yellow). On spraying with 50% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 110°C two spots appear at Rf 0.51 and 0.65 (both grey). CONSTITUENTS - β - Sitosterol and Triterpenoids, Resinous Glycosides, Phorbol Esters. PROPERTIES AND ACTION Rasa: Katu Guna: Tikshna, Sara, Laghu Virya: Ushna Vipaka: Katu Karma: Kaphahara, Raktadoshahara, Vidahara, Dipana, Rocaka, Shodhaka, Vikasi, Vrana IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS Dantyadyarishta, Punarnava Mandura, Abhayarishta, Kankayana Gutika, Dantiharitaki, Kalyanaka Kshara, Kaishora Guggulu THERAPEUTIC USES Tvak dosha, Daha, Shotha, Udararoga, Sularoga, Krimi, Arsha, Ashmari, Kandu, Kushtha, Vrana, Pliha Vriddhi, Gulma, Kamala DOSE - 1-3 g of the drug in powder form 10
Pharmocopial Standards For Kaishora Guggulu 1. Guggulu API- (Shuddha) Commiphora wightii Exd. 768 g 2. Haritaki API Terminalia chebula P. 256 g 3. Bibhitaka API Terminalia bellirica P. 256 g 4. Amalaki API Phyllanthus emblica (Emblica officinalis) P. 256 g 5. Chinnaruha (Guduci API) Tinospora cordifolia St. 1.54 kg 6. Jala API for decoction Water 12.29 l reduced to 6.14 1 7. Haritaki API Terminalia chebula P. 8 g 8. Bibhitaka API Terminalia bellirica P. 8 g 9. Amalaki API Phyllanthus emblica P. 8 g 10. Shunthi API Zingiber officinale Rz. 24 g 11. Marica API Piper nigrum Fr. 24 g 12. Pippali API Piper longum Fr. 24 g 13. Krimiripu (Vidanga API) Embelia ribes Fr. 24 g 14. Trivrit API Operculina turpethum Rt. 12 g 15. Danti API Baliospermum montanum Rt. 12 g 16. Amrita (Guduci API) Tinospora cordifolia St. 48 g 17. Ghrita (Goghrita API) Clarified butter from 384 g cow’s milk Method of preparation: Take all ingredients of pharmacopoeial quality. Wash, dry and powder the ingredients number 7 to 16 of the formulation compostion to a fine powder separately and pass through sieve number 85. Soak the coarse powder of ingredients 2 to 5 in potable water in the specified ratio for 1 hr, boil it till the volume is reduced to half of its original volume. Cool the kashaya and filter through a muslin cloth. Boil Shuddha-Guggulu in the above kashaya in an iron vessel and concentrate, add fine powders of remaining drugs with continuous stirring. Add Ghrita to the above mixture to form a semisolid mass for preparation of vati. Expel the mass through vati machine fitted with suitable die and cut vatis of desirable weight. Dry the rolled vatis in a tray-dryer at a temperature not exceeding 60 degree. Pack it in tightly closed glass containers to protect from light and moisture. Description: Spherical pills, dark brown in color with pleasant odour, taste astringent and sweetish. Identification: Microscopy: Take about 5 g of the sample, powder it and add n-hexane (20 ml), stir for 10 min thoroughly over a water-bath; pour out hexane. Repeat the process thrice adding fresh quantities of hexane; discard hexane. Wash the sediment in hot water thoroughly. Take a few mg of the washed material, stain with iodine solution and mount in 50 per cent glycerin. Clarify a few mg with chloral hydrate and mount in 50 per cent glycerin. Observe the following characters in different mounts. Groups of parenchymatous epidermal cells having beaded walls, several Info Ayurveda, Volume 2, No.1, July to September’ 2012 KAISHORA GUGGULU (VATI) (API, PART - II, VOLUME –I, PAGE 94) DEFINITION:Kaishora Guggulu is a vati preparation made with the ingredients in the Formulation composition given below with Guggulu as the basic ingredient. Formulation Composition: showing a thin cross wall, crisscross layer of sclerenchymatous fibres (Haritaki); short, unicellular, thick walled trichomes with sharp tips and bulbous bases and fragments of polyhedral epidermis showing cicatrices (Bibhitaka); thin walled cells of epidermal tissue with paracytic stomata and containing silica crystals, brachysclereids with pitted wide lumen, parenchymatous tissue with large irregular thick walled cells showing corner thickenings (Amalaki); groups of parenchymatous cells, densely packed with starch grains, isolated starch grains, simple, oval to rod shaped, measuring 15 to 70 μ in length, hilum eccentric, lamellae distinct, yellow coloured oleo-resin cells, non-lignified, septate fibres some of them bearing marks of adjacent cells pressing against them, 30 to 50 μ broad (Shunthi); fragments of inner epidermis in surface view with group of stone cells, interspersed amidst parenchyma (Marica); spindle shaped or elongated stone cells showing narrow boundary and broad lumen isolated or in groups of 2 to 8 (Pippali); groups of polygonal, non lignified, thick walled brown coloured cells of testa in surface view, palisade like thick walled cells of testa in transverse view measuring 55 to 80 μ in length and 15 to 30 μ in width, thick walled polygonal cells filled with yellowish brown content of mesocarp cells almost square in shape, measuring 25 to 45 μ in dia (Vidanga); cortical parenchymatous cells containing rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, broken, thick rod-like cellulosic fibres, fragments of typically honeycomb like pitted vessels, resin canals lined with epithelium (Trivrita); cork cells in surface and transverse view several with tannin or red colouring matter (Danti); parenchymatous cells filled with starch grains, starch grains abundant, single and compound, ovoid, elliptical, hilum, mostly irregular in shape, measuring 5 to 10 μ in dia, fragments of bordered pitted vessels (Guduci). Thin layer chromatography: Extract 5 g of powdered vatis (vatti powder) in 75 ml of n- hexane under reflux on a water-bath for 30 min. Filter and concentrate the extract to 10 ml and carry out the thin layer chrmotography. Apply 10 μl of n-hexane extract on TLC plate and develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm using n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8.5 : 1.5) as mobile phase. After development, allow the plate to dry in air and examine under ultraviolet light (366 nm). It shows major spots at Rf 0.10, 0.17 (both blue), 0.25 (fluorescent blue) and 0.46 (blue). Physico-chemical parameters: Loss on drying: Not more than 13.0 per cent Total ash: Not more than 9.0 per cent Acid-insoluble ash: Not more than 2.0 per cent Alcohol-soluble extractive: Not less than 40.0 per cent Water-soluble extractive: Not less than 34.0 per cent pH (1% aqueous solution): 4.0 to 4.5 Other requirements: Microbial Limits Aflatoxins Storage: Store in a cool place in tightly closed containers, protected from light and moisture. Therapeutic uses: Mandagni (Dyspepsia); Vibandha (constipation); Vatashonita (Gout); Pramehapidka (Diabetic carbuncle); Vrana (Ulcer); Kasa (cough); Kushtha (diseases of skin); Gulma (abdominal lump); Svayathu (oedema); Pandu (anaemia);Meha (excessive flow of urine); Jaradosha (geriatric disorder). Dose: 3 g daily in divided doses. Anupana: Mudga Yusha, Milk, Sugandhijala. 11
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