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ii CONTENTS I Discovery and study of the microquasar LS 5039 31 2 Multiwavelength approach to LS 5039 33 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2 Chronology of findings on LS 5039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.3 An interesting target in the search for new microquasars . . . . . . . 35 2.4 The radio counterpart: NVSS J182614−145054 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4.1 A radio counterpart in the NVSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4.2 VLA observations, discovery of a REXB . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.4.3 Long-term GBI monitoring, a persistent radio source . . . . . 42 2.4.4 VLBA observations, discovery of a microquasar . . . . . . . . 46 2.4.5 EVN and MERLIN observations, confirmation of persistent relativistic radio jets . . . . . . . . . 50 2.5 The optical/IR star: LS 5039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.5.1 Photometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.5.2 Spectral type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2.5.3 Distance and its uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2.5.4 Radial velocity curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2.6 The X-ray counterpart: RX J1826.2−1450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.6.1 The ASM/RXTE data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.6.2 PCA/RXTE observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2.6.3 BeppoSAX observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 2.7 The γ-ray counterpart: 3EG J1824−1514 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
CONTENTS iii 2.8 A proposed scenario to explain the multiwavelength behavior . . . . . 79 2.8.1 Spectral energy distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 2.8.2 A model based on the γ-ray/radio emission . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2.8.3 Energetic considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2.8.4 Future prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 2.9 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3 LS 5039 as a runaway microquasar 93 3.1 Positions and proper motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3.1.1 Optical positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3.1.2 Radio positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.1.3 Proper motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.2 Ejection from the galactic plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3.3 The past trajectory of LS 5039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3.4 SNR G016.8−01.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 3.4.1 A lower limit of the distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 3.4.2 Particle density estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 3.5 The H i surroundings of LS 5039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 3.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Page 1: UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA Departamen
Page 5: Per a la meva neboda Blanca, que va
Page 8 and 9: feina no presentada en aquesta tesi
Page 10 and 11: desfogar-nos conjuntament, per la s
Page 12 and 13: From the scientifical point of view
Page 14 and 15: Gràcies a la meva germana Nàdia,
Page 18 and 19: iv CONTENTS II A search for new mic
Page 20 and 21: vi CONTENTS
Page 22 and 23: viii Resum de la tesi d’Eddington
Page 24 and 25: x Resum de la tesi imprescindible p
Page 26 and 27: xii Resum de la tesi dels sistemes
Page 28 and 29: xiv Resum de la tesi un comportamen
Page 30 and 31: xvi Resum de la tesi MilliARC SEC 4
Page 32 and 33: xviii Resum de la tesi per poder de
Page 34 and 35: xx Resum de la tesi valors força s
Page 36 and 37: xxii Resum de la tesi 2. D’entre
Page 38 and 39: xxiv Resum de la tesi pano Alemán
Page 40 and 41: xxvi Resum de la tesi 3.3 Observaci
Page 42 and 43: xxviii Resum de la tesi habitual en
Page 44 and 45: xxx Resum de la tesi Per tant, si l
Page 46 and 47: xxxii BIBLIOGRAFIA
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20 Chapter 1. Introduction and back
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28 BIBLIOGRAPHY Lewin, W. H. G., va
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30 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Chapter 2 Multiwavelength approach
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2.3. An interesting target in the s
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2.4. The radio counterpart: NVSS J1
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2.5. The optical/IR star: LS 5039 5
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2.6. The X-ray counterpart: RX J182
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2.7. The γ-ray counterpart: 3EG J1
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2.7. The γ-ray counterpart: 3EG J1
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2.8. A proposed scenario to explain
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Figure 2.23: Scenario where the mul
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2.9. Conclusions 87 8. We have carr
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Bibliography Blandford, R. D., & K
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 91 Merck, M., Bertsch,
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Chapter 3 LS 5039 as a runaway micr
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3.1. Positions and proper motions 9
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3.1. Positions and proper motions 9
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3.3. The past trajectory of LS 5039
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3.4. SNR G016.8−01.1 101 DECLINAT
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3.4. SNR G016.8−01.1 103 Normaliz
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3.4. SNR G016.8−01.1 105 Galactic
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3.5. The H i surroundings of LS 503
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3.6. Discussion 109 experienced a h
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3.6. Discussion 111 At this point w
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3.7. Conclusions 113 6. Finally, th
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Bibliography Ankay, A., Kaper, L.,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 117 Schaerer, D., de K
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Part II A search for new microquasa
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122 Chapter 4. The cross-identifica
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130 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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132 Chapter 5. Radio and optical ob
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DECLINATION (J2000) DECLINATION (J2
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150 Chapter 6. EVN and MERLIN obser
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166 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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General conclusions 171 Since each
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