THE STRONG PERFECTS IN THE ROMANCE ... - Page ON

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other hand -i and -it for -ii, -iit are not unusual; as an early example, a Christian inscription (M. & T.) has trasit. As the accent was presumably on the first syllable, forms like peri, perit would approximate the ordinary -i perfect (and perit would be indistinguishable from the present), and so it is that we have obuit for obit, and also obuerunt, while the Romance languages point to other -ui perfects in this class. In a third category, distinct from those verbs which have either an unmarked pefect stem or one marked by the addition of u or s, are the reduplicating perfects, which could re-form in any of those three ways — with -ui, -si or just -i added to the present stem; so we have here the new forms canuit, canuerit/canerit, currit, currerit, curristi, currisset, currimus, currerunt, currere/accursit, incurserit (Dardel also gives corruerunt, but this surely belongs to the verb corruere; however, it is quite conceivable that corrui came to be felt as a -ui perfect of currere, with corrutus as a p.p.), parcui/parsi, fallit/falierit, tuli/abstoli/tulli/tolli (but cf. offersi for obtuli), repulerit/repelluit/repellerant/repulsi, pulserat, expulsisse/expuluerit, adpulserit/appulluerit, compulseris, perculsi, reculsi, poscuerit, tegeris/tanxi, adtinxit/tangit, contingent, adtingerit/ continguisse (some only show -si forms, as panxi, inpinxerit, punxi, pu(n)xeris etc.). Then there are the verbs with a lengthened vowel in the perfect, which may add -ui or -si to either the perfect or the present stem, or use the plain present stem; these are deguerit/coguit/coxerunt/agerit, agerunt, legueris/lexerit/collexet (Lex Rom. Utin.), collexerat, colleximus, collexistis etc./elexit/neglegerit, neglegisset, diligeritis, dirrupuerunt, corrupuerit, erupuit, prorupuerunt/erumperunt, praerumperit, rumpisti, corrumpimus/rupsi (Bour., §91), dirempsi, convicuit/convincuit/ 14
vincisti, convincerunt, confringeram, capui(t), capuerunt, capuisset, fecuit/facerit, iacui/adicerit, convenuit, subvenuit, venuerit (Lex Sal. — surprising in view of Fr. vin(g), unless this reflects *vēnui; see the dial. forms in 6c), Catalan Lat. residui (R.-G.). We may also add here derelinquit, derelinqueris, delinquerunt, relinquerit, relinquerunt. Dardel notes that there is a distinct dearth of forms that lost their -s- with which to support his thesis, some of them clearly re-formed on the present stem; among examples quoted are coniungerint, viverit, both in Gregory of Tours, and extruderit in the Lex Sal. See §§17, 24.) Finally there are the verbs which had no distinguishing mark for the perfect stem, which may also add -ui: convertuit, avertuit (also versisse), bibuit, pinsuit, lambuit, lambuerunt. For some of these verbs only variant -si forms are found, as in the case of vulsi and its compounds beside velli, and versi for verri. (The perfects formed by the addition of -sui will be discussed later, §13.) It will be seen that these verbs provide excellent examples of variant perfect forms, though again without any indication of any special distribution among the parts of the verb. However, unfortunately for our purposes, very few of these verbs survived into the daughter languages, though those that have are important. All we can say, on the evidence of the late Latin forms, is that the variety of forms might conceivably have led to a situation where certain forms had certain functions assigned to them. As far as the creation of the new forms goes, verbs with past participles in -sus were likely to create -si perfects, while those with -tus might do so if there were similar models to follow (panxi–pa(n)ctus, punxi–punctus as iunxi–iunctus, collexi–collectus as neglexi–neglectus, and conversely neglēgi as collēgi), or might turn to -ui on the model of tenui–tentus, docui–doctus. It is also to be noted that past participles in 15
Page 1 and 2: THE STRONG PERFECTS IN THE ROMANCE
Page 3 and 4: paradigm — a very curious and, on
Page 5 and 6: according to the perfect stem, and
Page 7 and 8: the same one as is seen in the old
Page 9 and 10: described as “long by position”
Page 11 and 12: seized on a point of truth, but the
Page 13: (de)sinuerit, desinuisse, disserui
Page 17 and 18: 6. The verbs with -ēre infinitives
Page 19 and 20: alternation in Italian after we hav
Page 21 and 22: like portai, portas etc. with p.p.
Page 23 and 24: The -lēre verbs basically have wea
Page 25 and 26: (see §§12, 31). Also, as we have
Page 27 and 28: aguem, aguetz, agron, and similarly
Page 29 and 30: verbs, a comparison with Catalan be
Page 31 and 32: next line), while a document from t
Page 33 and 34: other hand, given the antiquity of
Page 35 and 36: apparent when we study other classe
Page 37 and 38: áp(p)idu, déppidu, bénnidu/benn
Page 39 and 40: also has an inf. creher (B.-M., 153
Page 41 and 42: 1 creí, 2 creiste, 3 creyó (credi
Page 43 and 44: seems to me the -tt- might be a sou
Page 45 and 46: eminiscent of that with parec, corr
Page 47 and 48: pareü, coreü and Prov., Cat. pare
Page 49 and 50: in other perfects, though we cannot
Page 51 and 52: -mut, with a Lat. infremuerit, and
Page 53 and 54: antscheiver < incipere), retschet (
Page 55 and 56: survived, and even one more, *rumps
Page 57 and 58: older language, and the change of t
Page 59 and 60: underwent the same development), na
Page 61 and 62: tesquei/teissei, tescut/teissut/tes
Page 63 and 64: Portuguese (if we suppose It. nacqu
Page 65 and 66:
How vivere was attracted to this -s
Page 67 and 68:
of Tours (6th c.), nor are there an
Page 69 and 70:
from *exvellere, evidently popular,
Page 71 and 72:
the Romance languages with two stem
Page 73 and 74:
cloert ‘closed’ (a good example
Page 75 and 76:
verbs), and the confusion began wit
Page 77:
were limited to the arrhizotonic on
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