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56 Chapter 2. Multiwavelength approach to LS 5039 DECLINATION (J2000) -14 49 00 30 50 00 30 51 00 30 52 00 30 LS 5039 V band LS 5039 ROSAT 53 00 18 26 20 15 10 RIGHT ASCENSION (J2000) 05 Figure 2.10: CCD image of LS 5039 obtained on 1998 June 7 with the 1.52 m OAN telescope in the V Johnson filter. The circle with 35 ′′ radius represents the 90% confi- dence position from the ROSAT PSPC pointed observations quoted in M97. The two comparison stars used for differential photometry are labeled as C1 and C2. the V band. Differential photometry was performed against two nearby comparison stars (C1 and C2 in Fig. 2.10). Based on several observations of Landolt (1992) standards, the adopted magni- tudes of the comparison stars are V = 12.53, R = 12.01, I = 11.55 and V = 10.10, R = 9.36, I = 8.68 for C1 and C2, respectively. This absolute photometry is accu- rate to ±0.03 mag. Relative variations in the final photometric results of Table 2.4 can be nevertheless traced at the ±0.01 mag level. From our OAN observations we propose that there may be day-to-day variations with amplitudes of a few hundredths of magnitude. This appears specially evident in the latest two days of Table 2.4. Here, the LS 5039 brightness decreased by about 0.04 mag in V and 0.05 mag in R and I from one day to the next. In doing so, all the differences between the two comparison stars remained constant within less than 0.01 mag, thus supporting the reality of this variation. C1 C2
2.5. The optical/IR star: LS 5039 57 Table 2.4: Optical photometry of LS 5039. Date Julian Day V R I [JD−2400000] 1998 Jun 2 50966.5 11.35 — — 1998 Jun 3 50967.6 11.33 — — 1998 Jun 7 50971.6 11.35 10.64 9.90 1998 Jun 8 50972.5 11.39 10.69 9.95 Compilation of optical and near infrared observations Optical and/or near infrared photometry of LS 5039 has been published in the past by Drilling (1975, 1991), Lahulla & Hilton (1992), Kilkenny et al. (1993), Spencer Jones et al. (1993), Martí et al. (1998, see Table 2.4) and Clark et al. (2001). We have compiled all simultaneous broad band (at least 3 filters) measurements in Table 2.5, where the initials and numbers refer to the cited papers. As can be seen, all values are consistent with a long-term variability smaller than ∼ 0.1 mag in all filters except in V , where it varies ∼ 0.2 mag. This suggests that no strong optical variations appear to be present on timescales of years. Nevertheless, Clark et al. (2001) also report broad band JHK photometry in the period 1995–2000 that indicates variability up to ∼0.4 mag in H band and ∼0.5 mag in K band. These authors also searched for medium-term variability in the B and V bands during 21 nights spanning 43 days. They only could find aperiodic variability at the hundredth of magnitude level, on single nights and from night to night, that can be attributed to variations in mass loss rate or to non-radial pulsations. Table 2.5: Compilation of optical and near infrared photometry of LS 5039. Observation U B V R I J H K L D91 12.02 ± 0.02 12.18 ± 0.01 11.23 ± 0.01 — — — — — — LH92 11.97 ± 0.02 12.15 ± 0.02 11.20 ± 0.02 — — — — — — K93, SJ93 — — 11.24 ± 0.01 10.59 ± 0.01 9.88 ± 0.01 9.02 ± 0.01 8.79 ± 0.02 8.57 ± 0.03 1996 Oct, C01 — 12.18 ± 0.02 11.33 ± 0.02 10.65 ± 0.02 9.87 ± 0.02 9.05 ± 0.02 8.75 ± 0.02 8.60 ± 0.02 8.69 ± 0.05 1998 Jun 7 M98 — — 11.35 ± 0.03 10.64 ± 0.03 9.90 ± 0.03 — — — — 1998 Jun 8, M98 — — 11.39 ± 0.03 10.69 ± 0.03 9.95 ± 0.03 — — — — 2000 Sep, C01 — 12.17 ± 0.03 11.32 ± 0.01 10.61 ± 0.01 9.91 ± 0.01 — — — —
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UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA Departamen
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Per a la meva neboda Blanca, que va
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feina no presentada en aquesta tesi
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desfogar-nos conjuntament, per la s
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From the scientifical point of view
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Gràcies a la meva germana Nàdia,
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ii CONTENTS I Discovery and study o
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iv CONTENTS II A search for new mic
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vi CONTENTS
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viii Resum de la tesi d’Eddington
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x Resum de la tesi imprescindible p
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xii Resum de la tesi dels sistemes
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xiv Resum de la tesi un comportamen
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xvi Resum de la tesi MilliARC SEC 4
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xviii Resum de la tesi per poder de
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xx Resum de la tesi valors força s
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xxii Resum de la tesi 2. D’entre
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xxiv Resum de la tesi pano Alemán
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xxvi Resum de la tesi 3.3 Observaci
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xxviii Resum de la tesi habitual en
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xxx Resum de la tesi Per tant, si l
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xxxii BIBLIOGRAFIA
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2 Chapter 1. Introduction and backg
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4 Chapter 1. Introduction and backg
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Page 74 and 75: 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY Lewin, W. H. G., va
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Page 79 and 80: Chapter 2 Multiwavelength approach
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Page 135 and 136: Bibliography Blandford, R. D., & K
Page 137 and 138: BIBLIOGRAPHY 91 Merck, M., Bertsch,
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3.5. The H i surroundings of LS 503
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3.6. Discussion 109 experienced a h
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3.6. Discussion 111 At this point w
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3.7. Conclusions 113 6. Finally, th
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Bibliography Ankay, A., Kaper, L.,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 117 Schaerer, D., de K
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Part II A search for new microquasa
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122 Chapter 4. The cross-identifica
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130 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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132 Chapter 5. Radio and optical ob
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DECLINATION (J2000) DECLINATION (J2
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148 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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150 Chapter 6. EVN and MERLIN obser
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166 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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General conclusions 171 Since each
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