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An Archaeologist and His Road to Voruta ALBINAS KUNCEVIČIUS 20 there all through the winter until March. At that time, a personnel shuffle was going on at the Scientific Methodological Council for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage [SMC], a monument protection institution. Romas Olšauskas resigned as head of the Archaeology Department and took another job, and his colleague Bronius Dakanis was appointed as the new head of the department. So, while I was still a university student, I went to work at the SMC’s Archaeology Department as a senior methodologist. The first archaeological expedition took place while I was still a student, in 1985, during which staff from the SMC, including both of us, went to Raginėnai. The expedition lasted quite a long time, but the excavation work lasted a very short time ... Besides, we didn’t find anything. The main work of the SMC was to survey archaeological monuments in provincial districts. For me, the first assignment was to survey the archaeological monuments of my native Utena district in 1985. Before a survey like that, we would make preparations for a long time, collect all the available material on earlier archaeological surveys, and archival information on potential monuments; and then the actual survey works in the district would last for a couple of months, followed by writing up the report. It was enough work for the whole of 1985. If we can go back to your study years ... Although there was perhaps no clear lecture system, your field trips and monuments are quite impressive. Obeliai, as we all now agree, is a unique site. However, Šventoji, Vilnius Cathedral and the excavations in the Old Town at Giedrio Street, which rank among the most extensive excavations so far, or the Arsenal, where a settlement from the Pre-Christian period and a large number of wooden remains of historical Vilnius were found, have all become ‘classics’ of archaeological excavation, and the importance of the material collected during these excavations is now regarded as the standard. As far as I know, you didn’t work long at the SMC, and I assume that your career as an archaeologist and a researcher began after that job. I know from my own experience: the work is interesting, but it is hardly comparable with purely scientific work. You may be right. However, I think that at this point I should explain why I chose that particular subject for my scientific research. For my university graduation paper, I selected a subject pertaining to the Iron Age, non-fortified settlements of the Iron Age. This is news to me. For some reason, I was sure that you had always been interested only in hill-forts, and it never occurred to me that initially your subject was quite different. When I came to work for the SMC, it turned out that Algimantas Merkevičius, who had already worked there for some time, had chosen the same subject, and even published an article with the same title. It was obvious that it was not worth competing in the subject, where the range of research was quite narrow. As I was the second, and besides, Algimantas Merkevičius was slightly older than me, he told me that he wanted to continue working on the subject, and, naturally, I stepped aside. I had to choose another subject. At that time, there were two subjects that had hardly been researched and that were interesting to me: late-period hill-forts and manor sites. Did you think of these subjects yourself, or did someone give you a suggestion? I can understand the subject you selected, late-period hill-forts. But this subject is also quite complicated and very wide. Historical times, fragmentary research material published here and there by other archaeologists ... Besides, as far as I remember, Vladas Daugudis also tried to work on the subject. Some research into it was done by Regina Volkaitė-Kulikauskienė and Pranas Kulikauskas. So we might say it was a bold choice. As for manor sites, by that time they had hardly been researched by archaeologists, and they were not actually regarded as objects of archaeological interest. In fact, archaeological research on manor sites is still waiting for dissertations. That might be true, although Vladas Daugudis was more interested in the wooden structures found in hillforts, and if we recall his articles, it is obvious that he was interested in the hill-fort material dating from earlier times. Actually, I didn’t think that late-period hillforts were a complicated subject. To me, they looked full of promise. Hill-forts had been excavated and the archaeological material that had been found in them was kept in museums. Meanwhile, manor sites by that time had not been researched. So the material from manor sites had to be ‘dug out’ first. Of course, most of the material for archaeological dissertations is ‘dug out’. At first, when I had to choose a subject, I had some doubts. Of senior archaeologists, I only knew Vytautas Urbanavičius more or less closely. I met him and told him about my ideas and my reasons. He suggested that I work on late-period hill-forts.
During excavations of the moat of Kaunas Castle: Algirdas Žalnierius and Gintautas Zabiela (right) (photograph by V. Vaitkevičius). A survey of Rėva forest hill-fort (in the Vilnius district) during a frost of minus 20 degrees in January 2010: Zenonas Baubonis and Gintautas Zabiela (right) (photograph by V. Vaitkevičius). ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 16 I TO GINTAUTAS ZABIELA, A FRIEND AND COLLEAGUE 21
Page 1 and 2: ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA16 settleMents
Page 3 and 4: KlaiPĖDa UniVersity settleMents an
Page 5: CONTENTS Preface 7 I. TO GINTAUTAS
Page 8 and 9: ALGIRDAS GIRININKAS Preface 8 volum
Page 10: ALGIRDAS GIRININKAS Preface 10 betw
Page 14 and 15: An Archaeologist and His Road to Vo
Page 29 and 30: II. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CERAMICS ARCHAEO
Page 31 and 32: the second half of the 19th century
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 1. The table employed in the d
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 3. V. Žulkus’ table for the
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 5. The ceramic fragment charac
Page 39 and 40: Area Depth cm Quadrate Object Group
Page 41 and 42: ZABIELA, G., 2001. Laužiškio pili
Page 43 and 44: 1993 29. BERTAŠIUS, M., 1993. Kaun
Page 47 and 48: III. FROM ANCIENT SETTLEMENTS AND P
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 1. The sites of the Palanga se
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 2. A palaeogeographical recons
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 5. The lower part of a spear p
Page 55 and 56: ants hunted not only forest fauna,
Page 57 and 58: DAUGNORA, L., GIRININKAS A., 2004.
Page 59 and 60: other tribesmen, formed in the seve
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 1. Curonian pirates on the Bal
Page 63 and 64: them with a hail of spears and ston
Page 65 and 66: strait at Klaipėda if they were pu
Page 67 and 68: site of the old settlement (it is n
Page 69 and 70: HENRIKAS LATVIS. Livonijos kronikos
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Kai kurių pajūrio prekybos centr
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Fig. 1. The distribution of towns i
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Table 1. Historical data of towns o
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Fig. 3. Findspots of 17th to 19th-c
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Fig. 5. The drawing of the town of
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Fig. 6. The east wall of a mid-18th
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and Šiauliai (1617-1634). Historia
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Table 2. 16th to 20thcentury coins
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Fig. 8. A plate from Joniškis date
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Fig. 10. Parts of pots from the for
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Fig. 15. Glazed cups and a goblet f
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Fig. 17. Fragments of 18th-century
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Fig. 21. An iron awl, a needle, and
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at the beginning of the 17th centur
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Ernestas Vasiliauskas Faculty of Hu
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IV. LIFESTYLE IN TOWNS, PALACES AND
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Fig. 1. A map of the lands of the G
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The Mongol ‘happiness-knot’, of
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Eglė Zaveckienė National Museum T
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Fig. 1. A reconstruction of the Vil
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The location of churches in the Civ
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Fig. 4. Vilnius in the second and t
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Fig. 5. The locations of the Church
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Fig. 7. The location of the Church
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Fig. 10. The location of the Holy M
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Fig. 12. The location of the Church
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tiushkov locate it exactly where th
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Ataskaita (unpublished excavation r
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LITHUANIA`S ROOTS IN THE POTTERY OF
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and represent several different tra
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Fig. 3. Mugs from the New Jerusalem
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Fig. 5. Tableware: 1 from the New J
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a large variety of colourful glazes
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Fig. 8. Fragments of plates: 1 from
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Practical economy does not usually
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THE LUXURY LIFESTYLE IN THE NURMUI
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galvis 1995, p.27), so that in the
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Luxury lifestyle artefacts on the N
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Literature BLOMBERG, K. J., 1701. A
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Glass Bottles from the 16th Century
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Animal Breeding and Butchering: a G
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The Footwear of Klaipėda Dwellers
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Everyday Pottery from Klaipėda Cas
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Everyday Pottery from Klaipėda Cas
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Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
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Plates II 1 2 Plate II ErnEsTAs VAs
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Plates IV Plate IV ErnEsTAs VAsiliA
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Plates VI 1 2 Plate VI INDRĖ ŠIMK
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Plates VIII 1 3.1 3.2 Plate VIII R
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