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this event, Paris, son of the Trojan king, decided which of the three goddesses, namely Venus, Minerva, and Juno, were the fairest. Each goddess bribed him with gifts in hopes of being selected. Paris chose Venus, who in turn offered to help him kidnap the most beautiful woman, Helen, so he could marry her. Juno, severely offended by Paris’ decision, became hostile towards the Trojans and vowed to support their opponents, the Greeks, in the Trojan War. Her hostility, though, did not end with the destruction of Troy. She even tormented Aeneas, the son of Venus, and his Trojan companions as they fled Troy to establish Rome. As a result of Juno’s enmity, Aeneas and his fellow Trojans underwent a protracted, laborious voyage to reach their destination. Book 1 of the Aeneid begins with the image of a wrathful Juno: “The poem opens with her anger seething and ready to erupt in dreadful violence.” 1 Her irritation originates from the aforementioned judgment of Paris, her husband’s abduction of Ganymede, a Trojan prince, for a homosexual affair, 2 and her acknowledgment that the Trojan descendants are destined 1 Lee Fratantuono, Madness Unchained: A Reading Of Virgil’s Aeneid (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2007), 3. 2 Fratantuono (2007) 3. 52
to pillage her most cherished city, Carthage. These three things perturb her immensely: “The causes of her anger and cruel pains had not yet even perished from her mind: [the judgment of Paris and Jupiter’s affair with Ganymede] remain deep in her mind” (necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores exciderant animo: manet alta mente, 1.25-26). Though these events happened a while ago, Juno still dwells on them, as indicated in the words necdum etiam exciderant. The present tense of manet suggests that she is mentally clinging onto the past, while the placement of alta in between manet and mente may show that her anger is embedded deeply in her mind. She has a vivid memory of all the Trojans’ offenses, which causes her anger to flare up against them. In addition to the past, she also fears for the future sack of Carthage by the Trojan descendants. “Enraged by [the thought of Paris’ judgment, Ganymede’s abduction, and future sack of Carthage]” (his accensa super, 1. 29), she “kept the Trojans, who have been buffeted on the entire sea, far off from Latium” (iactatos aequore toto Troas… arcebat longe Latio, 1.29- 31). Bearing these three reasons in mind, she takes out her anger on Aeneas. He then becomes a victim of her wrath and suffers “on account of the mindful anger of cruel Juno” (saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram, 1.4). 53
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PARNASSUS _________________________
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Cover art by Allessandra Arduini iv
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By Debbie Chu, 2012 ● Folklore an
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Editor-in-Chief viii
Page 10 and 11: S.O.V. Michael Dunbar, 2015 _______
Page 12 and 13: A View of Law in Ancient Babylon: A
Page 14 and 15: the rule of law. The indecipherable
Page 16 and 17: exemplify the complex nature of Bab
Page 18 and 19: Bibliography Baikley, Nels M., and
Page 20 and 21: Plato’s Legacy: Whether the Repub
Page 22 and 23: as it not only comes after the Repu
Page 24 and 25: The first is that these dialogues a
Page 26 and 27: presented in “one session of a fe
Page 28 and 29: have labored to see if there is som
Page 30 and 31: theory. In this new metaphysical do
Page 32 and 33: conclusion on the questions raised,
Page 34 and 35: Socratics as well as contemporaries
Page 36 and 37: at hand. In the case at hand the tw
Page 38: Bibliography Brann, Eva. The Music
Page 41 and 42: Euripides’s Bacchae in Aeneid Boo
Page 43 and 44: Pentheus into going out alone to sp
Page 45 and 46: with the “traditionally Dionysiac
Page 47 and 48: covered spears” (pampineas… has
Page 49 and 50: the queen herself, after all, is th
Page 51 and 52: city like a “follower of Bacchus
Page 53 and 54: appear and call on him. Juno does n
Page 55 and 56: As a result, Allecto’s involvemen
Page 57 and 58: Aeneid: Vergil himself called the s
Page 59: Transference of Rage from Juno to A
Page 63 and 64: fury. He is “exiled by fate” (f
Page 65 and 66: Aeneas takes an active role in the
Page 67 and 68: cannot tolerate the idea of the two
Page 69 and 70: establish a city in Latium. Nothing
Page 71 and 72: attlefield, fighting on behalf of T
Page 73 and 74: of Aeneas’ final question, eripia
Page 75 and 76: perflant…ruunt creberque procelli
Page 77 and 78: Bibliography Feeney, D.C. “The Re
Page 79 and 80: Folklore and Superstition in Petron
Page 81 and 82: crossing over the threshold, “one
Page 83 and 84: evident to even the most imprudent
Page 85 and 86: particular laughs “to the point o
Page 87 and 88: crowded city of Rome. Furthermore,
Page 89 and 90: concludes that “others can see wh
Page 91 and 92: she punishes him with either a spel
Page 93 and 94: fire, water was poured under the ta
Page 96 and 97: Bibliography Leverett, R.P. Lexicon
Page 98 and 99: The Complexities of Surviving Under
Page 100 and 101: connotations of the word in a parti
Page 102 and 103: denoting Republican values, it beco
Page 104 and 105: etween the different uses of virtus
Page 106 and 107: great states, ignorance of what is
Page 108 and 109: Likewise, Tacitus uses the word vir
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Tacitus does not use the word virtu
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(Pater illi Iulius Graecinus senato
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ultimately of more help to the stat
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of Rome, and even in Rome itself, i
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Continued reflection on Tacitus’s
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Disordering Freedom: The Relation b
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decline of eloquence, but also of f
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(37.6), by the lack of which both e
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freedom of speech because, it seems
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e moderating his point. His recent
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y pairs, with ensuing comparison of
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mentioned disloyalty and to become
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whatever “new things” (Ann. I.5
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Bibliography Daitz, Stephen. “Tac
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constructed by previous writers and
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the coast of Sicily. Silius makes i
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whereas Silius achieves a similar e
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oth poets whom Rome naturally subsu
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Greece and Rome on the French Stage
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establishes a human’s moral fault
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from the protagonist’s flaws. Suc
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The will of the divine and personal
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Andromaque Racine’s Andromaque, p
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Christian audience than with an anc
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Racine’s, is the relationship bet
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comes from St. Augustine. 12 All of
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leave, what furious looks he gave m
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moment of mercifulness toward Agrip
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duty, I want you to know that, to d
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against both their inclinations”
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of the most important influences on
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Suetonius. Life of Titus. Translate
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