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5. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of the following interventions
in improving gait, balance and mobility in patients with brain injuries
(consider also duration of therapy):
y treadmill training
y biofeedback (any type)
y electrostimulation (ES or FEES)
y orthoses (any type)
y task-related training
y neurophysiological training
y physical fitness training
y electromechanical assisted gait training
y repetitive task training
y walking aids (sticks, zimmers, walking frames)
y strengthening
y intensity?
6a. In patients with brain injuries, what is the evidence that the following
interventions lead to reductions in impairment:
y daily/repetitive practice of activities (early/late)?
6b. In patients with brain injuries, what is the evidence that the following
interventions lead to improvement in self management of disability:
y compensatory approaches which would include; electronic aids (ie
neuropage, sense cam, watches, ictaphones, mobile phones, alarms, PDAs),
diaries, environmental modification
y cognitive approaches including errorless learning, enhanced learning,
mnemonics, holistic approach, paper based therapies?
6c. In patients with brain injuries is there any evidence to guide the
assessment and management of insight/awareness of the patient?
7. Which of the following interventions reduce challenging/aggressive
behaviour (eg absconding, non-cooperation, aggression, apathy) in
patients with brain injury:
y any psychological treatment
y any pharmacological treatment?
8. What evidence is there that the following interventions in patients with
brain injuries improve emotional lability, depression and anxiety:
y antidepressants
y anxiolitics
y any psychological therapy?
4.1
5.3-5.7
5.3-5.7
5.2
6.1
6.2
Annexes
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