THE STRONG PERFECTS IN THE ROMANCE ... - Page ON

forms, as we see, there are new formations with s. These weak forms may
be compared with some North Italian forms, for example the 1st persons
wleck, tascheg in OEngad. with Bergamasque avec, savec (could this -eck,
-eg come from secondary palatalisation of *-edi — cf. launguaick
‘language’, -egiar/-ager < *-idiare ?). The modern language forms the
perfect with the use of -ett, as avett, taschett, savett, which will be
discussed later. The OEngad. paradigm of avair, if we extrapolate from the
forms of other verbs, was probably 1 *haveck, 2 havist/havest, 3 havet, 4
havischen/havesschen, 5 havisches, 6 hawenn (aven)/havetten, so that it
looks as if the -ett started with the 3rd person (from *-edit ?). Modern
Sursilvan has no perfect, but the older language has 1 pudí, 6 rumanenan
(from another class of verb). The only forms still found in both groups of
Swiss dialects, as also in the old languages, are those of the imperf. subj.,
and here we have (a)vess (Friul. havès), podess/pudess (Friul. podès),
less/vuless (Friul. volès), dovess/duvess, savess, tgness/tagness,
(ve)gniss/vigness/vagness etc. It will be seen that these forms agree with
those of Italian rather than French (except, perhaps, EFr.) or Provençal, so
we may be justified, with Dardel, in tracing them back to Lat. *habisti,
*volisti etc., and saying that the Italian pattern spread to this neighbouring
territory. The past participles go back to *-ūtus, with the palatalised stem
where this occurs, as, for example, in Friul. tignut, vignut/ve-,
j) Sardinian. Here we have many strong rhizotonic forms attested,
as OSard. 1 appi/api, 3 appit/apit, 4 appimus/apperus, 6 apperunt; potti,
potuit, potterun, potirunt (perhaps accented on the i); tenni, tennit; benni,
bennit/venit (perhaps Latinised; Mon. No. 10, i), bennerunt/vennerun;
paruit; bolvit/voluerun; jaquet; piaqui. There are also some new s-forms, as
parsit, tensit, bolsi (Dar., p. 165). Other forms can be inferred from the past
participles, which are formed, amongst other things, on the perfect stem, as
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