ANATOMY 1 Name of the Department: Department ... - Biomeedikum

ANATOMY 

Name of the Department: Department of Anatomy 

Head of the Department: Docent Helle Tapfer 

Name of Chair: Anatomy 

Head of the Chair: Docent Helle Tapfer 

Subject codes: ARAN.01.003; ARAN.01.008; ARAN.01.014; 

ARAN.01.015; ARAN.01.016; ARAN.01.017 

ARAN.01.018 

I. CONTENT OF THE TEACHING 

1. Describe shortly the main study and student evaluation methods applied at 

the department. 

The primary aim of anatomy is to give the medical students an entire picture of 

a human body structure, to create three-dimension imagination of the organs, 

tissues and their relationships, to arouse the students’ interest in clinical problems. 

Anatomy as a basic science of all biomedical disciplines acknowledges 

the historical significance of anatomical disciplines and at the same time updates 

modern and future perspective in basic and applied anatomy. 

Systematic and topographic anatomy is taught in amount of 8,5 CP by means 

of lectures and practical works. In the first semester systematic anatomy 

takes 1 hour lecture and 6 hours practical works per week, in the second semester 

1 h lecture and 5 h practical works in the field of topographical anatomy 

- dissection course of corpses and neuroanatomy. Clinical anatomy is 

taught in the third academic year in amount 3 CP. (1CP - 40 hours). The individual 

control assessment methods are applied at the end of the organsystem 

(written and practical test) and at the end of the second semester - examination 

(written and practical test). Main objectives are: 

• to teach the structure of the human body on the level of macro- and microscopic 

anatomy in connection with the problems of regional and clinical 

anatomy; 

• to associate the teaching of anatomy with the newest achievements of 

modern science; 

• to convey high moral and ethical convictions to the students in their attitude 

towards the teaching devices of anatomy; 

• to regard the course of dissection as the priority in teaching anatomy due to 

its being the most important means in mastering a three dimensional imagination 

of the body and practical skills; 

• to wake the students’ interest in future fields of medicine 

2. How have the aims and objectives described in the curriculum changed 

during the past five years? 

• Major changes undertaken in the new curricula, reduced the number of 

teaching of systematic anatomy and laid the accent on the dissection 

course - the topographical anatomy and clinical aspects of teaching. 

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SECTION I: SELF-EVALUATION 

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• The teaching of systematic and topographic anatomy has been rearranged, 

transferred from semester 3 to semester 2. The number of lectures decreases 

30 %. 

• New optional subjects in the field of preparation, embryological-developmental 

anatomy and malformations in amount of 3CP are offered. 

• Integration in anatomy and histology teaching is increased and the subjects 

end with the final joint examination in the subject block Anatomy and Histology 

3. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching in your department. 

Strengths 

• New Biomedical building with the modern equipment for teaching and scientific 

work. 

• Modern teaching process with all the multimedia possibilities as well as illustrated 

issues of anatomy in Estonian, high level of methodical work for 

Estonian and foreign students 

• The strength of teaching staff, whose members are highly valued because 

of their great length of service and experience in the field of anatomy: 3 

from 7 teachers have achieved a medical degree in anatomy, 2 of assistants 

are acquiring the degree of doctor- and have passed the examinations 

of doctorate. 

• The positive feedback from the students and participation in the practical 

works and lectures, great interest in anatomy and especially in the dissection 

course. Students evaluate highly the dissection course as the basic and 

main method of learning anatomy, mastering the practical skills. Department 

of anatomy, having 300-year-old traditions in this field and being the 

inheritor of the famous Rauber´s school of anatomy never gave up the dissection 

course. 

• The Rauber Museum of Human Body Exposition, established in 1895, has 

met generally wide appreciation and fame as well as offeres great help in 

studying of anatomy. 

• Research is carried out on the levels of macroanatomy as well as microanatomy 

and cellular level with integration of the clinical problems which 

supplements the teaching and motivates the students to choose the right 

priorities for future. 

• The teaching of anatomy is co-ordinated with the Centre of Anthropology. 

• New optional courses in the field of anatomy which offer the possibility for 

additional preparation - joints, face, brain and development anatomy are introduced 

and turned out to be very popular. 

• For each lecture students receive materials in Estonian and English languages, 

with the illustrations and official terminology (N.A.). These issues 

serve the students and clinicians throughout their working years. 

• Severe individual control has to be carried out after every organ-system 

study - by means of preliminary examination.


Weaknesses 

• Limited time in the curriculum in relation to the extent of the material. 

• Some difficulties to integrate all the morphological disciplines histology, 

systematical anatomy and topographical anatomy in chronological order 

in a too short time (first year). 

4. Describe the innovations in your teaching. 

• Innovation of teaching process has become possible mainly with using all 

possibilities of multimedia. 

• The multimedia projectors for lectures and practical works. 

• Using the CD-ROM based interactive learning. 

• With the modern equipment in the new biomedicum building new health 

protecting equipment in the dissection process has been applied - preparation 

tables with ventilation, modern and more toxic solutions for cadavers 

embalm etc. 

• Collection of confidential data for donation has been created. 

5. Name the factors which most disturb teaching (excluding financial resources). 

Limited time in relation to the great extent of material to be studied. A freshman 

must learn the whole anatomical and histological terminology, thousand 

of new Latin words which will serve him through his entire medical study and 

future career. 

Freshmen need more emphasises on self-regulation of learning, the independent 

learning has to be organised more constructively, they are not able to 

use textbooks in foreign languages. 

The textbooks of anatomy are not available for everyone in university library 

due to small editions. 

II. EVALUATION OF TEACHING 

6. How is the quality of teaching in your department evaluated? How are the 

content and the modes of the teaching changed on the basis of the evaluation? 

The good atmosphere between the teachers and students has always been 

there which allows good and direct feedback during and after the lectures and 

practical works. Anonymous questionnaire organised by the University, medical 

faculty and students’ level, evaluating the teaching and teachers. 

The change of the content and the modes of the teaching on the basis of the 

evaluation. 

The evaluation has helped us immediately to react to the needs and improve 

the work. Arrange our teaching program on the level of our possibilities. During 

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the last 5 years we have made great changes in order to modernise the content 

and modes of teaching. The main changes were increase the importance 

of practical works and clinical integration, critical comments and suggestions 

of students have been discussed in staff meetings and improvements have 

been considered. 

III. PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING OF STAFF 

7. How many of the teachers have received pedagogical training? 

All teachers in the department of anatomy have received practical and pedagogical 

training, senior staff has 20-38 years experience, the youngest - at 

least 10 years. The senior teachers and head of the department have received 

pedagogical training in advanced courses (1-2 months) in the departments of 

anatomy of Moscow I and II Institute 1977, 1978; Moscow Institute of Stomatology 

1973; Moscow General Institute of Physical Culture 1981. The younger 

teachers have attended special pedagogical courses at the University of Tartu 

1999. 

8. Is there a need for further pedagogical training? 

The pedagogical training is necessary to keep up with the times, we suggest 

to the younger staff to attend regular courses of pedagogical training organised 

by University of Tartu. 

IV. TEACHING RESOURCES 

9. Is there a need for rearrangement of the teaching resources in your department? 

If so, how should this be done? 

The teaching staff consists of 7 persons. The senior teaching staff includes 3 

assistant professors who have a degree in medicine, obtained in the field of 

anatomy with the length of service at the university 20-38 years. 

Three assistants have worked more than 10 years in the field of anatomy, 2 

of them have passed the doctors exams and are now acquiring the Ph.D. degree. 

There are some problems with the future generation - the interest arose in 

the students to solve clinically oriented anatomical problems in the same time 

takes them away from the theoretical departments to accomplish their mission 

in clinics, so the students are not motivated to return to the preclinic work. 

V. COORDINATION OF THE TEACHING 

10. How is the teaching co-ordinated with other departments? Indicate the departments 

that are closest to your department. 

Co-ordination of teaching is the main priority of the Department of Anatomy.


To continue the integration of the subject of systematic and topographic anatomy 

with histology, anthropology and clinical anatomy in our department in 

time and content and between the other departments which are the closest 

subjects to morphology - physiology, pathological anatomy, phatological 

physiology, general and molecular biology and biochemistry. 

To develop co-operation with the University Clinics and foreign partners. This 

process has already begun in the field of traumatology and ortopaedics (Tartu 

University Clinic, Medical University Lübeck) and reproductive system (Turku 

University). 

VI. FUTURE PLANS 

11. Future plans to improve the teaching given by the department. 

• To renew and digitalise all the illustration materials for lectures and practical 

works, complement and improve slide collections. 

• Continuously adapt the teaching process to be in accordance with progress 

of sciences. 

• To enlarge the international medical students admittance to the Department 

of Anatomy. 

• To continue and enlarge the amount of hours of dissection course and region 

of cadaver per student - as the basic study of anatomy. 

• To plan compose a new systematic anatomy book in the Estonian language 

according to the international standards. 

• To continue to publish brief concepts at the end of lectures on the problem. 

• To supplement the collection of the Rauber museum of anatomy. 

• To continue the retraining of laboratory staff as the main priority in research 

work. 

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Name of Department: Department of Anatomy 

Head of the Department: Docent Helle Tapfer 

Name of the Chair: Histology 

Head of the Chair: Docent Andres Arend 

Subject codes: ARAN.02.003; ARAN.02.008; ARAN.02.009; 

ARAN.02.010; ARAN.02.016; ARAN.02.014 




Primary aims of the course are to lead the students to understand microscopic 

structure of cells, tissues, and organs and to correlate structure to function. 

Main objectives are: 

• to familiarise students with methods applied in histology; 

• to give experience of microscopy; 

• to explain the interpretation of tissue sections of histological slides; 

• to learn the cell structure; 

• to give the overview of basic structure of four main tissues: epithelial tissue, 

connective/supportive tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue; 

• to learn the stages of human embryonal development; 

• to learn the microscopic anatomy of all organ systems. 

Histology is taught by means of lectures and practical classes. In the first 

semester 1-hour lecture and 2 hours of practicals per week are held, in the 

second semester 2 hours of lectures and 3 hours of practicals per week take 

place. During the practicals students have to master 107 histological slides. 

Histology is taught in amount of 5 credit points (CP), 2 CP as General Histology 

and Human Embryology in the subject block Medical Biology I and 3 CP 

as Histology in the subject block Anatomy and Histology. One credit point 

equals to 40 hours, thus the overall hours of the obligatory part of histology is 

200, as the number of classroom hours yielding one CP is 24 it makes 120 

hours of active classroom work in histology. 

Assessment methods are written tests throughout both semesters, preliminary 

examination after the first semester and the final examination at the end 

of the second semester. 

Additionally, Chair of Histology offers elective courses: Immunohistology, 0,5 

CP; Histological techniques, 0,5 CP; Early stages of human development, 1 

CP; Morphology of oral cavity and teeth, 0,5 CP. 



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During the past five years new curriculum has been implemented resulting in 

significant changes in teaching of histology. Compulsory part of histology has


been reduced from 6 CP to 5 CP. In the previous curriculum histology was 

taught as a separate subject during the second and third semester, in the new 

curriculum the teaching period has been shifted to the first and second semester 

and the subject is integrated into two subject blocks: general histology 

in Medical Biology I and special histology in Anatomy and Histology. 

Major changes undertaken in the new curriculum: 

• the traditional elementary course of general embryology has been given up; 

• teaching of human embryology is re-arranged in the form of elective subject 

(Early stages of human embryonal development); 

• cytology part is reorganized in co-ordinated manner with the subject Biology. 

Modern cell biology is a part of the subject Biology, while in histology 

necessary cytological details are studied together with tissues and organs; 

• number of lectures has been decreased 25%; 

• format of the examination has been changed from the oral to written form 

and it forms a part of the final examination in the subject block Anatomy and 

Histology. 

• special histology (microscopic anatomy) is taught in more co-ordinated 

manner with anatomy; 

• number of new elective subjects has been introduced. 


Strengths 

Strengths of histology teaching involve: 

• modern teaching facilities combined with large demonstration collection of 

histological slides collected throughout the decades; 

• the relatively large number of hours for students' practical works; 

• availability of histology textbooks in Estonian. 

Weaknesses 

Weaknesses in histology teaching concern: 

• histology teaching should be more related to elementary pathology, i.e. 

where appropriate normal histology must give more introductory examples 

of histopathology; 

• although teaching of special histology (microscopic anatomy) is coordinated 

with anatomy it should be organized in a more comprehensive 

manner; 

• limited number of teaching staff. 


Innovations concern computerization of the teaching process in histology: 

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• creation of computer-based original aid materials for practicals based on 

the same histological slides the students are studying; 

• use of multimedia projectors for practicals and for lectures; 

• original CD-ROM-based program for guiding students during individual work 

with histological slides is in process. 


• too large groups of students for practical works due to the shortage of 

rooms for practicals in the new Biomedicum; 

• difficulties in planning practicals in the fall semester in the new Biomedicum 

as according to the new curriculum fall semester, compared to the spring 

semester, is significantly more filled up by different courses; 

• complications in finding suitable time for the electives as the students' 

timetable is booked up with compulsory subjects to at least 17.00; 

• although there is a number of histology textbooks available in Estonian they 

do not cover the whole subject area; 

• shortage of English textbooks at the University Library. 


6. How is the quality of the teaching in your department evaluated? How are 

the content and the modes of the teaching changed on the basis of the 

evaluation? 

A questionnaire-base student evaluation has been carried out at the end of the 

lecture course organized at the Faculty level and by the Estonian Medical Students' 

Association. The given comments and suggestions are taken in consideration 

by the lecturers. 

The teaching staff has periodical meetings where current situation in teaching 

is analyzed; the most important meeting is after the final examination. 

Changes in the teaching process are made according to these analyses and 

according to the students' feedback. 

III. PEDAGOGIC TRAINING OF STAFF 

7. How many of the teachers have received pedagogic training? 

All teachers have passed some short courses of university pedagogic. 

8. Is there a need for further pedagogic training? 

Additional pedagogical training is beneficial.





Histology teaching staff has in moment 3,5 positions - two assistant professors 

(docents), one full-time assistant and one half-time assistant. There is an urgent 

need to convert the existing half-time assistant position to the full time 

position. 




Teaching of general histology and human embryology is co-ordinated with the 

subject Biology (Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Chair of 

Human Biology and Genetics) in the subject block Medical Biology I and special 

histology (microscopic anatomy) with the subject anatomy (Department of 

Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy) in the subject block Anatomy and Histology. 

Closest to the Chair of Histology, beside the Chairs of Anatomy and Surgical 

Anatomy, are the Department of General and Molecular Pathology (Chair of 

Human Biology and Genetics) and the Department of Pathological Anatomy 

and Forensic Medicine (Chair of Pathological Anatomy). 



Plans for the future changes aim: 

• to renew students' slide collections; 

• to complete the computer-based learning program for the students' individual 

work with histological slides; 

• to compose new histology textbooks in Estonian; 

• to further integrate histology teaching with human biology and anatomy in 

terms of the time-schedule and the subjects' content. 

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SECTION I: APPENDIXIES 

Anatomy: resource evaluation 

1. Study materials 

- How many study books are published in your institution during last five years? 4 

- Do you have separate room as library in your place? Yes No 

- Could students borrow study books from your institution? Yes No 

- Do you have on-line published study materials for students? Yes No 

- WWW address: ana@ut.ee 

- Does University library has enough modern books in your speciality? 

Completely enough Enough Scarcely Absolutely scarcely No 

2. Amount and size of study rooms 

- Rooms used by Your institution only: 5 rooms with area of 280 m 2 

- Rooms shared with another institution: 2 rooms with area of 100 m 2 

- Do You have enough space for study process by Your opinion? 

Completely enough Enough Scarce Absolutely scarcely 

- How the scarce of space should be handled or changed? 

New building Change to smaller student groups Better logistics 

Other way (describe shortly) 

3. Current situation of study rooms 

- There has been repairments in last years (except Biomedicum) 

- How are the study rooms lightened? 

Very good Good Some darkness Absolutely dark for study 

- Evaluation of general conditions: Very good Good Satisfactory Bad 

4. Your institution has 

a) 4 (how many?) auditorium(s) for workshops/seminars with 24 places, equipped with 

10 

Blackboard 

White board & markers 

Screen 

Overhead projector 

Data projector 

Slide projector 

b) 1 (how many?) laboratories for practicals with 24 places, equipped with 

Blackboard 

White board and markers 

Screen 



Slide projection kit 

TV/Video projection set 

Computer 

Internet connection 

TV/Video projection kit 

Computer 


5. Working rooms for teaching staff and postgraduate students: 

- Number of teaching staff 13 

- Number of rooms for staff 8 

- Number of individual working places 14, among them with computers 7 

- Number of postgraduate students is 2 

- How many individual working places they have? 2 

- How many computers they have? 1 

6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): Practical works in anatomy take 

place in two dissection halls-area of 150 m2,with 8 preparationtables,removable, 

transportable equipment,hydraulic body lifters,special accessories-light sources, 

ventilation, refrigeration and conservation equipment

APPENDIX I-I 

Visits of the Department members to other institutions abroad during 1996-2000 


Year Researcher/Lecturer Institution Country Purpose Duration 

1996 Andres Arend, assistant Umea University Sweden Training 2,5 weeks 

1996 Andres Arend, assistant Turu FIN Conference 1 week 

1996 Andres Arend, docent Kaunas Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1996 Helle Tapfer, docent Kaunas Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1996 Ivo Kolts, assistant Jena Germ. Conference 1 week 

1996 Ivo Kolts, assistant Med.University of Lübeck Germ. Training 2 months 

1996 Tambet Orrin, assistant Kaunas Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1997 Andres Arend, docent University of Turku FIN Research, Training 1 week 

1997 Andres Arend, docent University of Umea Sweden Research 1 week 

1997 Ennu Sepp, prof. University of Turku FIN Research, Training 1 week 

1997 Helle Tapfer, docent University of Turku FIN Research, Training 1 week 

1997 Helle Tapfer, docent. Tampere FIN Conference 1 week 

1997 Ülo Hussar, prof University of Turku FIN Research, Training 1 week 

1998 Hannes Tomusk, assistant University of Turku FIN Training 1 week 

1998 Ivo Kolts, docent Med. Univ. of Lübeck Germ. Research 1 week 

1998 Marina Aunapuu, labor. Med. Univ. of Lübeck Germ. Training 1,5 months 

1999 Aade Liigant. Docent Congress of IFAA,Rome ITA Conference, Training 1 week 

1999 Andres Arend, docent 4 Balt-NordicWorkshop NOR Conference 1 week 


1999 Elle Põldoja, assistant Institute of Pathology Germ. Training 1 month 

1999 Hannes Tomusk, assistant University of Turku FIN Lectures 1 week 

1999 Helle Tapfer, docent Congress of IFAA,Rome ITA Conference, Training 1 week 

1999 Ivo Kolts, docent Congress of IFAA,Rome ITA Conference, Training 1 week 

1999 Ivo Kolts, docent Med. Univ. of Lübeck Germ. Research 2 months 

1999 Kersti Kokk, assistant NAFA FIN Conference 1 week 

1999 Kersti Kokk, assistant University of Turku FIN Research 1 month 

1999 Marina Aunapuu, labor. 4 Balt-NordicWorkshop NOR Conference 1 week 

1999 Marina Aunapuu, labor. University of Umea Sweden Conference 1 week 

1999 Marina Aunapuu, labor. University of Tampere FIN Research 2 weeks 

1999 Piret Hussar, assistant University of Gunma JAP Training 1 year 

2000 Aade Liigant. Docent Tripartite Meet.Cambridge U.K. Conference, Training 1 week 


2000 Andres Arend, docent Congress of ISP FIN Conference 1 week 

2000 Eve Proovel, labor. Med. Univ. of Lübeck Germ. Training 1 week 

2000 Hannes Tomusk, assistant University of Turku FIN Lectures 1 week 

2000 Helle Tapfer, docent Tripartite Meet.Cambridge U.K. Conference, Training 1 week 

2000 Ivo Kolts, docent Tripartite Meet.Cambridge U.K. Conference, Training 1 week 

2000 Ivo Kolts, docent Med. Univ. of Lübeck Germ. Research 1 month 

2000 Kersti Kokk, assistant University of Turku FIN Research 1,5 months 

2000 Marina Aunapuu, labor. Tripartite Meet.Cambridge U.K. Conference 1 week 

2000 Marina Aunapuu, labor. Veterinary Conf Ukraine Conference 1 week 

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SECTION I: APPENDIXES 

APPENDIX I-II 

Postgraduate students at the Department having studied abroad during 1996-2000 

Year Name Institution Contry Duration 

1999 Piret Hussar University of Gunma Japan 1 year 

1999 Kersti Kokk University of Turku FIN 4 week 

2000 Kersti Kokk University of Turku FIN 6 week 

APPENDIX I-III 

Co-operation with institutions from other countries and participation in international 

research projects during 1996-2000 

Contact person Institution Country Aim of the collaboration 

Assist. Kersti Kokk University of Turku FIN Research 

Assist. Hannes Tomusk University of Turku FIN Teaching 

Docent. Ivo Kolts Med. Univ. of Lübeck GER Research 

Docent Andres Arend University of Umea SWE Research 

APPENDIX I-IV 

Visiting lecturers at the Department during 1996-2000 

Visitor Institution Country Purpose of the Visit 

Prof. Risto Santti University of Turku FIN Research 

Prof. G. Selstam University of Umea SWE Research 

Prof. Lüder Busch Med. Univ.of Lübeck GER Research 

Prof. Ludwig Jonas University of Rostock GER Research 

Aileen Robertson WHO Denmark Conference 

Prof. L.de K.Louw The University of the Free State Republic of South Africa Lecture 

APPENDIX I-V 

Scientific journals available at the Department 

No Name of Journal Version 

1. Anatomical Record paper, online 

2. Anatomy and Embryology paper, online 

3. Cells Tissues Organs paper 

4. Journal of Anatomy paper 

5. Morfologiia paper 

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APPENDIX I-VI 

Publications of the Department members during 1996-2000 

PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS 


1. Arend A, Zilmer M, Zilmer K. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress reparative regeneration 

of the rat liver connective tissue . Natural Antioxidants and Food Quality in Atherosclerosis and 

Cancer Prevention. Cambridge, Royal Soc. of Chem, 1996, 60-66 

2. Pöllänen P, Cooper TG, Kokk K, Saari T, Setchell BP. Microvascular permeability to the F (ab’)2 

fragment of IgG in the male rat reproductive tract at puberty. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 

1997, 32:221-240. 

3. Kaarma H, Salundi U, Thetloff M. Body build structure of neonates. International Journal of Anthropology, 

1997, 12:21-28. 

4. Raidaru G, Ilomets T, Mõttus A, Maser M. Isolation of polysaccharides with antitumor activity from 

Sasa Kurilensis (Fr. et Sar. ). Experimental Oncology, 1997, 20, 4, 34-39. 

5. Orrin T, Roosaar P, Arend A. Sepp E, Hussar Ü. Functional histology of the gastric mucosa in rats 

after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (in Russian). Morphologiia, 1998, 6,63-67. 

6. Hussar Ü, Milenin O, Tünder E, Sillakivi T, Pille A, Hussar P. Resconstructin of cervical oesophagus 

with free revascularized ileal transfer (experimental replacing). Vestnik Hirurgii, 1996, 155, 

5, 10-14. 

7. Tapfer H, Liigant A, Talvik R, Roosaar P, Hussar Ü, Mikelsaar M, Simovart EE. Pathomorphologic 

responses in experimental sepsis. Papers on Anthropology VII, Tartu,1997, 339-350 

8. Kolts I, Tomusk H, Rajavee E. Anatomy of Transverse Humeral Ligament. Papers on Anthropology 

VII, 1997, 191-197 

9. Peterson J, Tapfer H. On anthropological research at the institute of anatomy, University of Tartu, 

at the turn of the century. Papers on Anthropology VII, 1997, 291 - 300 

10. Orrin T, Roosaar P, Arend A, Sepp E. Changes in the number of positively stained parietal and 

chief cells in rat’s gastric fundic glands in the first months after truncal vagotomy. Papers on 

Anthropology VII, 1997, 275-283 

11. Talvik R, Liigant A, Tapfer H, Tamme K, Metsvaht T. Septic shock with disseminated microfoci in 

multiple organs in man. Intensive Care Medicine, 1998, 24, 1, 73-77. 

12. Saluvere K, Peterson J, Saluste L, Koskel S. Systematisation of anthropometric data of 17 year-old 

schoolgirls from Tartu, Estonia. Anthropologische Anzeiger. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart, 1998, 56, 3, 

267-280. 

13. Milenin O, Hussar Ü, Tünder E. Morphometric parameters of ileac revascularized grafts of the 

cervical portion of the oesophagus in dogs. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae,1999,88,29-34. 

14. Kaasik A, Vassiljev V, Põldoja E, Kalda A, Zharkovsky A. Do nuclear condensation or fragmentation 

and DNA fragmentation reflect the mode of neuronal death? NeuroReport, Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, 

1999, 10, 9, 1937-1942 

15. Maiste E, Kaarma H, Thetloff M. On the prospects of multivariate systematization of separate body 

measurements and indices of 15-year-old Estonian schoolgirls. Homo, 1999, 50,1,21-32 

16. Paajanen H. Haapasalo H, Kotilainen E, Aunapuu M, Kettunen J. Proliferation Potential of Human 

Lumbar Disc After Herniation. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 1999,12,1,57-60 

17. Tapfer H, Liigant A, Tamme K, Roosaar P, Põldoja E, Talvik R. Uniformity of pathomorphological 

changes in various organs in response to the experimental sepsis. Papers on Anthropology VIII, 

214-224 

18. Kaarma H, Tiit EM, Vaino K. Model of the newborn´s head. Papers on anthropology VIII, 1999, 49- 

59. 

19. Kaarma H, Volozh O, Kasmel J, Puss K. Applying patients´ height and weight data in epidemiological 

studies. Papers on Anthropology VIII, 1999, 60-64. 

20. Kasmel J. Foundation of the Anthropology Section of the Naturalists´ Society at the Estonian 

Academy of Sciences in 1939. Papers on anthropology VIII, 1999, 65-70. 

21. Lintsi M, Kaarma H, Saluste L. First experience of application of OMRON BF 300 Body Fat monitor 

to members of a Tartu sports club. Papers on Anthropology VIII, 1999, 95-102. 

22. Loolaid K, Loolaid V, Kaarma H, Saluste L. Dietary intake and body structure of girls from secondary 

schools of Tartu. Papers on Anthropology VIII, 1999, 103-108. 

23. Puss K. Predicion of the weight of the foetus and the newborn by ultra-sound measurements. 

Papers on Anthropology VIII, 1999, 167-175. 

24. Kaarma H, Tapfer H, Veldre G, Thetloff M, Saluste L, Peterson J. Some principles to be considered 

when using young women’s anthropometric data. Biology of Sport, Warsaw, 1996,13,2,127-135 

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25. Kaarma H, Saluvere K, Peterson J, Veldre G, Saluste L, Koskel S. Multivariate anthropometric 

classification for secondary school girls. Acta Medica Baltica.1997 1: 33–35. 

26. Kaarma H, Raud J. Application of anthropometric data in obstetrics. Ginecologia Polska,1997, 58: 

37-43 

27. Peterson J, Saluvere K. Systematisation of anthropometric data of 18 year-old girls by a statistical 

model. Biology of Sport,1998, 15, 105 - 112. 

28. Arend A, Zilmer M, Zilmer K, Vihalemm T, Aunapuu M. Administration of alpha-Lipoic Acid 

Overcomes Detrimental Effects of n-3 PUFAs on Wound Healing in Rat. On-line Proceedings of 

the 5 th Internet Congress on Biomedical Sciences’98 at McMaster University, Canada, 1998 

(available from URL: http://www.mcmaster.ca/inabis98/pharmtox/arend0843/index.html). 

29. Kaarma H, Kasmel J, Peterson J, Veldre G, Lintsi M, Saluste L, Loolaid K. Antropologitseski metod 

v meditsine. Biomeditsinskie i biosotsialnõje problemõ integratsionnoi antropologii. Võpusk 3, Tom 

1. Peterburg, 1999, 123-124. 

30. Arend A, Masso R, Masso M, Aunapuu M., Tomusk H. Lipid bodies as intracellular sites of prostaglandin 

formation in the cells of rat liver wound. Fourth Baltic-Nordic Workshop in Veterinary Anatomy. 

Proceedings. Oslo, 1999,11-13 

31. Aunapuu M, Suuroja T, Arend A, Tomusk H. Morphometric study of structural changes in the developing 

rat kidney. Fourth Baltic-Nordic Workshop in Veterinary Anatomy. Proceedings. Oslo, 

1999,17-20 

32. Selstam G, Masso R, Arend A, Masso M, Aunapuu M. Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical 

localization of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in corpus luteum of pregnant and pseudopregnant 

rat. Fourth Baltic-Nordic Workshop in Veterinary Anatomy. Proceedings. Oslo,1999,57-62 

33. Suuroja T, Aunapuu M, Arend A. Surface morphology of porcine and bovine oviduct during oestrus 

cycle. Fourth Baltic-Nordic Workshop in Veterinary Anatomy. Proceedings. Oslo,1999, 65-66 

34. Arend A, Zilmer M, Vihalemm T, Selstam G, Sepp E. Lopoic Acid Prevents Suppressions of 

Connective Tissue Proliferation in the rat liver incluced byn - 3 PUFA-s A pilot study. Annals of 

Nutrition and Metabolism (accepted: Juli 6, 2000) 

35. Orrin T, Roosaar P, Arend A, Sepp E, Hussar Ü. Long - term changer in the rat gastric mucosa 

after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Morphologia, Sankt - Peterburg, 1998, 114, 6, 63 - 67 

36. Veldre G, Jürimäe T, Kaarma H. Relationships between Anthropometric Parameters and Sexual 

Maturation in 12-to 15-Years-Old Estonian Girls Medicine and Sport Science Basel Karger AG, 

2001,44,71-84 

37. Kaarma H, Peterson J, Stamm R, Lintsi M, Kasmel J, Veldre G, Maiste E. Application of anthropometric 

data in medicine, health promotion and physical education. Russian Morphological 

Newsletter, Moscow, Ekspertiza, 2000, 359-360 

38. Lintsi M, Kaarma H, Saluste L, Kirss Ü, Vasar V. Comparisons of body fat assessement derived 

from bioelectrical impedance method and different anthropometric methods in 17-year-old boys. 

Papers on Anthropology IX, Tartu, 2000, 9:88-97 

39. Kaarma H, Stamm R, Veldre G, Kasmel J. Possibilities for classification of anthropometric data of 

16-18-year-old Tartu schoolgirls considering their age and constitutional peculiarities. Papers on 

Anthropology, Tartu, 2000, 9:64-81 

40. Kasmel J. About the student days of the Latvian-American anatomist and anthropologist Prof. 

Jekabs Primanis in Yurjev(Tartu) in 1911-1913. Papers on Anthropology, Tartu, 2000, 9:82-87 

41. Loko J, Lintsi M, Tiits M. Anthropometric profile and strength development in bodybuilders at different 

ages. Papers on Anthropology, Tartu, 2000; 9, 106-116 

42. Kaarma H, Peterson J, Saluste L, Thetloff M, Loolaid V. Centre for physical anthropology at the 

University of Tartu (1993-1998). Acta Medico-historica Rigensia, Riga, 2000; 5 359-360 

43. Kasmel J, Kasmel T. Professor Daniel Georg Balk - the first anthropology lecturer at the reopened 

University of Dorpat(Tartu) in 1802. Acta Medico-historica Rigensia. Riga, 2000; 5, 103-107 

44. Naaber P, Smidt I, Tamme K, Liigant A, Tapfer H, Mikelsaar M, Talvik R. Translocation of indigenous 

microflora in an experimental model of sepsis. J.Med. Microbiol. Vol 49 (2000), 431-439 

45. Tamme K, Liigant A, Tapfer H, Türi E, Mikelsaar M, Talvik R. Multiple organ dissemination of bacteria 

in experimental sepsis. Papers on Anthropology IX, 2000, 234-240 

46. Tamme K, Liigant A, Tapfer H, Talvik R. The value of blood cultures in diagnosing clinical sepsis J. 

International Med Research (accepted) 

47. Kolts I, Busch LC, Tomusk H, Arend A, Eller A, Merila M, Russlies M Anatomy of the coracohumeral 

and coracoglenoidal ligaments. Annals of Anatomt 2000; 182:563-566 

48. Hussar P, Märtson A, Hussar Ü, Haviko T. Posttraumatic endochondral ossification and bone (tibia) 

repair in rats. Ann.Chir. Gynaecol. (submitted). 

49. Hussar Ü, Hussar P, Märtson A, Haviko T. Posttraumatic bone repair in rats. Morfologija, St- 

Peterburg. (submitted). 

14

PAPERS IN ESTONIAN JOURNALS 


1. Hussar Ü, Suuroja T, Lepp E, Tapfer H, Kolts I, Põldoja E, Liigant A., Tomusk H. Formaliini üldintoksikatsiooni 

ja lokaalse termilise kahjustuse järgne põrna regeneratsioon ning selle stimuleerimise 

võimalusi rotil. Eesti Arst, 1996, 6, 493-496 

2. Arend A, Masso R, Masso M. Indomethacin and prostaglandin E1 administration suppress labelled 

amino-acid incorporation into cell from rat regenerating connective tissue: evidence of labelled 

amino-acid incorporation into lipid bodies in cells from the wound area. The III Workshop of the 

Veterinary Medicine Anatomists of the Baltic and Nordic Countries, Papers of the Conference. 

Tartu Estonian Agric. Univ1996, 7-14 

3. Orrin T, Arend A, Sepp E. Indometatsiin ja seedetrakti limaskesta kahjustus. Eesti Arst, 1996, 1, 

60-62 

4. Orrin T, Roosaar P, Arend A, Sepp E. Muutused mao pärisnäärmete rakulises koosseisus 

trunkaalse vagotoomia, indometatsiini ja tsimetidiini korral. Eesti Arst, 1996, 2, 103-105 

5. Roosaar P, Arend A, Orrin T, Sepp E. Prostaglandiin E2 , vagotoomia ja tsimetidiini toime 

6. indometatsiinist kahjustatud mao limaskestale (eksperimentaalne uurimus) . Eesti Arst, Tallinn, 

7. 1996,6, 486-489 

8. Aunapuu M, Suuroja T. Valge roti (WISTAR) neeru histoloogilisest struktuurist. Eesti 

9. Loomaarstlik Ringvaade, 1998, 6, 174 – 176. 

10. Loolaid K, Kaarma H, Loolaid V, Saluste L. 15-16 aastaste keskkoolitüdrukute kehaehitusest ja 

toitumisharjumustest. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat. Tartu, 1998,1,133-137. 

11. Varja J, Kaarma H. Kliinilis-antropomeetriliste andmete seos raseduse ja sünnituse kuluga. Eesti 

Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat, 1998, 1, 16-22. 

12. Kaarma H, Peterson J, Kasmel J, Veldre G, Saluvere K, Saluste L. TÜ Füüsilise antropoloogia keskuse 

viieaastase töö kogemused ja edasised plaanid. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat. 

Tartu, 1998, 1, 23-25. 

13. Lintsi M, Liivamägi J, Aluoja A, Saluste L, Koskel S. Esialgseid tähelepanekuid Tartu gümnaasiumide 

viimase klassi noormeeste temperamendist ja selle variantidest. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri 

Aastaraamat. Tartu, 1998, 1, 57-65. 

14. Peterson J, Liivamägi J, Saluste L, Koskel S. Kehaehitus ja temperament. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri 

Aastaraamat. Tartu, 1998,1,71-77. 

15. Kaarma H, Peterson J, Kasmel J, Veldre G, Saluvere K, Saluste L, Loolaid K. Naise kehastruktuuri 

seaduspärasused ja nende kasutamisvõimalused terviseedenduses ja ravitöös. Eesti Arst, 1998, 

5, 420-422. 

16. Kaarma H, Voloz O, Puss K, Kasmel J, Solodkaja E, Abina J, Kamp R, Goldsteine G. 

17. Mõningate verelipiidide näitajate seos kehaehitusega. Eesti Arst, 1999, 5, 388-390. 

18. Kaarma H. Patsientide toitumisalane nõustamine. Eesti Arstide Liidu Teataja, 1999, 11, 10-11. 

19. Rebase K, Kaalep H, Espe V, Lintsi M, Kaarma H, Lemberg H, Nurmekivi A, Hussar P. Eesti kergejõustiku 

meistrivõistlustel osalenud mees- ja naissportlaste keha rasvasisaldusest. Spordipedagoogika 

Instituudi teadus- ja õppemetoodiliste tööde kogumik VII, Tartu, 1999, 214-230. 

20. Vaino K, Kaarma H, Tiit EM. Estimation of risc factors in connection with the shape and volume of 

the newborns´s head. Folia Baeriana VII, Tartu, 1999, 77-80. 

21. Kasmel J. Loodusuurijate Seltsi antropoloogiasektsiooni asutamisest 1939. Aastal. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri 

aastaraamat, 1999, 12-16. 

22. Lintsi M, Kaarma H, Saluste L. Tartu linna eesti noormeeste-abiturientide antropomeetriliste parameetrite 

prognoosimisest II. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat, 1999, 99-118 

23. Loolaid K, Loolaid V, Kaarma H, Saluste L. Kehaehitus ja toitumine Tartu keskkoolide tütarlastel. 

Eesti Antro-pomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat, 1999, 129-133. 

24. Loolaid V. Kääriku toitumiskursused (1990-1999). Kümme aastat Kääriku toitumiskursusi. Materjalide 

kogumik, Tartu, 1999,7-10 

25. Kaarma H, Saluste L. Kehaehituse andmete kasutamine toitumise uurimisel. Kümme aastat Kääriku 

toitumiskursusi. Materjalide kogumik, Tartu, 1999, 18-22. 

26. Lintsi M, Loolaid V, Kaarma H. Esmane kogemus kooliõpilaste keharasvasisalduse määramisest 

firma OMRON keharasvatestriga. Kümme aastat Kääriku toitumiskursusi. Materjalide kogumik, 

Tartu, 1999, 36-44. 

27. Loolaid K, Loolaid V, Kaarma H, Saluste L. Tartu gümnaasiumide tütarlaste vitamiinide ja mineraalainete 

tarbimine ning kehaehitus. Kümme aastat Kääriku toitumiskursusi. Materjalide kogumik, 

Tartu, 1999, 45-51. 

28. Saluste L, Saluste L, Puss K. Antropomeetrilised mõõtmised Maarjamõisa Polikliinikus. Kümme 

aastat Kääriku toitumiskursusi. Materjalide kogumik, Tartu, 1999, 71-73. 

29. Hussar P, Märtson A, Hussar Ü, Haviko T, Roosaar P, Toom A, Vähi HV. Roti sääreluu posttraumaatilinereparatsioon. 

EestiArst, 2000, 2,68-76. 

15


30. Loime L, Orrin T, Roosaar P, Sepp E. Morphology of liver and pancreas in light microscopy following 

truncal vagotomy. Folia Baeriana, 1999, 7, 116 - 128. 

31. Aunapuu M, Arend A, Suuroja T, Pechter Ü, Gerškevitš E, Marjamägi MM, Ots M, Sepp E Madaladoosilise 

radiatsiooni toime eksperimentaalselt tekitatud glomeruloskleroosile. Pilootuuring. 

Eesti Loomaarstlik Ringvaade, 1999, 25, 6, 139-141. 

32. Aunapuu M, Pechter Ü, Suuroja T, Ots M, Sepp E. Neeru struktuursed muutused 5/6 nefroktoomia 

järgselt. Pilootuuring. Veterinaarmeditsiin 2000, Tartu, 2000, 14-17. 

33. Aunapuu M, Suuroja T, Sepp E, Pechter Ü, Ots M. Ultrastruktuuri muutustest neerukehakestes. 

eesti Loomaarstlik Ringvaade 2000, 5-6, 205-207. 

34. Kolts I, Tomusk H, Raudheiding A. Õlaliigese Hilli-Sachsi tüüpi ebastabiilsuse kliinilis-anatoomilised 

alused. Eesti Arst, Lisa 1, 2000, 21-23 

35. Ilves Annunziata AR., Veldre G, Saluste L, Pitsi T, Süvalep I, Viin L, Vainu J. Ülevaade Eesti väikelaste 

tervise ja toitumise uuringu tulemustest I Väikelaste toitumine ja perede sotsiaalmajanduslik 

olukord. Eesti Arst, 2000,79;3, 142-146 

36. Ilves Annunziata AR, Veldre G, Saluste L, Pitsi T, Süvalep I, Viin L, Vainu J. Ülevaade Eesti väikelaste 

tervise ja toitumise uuringu tulemustest II Väikelaste tervisenäitajad ja kehaline areng Eesti 

Arst 2000,79;7, 389-399 

37. Lintsi M, Kaarma H, Saluste L, Eesti 18-aastaste noormeeste antropomeetriline iseloomustus 

Eesti Arst 2000,79;10, 608-613 

38. Kaarma H, Õun K, Ehrenberg A, Jannus L, TÜ Naistekliiniku statsionaaris viibinute andmebaas 

Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat 2000, Tartu, 2000, 29-31 

39. Kasmel J, Kasmel T, Prof. Juhan Auli esimesest antropoloogia loengukursusest 1940. Aasta 

kevadsemestril Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat 2000, Tartu, 2000, 32-36 

40. Kirss Ü, Õun K, 0-2-aastaste Eesti laste kehakaalu, -pikkuse ja pea ümbermõõdu keskmised 

väärtused ning nende prognoosimise võimalused sünniandmeid kasutades Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri 

Aastaraamat 2000, Tartu, 2000, 37-48 

41. Lintsi M, Kaarma H, Saluste L, Kirss Ü, Vasar V, 17-aastaste noorukite keharasvasisalduse ja 

kehaehitusstruktuuri seostest Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat 2000, Tartu , 2000, 56-68 

42. Õun K, Ülevaade Eesti antropomeetriaregistrist. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri Aastaraamat 2000, 

Tartu, 2000, 170-178 

TEXTBOOK AND MANUALS 

1. Tehver J, Hussar Ü. Meditsiinihistoloogia seletav sõnaraamat, eesti, vene, inglise ja saksa keeles. 

Tartu, TÜ Kirjastus, 1996, 116 lk 

2. Sepp E. Inimese topoanatoomia. 1997, 247 lk. 

3. Tapfer. H. Inimese keha arterid. Tartu, TÜ Kirjastus, 1998, 50 lk. 

4. Kaarma H, Saluste L, Thetloff M, Peterson J, Riive M, Salundi U, Veldre G, Rand J. Body structure 

of nonpregnant and pregnant women and newborns. Study Aid. Tartu, TÜ kirjastus, 1998. 67 lk. 

16

APPENDIX I-VII 

Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Anatomy 


Name Title Load Area Gender Birth year Scientific degree Year of commencement Labour time (y) 

1. Helle Tapfer Docent 1,00 Anatomy Female 1937 Cand.Sci 1970 38 

2. Ennu Sepp Professor 1,00 Regional and clinical anatomy Male 1938 Dr.Sci 1973 36 

3. Aade Liigant Docent 1,00 Anatomy Female 1939 Cand.Sci 1971 36 

4. Ivo Kolts Docent 1,00 Anatomy Male 1957 Ph.D 1993 19 

5. Andres Arend Docent 1,00 Histology Male 1958 Cand.Sci 1986 17 

6. Peeter Roosaar Docent 1,00 Histology Male 1938 Cand.Sci 1982 35 

7. Alla Mõttus Lecturer 1,00 Regional and clinical anatomy Female 1940 Cand.Sci 1974 26 

8. Eleonora Rajavee Assistant 1,00 Anatomy Female 1940 26 

9. Hannes Tomusk Assistant 1,00 Anatomy Male 1954 14 

10. Elle Põldoja Assistant 1,00 Anatomy Female 1963 10 

11. Kersti Kokk Assistant 1,00 Anatomy Female 1964 10 

12. Marge Soom Assistant 1,00 Histology Female 1966 3 

13. Jana Peterson Assistant 1,00 Regional and clinical anatomy Female 1968 1 

14. Piret Hussar Assistant 0,50 Histology Female 1971 10 

15. Liina Pärnsalu Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1968 4 

16. Helle Evi Simovart Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1943 Cand.Sci 1974 5 

17. Agu Raudheiding Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Male 1960 1 

18. Marina Aunapu Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1953 M.Sc 1998 8 

19. Kaia Tohu Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1968 2 

20. Helgi Mutso Technical staff 1,00 Female 1941 6 

21. Eve Proovel Technical staff 1,00 Female 1972 9 

22. Kersti Värton Technical staff 1,00 Female 1953 2 

23. Tõnis Kripson Sr. Preparator 1,00 Male 1949 5 

24. Mare-Ann Tammaru Sr. Preparator 1,00 Female 1949 5 

25. Laila Jaomaa Sr. Preparator 1,00 Female 1970 6 

26. Inna Lass Sr. Preparator 1,00 Female 1973 5 

1 Cand.Sci & Dr.Sci are degrees of the Former Soviet Union which correspond to a Ph.D and Dr.Med, respectively 

17

APPENDIX I-VIII 

Curriculum Vitae of the staff 


TAPFER, HELLE Date of birth: 26. November 1937 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Tamme põik 

35-5, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1957-1962 University of Tartu , Faculty of Medicine 1966- 1969 University 

of Tartu, Postgraduate studentship Academic degrees (with year and university): 1970 University of 

Tartu, Cand.Sci , Dissertation "On the arrangement of intraorganic vessels of the humans Kidney and its correlation 

to the calyco-pelvic system" Employment and professional experience: 1962 - 1966 University of Tartu, 

Institute of Anatomy, Assistant 1966 - 1969 University of Tartu, Institute of Anatomy, PhD student 1969 - 2003 

University of Tartu, Institute of Anatomy, Prof. Assistant Administrative experience: 1995 - University of Tartu, 

Institute of Anatomy, Head of Chair of Anatomy 1998 - University of Tartu, Institute of Anatomy, Head of Institute 

of Anatomy Honours and awards: International gold medals for macroanatomical preparations - Moscow,1982; 

Leipzig, 1983 Medal of anatomists, Prof. A. Rauber, 1991 Medal of Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1997 

Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member of Estonian Society of Morphology Member of 

IFAA Current research program and grants: Research field comprises the macroanatomical problems - 

comparative-anatomical research of Renal Artery and Renal Segmental structure on human´s and different 

mammals (150 cases) variability of the maxillary artery in Estonian population (on the base of dissection material 

of 50 cadavers). The current research - septic shock with disseminated microfoci in multiple organs in man and in 

experiment. H. Tapfer is the autor research publications 75, acknowledged national, international jurnals (10 CC, 

Biosis) and author of 2 handbooks for students of physicians. Estonian Science Foundation, grant No. 4380 

Morphological basis of immunological reaction in clinical and experimental sepsis Supervision of dissertations: 

Ph.D. student Kersti Kokk, research program: "Microvascular permeability of the male reproductive tract. Testicular 

endothelial cells". Publications: 75, per review 10 

KOKK, KRSTI Date of birth: January 15, 1964 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Pohla 6-4, Tartu, 

Estonia Educational history: Diploma license Med. University of Tartu, 29.06.1990 MB-I No 117553 1999 - 

Ph.D. student (2 year) Academic degrees (with year and university): - Employment and professional experience: 

University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy 1990-1993, University of Tartu, Institute of 

Anatomy, laboratory assistant University of Tartu, Institute of anatomy, assistant of anatomy - PhD student Administrative 

experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member 

of the Morfological Society of Estonia Current research program and grants: Ph.D. student research program: 

"Microvascular permeability of the male reproductive tract. Testicular endothelial cells". Grants: 1. CIMO (Centre 

of International Mobility). Finland 2. A. and E. Traks Foundation, USA 3. H. and H. Einpaul´s Foundation, Sweden 

4. Ph.D. student grant - University of Tartu Supervision of dissertations:Prof. assist. Helle Tapfer, University of 

Tartu Prof. assist. Pasi Pöllänen, University of Turku Publications: 6 

LIIGANT, AADE Date of birth: 23.12.1939 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Anne 59-40, Tartu, 

Estonia Educational history: 1958 graduated from Tartu Secondary School No. 5 1958-64 University of Tartu, 

Medical Faculty, therapy Academic degrees (with year and university): 1971 University of Tartu, Cand.Sci Employment 

and professional experience: University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant University of 

Tartu, Department of Anatomy, postgraduate student University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant University 

of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, senior lecturer University of Tartu, Depart. of Anatomy, Assist.Prof. Administrative 

experience: - Honours and awards: International awards for anatomical preparations of lungs and 

kidneys in Tallinn and Moscow (1982) Medal of Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1999 Membership in 

academic and scientific societies: member of Estonian Society of Morphology Current research program and 

grants: Estonian Science Foundation, grant No. 4380 Morphological basis of immunological reaction in clinical 

and experimental sepsis Supervision of dissertations: 1972 Dissertation "Anatomical correlations between lung 

veins and structural units" Publications: 60 

TOMUSK, HANNES Date of birth: 23.05.1954 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Anne 53 -20, Tartu, 

Estonia Educational history: University of Tartu, Diploma licence Med. Academic degrees (with year and university):- 

Employment and professional experience: 1982 - 1986 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, 

senior preparator 1986 - 1990 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, senior technician 1990 - 1995 University 

of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant 1995 - 1996 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, senior 

assistant 1996 - 1999 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant 1999 - University of Tartu, Department 

of Anatomy, assistant Administrative experience:- Honours and awards:- Membership in academic and 

scientific societies: : Member of the Morfological Society of Estonia Current research program and grants: 

Estonian Science Foundation, grant No 4367 Anatomical, clinical and rehabilitational complex research of the 

shoulder region pathologies. Supervision of dissertations:- Publications:18 

KOLTS, IVO Date of birth: 07.February 1957 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Tähe 7-5, 51010 

Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Tallinn Secondary School No.7, 1975 University of Tartu Medical Faculty, 

1975 - 1981 Kiel University Germany, 1990 - 1992 Academic degrees (with year and university): Dr. med. 1993, 

Kiel University Employment and professional experience: University of Tartu, Institute of Anatomy Senior laboratory 

worker 1981 - 1984 Assistant 1984 - 1990 Doctor studies 1990 - 1993 Senior assistant 1994 - 1997 Ass. 

professor 1997 Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific 

19


societies: Morphological Society of Estonia Anatomische Gesellschaft, Germany Current research program 

and grants: Functional anatomy of the locomotor apparatus. Grant: Anatomical, clinical and rehabilitational complex 

research of the shoulder region pathologies. Estonian Science Foundation 2000 - 2003 Environmental research 

Grant: Sonoelectrochemical Analysis of Heavy Metals Collaborative researcher. Wellcome Trust 2001 - 

2003 Supervision of dissertations: University of Tartu, Mati Merila dissertation: Anatomical and biomechanical 

basis for the shoulder joint capsule surgical treatment. Publications: 26 5 publications (Medline, CC) 1 publicated 

Dissertation 20 local publications and international conference abstracts 

RAJAVEE, ELEONORA Date of birth:15 May 1940 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Kaunase pst. 

36-6, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Diploma license Med. University of Tartu, 1968 Academic degrees 

(with year and university): - Employment and professional experience: 1968 - 1971University of Tartu, Department 

of Farmacology, Junior Researcher 1971 - 1974Rebublical Clinical Hospital, Tartu, Transplant. Department, 

physician University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant 1991 - 1996University of Tartu, Department 

of Anatomy, Senior Assistant 1996 - 1997University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, Extraordinary Assistant 

1997 - 2000University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant 2000 - 2003 University of Tartu, Department 

of Anatomy, assistant Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and 

scientific societies: Morphological Society of Estonia Current research program and grants: Estonian 

Science Foundation, grant No. 4367, Anatomical, clinical and rehabilitational complex research of the shoulder 

region pathologies. Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 34 

PÕLDOJA, ELLE Date of birth: 02.01.1963 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Ringtee 3-54, Tartu, 

Estonia Educational history: Diploma license Med., University of Tartu 1990 Academic degrees (with year and 

university): - Employment and professional experience: 1990 - 1991 University of Tartu, Hospital of Maarjamõisa, 

surgery practical work 1991 - 1993 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, research worker 1994 - 

1997 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, senior laboratory assistant 1997 - 2000 University of Tartu, Department 

of Anatomy, assistant 2000 - 2003 University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy, assistant Administrative 

experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member of Baltic-Germany 

Physician Society Morphological Society of Estonia Current research program and grants: Estonian 

Science Foundation, grant No. 4380 Morphological basis of immunological reaction in clinical and 

experimental sepsis Estonian Science Foundation, grant No. 3949, "New perspectives in pharmacology of 

neurodegenerative disorders" Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 8 

SEPP, ENNU Date of birth: November 13, 1938 Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Räni põik 2, Tartu 

50403 Educational history: Higher education, University of Tartu, medicine Academic degrees (with year and 

university): Candidate of Medicine in 1967 Tartu Doctor of Medicine in 1973 "Posttrombophlebitic syndrome and 

its surgical treatment", Tartu Employment and professional experience: 1958-1964 student of the University of 

Tartu (Faculty of medicine); from 1964 until now the assistant, professor and head of the chair of operative surgery 

and topographic anatomy (now surgical anatomy); 1992-1968 head of the Department of Anatomy. Postdoctoral 

research training in Moscow, Novosibirsk, Tallinn, Helsinki, Lund and Turu. Administrative experience: 

1978-1990 Vice-dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu 1979-1986 Member of the Council of 

Scientific Medicine of the Ministry of Public Health of ESSR, 1985-1990 Vice-chairman of the Council of graduating 

the degrees of doctor in the field of surgery at the University of Tartu, 1987-1993 Member of the commission 

of certificating the surgeons at the Ministry of Public Health Honours and awards: National award of the Soviet 

Estonia in 1982 Membership in academic and scientific societies:Member of the Society of Surgious of Germany, 

Member of the society of Flebology of France, Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, Member of 

Tartu Association of Surgeous et Baltic Association of Surgeous . Current research program and grants: Reconstructive 

surgery of vessels, the problems of surgical treatment of the hip, surgical treatment of gastric and 

duodenal ulcers and reparative regeneration of gastric mucosa. Grant of the Estonian Scientific Foundation 

(1998-2001) "Reparative regeneration of gastric and intestinal mucosa in case of vagotomy and Helicobacter pylori 

colonisation." Supervision of dissertations: Alla Mõttus Cand. SCI 1974 UT Publications: 196 

MÕTTUS, ALLA Date of birth: April 06. 1940 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Rebase 7 - 9, Tartu 

Educational history: The First Moskow Institute of Medicine 1957-1963 Academic degrees (with year and university): 

Cand. SCI 1974 UT Employment and professional experience: The Railway Hospital on Sakhalin 

Physician 1963-1966; Emergency in Tallinn Physician 1966-1967; Tartu Ambulance surgeon 1967-1968; The 

Tartu University Faculty of Medicine, aspirant, assistant, dotsent from 1968 Administrative experience: None 

Honours and awards: None Membership in academic and scientific societies: None Current research program 

and grants: None Supervision of dissertations: None Publications: 42 

AREND, ANDRES Date of birth: October 8, 1958 Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Aardlavälja 3, 

Tartu 50112, Estonia Educational history: University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine 1977-1983; postgraduate 

student 1983-1986, University of Tartu Academic degrees (with year and university): Cand.Sci. (medicine), 1986 

(Ph.D.), University of Tartu Employment and professional experience: assistant 1987-88, Department of 

Histology and Embryology of the University of Tartu; lecturer 1989-1991, Department of Histology and 

Embryology of the University of Tartu; docent (assistant professor) since 1991, Department of Anatomy of the 

University of Tartu Administrative experience: Coordinator of foreign relations and international students of the 

Medical Faculty of the University of Tartu 1996-1999; head of the Chair of Histology since 1998 Honours and 

awards: award for the outstanding poster at the 3 rd International Congress of Pathophysiology (Lahti, 1998) 

20


Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member of the Morphological Society of Estonia; member of 

the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists Current research program and grants: a) Factors 

influencing reparative regeneration of the connective tissue; b) Role of eicosanoids in several organs (corpus 

luteum, mucosa of the intestinal tract, wound tissue). Grant from the Estonian Science Foundation: Activity and 

localization of prostaglandin synthases (COX-1 and COX-2) in rat corpus luteum. Supervision of dissertations: 

M. Aunapuu, master of veterinary science, 1998 Publications: 57 

SOOM, MARGE Date of birth: 31.05.1966 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Sangla 44-2, Tartu, 

Estonia Educational history: 1984-1991 University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine Academic degrees (with year 

and university): - Employment and professional experience: 1991-1993 - Central Hospital of Tallinn; physicianintern 

1993-1995 - Policlinic of Lasnamae; physician since 1998 - University of Tartu, Department of Anatomy; 

assistant Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

member of the Morphological Society of Estonia; member of Internatinal Society of Associations of Anatomists 

Current research program and grants: Role of eicosanoids in corpus luteum Supervision of dissertations: 

- Publications: 1 

ROOSAAR, PEETER Date of birth: December 5, 1938 Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Aardla 9a-19, 

Tartu, Estonia Educational history: University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, 1965 Academic degrees (with year 

and university): Cand. Sci. (medicine) 1982 (Ph.D.), University of Tartu Employment and professional experience: 

1965-1977 Central Laboratory of Medicine of the University of Tartu; researcher 1977-1982 Department of 

Histology and Embryology of the University of Tartu; assistant 1982-1988 Department of Histology and Embryology 

of the University of Tartu; senior lecturer since 1988 Department of Histology and Embryology of the University 

of Tartu; docent (assistant professor) Administrative experience: 1967-1972 head of the Sector of Experimental 

Surgery of the Central Laboratory of Medicine of the University of Tartu Honours and awards: 1988 certificate 

of honour from the Ministry of Health of the Estonian SSR Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

Member of the Morphological Society of Estonia; member of International Society of Associations of Anatomists 

Current research program and grants: a) problems of vascular surgery; b) reparative regeneration of 

bone tissue; c) microcirculation of the brain; d) surgical treatment of congenital malformations of the oral cavity; e) 

pathogenesis of the gastric and duodenal ulcers Supervision of dissertations: consultant of the histological part 

of several candidate and doctoral dissertations Publications: 138 

HUSSAR, PIRET Date of birth: March 9, 1971 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Ilmatsalu 48-27, 

Tartu Educational history: Faculty of Medicine of the Univrsity of Tartu, 1991-1997; postgraduate student (doctorant) 

of the University of Tartu since 1997 Academic degrees (with year and university): - Employment and 

professional experience: 1989-91 orderly of the Tartu Children´s Hospital 1995-97 laboratory technician of the 

grant of the Estonian Science Foundation 1997-98 assistant and doctorant of histology at the Department of 

Anatomy of the University of Tartu 1998-2000 research fellow of Institute of Molecular and Cell Regulation at 

Gunma University (Japan) since 01.04.2000 assistant and doctorant of histology at the Department of Anatomy of 

the University of Tartu Administrative experience: 1998 member of the Council of the Medical Faulty of the 

Univrsity of Tartu. Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: member of the 

Estonian Society of Morphology; member of Internatinal Society of Associations of Anatomists Current research 

program and grants: Posttraumatic remodeling (resorption, repair) of chondro- and osteogenesis and its 

hormonal regulation; b) Transmembrane glucose transport in different tissues by IF. Supervision of dissertations: 

- Publications: 12 (publ. - 6; submitted - 2; abstr. - 4) 

PETERSON, JANA Date of birth: May, 08. 1968 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Paldiski mnt 20- 

22, Tallinn Educational history: Narva Secondary School, 1986; University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, graduated 

in 1993. Academic degrees (with year and university): None Employment and professional experience: 

The Estonian Insurals medical advisor 1998; The Medical School of Tallinn, the teacher 1998. Administrative 

experience: None Honours and awards: None Membership in academic and scientific societies: None Current 

research program and grants: None Supervision of dissertations: None Publications: 18 

21

BIOCHEMISTRY 

Name of Department: Department of Biochemistry 

Head of the Department: Professor Mihkel Zilmer 

Name of the Chair: Medical Biochemistry 

Head of the Chair: Professor Mihkel Zilmer 

Subject codes: ARBK.01.001; ARBK.01.002; ARBK.01.003 

ARBK.01.010; ARBK.01.011 


1. Short description of the main study and student evaluation methods applied 

at the department. 

Method of learning/teaching: a problem-based lectures and a problemoriented 

seminars/practical work pushing the students to develop biochemicalclinical 

thinking. 

Assessment methods: test papers, sum of practical exercises and seminars 

evaluations, written summaries on the special topics and preliminary examination. 



The strategies for medical education are formulated by the World Federation 

for Medical Education. The main principle has been to integrate the fundamental 

disciplines with clinical disciplines throughout the studium. It has been 

emphasized that for fully understanding the disease it is crucially important to 

look for the structural or functional abnormalities on the molecular and cellular 

level (abnormal structure and function = human disease). This is why explaining 

of the normal structure and function and the possible abnormalities lies the 

basic goal for Medical Biochemistry. The knowledge of contemporary Medical 

Biochemistry allows it to begin exploring and explaining the molecular basis of 

the central problems of human organism (cellular differentiation, cancerogenesis, 

neural activity, memory, immunological competence, apoptosis, function of 

biomembranes, genetic diseases, diseases of still unknown or multifactorial 

origin). Therefore, Medical Biochemistry role in the development of other 

medical sciences (physiology, pharmacology, pharmacy, endocrinology, 

pathophysiology etc) has been constantly growing. Concerning mentioned 

above, the principal changes undertaken in the curriculum are as follows: 

The traditional course in Biochemistry is replaced by strongly human organism 

and clinical practice oriented Medical Biochemistry course to develop biochemical-clinical 

thinking and to create real contemporary basis for using the 

biochemical experience in the practice of the future medical practitioner and 

guarantees the systemic acquiring of new scientific conceptions needed for 

evidence based medicine. To guarantee such change our Department has 

23


24 

published six original, user-friendly and strongly human organisms directed 

textbooks and monographs for course of Medical Biochemistry. 

The course of human organism oriented Medical Biochemistry was integrated 

and developed towards both modern molecular medicine and practical medicine. 

To facilitate such trends also the teachers from the Clinical Departments 

and visiting lecturers of Molecular Medicine are invited to give some special 

lectures. 


Strengths 

Our new, original and strongly Medical Biochemistry oriented textbooks, CD- 

ROMs and monographs (in Estonian and English) which are as follows: 

1. Medical Biochemistry I. Biomolecules: biochemical and medical aspects. 

Ed. M. Zilmer, Tartu, 1996, pp 321, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T. 

(in Estonian). 

2. Medical Biochemistry II. Human metabolism and diseases: biochemical 

and medical aspects. Ed. M. Zilmer, Tartu, 1999, pp 328, Zilmer, M, Karelson, 

E, Vihalemm, T. (in Estonian). 

3. Introductory Chapters of Medical Biochemistry (CD-ROM). Eds. M. Zilmer, 

E. Karelson. Tartu University, Dept of Biochemistry, Tartu 2001, Zilmer,M, 

Soomets,U,Karelson,E, Starkopf, J, Vihalemm,T, Zilmer,K,Rehema, A. (in 

Estonian). 

4. Introductory Chapters of Medical Biochemistry (CD-ROM). Eds. M. Zilmer, 

E. Karelson. Tartu University, Dept of Biochemistry, Tartu 2001, Zilmer,M, 

Soomets,U,Karelson,E, Starkopf, J, Vihalemm,T, Zilmer,K,Rehema, A. (in 

English, in press). 

5. Medical Biochemistry I. Biomolecules: biochemical and clinical aspects 

(CD-ROM). Ed. M. Zilmer, Tartu University, Biomedicum, Tartu, 2001, Zilmer, 

M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Soomets, U, Starkopf, J, Zilmer, K, Rehema, 

A (in Estonian and in English, in press). 

The research program of the department is actually quite broad and has a 

strong clinical orientation (four international programs are going on). It provides 

a broader base of experience and expertise to be employed for specific 

teaching assignments. This gives depth to the teaching, is a source of motivation 

to the teachers, and also offers the students a broad range of projects to 

choose from for their advanced studies. 

Weaknesses 

As Medical Biochemistry role in the development of both other medical sciences 

(physiology, pharmacology, pharmacy, endocrinology, pathophysiology 

etc) and clinical practice is constantly growing, more contemporary laboratory 

experiments (practical skills) are needed. It means that more small-group 

teaching should be developed and present financial deficiency should be

BIOCHEMISTRY 

eliminated. Such alterations allow improve individual practical skills of students. 


As medical education is permanently changing, we started via TEMPUS 

(Structural Joint European Project, contract JEP-09270-95: “Restructuring of 

Biochemical Education in the University of Tartu” 1995-1998) to adapt our curricula 

towards problem-oriented teaching, delivering the clinical relevant 

knowledge and pushing the students to develop biochemical-medical thinking 

in the seminars and avoiding simple loading them with facts. Development of 

new contemporary original textbooks, including CD-ROMs, which cover main 

topics of Medical Biochemistry, facilitates this process. Since 1999, the students 

do not waste their time to write down a lot of information and their intensive 

work with problems both in seminars and during their homework is much 

more facilitated/motivated. During the last 1-2 years the lectures and seminars 

have been illustrated with original PowerPoint computerized slides. The role of 

animated computer-shows, to discuss special topics, among the teaching 

methods is permanently growing. Since 2001, all our programs and plans of 

lectures and seminars will be presented also on internet home page of our 

Department (http://biomedicum.ut.ee/arbk). 


Good teaching materials, strongly oriented to Medical Biochemistry, do not 

practically exist in electronic form even in English. Therefore, the development 

of original and real clinical outcome giving materials and development of computer-aided 

methods would require a tremendous preparatory work. 




evaluation? 

There is an open atmosphere between the teachers and students. This allows 

immediate and direct feedback during and after the teaching. Each course is 

preceded by a staff meeting, where the results of questionnaire-based last 

student evaluation (carried out systematically in Faculty of Medicine) are reviewed 

and considered. 



All teachers have received practical training in their teaching work. A few 

teachers have attended formal courses of pedagogic training. All teachers 

have attended occasional lectures or demonstrations. 

25



We believe that teaching skills of our staff are reasonably good and obligatory 

courses may not improve them significantly. Most of teachers have teaching 

experience more than 20 years. What is more essential is that the all staff 

should become more familiar with the objective of academic education to 

deepen and expand the intellectual capacities of the students and not merely 

load them with facts. 




At present there is no needs for rearrangement of the teaching resources. All 

our teachers are at minimum Ph.D. 


10. How is the teaching co-ordinate with other departments? Indicate the departments 


Coordination of teaching is one of the major purposes of the Faculty's evaluation 

of teaching. Considering the scientific work we have already a very close 

co-operation with many preclinical and clinical departments of Faculty. Using 

this pathway we started to developed real co-ordination with other departments 

considering the teaching. One example: we were happy to introduce 

first case in Faculty where one of our teachers (J. Starkopf, MD, PhD) works 

simultaneously as senior lecture at Department of Biochemistry and lecturer at 

Department of Anesthesiology. 

The departments that are closest to our department are as follows: Physiology, 

Immunology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Pathological physiology, Human 

genetics, Pharmacy 



26 

Future plans to improve the teaching given by the department include the following: 

• Computer-aided learning and problem-based teaching methods will be 

more developed. 

• Increasing the amount of information concerning the DNA technology, the 

diagnosis of genetics defects and gene therapy. 

• Writing an original HyperText textbook or CD-ROM during the 1-2 years about 

metabolism of tissues in normal situation and in the case of disorders. 

• Developing special tests for students on internet home page of Department 

of Biochemistry. 

Education in Medical Biochemistry will be more problem-based and more integrated 

with the clinical specialities. Modern textbooks and other teaching aids 

allow a reduction in the number of lectures, and the quality of teaching can be 

further improved by increasing the volume of clinically oriented, problembased 

seminars and group sessions.

BIOCHEMISTRY 

Biochemistry: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://biomedicum.ut.ee/arbk/ 















Evaluation of general conditions: 


Very good Good Satisfactory Bad 


Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 









6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): 

27


APPENDIX I-I 


Year Researcher/Lectures Institution Country Purpose Duration 

1995 Joel Starkopf University of Tromso Norway Research 1 month 

1996 Ello Karelson University of Kiel Germany TEMPUS(Education) 1 week 

1996 Ello Karelson University of Stockholm Sweden TEMPUS(Education) 1 week 

1996 Joel Starkopf University of Tromso Norway Research 1 month 

1996 Mihkel Zilmer University of Stockholm Sweden TEMPUS(Education) 2 weeks 

1996 Mihkel Zilmer University of Kiel Germany TEMPUS(Education) 2 weeks 

1996 Mihkel Zilmer University of Barcelona Spain Research 1 week 

1996 Tiiu Vihalemm University of Barcelona Spain Research 1 week 

1996 Ursel Soomets University of Stockholm Sweden Research 4 weeks 

1997 Ceslava Kairane University of Kiel Germany TEMPUS (Education) 1 week 

1997 Ello Karelson Amsterdam Netherlands Conference 1 week 

1997 Joel Starkopf University of Tromso Norway Research 2 weeks 

1997 Tiiu Vihalemm Med Inst. Kaunas Lithuania Int. Worksop (Educ) 1 week 


1997 Ursel Soomets Nashville USA Conference 1 week 



1998 Ceslava Kairane Helsinki Finland Conference 1 week 

1998 Ello Karelson Lahti Finland Conference 1 week 

1998 Ello Karelson University of Stockholm Sweden Research 3 month 

1998 Joel Starkopf Karolinska Hospital Sweden Research 1 week 

1998 Kersti Zilmer Helsinki Finland Conference 1 week 

1998 Mihkel Zilmer Helsinki Finland Conference 2 weeks 

1998 Mihkel Zilmer Miami-Orlando USA Research 3 weeks 

1998 Mihkel Zilmer Lahti Finland Confrence 1 week 

1998 Tiiu Vihalemm Helsinki Finland Conference 1 week 

1998 Tiiu Vihalemm Lahti Finland Conference 1 week 



1998 Ursel Soomets Budapest Hungary Conference 1 week 

1998 Ursel Soomets Szeged Hungary Conference 1 week 

1999 Ello Karelson University of Stockholm Sweden Research 1 moth 


1999 Mihkel Zilmer University of Stockholm Sweden Research 2 weeks 


2000 Ello Karelson University of Stockholm Sweden Research 2 month 


2000 Ursel Soomets University of Stockholm Sweden Research 1 week 





2000 Ursel Soomets The Scripps Research Insti- USA 

tute 

Research 3 weeks 

28

APPENDIX I-II 

BIOCHEMISTRY 



1995 Joel Starkopf University of Tromso Norway 1 month 

1996 Joel Starkopf University of Tromso Norway 2 x 2 weeks 

1997 Joel Starkopf University of Tromso Norway 2 weeks 

1997 Ursel Soomets University of Stockholm Sweden 3 month 




1996 Andres Valkna University of Stockholm Sweden 3 month 




1996 Aune Rehema Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital Denmark 3 month 





Prof. Mihkel Zilmer University of Stockholm Sweden Research and teaching 

Prof. Mihkel Zilmer/ 

Ass. Prof. Ursel Soomets 

The Scripps Research Institute USA Research and innovation 


Sen. Ass. Joel Starkopf 





University of Stockholm Norway Research 

Karolinska Hospital Sweden Research 

Karolinska Hospital Sweden Research 

Prof. Mihkel Zilmer SUNY at Stony Brook USA Research 

Prof. Mihkel Zilmer Pensylvania State University USA Research 

Prof. Mihkel Zilmer Kupio Research Institute Finland Research 

Prof. Mihkel Zilmer University of Uppsala Finland Research 

Prof. Mihkel Zilmer Karoliska Institut Sweden Research 

29


APPENDIX I-IV 


Visitor Institution Country Purpose of the Visit Year 

Ass. Prof Ülo Langel University of Stockholm Sweden Research 1995 

Ass. Prof Ülo Langel University of Stockholm Sweden Teaching 1996 

Ass. Prof Ülo Langel University of Stockholm Sweden Research 1997 

Ass. Prof Ülo Langel University of Stockholm Sweden Research/Teaching 1998 

Ass. Prof Ülo Langel University of Stockholm Sweden Teaching (visiting professor at 

ARBK) 

Ass. Prof Ülo Langel University of Stockholm Sweden Research/Teaching (visiting professor 

at ARBK) 

Prof. Kirsti Ytrehus University of Stockholm Norway Research 1997 

Prof. Jarle Vaage Karolinska Hospital Sweden Research 1998, 1999 

Prof. Guro Valen Karolinska Hospital Sweden Research 2000 

Ass. Prof John Robinson SUNY at Stony Brook USA Research 2000 

Ass. Prof. Rebecca Corwin Pensylvania State University 

30 

1999 

2000 

USA Reseach/Teaching 2000 

Prof. Rainer Rauramaa Kupio Research Institute Finland Research 2000 

Dr. Margus Annuk University of Uppsala Finland Research 1999, 2000 

Ass. Prof. Rannar Sillard University of Stockholm Sweden Research 1996 

Ass. Prof. Tommy Linne Karolinska Institute Sweden Teaching 1999, 2000 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. Annals nutrition and metabolism paper, online 

2. Free Radical Research paper

APPENDIX I-VI 


TEXTBOOKS, DICTIONARIES, MANUALS 

BIOCHEMISTRY 

1. Introductory Chapters of Medical Biochemistry (CD-ROM). Eds. M. Zilmer, E. Karelson. Tartu University, 

Dept of Biochemistry, Tartu 2001, Zilmer,M, Soomets,U,Karelson,E, Starkopf, J, 

Vihalemm,T, Zilmer,K,Rehema, A. (in Estonian, in press). 

2. Introductory Chapters of Medical Biochemistry (CD-ROM). Eds. M. Zilmer, E. Karelson. Tartu University, 

Dept of Biochemistry, Tartu 2001, Zilmer,M, Soomets,U,Karelson,E, Starkopf, J, 

Vihalemm,T, Zilmer,K, Rehema, A. (in English, in press). 

3. Medical Biochemistry I. Biomolecules: biochemical and clinical aspects (CD-ROM). Ed. M. Zilmer, 

Tartu University, Biomedicum, Tartu, 2001, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Soomets, U, 

Starkopf, J, Zilmer, K, Rehema, A (in Estonian, in press). 

4. Medical Biochemistry I. Biomolecules: biochemical and clinical aspects (CD-ROM). Ed. M. Zilmer, 

Tartu University, Biomedicum, Tartu, 2001, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Soomets, U, 

Starkopf, J, Zilmer, K, Rehema, A (in English, in press). 

5. Hundred eighty seven scientific terms in the field of food, nutrition, nutrients and cosmetics. Eds. M. 

Zilmer and U. Kokassaar. Tartu, Elmatar, 2000, pp.63. Zilmer, M, Kokassaar,U, Vihalemm,T (in 

Estonian). 

6. Introductory Chapters of Medical Biochemistry (CD ROM). Eds. M. Zilmer, E. Karelson. Tartu University, 

Department of Biochemistry, Biomedicum, Tartu 2000, Zilmer, M, Soomets, U, Karelson, E, 

Starkopf, J, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, K, Rehema, A, (in Estonian). 

7. A hundred scientific terms (in the field of Biochemistry). Eds. M. Zilmer, Tallinn, 2000, pp.16. 

Zilmer, M, Kokassaar,U, Vihalemm,T (in Estonian). 

8. Medical Biochemistry II. Human metabolism and diseases: biochemical and medical aspects. Ed. 

M. Zilmer, Tartu, 1999, pp.328, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, (in Estonian). 

9. Selected chapter for medical biochemistry. Eds. U.Soomets, M.Zilmer, Tartu University Press, 

1998, pp.64, Karelson, E, Soomets, U, Zilmer, M, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer K, (in Estonian). 

10. Digestion, nutrition and diets.(2 nd edition), Tartu University Press, 1998, pp.273, Teesalu, S, Vihalemm, 

T. (in Estonian). 

11. Medical Biochemistry I. Biomolecules: biochemical and medical aspects. Ed. M. Zilmer, Tartu, 

1996, pp.321, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, (in Estonian). 

INTERNATIONAL TEACHING AIDS 

1. Introductory chapters for medical biochemistry (CD-ROM,5th edition). (Eds. U.Soomets, M. Zilmer, 

Biomedicum, Tartu, 2000, Soomets, U, Zilmer, M, Starkopf, J, Karelson, E, Rehema, A, Vihalemm, 

T, Zilmer K, Sillard, R, Langel, Ü (in English, Tartu University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University). 

2. Selected knowledge for medical biochemistry (4th edition). (Eds. U.Soomets, M. Zilmer, University 

of Tartu, 1999, pp.76, Soomets, U, Zilmer, M, Starkopf, J, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer K, Sillard, 

R, Bourne, J, Langel, Ü (in English, Tartu University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University, 

Salisbury-SP4 OJR Porton Down, Med. Countermeasures, UK). 

3. Solid phase peptide synthesis of glutathione and its analogs by Fmoc- and tert-Boc-Chemistry 

(second edition). Tartu, 1998, pp. 60, Soomets, U, Karlström, A, Zilmer, M, Langel, Ü, (in English, 

Tartu University, Stockholm University, Tartu University Press). 

4. Selected knowledge for medical biochemistry. Eds. U.Soomets, M.Zilmer, University of Tartu, 

1998, pp.70, Soomets, U, Starkopf, J, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Valkna A, Zilmer K, 

Sillard, R, Bourne, J, Langel, Ü (in English, Tartu University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University, 

Salisbury-SP4 OJR Porton Down, Med. Countermeasures, UK). 

5. Bioorganic chemistry for medical students (second edition). Eds. U.Soomets, M.Zilmer, University 

of Tartu, 1997, pp.63, Soomets, U, Starkopf, J, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Valkna A, 

Zilmer K, Sillard, R, Bourne, J, Langel, Ü (in English, Tartu University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 

University, Salisbury-SP4 OJR Porton Down, Med. Countermeasures, UK). 

6. Bioorganic chemistry for medical students. Eds. U.Soomets, M.Zilmer, University of Tartu, 1996, 

pp.65, Soomets, U, Starkopf, J, Zilmer, M, Karelson, E, Vihalemm, T, Valkna A, Zilmer K, Sillard, 

R, Langel, Ü (in English, Tartu University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University). 

7. Solid phase peptide synthesis of glutathione and its analogs by Fmoc- and tert-Boc-Chemistry. 

Tartu, 1996, pp. 28, Valkna, A, Zilmer, M, Langel, Ü, (in English, Tartu University, Stockholm University). 

31


INTERNET BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS 

32 

Internet monograph “Impact of food”. Eds. M. Zilmer, U. Kokassaar, 1999, http://www.healthilife.ee, 

Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M. (in Estonian). 

OTHER SCIENTIFIC BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS 

1. Vitamins – nutrients and drugs. Ed. M Zilmer, Tartu, 2001, Zilmer, M, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, 

Pulges, A, (in Estonian, in press) 

2. Drinks of family (scientific background). Ed. U. Kokassaar, M. Zilmer, Tartu, 2000, pp.,103, 

Vihalemm, T, Kokassaar, U, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

3. Development of novel transport peptides and their application in antisence techniques. Soomets. 

U. (Diss. Ph.D), p.63, Stockholm, 1999. 

4. Interactions of galanin receptor with ligands and G-proteins: studies with synthetic peptides. 

Valkna, A. (Dissertationes biologicae Universitatis Tartuensis.) p. 103. Tartu 1999. 

5. Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity in the rat hippocampus by neuropeptidegalanin and its 

chimeric analogs. Karelson, E. (Dissertationes medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis.) p. 103. Tartu 

1999. 

6. Methods of preservation of food (medical comments). Eds. U.Kokassaar, M. Zilmer, Tartu, 1999, 

pp.,64, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

7. Oxidative stress and ischaemia-reperfusion of the heart. A clinical experimental study Starkopf, J. - 

(Dissertationes medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis.) p. 146. Tartu 1997. 

8. Vitamins. Ed. M.Zilmer, Tartu, 1996, pp.,64, Zilmer, M, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Pulges, A, (in 

Estonian) 

9. Food- natural and artificial components. Eds. U.Kokassaar, M. Zilmer, Tartu, 1996, pp. 88, Kokassaar, 

U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M, Pulges, A, (in Estonian). 

10. Food- antioxidativity, oxidative stress, preventive manipulations. Ed., M. Zilmer, Avita, Tartu, 1995, 

pp.71, Zilmer, M, Vihalemm, T, Kokassaar,U, (in Estonian). 

11. Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy. Ed., E.Karelson, University of Tartu,"The Estonian Pharmacist", 

1994,pp.168, Zilmer, M, Zilmer, K, (in Estonian). 

12. The Thesis "Na-pump in normal and tumorous brain tissues: structural-functional and tumorigenic 

aspects",University of Tartu,1991, pp.31,Zilmer, M (in English). 

PATENT 

1. Applied June 15, 2000, in Stockholm, application No. 0002232-7, by Langel, Soomets, Vasar, Zilmer, 

entitled “Antioxidant” application filed and owned by Vulpes. 

ARTICLES IN PEER REVIEWED INTERNATIONAL BOOKS 

1. In book The CGRP family: Calcitonin Gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin, and adreno-medullin. 

Eds. D.Poyner, I.Marshall, S.D.Brain. Structure activity relationship for CGRP receptor ligands. 

Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit 10, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, Texas, USA; 

Eurekah.com, Austin, Texas, USA. 2000, pp.25-32, Poyner, D.R., Howitt, S., Soomets, U., Langel, 

Ü. 

2. In book ”Natural antioxidants& Food Ouality in Atherosclerosis and Cancer Prevention” Eds. J. T. 

Kumpulainen, T. Salonen, Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supress reparative regeneration 

of the rat liver connective tissue. Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry,Thomas Graham 

House, UK,1996, pp.60-66,Arend,A, Zilmer,M, Zilmer, K. 

ARTICLES IN PEER REVIEWED INTERNATIONAL ISSUES 

1. Life Sciences. Pretreating rats with hyperoxia attenuates ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart. 

Tähepõld P, Valen G, Starkopf, Kairane C, Zilmer M, Vaage J., 2001, (in press). 

2. Patophysiology, Acute immune response in respect to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Vider, J, 

Lehtmaa, J, Kullisaar, T, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, K, Kairane, C, Landõr, A, Karu, T, Zilmer, M., 2001 

(in press). 

3. Neurochemical Research. The cerebrocortical areas in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer’s disease: 

noticeable differences in the lipid peroxidation level and in antioxidant defence. Karelson, E, 

Bogdanovic, N, Garlind, A, Winblad, B, Zilmer, K, Kullisaar, T, Vihalemm, T, Kairane, C, Zilmer, M., 

2001, (accepted).

BIOCHEMISTRY 

4. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. The Swedish APP670/671 Alzheimer’s Disease mutation: 

The first evidence for strikingly increased oxidative injury in the temporal inferior cortex. Bogdanovic, 

N, Zilmer, M, Zilmer, K, Rehemaa, A, Karelson, E ,2001, (accepted). 

5. Annals Nutrition & Metabolism. Lipoic acid prevents n-3 PUFAs induced supression of connective 

tissue proliferation in rat liver. Arend, A, Zilmer, M, Vihalemm,T, Sestam, G, Sepp, E., 44, 217-222, 

2000. 

6. Free Radical Research. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone protects the isolated rat heart 

against ischaemic and oxidative damage. Valen, G, Kawakami,T, Tähepõld,P, Starkopf, J, Kairane, 

C, Dumitrescu, A, Löwbeer, C, Zilmer, M, Vaage, J., 2000, 33, 31-43. 

7. Biochem. Biophys. Acta Deletion analogues of transportan. Soomets, U, Lindgren, M, Gallet, X, 

Hällbrink, M, Elmquist, A, Balaspiri, L, Zorko, M, Pooga, M, Brasseur, R. Langel, U. 2000, 1467, 

165-176. 

8. Proceedings 5 th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis, Edit. E. Faist. Monduzzi 

Editore, Lipid peroxidation and ICU medical staff. Sipria, A, Zilmer, M, Talvik, R, Zilmer, K, 

Kairane, C. 2000, 413-416. 

9. Bioconjugate Chem Translocation properties of novel cell penetrating transportan and penetratin 

analogoues. Lindgren, M., Gallet, X., Soomets, U., Hällbrinm, M., Brakenhielm, E., Pooga, M., 

Brasseur, R., Langel, Ü. 2000,11,619-626. 

10. Neuropeptides. Third intracellular loop of galanin receptor type 1 in signal transduction. Rezaei, K, 

Saar, K, Soomets, U, Valkna A, Schroeder, T, Näsman, J, Zorko, M, Åkermann, K, Bartfai, T, Langel, 

Ü, 2000, 34, 25-31. 

11. Brain Research. Regulation of activity of GTPase and adenylate cyclase by amyloid 

its fragments in rat brain tissue. Soomets U, Mahlapuu R, Jarvet J, Karelson E, Zilmer M, Zorko, 

M., Gräslund, A., Langel, Ü. 1999, 850,179-188. 

12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Electrophysiological evidence for a hyperpolarizing, galanin (1-15)selective 

receptor on hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Xu, Z.-Q.D., Ma, X, Soomets, U, 

Langel, Ü, Hökfelt, T, 1999,96,14583-14587. 

13. Frontiers in Bioscience. Antisence properties of peptide nucleic acids. Soomets, U. Hälbrink, M, 

Langel, Ü, 1999,4,D782-D786. 

14. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. Effect of low-dose aspirin on the markers of oxidative stress. 

Ristimäe, T, Zilmer, M, Zilmer, K, Kairane, C, Kullisaar, T, Teesalu, R, 1999, 13, 485-490. 

15. Acta Paediatrica. Possible oxidative stress in healthy term newborns. Metsvaht, T, Ilves, P, Talvik, 

T, Zilmer, K, Zilmer, M, Talvik, R, 1999, 88,1299-1300. 

16. Reg. Peptides. Effects of vasopressin-mastoparan chimeric peptides on insulin release and 

GTPase activity. Hällbrink, M., Saar, K., Östenson, C.-G., Soomets, U., Efendic, S., Howl,J., 

Wheatley, M.,Zorko, M., and Langel, Ü.1999, 82 (1-3), 45-51. 

17. In: Peptide. Frontiers in Peptide Science, Intracellular third loop of galanin receptor as G-protein 

interaction site. Soomets, U. and Langel, Ü., Eds. J. P. Tam, P. T. P. Kauyama, Kluwer Academic 

Publishers, Dordecht, Boston, London, 1999, 662-663. 

18. Free Rad Res., Precondiotioning with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ischemia in H2O2-induced 

cardiac dysfunction,1998, 29, 235-245, Valen G, Starkopf J, Takeshima S, Kullisaar T, Kengsepp 

A-T, Löwbeer C, Vaage J, Zilmer M. 

19. J Pineal Research. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of melatonin and pinoline in vitro, 1998, 

24, 96-101, Pähkla R, Zilmer M, Kullisaar, T, Rägo L. 

20. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. Could long-term alimentary iron overload have an impact the parameters 

of oxidative stress? A study on the basis of a village in South Estonia. 1998, 42, 40-43, 

Rehema, A, Zilmer, M, Zilmer, K, Kullisaar, T, Vihalemm, T. 

21. Clinical Neuroscience. Regulation of activity of GTPase and adenylate cyclase in the rat ventral 

hippocampus by fragments of -amyloid, 1998, 51,1,59-60. Soomets U, Mahlapuu R, Karelson E, 

Zilmer M, Zorko M, Langel Ü. 

22. Acta Odontol Scand,. Polyol-combinant saliva stimulants: a 4-month pilot study in young adults. 

1998, 56, 90-94, Mäkinen, K,K, Olak, J, Russak, S, Saag, M, Seedre, T, Vasar, R, Vihalemm, T, 

Mikelsaar, M, Mäkinen, P-L. 

23. Pathophysiology. Alpha-lipoic acid prevents n-3 PUFA induced supression of wound healing. 

1998,5,76, Arend, A, Zilmer, M, Zilmer, K. 

24. Pathophysiology. Remarkable differences of oxidative damage in the cortical regions from postmortem 

Alzheimer’s disease brain. 1998,5, 90, Karelson, E, Zilmer, K, Vihalemm, T, Kullisaar, 

Bogdanovic, N, Garlind, A, Winblad, B, Zilmer, M. 

25. Biochemistry Molecular Biology International. Activation of cAMP synthesis in rat brain cortical 

membranes by rubidium and cecium ions. 1998, 45,745-751, Rosenthal, K, Lember, J, Karelson, E, 

Jarv, J. 

33


26. Cardiovasc Res., Lipid peroxidation, arachidonic acid and products of the lipoxygenase pathway in 

ischemic preconditioning of rat heart,1998,37,66-75,Starkopf J, Andreasen TV, Bugge E, Ytrehus 

K. 

27. Neurobiology of Aging. Regulation of GTPase and adenylate cyclase by amyloid-b peptides,1998, 

19, 48. Langel, Ü., Soomets, U., Mahlapuu, R., Karelson, E., Zilmer, M., Zorko, M. 

28. Br J Pharmacol., Structural determinants for binding to CGRP receptors expressed by human SK- 

N-MC and Col 29 cells: studies with chimeric and other peptides.1998, 124, 1659-1666, Poyner 

D.R., Soomets U., Howitt S.G., Langel, Ü. 

29. Proceedings of 15th American Peptide Symposia. Intracellular third loop of galanin receptor as Gprotein 

interaction site,1998 (in press), Soomets U.,Langel Ü. 

30. Nature Biotechnology. Cell penetrating PNA antisense oligonucleotides modify galaninergic pain 

transmission in vivo. 1998, 16, 857-861. Pooga M., Hällbrink M., Soomets U., Valkna A., Saar K., 

Rezaei K., Kahl U., Hao J.-X., Xu X.-J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Bartfai T. and Langel Ü. 

31. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Differential regulation of GTPase activity by mastoparan and galparan. 

1998, 349,2, 321-328, Zorko M., Pooga M., Saar K., Rezaei K., Langel, Ü. 

32. J. Peptide Res. Novel galanin receptor ligands. 1998,51, 65-74, Pooga M., Juréus A., Rezaei K., 

Hasanvan H., Saar K., Kask K., Kjellén P., Land T., Halonen J., Mäeorg U., Uri A., Solyom S., 

Bartfai T., and Langel Ü. 

33. Cell Calcium. Biochemical mechanisms of calcium mobilisation induced by mastoparan and chimeric 

hormone-mastoparan constructs. 1998, 24, 27-34, Longland C.L, Mezna M, Langel Ü, Hällbrink 

M, Soomets U, Wheatley M, Michelangeli F, Howl J. 

34. J. Neurosci., Galanin modulation of seizures and seizure modulation of hippocampal galanin in 

animal models of status epilepticus. 1998,18,23,10070-7., Mazarati, A. M., Liu, H., Soomets, U., 

Sankar, R., Shin, D., Katsumori, H., Langel, Ü., Wasterlain, C. G. 

35. Current Topics in Peptide and Protein Res. From galanin and mastoparan to galparan and transportan. 

1998, 2, 83-113, Soomets U., Hällbrink M., Zorko M., Langel Ü. 

36. Acta.Chem.Slov. Structural features of amphipathic peptides required for the activation of Gproteins. 

1998, 45,27-34, Bavec A., Soomets U., Langel Ü., Zorko M. 

37. Neuropeptides. Galaninrergic signalling and adenylate cyclase. 1998, 32, 197-210, Karelson E, 

Langel Ü. 

38. Biochemical Soc. Transactions. Review article. The role of the third cytoplasmic loop in signal 

transduction by galanin receptors, 1997, 25, 1036-1040, Saar, K., Valkna, A., Soomets U., Rezai, 

K., Zilmer, M., Langel, Ü. 

39. Proceedings of the 24 th Symposium of European peptide Society. Galanin receptor G-protein interaction 

sites as targets for drug developments. Peptides 1998: Eds. R. Ramage, R. Epton, 1997, 

67-70, Rezaei, K, Valkna, A., Saar, K.,Bartfai, T, Langel, Ü. 

40. FASEB J. Chimeric strategy for the rational design of bioactive analogs of small peptide hormones, 

1997,11 (7), 582-590, Howl, J., Parslow, R.A., Langel, Ü., Hawtin, S.R., Valkna, A., Yarwood, N.J., 

Saar, K., and Wheatley, M. 

41. European Journal of Neurology. Lead-induced excessive lipid peroxidation and changes in local 

cerebral blood flow in rabbit brain.1997,4,390-396, Linnamägi,Ü, Zilmer,K, Zilmer, M, Kaasik,A.-E. 

42. Acta Neurol Scand. Changes of sympatho-adrenal and hupothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system 

in patents with head injury.1997,96,52-58, Kõiv, L, Merisalu, E, Zilmer,K, Tomberg, T, Kaasik,A.-E. 

43. Acta Chemica Scand., Solubilisation of Na,K-ATPase with amphiphilic peptide PD1, 1997,51,403- 

406, Soomets, U, Kairane, C, Zilmer, M, Langel, Ü. 

44. Clinica Chimica Acta. The evidence of oxidative stress in cardiac surgery and septic patients- comparative 

study. 1997, 262,77-88,Starkopf, J, Kokk, K, Zilmer, M, Talvik, R, Samarütel, J. 

45. Quintessenz. Scientific portrait of xylitol. 1997,1,24-28, Zilmer, M, Kokassaar, U. 

46. Cardiovasc Res. Preischemic bradykinin and ischemic preconditioning in functional and metabolic 

recovery of globally ischemic rat heart,1997, 33,63-70, Starkopf, J,Ytrehus, Y. 

47. Pharmacology & Toxicology. Antioxidative capacity of pinoline in three in vitro assay systems, 

1997, 80, Supplement I, p.41, Pähkla, R, Zilmer, M, Kullisaar, T, Rägo, L. 

48. Regulatory Peptides. A galanin-mastoparan chimeric peptide activates the Na,K-ATPase and and 

reverses its inhibition by ouabain,1996, 62,47-52, Langel, Ü., Pooga, M., Kairane, C., Zilmer, M., 

Bartfai, T. 

49. J of Hypertension. Oxidative stress and hyperinsulinaemia in essential hypertension: different facets 

of in increased risk, 1996,14, 3,407-410, Parik, T, Allikmets, K, Teesalu, R, Zilmer, M. 

50. J of Human Hypertension. Effects of isradipine treatment on oxidative stress markers in patients 

with essential hypertension, 1996,10, 53-55, Parik, T, Allikmets, K, Zilmer, K, Vihalemm, T, Kullisaar, 

Teesalu, R, Zilmer, M. 

34

BIOCHEMISTRY 

51. J Cardiovascular risk. Evidence for oxidative stress in essential hypertension: perspective for antioxidant 

therapy, 1996,3,49-53, Parik, T, Allikmets, K, Teesalu, R, Zilmer, M. 

52. Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. Autoradiographic localization of [3H] pinoline binding sites in 

mouse tissues, 1996,18, 359-366, Pähkla, R, Masso, R, Zilmer, M, Rägo, L, Airaksen, M, M. 

53. Acta Medica Baltica. Effects of nifedipine treatment on oxidative stress markers in hypertensive patients, 

1996, 3(2), 140-144, Parik, T, Allikmets,K, Teesalu,R, Zilmer, M. 

54. Acta Pediatrica. Markers of oxidative stress before and after exchange transfusion for neonatal 

sepsis,1996, 85,10,1244-1246, Kokk T,Talvik,R, Zilmer,M, Kütt,E, Talvik,T. 

55. Neurochemistry. Investigations of some natural peptides and their synthetic derivatives using brain 

Na,K-ATPase, 1996, 13, 3, 223-227, Kairane, C, Tähepõld, L, Langel, Ü, Sillard, R, Zilmer, M. (in 

Russian). 

56. Scandinavian J Rheumatology. Nutrition in Prevention of Osteoporosis. 1996, 25,81-82, Teesalu, 

S, Vihalemm, T, Vaasa, I-O. 

57. 5 articles are submitted in 2001. 

ARTICLES IN ANOTHER PEER REVIEWED ISSUES 

1. Estonian Pharmacist. Alcohol. 2000,1,15-20, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M. (in Estonia). 

2. Scandinavian J of Nutrition. The consumption of goat’s milk yoghurt fermented with special lactobacillus 

strains may improve the human antioxidative status. 2000, 44, (Supplement 37), S94, 

Songisepp, E, Kullisaar, T, Zilmer, K, Mikelsaar, M, Zilmer,M. 

3. Estonian Pharmacist. Bouillon (scientific background). 1999,4, 14-17, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, 

Zilmer, M. (in Estonia). 

4. Estonian Pharmacist. Juice, nectar, juice beverage (scientific background).1999,3, 8-11, Vihalemm, 

T, Kokassaar, U, Zilmer, M. (in Estonia). 

5. Estonian Pharmacist. Mineral water. 1999,2,16-20, Vihalemm, T, Kokassaar, U, Zilmer, M. (in 

Estonia). 

6. Estonian Pharmacist. Tea (Scientific background).1999,1,11-16, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, 

M. (in Estonia). 

7. Estonian Parmacist. Cacao (Scientific background).1998,4,13-18, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, 

M. (in Estonia). 

8. Estonian Parmacist. Coffee (Scientific background).1998,3, 11-15, Vihalemm, T, Kokassaar, U, 

Zilmer, M. (in Estonia). 

9. Estonian Parmacist. Scientific background of popularity of fermented milk products. 1998,1, 16-20, 

Vihalemm, T, Kokassaar, U, Zilmer, M. (in Estonia). 

10. Estonian Pharmacist. Could long-lasting alimentary iron overload have an impct on the parameters 

of oxidative stress? 1997, 54-55, Rehema, A, Zilmer, K, Vihalemm, T, Kullisaar, T, Zilmer, M. (in 

Estonian). 

11. Estonian Pharmacist. Oxidative stress and damages of heart: possible preventive manipulations of 

myocard. 1997,67-68, Starrkopf, J. Valen, G, Vihalemm, T, Kullisaar, T, Kengsepp, A.-T. Kairane, 

C, Zilmer, K, Zilmer, M. (in Estonian). 

12. Estonian Pharmacist. Testing of antioxidative capacity of saliva in healthy and parodontosis. 1997, 

24-25, Kullisaar, T, Kengsepp, A.-T, Saag, M, Maksimov, S, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M. (in Estonian). 

13. Estonian Pharmacist. Pinoline and melatonin: potent antioxidants. 1997, 47-48, Pähkla, R, Zilmer, 

M, Kullisaar, T, Rägo, L. (in Estonian). 

14. Estonian Physician. Effect of isradipine on oxidative stress, 1997, (Supplement) 41-42, Parik, T., 

Allikmets, K., Teesalu, R., Zilmer M (in Estonian). 

15. Estonian Parmacist. Milk. 1997,4, 15-18, Vihalemm, T, Kokassaar, U, Zilmer, M. (in Estonia). 

16. Estonian Parmacist. Hirudotherapy in the past and future. 1997,2, 10-14, Kokassaar, U, Zilmer, M. 

(in Estonia). 

17. Estonian Pharmacist. Food, nutrition and nutrients. VII, Food additives. 1997,1,13-16, Kokassaar, 

U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

18. Estonian Pharmacist. Food, nutrition and nutrients. VI, Water. 1996,3,17-21, Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, 

T, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

19. Estonian Pharmacist. Chimeric peptides as basic molecules for disaining new drugs, 1996, 3, 8-10, 

Laidmäe, E, Karelson, E, Hindrikus, T, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

20. Estonian Pharmacist. Food, nutrition and nutrients. Vb, Bioelements in our food (II). 1996, 2,21-26, 

Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

21. Estonian Pharmacist. Food, nutrition and nutrients. Va, Bioelements in our food (I). 1996, 1,11-16, 

Kokassaar, U, Vihalemm, T, Zilmer, M, (in Estonian). 

22. Scient.Conf. “17th Estonian Chemistry Days”, Tartu, Dependence of brain adenylate cyclase activity 

on concentration of Rb + ja Cs + .1996,173-174. Rosenthal, K, Lember J, Karelson E. 

35


36


Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Biochemistry 

BIOCHEMISTRY 


1. Mihkel Zilmer Professor 1,00 Medical biochemistry Male 1948 Ph.D, Dr.Med 1975 & 1992 29 

2. Ello Karelson Docent 1,00 Medical biochemistry Female 1946 Ph.D, Dr.Med 1978 & 1999 22 

3. Tiiu Vihalemm Docent 1,00 General Biochemistry Female 1940 Ph.D 1970 36 

4. Czeslawa Kairane Lecturer 1,00 Medical biochemistry Female 1949 Ph.D 1975 15 

5. Ursel Soomets Docent 0,50 General Biochemistry Male 1962 Ph.D 2000 15 

6. Joel Strakopf Lecturer 0,50 Medical biochemistry Male 1966 Dr.Med 1997 7 

7. Kersti Zilmer Lecturer 0,50 Medical biochemistry Female 1948 Ph.D 1978 26 

8. Hell Alapuu Technical staff 1,00 Female 1941 32 

9. Anu Tüür Technical staff 1,00 Female 1945 31 

10. Rita Mõttus Preparator 1,00 Female 1948 26 

37



BIOCHEMISTRY 

ZILMER, MIHKEL Date of birth: 15/12/1948 Gender:male Citizenship:Estonian Address:Puusepa 37, Tartu, 

50406, Estonia Educational history: 1966-1971 Tartu University, Academic degrees (with year and university): 

1976 Ph.D (Biochemistry, Tartu University), 1992Doctor of Medical Sciences (Tartu University Employment and 

professional experience: 1966-1971 Tartu University, Estonia, 1971-1976 Postgraduate research, Faculty of 

Medicine, TU, 1976 - Ph.D. (Biochemistry), 1992 Associate professor, Dpt. Biohemistry, Faculty of Medicine,TU, 

1992 Dr. of Medical Sciences (in Biochemistry), 1992-1997 Prof. of General Biochemistry, TU 1994-now Head of 

the Dpt. Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,TU, 1996-now, Expert/referee of Estonian Drug Administration,1997now 

Professor of Medical Biochemistry, Dpt. Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,TU Administrative experience: 

1978-1980 Assistant of prodean; 1994-now Head of the Dpt. Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,TU, Referee of 

Estonian Science Foundation (for Estonian, Finnish, Russian grants), 1996-now, Referee/expert of Estonian Drug 

Administration, in the field of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, The author for Estonian Encyclopedia, 1997-now. 

Co-ordinator of investigations in the field of oxidative stress in Estonia, 1996-1998, Expert of investigations in the 

field of biosensors for narcotics (project: Stockholm University - Dept of Biochemistry, TU) Honours and awards: 

Highest prize of Estonian Republic (in the field innovation, in 1999), highest scientific prize of Estonian Republic 

(in the field of medicine, in 1998). Highest prize (medal) of Faculty of Medicine, TU in the field of science and 

teaching (in 1997). First prize (in 1997) of Faculty of Medicine and TU for original textbook “Medical Biochemistry 

I. Biomolecules: biochemical and medical aspects”. Membership in academic and scientific societies: International 

Union of Biochemistry; International scientific organization “Society of Free Radicals Research”. Current 

research program and grants: Research field: Molecular medicine in the field of neurochemistry (regulation of 

sodium pump and Na/H-exchanger, chimeric peptides) and oxidative stress (determination, role and prevention in 

essential hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass, sepsis atherosclerosis; antioxidativity of drugs). Two grants from 

the Estonian Science Foundation, 1995-1997 "Ischemia/reperfusion damages: screening and pre- and postoperative 

prevention”, 1998-2001 Impro-vement of outcome after drug-treatment, balloon angioplasty and thrombolytic 

therapy in patients with cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia via regulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant 

treatment (adenosine, ACE-inhibitors, etc.). Three grants from Estonian Innovation Fond, 1996, 1997 and 

1999, “Investigation and production of bioactive peptides” (co-operation with Stockholm University). 1998-2000 

Member and co-head of International Research Project “KIRT” (between Karolinska Institute and TU). Grant from 

The James S. McDonell Foundation (1999-2001) “Neuropeptide receptor signal transduction as a target for drug 

development for the treatment of cognitive disorders”. Patent: Applied June 15, 2000, in Stockholm, application 

No. 0002232-7, by Langel, Soomets, Vasar, Zilmer, entitled “Antioxidant” application filed and owned by Vulpes. 

Supervision of dissertations: 8 Master Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Supervised Publications: 225 publications, 

including 9 monographs and 58 full length articles and reviews in peer reviewed international journals. 

Also 17 textbooks (3 international) published. 

STARKOPF, JOEL Date of birth: 08/02/1966 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Ravila 56 – 9, 50408, 

Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Tallinn, Secondary School no. 43 Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu 

(M.D.) internship in anaesthesiology reseaerch-fellow (Ph.D) Academic degrees (with year and university): 

medical doctor (MD, University of Tartu) doctor of medical sciences (PhD, University of Tartu) Employment and 

professional experience: Tartu University Hospital, department of cardiac surgery, anaesthesiologist, ¼ position; 

Tartu University Clinics, department of anaesthesiology, anaesthesiologist, ½ position; University of Tartu, 

department of biochemistry, assistant ½ position, University of Tartu, department of biochemistry, senior assistant 

½ position; Tartu University Clinics, clinic of anaesthesiology and intensive care, assistant ½ position Administrative 

experience: none Honours and awards: none Membership in academic and scientific societies: board 

member of the Estonian Society of Anaesthesiologists Current research program and grants: Research field: 

ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart with special interest on the role of oxidative stress and strategies for 

myocardial protection. Effects of hyperoxia on subsequent myocardial ischaemic damage. No personal grants 

hold at present moment. Supervision of dissertations: P. Tähepõld, masters degree, commenced in Karolinska 

Hospital, Sweden, Dec. 2000. Publications: 37 publications, including 1 monograph and 8 full length papers in 

peer reviewed journals. 

SOOMETS, URSEL Date of birth: July 18 th , 1962 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Puiestee 75A, 

51009 Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1969 – 1977Viljandi, Secondary School no.5, 1977 – 1980 Viljandi, 

secondary School no.1; 1980 – 1985Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, Department of Chemistry, Tartu State 

University; 1987 – 1990post-graduate studentship at the Department of Organic Chemistry of Tartu State University; 

1996 – 2000Ph.D. courses in Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu Academic 

degrees (with year and university): 2000PhD in neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden; 

1994Master of Sciences (chemistry), University of Tartu, Estonia Employment and professional experience: 

1985 – 1987 research fellow, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia; 1987 engineer, 

Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia; 1987 – 1990 post-graduate studentship, Department 

of Organic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia; 1991 senior engineer, Laboratory of Enzymology, 

University of Tartu, Estonia; 1991 – 2000 senior lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University 

of Tartu, Estonia; 2000 - ½ associate professor; ½ senior researcher, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty 

of Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia Administrative experience: none Honours and awards: none Member- 

39


ship in academic and scientific societies: member of Estonian Biochemical Society Current research program 

and grants: Antisense studies of neuropeptide receptors, synthesis and characterisation of novel antioxidants, 

studies of signal transduction of neuropeptides. Supervision of dissertations: none Publications: 42 – 1 

monograph, 23 scientific articles, 10 abstracts of conferences, 8 teaching aids 

KARELSON, ELLO-RAHEL Date of birth: August 6 th , 1946 Gender: Mrs. Citizenship: Estonian Address: Department 

of Biochemistry, Tartu University, Ravila Str.19, 50411 Tartu Educational history: Faculty of Medicine, 

Tartu University; Post-graduate research course (correspondence) in biological chemistry, Department of . Biochemistry, 

Tartu University Academic degrees (with year and university): Ph.D. (pharmacology), 1977, Tartu 

University; M.D. 1999, Tartu University Employment and professional experience: Research assistant and 

postgraduate student, Laboratory of Enzymology , Tartu University; Junior research fellow, Laboratory of Enzymology, 

Medical Faculty, Tartu University; Senior assistant, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Tartu 

University ; Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Tartu University Administrative 

experience: Curator of Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Tartu University Honours and awards: − 

Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Biochemical Society Current research program 

and grants: Grant from the Estonian Scientific Foundation: Study of the functional interactions between oxidative 

stress and neuropeptide galanin in the postmortem brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer’s disease Supervision 

of dissertations: 4 Master thesis Publications: 78 scientific publications (including 15 full articles in peerreviewed 

international journals). Also 6 textbooks is published. 

VIHALEMM, TIIU Date of birth: 1940-04-13 Gender:female Citizenship:Estonian Address:Vanemuise 64-24, 

50410 Tartu Educational history:Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, University of Tartu 1963 Academic degrees 

(with year and university): Cand. sci 1970, University of Tartu Employment and professional experience: 36 

years Administrative experience: none Honours and awards: none Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: FEBS Current research program and grants:(Scientific projects of Health Promotion in Estonia 

1997, 1998, 2000 Supervision of dissertations: Co-supervisor of 1 dissertation Ph.D Publications: 51articles 

(16 articles in peer reviewed international issues; 22 articles in another peer reviewed issues, 13 another scientific 

articles). Also 5 textbooks published. 

KAIRANE, CESLAVA Date of birth: 01 .01. 1950. Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Sirbi 22, Tartu 

Educational history: Medical Institut of Riga, 1973. Academic degrees (with year and university): Ph.D, 1983, 

Institute of Chemical Physics of Acad. Sci. of USSR (Moscow). Employment and professional experience: 15 

years Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

- Current research program and grants: influence of the oxidative stress on the activity of different enzymes. 

(Scientific Projects of Health Promotion in Estonia 1997, 1998, 2000.) Supervision of dissertations: 2 theses of 

bachelor Publications: 41 

ZILMER, KERSTI Date of birth: June 5 th 1948 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Puusepa 37 Tartu 

50406 Educational history: University of Tartu, Special program in the field of biochemistry, 1971 Academic 

degrees (with year and university): Ph. D. , Tartu University, 1986 Employment and professional experience: 

29 years Administrative experience: Honours and awards: Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

Member in The European Society of Biochemistry Current research program and grants: oxidative stress 

(determination, role and prevention in the case of atherosclerosis, iron-overloading; screening of antioxidative 

properties of medicines); performer of 2 grants of the Estonian Scientific Foundation Supervision of dissertations: 

5 theses of bachelor in pharmacy Publications: 47 articles (total number of publications –166). Also 2 

textbooks are published. 

40

PHARMACOLOGY 

Name of the Department: Department of Pharmacology 

Head of the Department: Professor Lembit Allikmets 

Name of the Chair: Pharmacology 

Head of the Chair: Professor Lembit Allikmets 

Name of the Chair: Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology 

Head of the Chair: Professor Alexander Zharkovsky 

Name of the Chair: Clinical Pharmacology 

Head of the Chair: Docent Rein Pähkla 

Subject codes: ARFR.01.023; ARFR.01.029; ARFR.01.030 

ARFR.01.031; ARFR.01.034, ARFR.02.012 

ARFR.02.016; ARFR.03.007; ARFR.03.009 

ARFR.03.010; ARFR.03.011 


1. How have the aims and objectives described in your curriculum changed 

during the last five years? 

In basic pharmacology (3 rd year students) the molecular and cellular basis of 

drug action and pharmacokinetics have become a central part of the curriculum 

in pharmacology and toxicology. The characterisation of individual drugs 

(pharmaceutical preparations) is based on the recent important advances in 

the molecular biology of receptors, enzymes, transporters and other target 

molecules for drug action. It has become increasingly important for practising 

physicians to understand the basic principles of cellular communication and 

drug-receptor interactions. Our curriculum aims to provide the students with a 

conceptual framework on which they can build knowledge of individual drugs, 

drug groups and on which they can also later add information about future 

therapeutic agents. In addition, target-based rational drug design is presented 

as a new approach to the development of therapeutic agents. Pharmacokinetics, 

toxicology, immunopharmaology and chemotherapy of viral diseases have 

become increasingly important parts of the curriculum. All the students get in 

the beginning of study year exact program of teaching and several other 

teaching aids, prepared by department members. 

Drug toxicology course is given to the medical students during the third year 

and consists of two parts: mandatory course (8 hours of problem-oriented and 

integrated lectures, and 4 hours of the seminars) and two optional courses: 

theoretical (10 hours of lectures and 12 hours of seminars) and practical one 

(30 hours of experimental work and seminars). The drug toxicology course is 

fully based on the acquired knowledge from basic pharmacology course and 

integrated with the basic knowledge of pharmacology and related disciplines 

such as pathology and biochemistry. The different principles in mandatory and 

optional courses are used. Mandatory course is based on the traditional ap- 

41


42 

proach and given in form of lectures. Seminar work is built up on the the principle 

of problem-based teaching. During the past three years a slow transition 

from traditional teaching toward integrated and problem based teaching has 

occurred. Each principle however has its own advantages and disadvantages. 

The validation of principle of teaching is based on the specific aims and objectives 

to be achieved. 

The main aims of the mandatory course of drug toxicology are as follows. 

• Provide students with an understanding of the mechanisms how pharmacodynamic 

and pharmacokinetic properties of the drug might be transformed 

into its toxic action. 

• To enable medical students to apprise the risks of pharmaceuticals and too 

enable graduate to review critically his or her own therapeutic decisions in 

relation to hazardous side effects. 

The objectives of the mandatory course are: 

• to provide basic working knowledge on the principles of toxic drug actions 

• mechanisms of acute poisoning and principles of detoxication 

• understanding of the problem" drug -induced disease" 

• basic knowledge on the problems related to trhug abuse, genotoxicity, cancerogenity 

and teratogenity. 

The control of knowledge is integrated in the final examination in pharmacology. 

The optional theoretical course is related to the scientific expertise and research 

interests of teaching staff and based on the integration with other disciplines 

like cell- and molecular biology, biochemistry, pathology. Students are 

given primary knowledge on the clinical aspects drug-induced disturbances of 

the central nervous system. The major objectives of this course is provide students 

with working knowledge of the mechanisms of toxic action on the nervous 

system, rise the interest toward research problems in drug toxicology and 

finally develop way of thinking which is based on the scientific facts. During 

this course student should essay about 20 min using scientific publications, 

promote discussion on the related topic and answer the questions. A part of 

this course is devoted to the methodological aspects of drug toxicology. For 

example, students get knowledge on the methods of assessing toxicity on the 

primary neuronal cultures, principles of use of laser confocal microscopy, principles 

of assessment of apoptosis and necrosis, priniciples of the study of drug 

abuse and drug reinforcement etc The practical demonstrations how primary 

culture is prepared how the confocal microscope is used etc are essential 

parts of this course. 

The practical optional course in drug toxicology is fully built up on the problem-solving 

methodology. During this course groups of students are given a 

task to solve a problem while they are working in the lab. For example: problem 

: we have to find the toxic concentration of glutamate on the primary culture 

of the cerebellar granule cells. To do that students have to develop of the 

plan of experiment, perform experiment, analyse data.. Another example: students 

have to test the mechanisms of toxicity of cytosine arabinoside on the 

cell line GT1-7 overexpressing Bcl-2 gene. To do that students have to detect

PHARMACOLOGY 

apoptosis and necrosis etc At the end of this work students have to prepare 

presentation on the results obtained and promote discussions on this or related 

topic. 

The major objectives of this course are to train students in teamwork within 

research environment, to improve interpersonal and communication skills and 

give some training in peer assessment. To give students insight into range of 

pre-clinical methods used in the assessment of drug toxicity. During the 

courses in drug toxicology the students are provided with additional teaching 

material in a form of syllabus, which always available on-line from the internet 

Our experience shows that practical course is very important part of the 

teaching process and probably the most effective. 

In teaching clinical pharmacology to the 6th year medical students the main 

aim is now to provide the students with an understanding of individual patients’ 

characteristics influencing the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of drugs. 

Genetic, environmental and other influences may affect both drug and side 

effects of drug action in a critical manner. Doctors should try to take these 

factors into account in treating individual patients. The curriculum has been 

changed accordingly; the teaching is now largely disease-oriented and problem-based. 

Another aim is to teach critical evaluation of existing fashions and 

new therapies. This includes both critical evaluations of published clinical 

studies and pharmaceutical marketing information, and self-evaluation of a 

physician’s or clinic’s therapeutic practices. During semester the students go 

through several written tests and final exam is oral. 


Strengths 

Basic and clinical pharamcology and toxicology used to be two separate 

courses taught by two separate chairs in the same department until 1999. This 

caused some unnecessary overlap and problems in co-ordination between the 

courses. This has been changed now. A strength of the current system is that 

each topic and subject area can now be covered in a co-ordinated manner 

from the molecular basis of drug action to clinical practice. Also the teachers’ 

individual skills and expertise can now be utilised in a more efficient manner. 

The research program of the department is not centred on a single theme, 

and is actually quite broad for the small size of the teaching and research staff. 

While this may be a limiting factor for excellence in research, it provides a 

broader base of experience and expertise to be employed for specific teaching 

assignments. Research is carried out on several levels of pharmacology, from 

molecular and cellular to clinical, covering both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. 

This gives depth to the teaching, is a source of motivation to the 

teachers, and also offers the students a broad range of projects to choose for 

their advanced studies. 

The senior teaching staff has been involved in the preparation of new Estonian 

language textbooks and teaching aids of pharmacology, which has forced 

the teachers to brush up their knowledge of pharmacology also in areas not 

central to their own research interests and to formulate a systematic view of 

43


44 

the aims and content of a modern curriculum of pharmacology for medical students. 

The textbooks are currently in use in the department, and are the following: 

• L. Allikmets, L. Nurmand. Pharmacology, Tartu, 1996, 670 pp, 

• L. Allikmets, L. Nurmand. Compendium Pharmacologicum. Tartu, 2000, 145 

pp, 

• M.-H. Otter, L. Nurmand. P. Pokk. Basics of Drug Prescription. Tartu, 2000, 

103 pp, and others. 

During past few years we started the process of transition toward use of 

electronic multimedia in a teaching process. Currently there are available the 

following courses (in Estonian) on-line: 

• Drug toxicology course (A.Zharkovsky, A. Kalda, A.Kaasik) 

• Pharmacology course for the students of dentistry (A. Zharkovsky, T. Zharkovsky, 

A. Kalda) 

• Electronic textbook in pharmacology "Ravim" (Drug) (A.Zharkovsky, 

P. Pokk, T. Kivastik, A. Lang). 

Weaknesses 

The weak point in our teaching process is our inability to provide all students 

with lab work, and via this methodology to demonstrate students how problems 

could solved scientifically. 


The availability of modern textbooks of pharmacology (the latest previous edition 

was from 1982) has allowed a reduction in the number of lectures and a 

corresponding increase in the volume of problem-oriented seminars and discussions. 

The students taking the basic pharmacology course are about to 

finish their pre-clinical training, and are very eager to learn about diseases and 

therapy. This high level of motivation is deliberately exploited in the teaching 

by presenting basic pharmacological principles in a clinically oriented, problem-based 

context. 

Critical evaluation of drug therapies is being taught in a seminar or critical 

reading of published clinical study reports (compulsory) and on an elective 

course unit dealing specifically with the planning, conduct, interpretation and 

review of therapeutic studies. 

A new integrated seminar in clinical therapeutics is being offered in the 1 th 

semester, organised jointly with the department of Internal Medicine. There 

are several electives, taught by Department members: 

• L. Allikmets: Pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases 

• L. Allikmets, V. Matto: Pharmacotherapy of Mental Disorders 

• T. Zharkovskaja: Antiinflammatory drugs 

• Zharkovsky, A. Kaasik A. Kalda: Introduction to Neurotoxicology (Theoretical 

course)

PHARMACOLOGY 

• Zharkovsky, A. Kaasik A. Kalda: Introduction to Neurotoxicology (Practical 

course) 

• Zharkovsky, A. Kaasik, A. Kalda: Methodology of preclinical research in 

pharmacology and Drug Toxcology (Practical course). 

• R. Pähkla, P. Pokk: Clinical Pharmacokinetics 

• R. Pähkla, A. Irs: Rational Drug Therapy 

• M. Otter: Use of Plants in Pharmacotherapy 

• M. Otter: History of Pharmacology 

• M. Otter: Developmental Pharmacology 

• T. Kivastik, P.Pokk: Toxicology of Drug Dependence. 

4. Name the factors which most disturb your teaching (excluding financial resources). 

Over the past 10 years (1990-2000) the curriculum has changed twice, 1990 

and 1996. The first change was done because Estonia became independent 

and sum disciplines in medical curriculum had to be changed. The second 

change in curriculum was more detailed and devoted more to develop problem-based 

teaching and to give to the students to select additional elective 

courses. 

Until 1999 we worked in building constructed 200 years ago, and there were 

several difficulties in organising both teaching and research. In August 1999 

we moved to brand new building were the lecture halls are equipped with all 

facilities for demonstrating materials on lectures and seminars. 

All three chairs in the department have educated personnel. During the past 

10 years 12 people have commenced doctoral degree. Department has 3 

professors, three docents and 4 senior assistants. 

Computer-aided learning and teaching methods have so far been utilised 

only to a quite limited extent. This has been partly caused by the short-term 

nature of the teaching time, discouraging systematic curriculum development 

work. There are good teaching materials in electronic form in Estonian (prof. 

Zharkovsky) but adoption of computer-aided methods would require a special 

room and considerable amount of preparatory work and self-produced written 

study compendia from the teachers. The teachers are able to prepare the 

material. 

II EVALUATION OF THE TEACHING 

5. How is the quality of the teaching in your department evaluated? 

A systematic questionnaire-based student evaluation has been carried out at 

the end of the basic pharmacology course in the 5 th semester every other 

year. The questionnaire has encouraged the students to write additional comments 

on the teaching in a blank space reversed for non-structured answers. 

The results of this evaluation have been discussed in a staff meeting. 

45


46 

The feedback-communication mechanism in drug toxicology and course of 

pharmacology for dentistry has been established via network. The teachers 

are always informed about the students’ opinion on the ongoing courses. It is 

very valuable and efficient method of evaluation of the quality of the course. At 

the end of each year the scores obtained during examinations are evaluated 

statistically and analysed in the department meetings. 

The course of pharmacotherapy, clinical pharmacology (8 th and 12 th semester) 

and toxicology (5 th semester) have been evaluated in an integrated 

student evaluation covering the entire semester. 

6. How are the content and the modes of teaching changed on the basis of this 

evaluation? 

The student evaluation of the teaching given by the department has been 

mostly favourable. Critical comments and suggestions have been discussed in 

staff meetings and improvements considered. The structure and proportion of 

seminars and group works has been increased, and experiments have been 

reduced and made elective. 

7. Do you evaluate how the students use the textbooks recommended or other 

teaching material produced by the department? 

Examinations contain questions evaluating the use of recommended textbooks 

and other teaching material. Seminars are conducted in an interactive way 

with active student participation; reading of course materials is controlled in 

these discussions. 

The available on-line teaching material and its use is evaluated in easy and 

efficient way. Each domain contains a counter enabling to count the number of 

entries per week, month and year. For example, according to our estimation 

the number of entries into electronic textbook "Ravim" averages 25-30 entries 

per day. 

III PEDAGOGIC TRAINING OF STAFF 

8. How many of your teachers have received pedagogic training? List the 

quality and quantity of this training? 

The teachers have had formal and some pedagogic training inside university. 

Most of professors and docents have been participating also in international 

congress where the teaching methods and developments have been discussed. 

9. Is there a need for further pedagogic training of the teachers in your department? 

Always needed.

IV. COORDINATION OF TEACHING BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS 

PHARMACOLOGY 



Not much done, exept co-ordination between pharmacology, psychiatry, pulmonology 

and internal medicine, especially in teaching clinical pharmacology 

and elective courses. 

V. FUTURE PLANS AND CONCIUSIONS 


All future plans are based on the 5 year (1999-2004) plan of innovation and 

good practise in teaching pharmacology and toxicology at the department of 

pharmacology. 

The major objective of this plan is to further develop working knowledge and 

enable the medical graduate to review critically his or her own therapeutic decision 

in patient management. 

Future plans to improve the teaching given by the department include the 

following. 

• Further develop computer-aided learning and teaching methods will be developed 

and introduced. This requires a considerable amount of preparatory 

work and more self-produced written study compendia from the teachers 

to enable the efficient use of English-language materials. Good programs 

are already available and in limited use in the department. 

• A new clinical pharmacological seminar on the use of problem-oriented 

drug information services is under development. 

• Participation of a clinical pharmacologist will be offered to all clinical departments 

planning to give therapeutically oriented elective courses. 

• New integrated elective courses will be planned and offered in the following 

topics: “Pharmacology and antimicrobial agents”, “Methods of clinical trials” 

(focusing on drugs used in general practice and on addiction and drug dependence) 

(together with Psychiatry and General Practice); “Pharmacological 

treatment of metabolic diseases” (together with Internal Medicine) 

• In years 2002-2004 we intend to establish teleconferencing technology 

between pre- and clinical departments and start do develop the working 

links between clinical and preclinical departments - to further implement the 

problem -solving methodology in pharmacolgy teaching. curriculum. 

VI. CONCLUSIONS 

Pharmacology, toxicology and clinical pharmacology will continue to be central 

parts of the medical curriculum. Education in basic pharmacology will focus on 

molecular and cellular mechanism of drug action. Education in clinical phar- 

47


48 

macology will be problem-based and integrated with the clinical specialities. 

Modern textbooks and other teaching aids allow a further reduction in the 

number of lectures, and the quality of teaching can be further improved by increasing 

the volume of clinically oriented problem-based seminars and group 

sessions. Modern teaching aids (computer programs and multimedia) will find 

an important place in the curriculum.

PHARMACOLOGY 

Pharmacology: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://orpheus.med.ut.ee/ravim/ 










Other way (describe shortly) Additional block with auditorium and teaching rooms to the 

Biomeedikum (ca 1500 m2) 








Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 


b) 1 (how many?) laboratories for practicals with places, equipped with 

Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 









6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): There is lack of teaching space 

in Biomeedikum and the shortage is increasing because the number of students 

increases 

49


APPENDIX I-I 



1996 Aleksander Zarkovski Karolinska Institute Sweden Research 2 weeks 

1996 Anti Kalda University of Kuopio Finland Research 10 days 

1996 Jaanus Harro Uppsala BMC Sweden Research 2 weeks 

1996 Lembit Allikmets European Research Commision Belgium Research 9 days 

1996 Lembit Allikmets TU Dresden Germany Conference 10 days 

1996 Margareete Otter FELASA Switzeland Conference 6 days 

1996 Paavo Pokk The XXIV Nordic Meeting on Biological 

Research 

50 

Finland Conference 6 days 

1996 Toomas Marandi Karolinska Institute Sweden Research 3 weeks 

1996 Toomas Marandi Karolinska Institute Sweden Research 8 days 

1996 Vallo Matto TU Dresden Germany Conference 7 days 

1996 Vallo Matto University of Uppsala Sweden Research 3 months 

1997 Ants Kask Hammersmith Hospital, Wolfson 

Conference Centre 

England Research, 

conference 

5 days 

1997 Vallo Matto Karolinska Institute Sweden Research 24 months 

1998 Alar Irs Institute of organic synthesis Latvia Research 12 days 

1998 Alar Irs University of Gröningen Holland Training 11 days 

1998 Alar Irs Center of Clinical Pharmacology 

Odense 

Danemark Training 2 months 

1998 Aleksander Zarkovski University of Helsinki Finland Research 7 days 

1998 Ants Kask University of Modena Italy Research, 

conference 

9 days 

1998 Ants Kask Los Angeles Convention Center USA Conference 10 days 

1998 Vallo Matto Medical University of Katowice Poland Conference 7 days 

1999 Aleksander Zarkovski ESBRA'99 Congress Spain Conference 6 days 

1999 Ants Kask Institute of Experimental Medicine Ungari Conference 10 days 

1999 Lembit Allikmets Congress of European Society of 

Biological Psychiatry 

Italy Conference 7 days 

1999 Paavo Pokk ECNP Congress England Conference 6 days 

1999 Tatjana Skrebuhhova Latvian Academy of Sciences Latvia Training 13 days 

1999 Vallo Matto Latvian Academy of Sciences Latvia Training 13 days 

1999 Vallo Matto University of Helsinki Finland Research 12 months 

2000 Allen Kaasik Universite de Paris Sud France Research 1 month 

2000 Ants Kask Medical Institute of Hannover Germany Research 1 month 

2000 Kersti Oselin World Conference on Clinical Pharmacology 

Italy Conference 7 days 

2000 Maie Toomsalu International Workcentre Sonnenberg Germany Training 14 days 

2000 Vallo Matto ECNP Germany Conference 6 days

APPENDIX I-II 

PHARMACOLOGY 



1996 Ants Kask University of Latvia Latvia 7 days 

1996 Toomas Marandi Karolinska Institute Sweden 5 days 

1996 Anti Kalda University of Kuopio Finland 7 days 

1996 Vallo Matto University of Uppsala Sweden 4 months 

1998 Alar Irs University of Odense Denmark 2 months 

2000 Kersti Oselin Humboldt-University Berlin Germany 8 months 

2000 Külli Jaako University of Kuopio Finland 1month 

2001 Kersti Oselin Humboldt-University Berlin Germany 5 months 




Contact person Institution Country Aim 

Sen res. Anti Kalda University of Helsinki, Haartman Institute, Dep. Of 

Medical Genetics 

Finland Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski University of Helsinki, Haartman Institute, Dep. Of 



Sen. ass. Vallo Matto University of Helsinki, Institute of Pharmacy Finland Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski University of Kuopio, Dep. of Neuroscience and Neurology 


Docent Margareete Otter University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Sen. ass. Toomas Kivastik Karolinska Institute, Dep. of Clinical Neuroscience Sweden Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski Karolinska Institute, Dep. of Clinical Neuroscience Sweden Research 

Prof. Lembit Allikmets University of Göttingen Germany Cooperation 

Sen.ass. Ants Kask University of Uppsala Sweden Research 

Sen.res. Allen Kaasik University Paris-Sud France Research 

Res. Alar Irs University of Odense Denmark Research 

Doctorant Kersti Oselin Humboldt-University Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology 

Germany Research 

Sen. ass Ants Kask Medical University of Hannover Germany Research 

Sen. Ass. Ants Kask University of McGill Canada Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski University of Lund, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center Sweden Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski University of Uppsala, Biomedical Centre Sweden Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski Instituto Nazionale Neurologico "C.Besta" Italy Research 

Prof. Aleksander Zarkovski Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Germany Research 

51


APPENDIX I-IV 



Arnold Hasselblatt University of Göttingen Germany Research,promotion, lectures,cooperation, 

several times 

Izjaslav Lapin Becterev Psychoneurological Institute 

Russia Lectures, opponent, several times 

Liisa Ahtee University of Helsinki Finland Opponent 

Matti Paasonen University of Helsinki Finland Research 

Edward Walaszek University of Kansas USA Research 

Mauno Airaksinen University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Vija Klusa University of Latvia Latvia Lectures, opponent 

Heiko Iven University of Lübeck Germany Research 

Karl-Friedrich Sewing Hannover Medical University Germany Lectures 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. Aggressive Behavior paper 

2. Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research paper 

3. Baltic Journal of Laboratory Animal Science paper 

4. Behavioral Brain Research online 

5. Biological Psychiatry.A Journal of Psychiatric Neuroscience paper 

6. Brain Research online 

7. Deutsches Ärzteblatt paper 

8. European Neuropsychopharmacology paper 

9. Journal of Neuroscience online 

10. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics online 

11. Journal of Psychopharmacology paper 

12. Nature online 

13. Nature Neuroscience online 

14. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology paper 

15. Neuroscience online 

16. Neuroscience Letters online 

17. Neuroscience Research online 

18. Pharmacology&Toxicology paper 

19. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior paper 

20. Progress in Neurobiology online 

21. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology paper 

22. The Sciences paper 

23. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry paper 

24. Trends in Neurosciences online 

25. Trends in Pharmacological Siences paper, online 

52

APPENDIX I-VI 


MONOGRAPHS 

PHARMACOLOGY 

1. Rägo L. Regulation and location of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites. Kuopio, 1991, 156 lk. 

50. Harro J. Studies on the brain cholecystokinin receptors and behaviour. Uppsala, 1993, 115 lk. 

51. Kivastik T. Mechanisms of drug addiction: focus on positive reinforcing properties of morphine. TÜ 

Kirjastus, Tartu, 1996, 108 lk. 

52. Pokk P. Stress due to sleep deprivation: focus on GABAA receptor-chloride ionophore complex. TÜ 


53. Pähkla R. Studies in pinoline pharmacology. TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 1997, 112 lk. 

54. Kaasik A. Thyroid hormone control over β-adrenergic signalling system in rat atria. TÜ Kirjastus, 

Tartu, 1998, 75 lk. 

55. Matto V. Pharmacological studies on anxiogenic and antiaggressive properties of antidepressants. 

TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 1998, 142 lk. 

56. A.Kalda. Oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death and its pharmacological prevention 

in cerebellar granule cells. Tartu, 1999,119 lk. 

57. A.Kask. Behavioural studies on neuropeptide Y. Tartu, 1999, 135 lk. 

58. T.Marandi. Drug treatment of depression in Estonia. Tartu, 1999, 127 lk. 

59. Skrebuhhova-Malmros T. Serotonin receptors in the action of antidepressants. Master Thesis, 

Tartu, 2000, 60 lk. 

60. L.Allikmets, L.Nurmand. Farmakoloogia. (õpik üliõpilastele ja käsiraamat arstidele ning proviisoritele), 

TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 1996, 

61. M.Otter. Farmakokineetika ja seda mõjustavad tegurid. Ilmub 2001.a. (käsikiri on valmis) 


1. Gvido Cebers, Aleta Cebere, Aleksander Zharkovsky. Glycine does not reverse the inhibitory actions 

of ethanol on NMDA receptor functions in cerebellar granule cells. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's 

Arch. Pharmacology, 1996, vol. 354, pp. 1-10. 

2. Gvido Cebers, Yan-Ning Hou, Aleta Cebers, Lars Terenius, Sture Liljequist. Chronic ethanol enhances 

NMDA-induced AP-1 activity in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. NeuroReport, 1996, 

vol. 7, pp. 000-007. 

3. Yan-Ning Hou, Gvido Cebers, Aleta Cebere, Lars Terenius, Sture Liljequist. N-methyl-D-aspartateinduced 

enhancement of activator protein-1 DNA binding activity is blocked by ethanol in cerebellar 

granule cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 1996, vol. 309, pp. 307-310. 

4. Yan-Ning Hou, Mila Vlaskovska, Gvido Cebers, Lubomir Kasakov, StureLiljequist, Lars Terenius. A 

μ-receptor opioid agonist induces AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor activity in primary cultures of 

rat cortical neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 1996, vol. 212, pp. 159-162. 

5. Jaanus Harro. The 1st regional meeting of European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 

(ECNP): current aspects in the psychopharmacology of mood disorders. Meeting Reports. CNS, 

vol. 5, No 3, Fall, 1996 pp. 4-12. 

6. Jaanus Harro, Lars Oreland. Depression as a spreading neuronal adjustment disorder. European 

Neuropsychopharmacology, 1996, v. 6, pp. 207-223. 

7. Jaanus Harro, Charlotta Löfberg, Rein Pähkla, Vallo Matto, Lembit Rägo, Lars Oreland, Lembit Allikmets. 

Different molecular forms of cholecystokinin and CCKB receptor binding in the rat brain 

after chronic antidepressant treatment. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol., 1996, v. 354, 

pp. 1-7. 

8. Jaanus Harro, Charlotta Löfberg, Jens Rehfeld, Lars Oreland. Cholecystokinin peptides and receptors 

in the rat brain during stress. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol., 1996, v. 354, pp. 

59-66. 

9. Ants Kask, Lembit Rägo, Jaanus Harro. Anxiogenic-like effectof the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor 

antagonist BIBP3226: antagonism with diazepam. European Journal of Pharmacology, 1996, pp. 

10. T.Kivastik, J.Rutkauskaite, A.Zharkovsky. Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition attenuates morphineinduced 

place preference. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behaviour, 1996, vol. 53, No 4, pp. 1013- 

1015. 

11. Toomas Kivastik, Kati Vuorikallas, T. Petteri Piepponen, Alexander Zharkovsky and Liisa Ahtee. 

Morphine- and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference: effects of quinpirole and preclamol. 

Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behaviour, 1996, vol. 54, No 2, pp. 371-375. 

53


12. C.Löfberg, J.Harro, C.-G.Gottfries, L.Oreland. Cholecystokinin peptides and receptor binding in 

Alzheimer's disease. J. Neural. Transm., 1996, v. 103, pp. 851-860. 

13. T.Marandi, M.L.Dahl, R.A.Kiivet, L.Rägo, F.Sjöqvist. Debrisoquin and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation 

phenotypes and CYP2D6 genotypes in an Estonian population. Pharmacology & Toxicology, 1996, 

vol. 78, pp. 303-307. 

14. V.Matto, J.Harro, L.Allikmets. The effects of cholecystokinin A and B receptors antagonists, 

devazepide and L 365260, on citalopram-induced decrease of exploratory behaviour in rats. Journal 

of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1996, vol. 47, No 4, pp. 661-669. 

15. L.Nurmand. Zur Geschiehte der Pharmakologie an der Universität zu Tartu (Dorpat). Mitteilungen, 

1996, No 19, 58-63. 

16. T. Petteri Piepponen, Jaana Katajamäki, Toomas Kivastik, Alexander Zharkovsky, Liisa Ahtee. Behavioural 

and neurochemical sensitization of morphine-withdrawn rats to quinpirole. Pharmacology, 

Biochemistry & Behaviour, 1996, vol. 54, No 4, pp. 787-792. 

17. Paavo Pokk, Toomas Kivastik, Diana Sobol, Sture Liljequist, Alexander Zharkovsky. Is upregulation 

of benzodiazepine receptors a compensatory reaction to reduced GABAergic tone in the brain of 

stressed mine? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol., 1996, vol. 354, pp. 1-7. 

18. Paavo Pokk, Sture Liljequist, Alexander Zharkovsky. Ro 15-4513 potentiates, instead of antagonizes, 

ethanol-induced sleep in mice exposed to small platform stress. European Journal of Pharmacology, 

1996, pp. 

19. Rein Pähkla, Jaanus Harro and Lembit Rägo. Behavioural effects of pinoline in the rat forced 

swimming, open field and elevated plus-maze tests. Pharmacological Research, 1996, vol. 33, No 

2, pp. 1-6. 

20. Rein Pähkla, Raivo Masso, Mihkel Zilmer, Lembit Rägo and Mauno M.Airaksinen. Autoradiographic 

localization of [ 3H]-pinoline binding sites in mouse tissues. Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 

1996, vol. 18, No 6, pp. 359-366. 

21. L.Rägo. Estonian Regulatory Affairs. The Regulatory Affairs Journal, 1996, vol. 7, No 7, pp. 567- 

573. 

22. Lembit Rägo. Multisource (generic) pharmaceutical products: guidelines on registration requirements 

to establish interchangeability. 34. Report. WHO Technical Report Series, No 863, 1996, pp. 

115-154. 

23. J.M.Aiache, A.Andayaningsih, N.Aoyagi, E.Beyssac, D.Blois, H.Blume, A.Bondani, M.Cone, 

M.N.Dauramanzi, T.Fushimi, U.Gundert-Remy, C.G. Guyer, F.D.Juma, G.Kreutz, L.Lacy, 

I.J.McGilveray, O.Morin, R.Nedich, R.Nijkerk, H.P.Osterwald, T.L.Paal, R.N.Patnaik, J.M.Peon, 

M.C.Pikaert, L.Rägo, B.Rosenkranz, H.Scheinin, N.Uemura, R.L.Williams. Multisource (generic) 

pharmaceutical products: quidelines on registration requirements to establisch interchangeability. 

In the book: Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals. A compendium of quidelines and related materials, 

1997, vol.1, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 62-104. 

24. J.Harro, C.Löfberg, R.Pähkla, V.Matto, L.Rägo, L.Oreland, L.Allikmets. Different molecular forms 

of cholecystokinin and CCKb receptor binding in the rat brain after chronic antidepressant treatment. 

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol., 1997, vol355, pp. 57-63. 

25. A.Kalda, E.Eriste, V.Vassiljev,A.Zharkovsky. Medium transitory oxygen-glucose deprivation induced 

both apoptosis and necrosis in cerebella granule cells. Neuroscience Letters, 1997, vol.239, 

pp. 1-4. 

26. A.Kask, J. Harro, P.Tuomainen, L.Rägo, P.Männisto. Overflow of noradrenalive and dopamine in 

frontal cortex after [N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine] (DSP-4) treatment: in vivo microdialysis 

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in Nreuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry (accepted 15.09.2000). 

132. R. Rudissaar, K. Pruus, A. Vaarmann, P. Pannel, T. Skrebuhhova-Malmros, L. Allikmets, V. 

Matto. Acute trazodone and quipazine treatment attenuates apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour 

in male rats without major impact on emotional behaviour or post mortem monoamine 

content. Pharmacological Research, 2001, in press. 

133. K. Pruus, A. Vaarmann, L. Allikmets, V. Matto. Five- minutes forced swimming decreases noradrenaline 

content in rat frontal cortex. Submitted to Baltic Journal of Laboratory Animal Science. 

134. T. Skrebuhhova, L. Allikmets, V. Matto Additive effect of clonidine and fluoxetine on apomorphine-induced 

aggressive behaviour in adult male Wistar rats, Resubmitted to Archives of Medical 

Research 


1. L.Allikmets. Rudolf Buchheim (1820-1879). Raamatus: Eestia arstiteaduse ajaloost. Koostanud 

Viktor Kalnin. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 1996, lk. 75-80. 

2. L.Allikmets. Agressiivse käitumise farmakoloogia ja farmakoteraapia. Eesti Arst, 1996, No 1, lk. 49- 

54. 

3. V.Kalnin, M.Otter. Georg Dragendorff (1836-1898). Raamatus: Eesti arstiteaduse ajaloost. Koostanud 

Viktor Kalnin. TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 1996, lk. 99-108. 

4. Vallo Matto, Lembit Allikmets. Koletsüstokiniin kesknärvisüsteemis. Eesti Arst, 1996, No 5, lk. 426- 

432. 

5. L.Nurmand. Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921). Raamatus: Eesti arstiteaduse ajaloost. Koostanud 

Viktor Kalnin. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 1996, lk. 115-118. 

6. M.Otter. Ravimite kasutamisest raseduse ajal. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1996, No 1, lk. 17-24. 

7. Lembit Rägo. Pricing principles and price levels in Estonia. NLN Publication No 2, Nordiska Läkemedelsnämnden, 

Nordic Council on Medicines, Uppsala 1996. NLN Baltic Conference 1996, 17-18 

June 1996, Tallinn, pp. 91-93. 

8. A.Lamp, M.Otter, A.Raal. Ankeetküsitlus sôltumusainete kasutamise kohta Tartu üliôpilaste hulgas 

1997.a. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, Nr. 3, lk. 5-6 

9. T.Marandi, J.Ruut, L.Rägo, R.A.Kiivet, F.Sjöqvist. Debrisoguiini ja S-mefenütoiini hüdroksüülimise 

polümorfism Eestis elaval vene elanikkonnal. Eesti Arst, 1997, Nr. 12, lk. 

10. T.Marandi,J.Ruut, L.Rägo, T. Agan, L.Aru, E.Ester, A.Järv, J.Müürsepp, T.Pärlin, S.Vääri, H.Vasar, 

M.Saarma, V.Vasar. Amitriptülliini ja imipramiini plasmakontsentratsioonide seos nende erinevate 

manustamisviiside ja ravi efektiivsusega depressioonihaigetel. Eesti Arst, 1997, Nr.4, lk. 316-324. 

11. M.Otter.Alkohol pôhjustab biorütmide desünkroosi. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, Nr. 1, lk. 16-17. 

59


12. M. Otter. 160 aastat Tartu suurima rohuteadlase J. Dragendorfi sunniest II. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

1997, Nr.1, lk. 8-10. 

13. T.Marandi, L.Rägo, V.Vasar. Depressioonihaigete raviskeemide analüüs Tartu Ülikooli Kliinikumi 

Psühhiaatriahaiglas. Eesti Arst, 1998, nr. 1, lk. 24-31. 

14. M.Otter. Tänavused kolm suurt tähtpäeva farmakoloogias. Fr.R.Faehlmann - 200 aastat sünnist. 

Eksperimentaalfarmakoloogia - 150 aastat. G.Kingisepp - 100 aastat sünnist. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

1998, nr. 1, lk. 27-30. 

15. M.Otter. Medical legislation of the Republic of Estonia in 1937. Annual Report 1997. Museum of 

Tartu University History. Tartu, 1998, vol. 2 

16. M.Otter. 150th anniversary of experimental pharmacology in Tartu. Annual Report 1997. Museum 

of Tartu University History. Tartu, 1998, vol. 2 

17. M.Otter. 200 aastat eesti rahvusest arsti, materia medica õppejõu ja kirjamehe Fr.R.Faehlmanni 

sünnist. Eesti Arst, 1998, nr. 1, lk. 70-75. 

18. A.Lamp, M.Otter. Narkootikumide kasutamine Tartu üliõpilaste hulgas aastail 1997-1998. Eesti 

Arst, 1999, nr 6, lk 524-526. 

19. A.Lamp, M.Otter. Narkootikumide kasutamine Tartu üliõpilaste hulgas aastail 1997…1998 (I). Eesti 

Rohuteadlane, 1999, nr 1, lk 3-5. 

20. A.Lamp, M.Otter. Narkootikumide kasutamine Tartu üliõpilaste hulgas aastail 1997…1998 (II). 

Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1999, nr 2, lk 3-5. 

21. A.Lamp, M.Otter. Alkoholi kasutamine Tartu üliõpilaste hulgas 1998 aastal. Eesti Arst, 1999, nr 5, 

402-407. 

22. K.Oselin, A.Irs, L.Rägo. Tsütokroom P450 isoensüüm CP3A4 ja sellega seotud raviminteraktsioonid. 

Eesti Arst, 1999, nr 5, lk 450-455. 

23. M.Otter. Legaalsed ja illegaalsed narkootikumid. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1999, nr 3, lk 5-8. 

24. M.Otter. 120 aastat Tartu Ülikooli Farmakoloogia Instituudi looja R.Buchheimi surmast. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

1999, nr 2, 19-21. 

25. M.Otter. 200 aastat eesti rahvusest arsti, material medica õppejõu ja kirjamehe Fr. R.Faehlmanni 

sunniest. Eesti Arst, 1999, nr 1, lk 70-75. 

26. M.Otter. Georg Barkan – Tartu Ülikooli farmakoloogiaprofessor aastatel 1929-1938. Eesti Arst, 

1999, nr 4, lk 356-360. 

27. Otter M. Psühhostimuleeriva toimega sõltumusained. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1999, nr 4, lk. 17-19. 

28. R.Rudissaar, K.Pruus, T.Skrebuhhova, L.Allikmets, V.Matto. [ 3 H]tsitalopraami sidumine roti ajukoores 

DSP-4 ja p-CPA manustamise järgselt. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1999,. Nr 1, lk 9-11 

29. L.Rägo, K.Raudsepp. Praha: kaks konverentsi, üks eesmärk. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1999, nr 1, lk 

28-30. 

30. Allikmets L. 25 aastat arstiteaduskonna aastapäeva järjekindlat tähistamist. Eesti Arst, 2000, nr 3, 

lk. 528-529. 

31. M.Otter. Tähtsamad vannideks kasutatavad ravimtaimed. Kodutohter, 1996, No 2, lk. 42. 

32. M.Otter. Kohvist. Kodutohter, 1996, No 1, lk. 60-62. 

33. M.Otter. Psühhostimulaatorid - amfetamiinid. Kodutohter, 1996, lk. 16-17. 

34. M.Otter. Kas tulivesi hukutab eestlased? Horisont, 1996, No 4, lk. 30-32. 

35. M.Otter. Üks probleemike ehitusbioloogi töömailt - kiirgussaaste. Ehitaja, 1996, N. 12. 

36. M.Otter. E.C.H.Schmidt ("Wasser-Schmidt"). Kalender "Olion", 1997, Tallinn, 1996, lk. 109-112. 

37. M.Otter. Vabatahtlik surmaotsus. Kodutohter, 1996, N. 5, lk. 8-10. 

38. M.Otter. Mônda kohvist ja kofeiinijookidest. Kalender "Olion" 1997, Tallinn, 1996, lk. 136-139. 

39. M.Otter. Jälgi ravimi säilitusaega. Kodutohter, 1996, No 6, lk. 21-22. 

40. M.Otter. Mida ma tean oma ravimist?. Kodutohter, 1996, N. 5, lk. 50. 

41. M.Otter. Maagilised seened. Kodutohter I, 1996, N. 6, lk. 14-15. 

42. M.Otter, V.Kalnin. 160 aastat Tartu suurima rohuteadlase Georg Dragendorffi sünnist I. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

1996, N. 4, lk. 8-11. 

43. M.Otter. Kiirgussaastest. Kalender 1998, Kirjastus Olion, Tallinn, 1997, lk. 109-110. 

44. M.Otter. LSD lugu. Kalender 1998. Kirjastus Olion, Tallinn 1997. 

45. M.Otter. Mis on LSD? Horisont, 1997, nr 6, lk.22. 

46. M.Otter, E.Mere. Aspiriin – kas igaks elujuhtumiks? Pere ja kodu, 1997, nov., lk. 14. 

47. M.Otter. Oopium, heroin, hiina valge. Kodutohter, 1997, nr 4, lk. 12-13. 

48. M.Otter. Kokaiin. Kodutohter, 1997, nr. 3, lk. 6-7. 

49. M.Otter. Biorütmid pärast pidu. Terviseleht, 18. juuni 1997, nr. 25(197), lk. 10. 

50. M.Otter. Suveajast loobudes säästame tervist. Terviseleht, 19. marts, 1997, nr 12(184). 

51. M.Otter. Hašiš ja marihuana. Kodutohter, 1997, nr 2, lk. 8-9. 

52. M.Otter. Kui ohtlik on ecstasy? Kodutohter, 1997, nr 2, lk. 10-12. 

53. M.Otter. Eesti narkodiilerite vôrgus. Kodutohter, 1997, nr. 2, lk. 12-13. 

60

PHARMACOLOGY 

54. M.Otter. Elektromagnetilised vônked häirivad meie biorütme. Terviseleht, 23. aprill 1997, nr. 

17(189), lk. 4. 

55. M.Otter. Suveajas pole midagi head. Postimees Extra, laupäev 27. marts, 1997, nr. 14(209). 

56. M.Otter. Rinnapiim ja ravimid. Pere ja Kodu, 1997, marts 3, lk. 39. 

57. M.Otter. LSD môjul tekivad müstilised kogemused, ilmneb fantastiline maailm. Kodutohter, 1997, 

nr. 1, lk. 17-18. 

58. M.Otter. Tudeng ja narkootikumid. Kodutohter, 1997, nr. 5, lk. 22-23. 

59. M.Otter. Kes tôi kanepi Euroopasse? Mis on marihuana? Mis on hašiš? Horisont, 1997, nr. 7, lk. 

25. 

60. M.Otter. Inimese ööpäev vööndiaja järgi. Postimees Extra, laupäev, 27. märts 1997, nr. 14(209). 

61. M.Otter. Maitsetaimed. Terviseleht, 17. detsember 1997, lk. 5. 

62. M.Otter. Iidsed armujoogid. Kodutohter, 1998, nr. 1, lk. 44-46. 

63. M.Otter. Millal avastati amfetamiinid? Horisont, 1998, nr. 6 (september), lk. 12-13. 

64. M.Otter. Teie küsimustele vastab. Pere ja Kodu, 1998, september, lk. 47. 

65. M.Otter. Mis on ecstasy? Horisont, 1998, nr. 2, lk. 30-31. 

66. M.Otter. Armas apteek avita! Pere ja Kodu, 1998, nr. 2, lk. 12-13. 

67. M.Otter. Taimed appi. Pere ja Kodu, 1998, nr. 4, lk. 15. 

68. M.Otter. Maitsetaimed. Kodutohter, 1998, nr. 2, lk. 56-58. 

69. M.Otter. 150 aastat eksperimentaalfarmakoloogiat Tartus ja kogu maailmas. “Kalender 1999”, kirjastus 

“Olion”, 1998, lk. 75-77. 

70. M.Otter. Kanepist valmistatud sôltumusained. “Kalender 1999”, kirjastus “Olion”, 1998, lk. 87-91. 

71. M.Otter. Eelärkamisaja suurkuju - Friedrich Robert Faehlmann. Horisont, 1998, nr. 8, lk. 8-10. 

72. M.Otter. Suveajas pole midagi head. Tervis, marts 1999, lk 28-30. 

73. M.Otter. Narkoäri on käibelt maailmas kolmandal-neljandal kohal. Ärielu, juuli 1999, lk. 30-31. 

74. M.Otter. Lahustid kui inimese seisundit muutvad ühendid. Kirjastus “Olion”, 1999, Kalender 200, lk. 

146-182. 

75. M.Otter. Toidutaimede raviomadusi. Kirjastus “Olion”, 1999, Kalender 2000, lk 179-182 

76. M.Toomsalu. Kuidas sai Johann Wolfgang Goethest meditsiinidoktor? Horisont, 1999, nr 1, lk 31. 

77. Ernits P., Kaasik A., Palli I., Reinap A., Piller M. Miks INFARKT armastab eestlasi?. Luup, 2000, 

20. marts, nr. 6, lk. 115. 

78. Kaasik A. Intervjuu Tartu Ülikooli farmakoloogiaprofessor Aleksander Zarkovskiga “Purjus hiired kiusavad 

nõrgemat”. Luup, 2000, 7. veebruar, nr. 3, lk. 112. 

79. Kaasik A. Pätiks sündinud?. Internetiväljaanne morning.ee, 10.10.2000 

80. Otter M., Otter K. Uute ravimite aprobatsioon. Horisont 2000, nr 3, lk. 36-37. 

81. Otter M. Ravimid ja unenäod. Stiil, jaanuar 2000, lk. 64. 

82. Otter M. Kas Eesti peaks suveajale üle minema? Luup, 2000, nr. 4 (113), 21. veebruar, lk. 19. 

83. Otter M. Põldosi osteoporoosi vastu. Kodutohter, 2000, nr. 9, lk. 51-52. 

84. Otter M. Osteoporoos. Minu Tervis, oktoober 2000. 

85. Otter M. Maitsetaimede ravitoimetest. Kirjastus “Olion”, Kalender 2001, Tallinn, 2000, lk. 143-144. 

86. Otter M. Maitsetaimed. Kirjastus “Olion”, Kalender 2001, Tallinn, 2000, lk. 139-143. 

TEXTBOOKS AND MANUALS 

1. L.Allikmets, L.Nurmand. Farmakoloogia ja toksikoloogia programm ning kordamisküsimused arstiteaduskonna 

üliôpilastele. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, Tartu, 1996, 28 lk. 

2. L.Allikmets, L.Nurmand, M.Otter, A.Zarkovski. Raviainete klassifikatsioon. TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 

1996, 50 lk. 

3. Leo Nurmand, Margareete Otter, Tamara Zarkovskaja. Farmakoteraapia ülesandeid. Tartu Ülikooli 


4. L.Allikmets, L.Nurmand. Farmakoloogia ja toksikoloogia programm ning kordamisküsimused arstiteaduskonna 

üliôpilastele. Tartu, 1998, TÜ Kirjastus, 28 lk. 

5. L.Allikmets, L.Nurmand, M.Otter, A.Zarkovski. Raviainete klassifikatsioon. Tartu, 1998, TÜ Kirjastus, 

49 lk. 

6. L.Nurmand, M.Otter, T.Zarkovskaja. Farmakoteraapia ülesandeid. Tartu, 1998, TÜ Kirjastus, 

7. M.Otter, L.Nurmand, P.Pokk. Retseptuuri pôhijooni. Tartu, 1998, TÜ Kirjastus, 104 lk. 

8. M.Otter. Toidu- ja maitsetaimede raviomadusi. Tartu, 1998, 241 lk. 

61


Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Pharmacology 

PHARMACOLOGY 


1. Lembit Allikmets Professor 1,00 Pharmacology Male 1936 Dr.Sci 1970 37 

2. Aleksander Zarkovski Professor 1,00 Toxicology Male 1950 Dr.Sci 1987 26 

3. Lembit Rägo Professor 1,00 Clinical Pharmacology Male 1955 Dr.Sci 1991 16 

4. Rein Pähkla Docent 1,00 Clinical Pharmacology Male 1966 Dr.Med 1997 9 

5. M.-H.Otter Docent 1,00 Pharmacology Female 1937 Ph.D 1968 25 

6. Tamara Zarkovskaja Docent 1,00 Pharmacology Female 1954 Ph.D 1982 20 

7. Vallo Matto Lecturer 1,00 Pharmacology Male 1969 Dr.Med 1998 5 

8. Toomas Kivastik Lecturer 1,00 Pharmacology Male 1970 Dr.Med 1996 10 

9. Paavo Pokk Lecturer 1,00 Toxicology Male 1966 Dr.Med 1996 10 

10. Ants Kask Lecturer 1,00 Clinical Pharmacology Male 1969 Dr.Med 1999 6 

11. Allen Kaasik Sr. Researcher 1,00 Toxicology Male 1970 Dr.Med 1998 7 

12. Anti Kalda Sr. Researcher 1,00 Toxicology Male 1965 Dr.Med 1999 5 

13. Reet Rander Researcher 1,00 Clinical Pharmacology Female 1973 M.Sc 1998 3 

14. Katrin Pruus Researcher 1,00 Pharmacology Female 1970 M.Sc 2000 3 

15. Alar Irs Researcher 0,50 Clinical Pharmacology Male 1973 3 

16. Külli Jaakko Researcher 0,50 Toxicology Female 1976 M.Sc 2000 2 

17. Maie Toomsalu Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1952 14 

18. Hiie Sarv Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1952 M.Sc 1976 20 

19. Annika Vaarmann Technical staff 1,00 Female 1975 B.Sc 1999 1 

20. Ulla Peterson Technical staff 1,00 Female 1947 33 

21. Sirje Henno Technical staff 0,50 Female 1952 29 

22. Oili Suvi Secretary 0,50 Female 1957 25 

1 Dr.Sci is a degree of the Former Soviet Union, which corresponds to a Dr.Med 

63



PHARMACOLOGY 

ALLIKMETS, LEMBIT Professor and Chairman, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu Born: 

June 18, 1936, male, Estonia, Tartu, 3 Taara Str. Education:1960 – graduated cum laude from the 

Medical faculty of the University of Tartu ; 1960-1963 – postgraduate studies in pharmacology at the 

Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad, Ph.D. in 1963; 1963-1967 – Research Fellow at the 

Division of Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology in the Central Medical Research Laboratories, 

University of Tartu; 1966-1967 – Postdoctoral Fellow at the Yale University (USA); 1968-1971 – Director 

of the Division of Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Tartu; since 1971 – 

Professor of Pharmacology; from 1972 – Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology, University of 

Tartu, 1978-1979 – Visiting Professor at the Universities of Wisconsins and New York University, USA; 

1975-1984 and 1989-1994 – Dean of Medical Faculty, University of Tartu; 1990 – (4 months) Fulbright 

lecturer at Yale University, USA, in 1995 – 3 months on TEMPUS stipendium in German Universities. 

Scientific degrees: M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. D.h.c., University Professor Administrative experience: 

Chairman of departments 1967-2001, vice Dean of the faculty 1973-75, Dean of the faculty (14 years), 

chairman of councels and societies Scietific awards and honours: 1975 – Award from the Government 

of Soviet Estonia for Scientific Achievements in Medical Research; 1976 – Merited Scientist of the Soviet 

Estonia; 1983 – Award of Krakov from the USSR Academy of Medicine; 1994 – Doctor honoris 

causa in Lublin. Main fields of scientific interests: Molecular mechanism of action of psychoactive 

drugs: neuroleptics, tranquilizers, antidepressants and stress- prodective drugs. Member of societies: 

6 international and 5 National Scientific Societies, chairman of Ethical Committee. Scientific 

achievements: Participation in the development of 4 new psychotropic drugs resulting in their acceptance 

for clinical use in USSR From 1981-90 Head coordinator of the Programme of Psychopharmacological 

Research at the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Organizer of 6 All-Union symposias in 

neuro-psychopharmacology in Tartu Member of the Editorial Board of 3 scientific journals of experimental 

medicine Scientific superviser of 18 postgraduates and Research Fellow applying for their 

scientific degrees (Ph.D., D.Sc.) Publications: 1961-2001 12 books, 310 papers, 110 conference 

materials and abstracts 

ZHARKOVSKY, ALEXANDER Date of birth: 31.01.1950 Gender: M Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Pohla Street 13-2, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Current position: Professor of Pharmacology & Drug Toxicology; 

Chair of Pharmacotherapy and Drug Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of 

Tartu Educational history: High school (Tartu University) graduation 1968-1974, MD degree, 1974 

Postgraduate School of Pharmacology 1974-1978, Ph.D. in Pharmacology, 1978 Research Fellow, 

Department of Pharmacology, Lublin Medical Academy, Poland, 1979 Wellcome Trust Research Fellowship 

Award: Psychopharmacology Research Unit, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London University, UK, 

1989-1991 Sigrid Juselius Foundation Research Fellowship Award: the Division of Pharmacology Department 

of Pharmacy, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland, 1991-1992 Wenner Green Foundation 

Fellowship at the Department of Drug Dependence Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 

1993 8. Membership in Sientific Societies: Estonian Pharmacological Society since 1976; 

European Behavioral Pharmacology Society since 1988 Member of Editorial Board of Naunyn 

Schmiedebrerg's Archives of Pharmacology since 1993 Member of European Society on Biomedical 

Research of Alcoholism since 1993 Member of the British Psychopharmacology Society, 1998; Estonian 

Toxicological Society 1988 9. Academic degrees (with year and university): MD - University of 

Tartu, 1974; PhD- University of Tartu, 1979; D.Sci.- University of Tartu, 1988 10. Employment and 

professional experience: Researcher, University of Tartu 1978-1979; Assistant, University of Tartu, 

1979-1980; Senior assistant, University of Tartu,1981-1983; Lecturer, University of Tartu, 1985-1985 

Senior researcher, University of Tartu, 1985-1991; Professor since 1991 11. Administrative experience: 

Member of expert panel, Brussel, IV Framework programme; Professor selection in Drug Toxicology 

(Finland) Professor selection in Toxicology (Finland); Member of the board of Grant Evaluation 

(Estonian Scientific Foundation): Several local committee activities 12. Honours and awards: - 

Wellcome Trust Award for fellowship on the studies of mechanisms of ethanol dependence 1989- 

1990; Sigrid Juselius Foundation Award for fellowship 1992 -Wenner Green Foundation Award for 

fellowship 1993 13. Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Pharmacological 

Society since 1976; European Behavioral Pharmacology Society since 1988; Member of Editorial 

Board of Naunyn Schmiedebrerg's Archives of Pharmacology since 1993 Member of European Society 

on Biomedical Research of Alcoholism since 1993; Member of the British Psychopharmacology 

Society, 1998; Member of EpharNet-European Network for Teaching in Pharmacology (Estonian Representative) 

2000 14. Current research program and grants: -Estonian Science Foundation: Grant 

No 3949 (1998-2001) -Ministry of higher Education, Project TARFR 0415 (1998-2001) -European 

65


Community 5th FWP (2001-2003) No: QLG3-CT-2000-01405 15. Supervision of dissertations: 

K.Cereska (1990) "The role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptros in the mechanisms of action of neuroleptics" 

PhD T.Kivastik (1996) " Mechanisms of Drug addiction: focus on positive reiforcing properties 

of morphine" PhD P.Pokk (1997) " Stress due to sleep deprivation: the role of GABA(A) receptor-chlorionophore 

complex" PhD E.Eriste (1998) "The neuroprotective actions of ketamine isomers" Magistry 

Thesis A.Kalda (1999) "Oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death and its pharmacological 

prevention in cerebellar granule cells" PhD 16. Publications: Current Contents Indexed Journals- 71; 

Chapters in monographs- 3; Abstracts - 124 (see attachment) 

IRS, ALAR researcher, Institute of Pharmacology Date and place of birth: July 3 rd , 1973 Tartu, Estonia 

Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Kaunase ave 55-16, 50706 Tartu, Estonia Education: 

Basic training:1997-postgraduate student, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Tartu Medical Faculty 

of Tartu University, MD, cum laude Secondary School No 2, present Miina Härma Gymnasium, 

Tartu Continuous training: 2000 Pharmacoeconomics in Decision Making, London School of Economics, 

London, UK 1998 5 th Training Course on Teaching Rational Drug Therapy, Groningen, The 

Netherlands 3 month training in Centre of Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University, Denmark Employment: 

Present occupation: Research associate, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Tartu 

Head Department of Registration State Agency of Medicines Service record:1997-2000Senior medical 

officer, GCP and Clinical Trials, State Agency of Medicines Contract lecturer Institute of Pharmacology 

University of Tartu Honours and Awards: Danish Government Scholarship 1998 Eric Mathiesen 

Scholarship, Estonian Student Fund in USA, 1997 Professional organisations:Member of the Estonian 

Society of Pharmacology, Estonian Medical Association, Estonian Junior Doctors’ Association, Estonian 

Society of Hypertension Current research programs: Pharmacokinetic interactions of newer antidepressants 

with drugs affecting cardiovascular system Pharmacoepidemiologic study in treatment of 

hypertension in Estonia Publications: 2 articles in international journals 1 review article in a national 

journal 6 conference abstracts 

KAASIK, ALLEN, senior researcher at Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu Date of birth: 

August 23, 1970 Gender: male. Citizenship: Estonian. Address: Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu Estonia. 

Educational history: Tallinn Secondary School N 5 Faculty of Biology (Biochemistry), University of 

Tartu M.Sci studies at the Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu and at Institute of 

Biomedicine, University of Helsinki Postgraduate Ph.D. studies at the Department of Pathophysiology, 

Univ Tartu and at Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki Academic degrees: M.Sci. in biomedicine 

(1994) Ph.D. in pathophysiology (1998), University of Tartu Employment and professional 

experience: 1994-1997 – lecturer, Dept Pathophysiology, University of Tartu 1997-1999-2000 (10 

months) – researcher, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, University of Paris-Sud, 1998- 

1999 – researcher, Dept Pharmacology, University of Tartu senior researcher, Dept Pharmacology, 

University of Tartu Administrative experience: Honors and awards: Membership in academic and 

scientific societies: Estonian Society of Pharmacology and Estonian Society of Biochemistry. Current 

research program and participation in grants: Estonian Science Foundation: “New perspectives in 

pharmacology of neurodegenerative disorders. Ministry of Education: “Drug dependence and neuronal 

death. Molecular mechanisms and pharmacological prevention ". Ministry of Education: "The mechanism 

of neuroprotective action of dehydroepiandrosterone" European Union: "Progressive myoclonic 

epilepsy and neuronal apoptosis. A genetic, molecular, biological, biochemical and pharmacological 

approach to cystatin B and cysteine proteases". Supervision of dissertations: Publications: articles 

in international scientific journals – 12 

KALDA, ANTI Current position: senior researcher, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu. 

Date of birth: July 23, 1965. Gender: male. Citizenship: Estonian. Address: Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu 

Estonia. Educational history: Tallinn Secondary School N. 47 (1983), Medical Faculty of the University 

of Tartu, M.D. upon graduation (1983 – 1991), postgraduate studies at the Department of Neurology, 

Tartu University (1992 – 1997). Academic degrees: Medical doctor Tartu University (1991), 

Ph.D. in pharmacology (1999). Employment and professional experience: Research student in Department 

of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden (6 month, 1994). Researcher in Department 

of Pharmacology, Tartu University (1998 – 2000). Senior researcher in Department of Pharmacology, 

Tartu University. Administrative experience: Honors and awards: Membership in academic 

and scientific societies: membership of Estonian Society of Pharmacology and Estonian Society 

of Toxicology. Current research program and grants: Estonian Science Foundation: Grant No. 3949 

(1999-2001) “New perspectives in pharmacology of neurodegenerative disorders. Ministry of higher 

Education: TARFR grant nr. 0415 (1998-2002) “Drug dependence and neuronal death. Molecular 

mechanisms and pharmacological prevention.” European Community 5 th FWP No. QLG3-CT-2000- 

01405 (2001 – 2003) “Progressive myoclonic epilepsy and neuronal apoptosis. A genetic, molecular 

66

PHARMACOLOGY 

biological, biochemical and pharmacological approach to cystatin B and cysteine proteases.” Supervision 

of dissertations: Publications: articles – 9, abstracts 18. 

PÄHKLA, REIN Associate Professor (Docent) 2. Date of birth: 27.04.1966 3. Gender: Male 4. Citizenship: 

Estonian 5. Address: Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: 1984 Jõgeva 

Secondary School - University of Tartu, Medical Faculty 7. Academic degrees: 1997 - PhD topic of 

dissertation: "Pharmacological studies of pinoline", University of Tartu 8. Employment and professional 

experience: - 1997 postgraduate PhD student in Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Tartu - 

1998 assistant in Dept. of Pharmacology 1998 - senior assistant in Dept. of Pharmacology – Docent 

(associate professor) in Dept. of Pharmacology 9. Administrative experience: – chairman of Estonian 

Society of Pharmacology – chairman of clinical pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology – head, 

post-graduate specialisation course in clinical pharmacology 10. Honours and awards: – 11. Membership 

in academic and scientific societies: - Estonian Society of Pharmacology 12. Current research 

program and grants: Clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Grant 4428 of Estonian Science 

Foundation: Optimisation of drug treatment regimens based on the results of pharmacogenetic and 

pharmacokinetic studies. 13. Supervision of dissertations: Currently supervisor of one MsC student 

14. Publications: Number of publications 42, from these 14 full-length articles in international scientific 

journals 

POKK, PAAVO senior teaching assistant of Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu Date of 

birth:18.03.1966 in Tartu, Republic of Estonia Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Räägu 

12, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: (1) 1973-1984 Tartu Secondary School No 2.; (2) 1984 - 

1990 student, University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine (3) 1990 - 1994 postgraduate student ,University 

of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology,. Academic degrees: (1) Physician 

(M.D.), June 1990, University of Tartu; (2) Doctor of medical sciences (Ph.D.), January 8th, 1997, University 

of Tartu. Employment and professional experience: (1) 1997 - 1999 assistant, Department 

of Pharmacology, University of Tartu; (2) 1999 - senior teaching assistant, Department of Pharmacology, 

University of Tartu; (3) 1999-2000 postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pharmacology, University of 

Tartu; (4) 2000 - senior teaching assistant, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu. Administrative 

experience: (1) Member of Organizing Committee of the Rudolf Buchheim Conference in 

Neuropharmacology (May, 1995); (2) Member of Organizing Committee of the 2nd Baltic Regional 

Meeting of Biological Psychiatry (June, 2001). Board member of Estonian Pharmacological Society 

Honours and awards: (1) European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Fellowship Award 

1999, presented in London, England at the 12th Congress of ECNP. Memberships: (1) Member of 

Estonian Pharmacological Society (member of the Board); (2) Member of Estonian Laboratory Animal 

Science Association. Current research program and grants: collaborator in following scientific projects: 

Drug and alcohol addiction studies Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: Peer-reviewed 

international full-lengths articles: 19; Peer-reviewed Estonian full-lengths articles: 4; Conference abstracts: 

34 Teaching manuals: 2 

JAAKO, KÜLLI Present position: Researcher (0.5 staff). Department of Pharmacology, University of 

Tartu. Postgraduate student in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2.Date of birth: 

04.12.1976 3.Gender: Female. 4.Citizenship: Estonian. 5.Address: Vaikne 18, 50303 Tartu, Estonia. 

6.Educational history: Hugo Treffner’s Gymnasium in Tartu. – 2000 Medical faculty of University of 

Tartu. Department of Pharmacy. April 2000 I have worked in the Division of Neurology, University of 

Kuopio (Finland) 7.Academic degrees: Baccalaureate. 8.Employment and professional experience: 

October 2000 to present – researcher. 9.Administrative experience: none. 10. Honors and 

awards: III award from Ministry of Education 11.Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

Estonian Society of Pharmacology. 12.Current research programs and grants: ”Drug dependence 

and neuronal death. Molecular mechanisms and pharmacological prevention”: Ministry of higher Education: 

TARFR grant No.0415 (1998-2002) European Community 5 th FWP No. QLG3-CT-2000-01405 

(2001-2003). “Progressive myoclonic epilepsy and neuronal apoptosis. A genetic, molecular biological, 

biochemical and pharmacological approach to cystatin B and cysteine proteases.” 13 Supervision of 

dissertations: 14.Publications: articles- 1; abstracts-5 

MATTO, VALLO, senior teaching assistant of Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu Date 

of birth:04.02.1969 in Tallinn, Republic of Estonia Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Aardla St. 21-14, 50112 Tartu, Estonia Educational history:(1) 1976-1987 Tallinn 42th Secondary 

School, primary and high school pupil; (2) September 1987 - June 1991 University of Tartu, Faculty of 

Medicine, undergraduate student; (3) August 1991- January 1992 University of Helsinki, Faculty of 

Medicine, undergraduate student; (4) January 1992 - June 1993 University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, 

undergraduate student; (5) June 1993 - graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, University of 

67


Tartu as a physician; (6) September 1993 - January 1998 University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, Department 

of Pharmacology, postgraduate student. Academic degrees:(1) Physician (M.D.), June 1993, 

University of Tartu (2) Doctor of medical sciences (Ph.D.), June 3rd, 1998 (cum laude), University of 

Tartu Employment and professional experience: (1)1989-1991 and 1992-1993 part-time nurse in 

Tartu Psychiatric Hospital, Children’s Department. (2) 1993-1997 part-time assistant, Department of 

Pharmacology, University of Tartu (3) 1997-1998 assistant, Department of Pharmacology, University 

of Tartu (4) 1999 senior assistant, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu (5) 1999-2000 

postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu (6) March 1999 – March 2000 

post-doc researcher, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University 

of Helsinki, Finland (7) – 2001 senior teaching assistant, Department of Pharmacology, University of 

Tartu Administrative experience: (1) Member of Organizing Committee of the Rudolf Buchheim 

Conference in Neuropharmacology (May, 1995). Honours and awards: (1) Winner of the scholarship 

of the “Ants and Maria Silvere and Sigfried Pant Memorial Scholarship at Tartu University Foundation”, 

1997 (2) The European Neuropeptide Club Award, 1997 (3) 3rd student prize of the competition organised 

by The Ministry of Education, The Republic of Estonia, 1997 (4) Lundbeck Eesti AS 1998 

award of psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry (5) European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 

(ECNP) Fellowship Award 2000, presented in Munich, Germany at the 13th Congress of 

ECNP (6) Poster prize at the 2nd Baltic Regional Meeting in Biological Psychiatry Vilnius, Lithuania, 

2000 Memberships: (1) Member of Estonian Pharmacological Society, Estonian Laboratory Animal 

Science Association (member of the Board, 1997-1998), (3) Estonian Society of Biological Psychiatry 

(secretary from 2000) Current research program and grants: collaborator in following scientific projects: 

The mechanism of affective disorders and the kinetic and mechanism of action of the novel antidepressants, 

principal investigator chair of pharmacology, Professor L. Allikmets (2) Grant 3379: Elucidation 

of the mechanism of anxiogenic/anxiolytic action of antidepressants, principal investigator 

chair of pharmacology, Professor L. Allikmets Supervision of dissertations: (1) 2000, Bachelor’s 

dissertation: Ruth Rudissaar, “The role of 5-HT3 receptors in apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour 

in rats” Publications: Peer-reviewed international full-lengths articles (incl. Accepted papers): 

31 Peer-reviewed Estonian full-lengths articles (incl. accepted papers): 3 Conference abstracts: 43 

KIVASTIK, TOOMAS Present position: senior teaching assistant (temporarily at 0.5 staff); Department of 

Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Project manager, Clinicum, University of Tartu Date of birth: 

31.01.1965 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Ravila 19, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Educational 

history: 1983 Tartu Secondary School N 5 1984 – 1991 Medical Faculty of the University of 

Tartu, Medical doctor upon graduation 1991 – 1996 Postgraduate studies at the Department of Pharmacology, 

University of Tartu, During 1992 – 1994 worked alltogether 9 months in the Division of 

Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki (Finland) as a visiting 

postgraduate student – 1999 post-doctoral fellow at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division 

of Alcohol and Drug Dependence Research, Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden); Academic 

degrees: PhD, 1996, University of Tartu Employment and professional experience: to 2000 – 

teaching assistant at the Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu; March 2000 to present – 

senior teaching assistant at the Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Tartu September 2000 to present 

– project manager of the feasibility study of Tartu University Clinicum Administrative experience: 

project manager of the feasibility study of Tartu University Clinicum (September 2000 to present) 

Honours and awards: Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Society of 

Pharmacology, Estonian Society of Biological Psychiatry, Society for Neuroscience Current research 

programs and grants: Mechanisms of drug addiction: role of brain dopaminergic glutamatergic and 

GABA-ergic systems. Current grants: one Supervision of dissertations: none Publications: articles 

– 10; abstracts 20 

ZHARKOVSKAJA, TAMARA docent of Department of Pharmacology 2. Date of birth:10th February 1954, 

Irkutsk province, Russian Federation 3. Gender: Female 4. Citizenship: Estonia 5. Address: Tartu, 

Pohla 13-2 6. Educational history: Secondary School of Sheberta Medical Institute of Irkutsk, Faculty 

of Pharmacy, 1976 7. Academic degrees (with year and university): PhD 1982, Department of Pharmacology 

8. Employment and professional experience: Postgraduate fellowship 1976-1980 Scientific 

researcher of Institute of General and Molecular Pathology 1980-1985 Senior assistant of the Department 

of Pharmacology 1985-1988, docent from 1988 9. Administrative experience: Participating in 

organizing scientific conferences 10. Honours and awards: - 11. Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: Estonian Society of Pharmacology 12. Current research program and grants: 

Estonian Science Foundation: “New perspectives in pharmacology of neurodegenerative disorders. 

Ministry of Education: “Drug dependence and neuronal death. Molecular mechanisms and pharmacological 

prevention ". Ministry of Education: "The mechanism of neuroprotective action of dehydroepiandrosterone" 

European Union: "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy and neuronal apoptosis. A genetic, 

68

PHARMACOLOGY 

molecular, biological, biochemical and pharmacological approach to cystatin B and cysteine proteases". 

13. Supervision of dissertations: - 14. Publications: 64 

OTTER, MARGAREETE-HELGE docent of Department of Pharmacology 2. Date of birth:9th September 

1937, Tartu 3. Gender: Female 4. Citizenship: Estonia 5. Address: Tartu, Ujula 23, 51008 6. Educational 

history: II Secondary School of Tartu, 1954 Medical Faculty of Tartu, 1959 7. Academic degrees 

(with year and university): PhD 1968, Institute of Experimental Biology 8. Employment and 

professional experience: Healthcare Department of Tartu, Estonian Agricultural Academy 1959-1964 

Postgraduate fellowship 1964-1967 Scientific researcher of Institute of Experimental Biology, University 

of Tartu 1967-1977 Scientific researcher of Laboratory of Psychopharmacology 1977-1981 Department 

of Pharmacology, University of Tartu 1981-2001, docent from 1986 9. Administrative experience: 

Participation in organizations of scientific conferences Member of Board of Estonian Pharmacological 

Society 10. Honours and awards: - 11. Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

Member of Estonian Society of Pharmacology, Estonian Physiological Society 12. Current research 

program and grants: Participation in grant No 3379, Estonian Science Foundation : Research 

on antidepressants 13. Supervision of dissertations: 2 supervision of bacalaureus dissertations 

14. Publications: 397 

69

PHYSIOLOGY 

Name of Department: Department of Physiology 

Head of the Department: Professor Eero Vasar 

Name of Chair: Physiology 

Head of Chair: Professor Eero Vasar 

Subject codes: ARFS.01.030; ARFS.01.037; ARFS.01.005; ARFS.01.011; 

ARFS.01.018; ARFS.01.020; ARFS.01.028; ARFS.01.034; 

ARFS.01.038; ARFS.01.039; ARFS.01.040; ARFS.01.044; 

ARFS.01.045; ARFS.01.049 




Two major subjects are taught at the Department of Physiology: Biophysics 

and Human Physiology. The teaching of Biophysics takes place during the 2 nd 

Semester, whereas Human Physiology is taught during the 3 rd and 4 th Semester. 

Our medical school follows the classical way of medical studies. Main 

forms of teaching in Biophysics and Human Physiology are lectures, seminars 

and laboratory works. The course of Biophysics consists of 8 lectures and 12 

practical works, altogether 2 credits (48 hours of auditory work and 32 hours of 

independent work). The students have to pass during the studies two tests 

and the course will be ended by the exam. The course of Human Physiology 

consists of 32 lectures, 6 seminars and 32 practical works, altogether 8 credits 

(190 hours of auditory work and 130 hours of independent work). The participation 

of students in seminars and laboratory classes is compulsory. From 32 

practical works 24 are based on studies in humans (blood, respiratory, cardiovascular, 

kidney and molecular physiology), three are the computer-aided 

simulations (studies on the muscle and nerve tissue) and one is based on 

animal experiments (scoring of animal behaviour from the video recordings). 

Four practical works are based on theoretical discussions (endocrinology). Six 

seminars are devoted to the topics of integrative physiology (regulation of 

body temperature, osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and so forth). The 

knowledge and skills of students are assessed at the end of each practical 

work. Moreover, the students have to pass 10 written tests, dedicated to the 

different topics of physiology. The knowledge of students is also assessed in 

the end of each seminar. Finally, they have to pass the written exam. The 

exam consists of three parts: short questions (5 points), questions about different 

topics of physiology (40 points) and one extended question about integrative 

physiology (15 points). Altogether one can get 60 points from the written 

exam. However, a final estimate also contains the results of written tests 

(30 points) and seminars (10 points). Therefore, the maximal amount that one 

can get is 100 points. The final outcome is expressed according to an official 

rule of the university, ranging from A (91-100 points) to F grade (less than 51 

points). 

71


72 

In addition to these major topics several optional courses are taught in the 

Department of Physiology. These courses are following: Research methods in 

respiratory physiology (0.5 credits), Physiology of nutrition (1 credit), Consciousness 

– interdisciplinary approach (1 credit), Diffuse neuroendocrine 

system (0.5 credits), Basic neuroscience (1 credit), Neurophysiology of pain (1 

credit), Modern research methods in neurobiology (4 credits). The optional 

courses are consisting of lectures and seminars, and for successful passing of 

these courses the students have to write an essay and test. The exception is 

the Modern methods of neurobiology, where the students have to participate in 

seminars, to make the presentation about the scientific papers and to perform, 

under the supervising of scientific staff of a department, the experiments on 

laboratory animals. 

There are also several courses for the postgraduate students: Basic neuroscience 

(2 credits), Neurophysiology (2 credits), Biology of nerve cell (1 

credit), Modern approaches in neuroscience (6 credits), Neurobiology of emotions 

(2 credits), Neural correlates of consciousness (1 credit) 



During the past five years the main objectives of Human Physiology have not 

substantially changed. We are trying to follow several objectives in the teaching 

of Human Physiology. 

• General principles of body functioning: physical, chemical and informational 

bases of life processes. 

• Main regulatory principles of body functioning. 

• Overview of functions of the organ systems. 

• Introduction and training of classical and modern study methods in physiology. 

• Also our task is to underline the integration of physiological functions characterising 

the performance of the human body as a whole in health. For 

obtaining of this objective we have taken following steps: 

• We have included an essay question about the integrative physiology into 

the exam. We have established the seminars for a smaller group of students 

(8-12) to train their biomedical thinking and problem solving abilities. 

• During the last five years we have re-established the teaching of Biophysics 

at the Department of Physiology. In many universities this course is 

obligatory for passing of Human Physiology and, therefore, after many 

years the Department of Physiology has taken the co-ordination of this topic 

in the University of Tartu. The aim of a course of Biophysics is to study the 

physical processes related to the functioning of living organism. 

• Moreover, taking advantage from the molecular physiology we have included 

into the practical works a study of gene polymorphism and discussing 

the role of these genetic differences for the peculiarities of 

physiological functions in humans. Currently we have include a study of 

the polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene.

PHYSIOLOGY 


Strengths 

The teaching and scientific staff of department is well trained and motivated; 

most of them have a medical degree. They are ready to accept new technologies 

and respond to the feedback given by students. The senior teaching staff 

has got a good experience in the experimental physiology, especially in the 

field of respiratory and cardiovascular physiology, and in neuroscience. Several 

classical methods of physiology have been used during the practical 

classes: metabolic studies using the methods of Douglas-Haldane and Krogh, 

spirography, blood pressure measurement by Korotkoff. In addition, several 

original methods have been made available for the medical students, including 

the measurements of air flow by pneumotachograpy, alveolar ventilation and 

mean arterial blood pressure by differential oscillographic method. The using 

of computer-aided technology for studying of physiology of nerve and muscle 

tissue (action potential, muscular contraction etc.) by means of SimNerv interactive 

software. The application of modern methods of molecular physiology 

for the study of gene polymorphisms in humans. The application of modern 

technology for the demonstration of animal experiments (CD, video recordings 

etc). Last but not least, the senior members of our department translated from 

the German language into the Estonian the textbook of Human physiology edited 

by R.F. Schmidt and G. Thews. 

Weaknesses 

We may still have too many lectures, although their number has been much 

reduced in favour of class work in small groups. For a proper conducting of 

practical works the groups of students are too large. The selection of devices 

for practical works is small and the most of them will urgently need the modernization. 

The students do not always have a chance to perform the experiments 

by themselves. The limited amount of money allocated for teaching 

does not always allow to distribute the handouts among the students. 


• In recent years we have started to use the computer-aided programs for illustrating 

of physiological processes (e.g. heart cycle) during the seminars 

and practical works. Also the computer programs are used as the practical 

tools by students for the studying of physiology of the nervous and muscle 

tissue (e.g. SimNerv, SimMuscle, and SimPatch). 

• Using of a web page (http:www.ut/ARFS/) for the presentation of teaching 

materials. 

• In order to reduce the number of lectures, we have introduced 6 seminars 

for small group to discuss complicated and integrated issues in physiology 

(principles of regulation in the level of cell and whole body, control of body 

temperature, autonomic nervous system, control of acid-base balance and 

osmotic pressure). 

73


74 

• After many years we have re-established a course of Biophysics for the 

medical students. 

• There is a good set of optional courses helping students to get the most recent 

scientific information in the certain fields of physiology (Neurophysiology 

of pain, Basic neuroscience, Research methods in respiratory physiology). 

• Department of Physiology has good facilities for demonstration of video 

tapes. Currently we are using the video recordings for the teaching of behavioural 

physiology. The students have a chance to score the animal behaviour 

from the video recordings. 

• We have taken an advantage from the developments of molecular physiology. 

We have introduced the method of a study of ACE gene polymorphism 

to the set of practical works delivered to the medical students. 

• We have a re-arranged the course schedules of Human physiology in order 

to increase the activity of students during the classes by taking out the 

scores of tests, seminars and final exam in the forming of final grade for the 

course. 


1. The co-ordination of curriculum between the pre-clinical departments is 

very limited. 

2. We have translated the textbook of R.F. Schmidt and G. Thews “Human 

physiology” into the Estonian language, but university library is lacking the 

textbooks in the English (Guyton & Hall, Silverthorn etc). It is almost impossible 

to suggest the additional books, because there may be only 1-2 

copies of that in the library. 

3. The teaching load of teachers per week is high. 

4. The groups of students are too big (sometimes more than 24 students) for 

our laboratory space. 

5. The background of students is very different if we are considering their basic 

level of knowledge. Several of them are very poor in high school 

mathematics and chemistry. 




evaluation? 

There is no permanent system for the quality control in the Medical Faculty. 

However, during the last years the Dean’s Office of Medical Faculty in collaboration 

with the student organisations has started to evaluate the quality of 

teaching, including also the Department of Physiology. For that purpose after 

the exam the anonymous questionnaires have been distributed among the

PHYSIOLOGY 

students. According to these questionnaires several changes have been 

made. For example, the former oral examination of students was replaced by 

the written exam. The number of animal experiments was reduced to the 

minimum. As a matter of fact, the students do not perform any animal experiment 

by themselves. Instead of that the computer-aided simulations of the 

animal experiments have been applied. Also the quality of lecture illustrations 

has been increased significantly. 



A few teachers have attended formal courses of pedagogic training. Occasional 

lectures or demonstrations have been attended by a majority of the 

staff. 


We believe that the teaching skills of our senior members are reasonably good 

and obligatory courses may not improve them significantly. However, we see 

the need for the pedagogic training of younger members and Ph.D. students. 

This can be performed in the University of Tartu. 




The working load of our teaching staff is above the official limits and, therefore, 

the additional position of assistant is highly needed. The further specialisation 

of our teachers to physiology, biophysics and neuroscience will be a matter of 

near future. Forming of the chair of Biophysics at the Department of Physiology 

has been long time under the discussion, but not realised due to the lack 

of money. 




The closest relations we have with the Department of Biochemistry in the 

Medical Faculty, often we discuss the teaching matters with the members of 

this department and we also co-ordinate the teaching with them. Also we coordinate 

our teaching activities with the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, 

Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Philosophy since we are teaching 

Human Physiology and Neuroscience to the students of these faculties. 

75




1. As there is a profound change of paradigm in the life sciences into the direction 

of molecular level of organisation, we will keep our courses under 

permanent readiness to provide the latest theoretical knowledge and practical 

skills to our students. The integrative approach in physiology is clearly 

kept in mind. 

2. We are planning much wider use of interactive tools in teaching. 

3. The substantial improvement of teaching lab equipment is necessary. We 

are planning to obtain the modern teaching systems for physiology (e.g. 

PowerLab or Biopac Student Lab). 

4. We are aiming to include into the physiology course the classes where the 

students will work with the new scientific information (publications and databases). 

5. We are planning to decrease the number of lectures. Instead of that we are 

planning the introduction of new seminars (in sensory physiology) and 

practical works applying the methods of molecular physiology. 

6. Development of a quality control system in the department is obligatory. 

7. Publication of new teaching materials in Estonian using for that purpose 

our web page resources. 

8. There is an obvious need to improve the collaboration between the preclinical 

departments for harmonising of existing courses and syllabi. 

76 

9. Together with the development of basic courses there is an obvious need 

to increase the quality of Ph.D. studies. For that purpose the Ph.D. School 

in Neuroscience and in Medical Sciences has to be created.

PHYSIOLOGY 

Physiology: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: www.ut.ee/arfs/ 





- Rooms shared with another institution: 7 rooms with area of ~500 m 2 













Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 









6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): Due to the moving of the 

Department to the Biomedicum the teaching resources have been improved significantly. 

However, we are still lacking enough space for the performing of work in small groups, 

and there is no places for independent work. 

77


APPENDIX I-I 



1996 Aavo Lang/Docent Nottingham University UK Research 8 weeks 

1996 Aavo Lang/Docent Strassbourg France Conference 5 days 

1996 Eero Vasar, professor Melbourne Australia Conference 1 week 

1996 Eero Vasar, professor Toronto Canada Conference 1 week 

1996 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher Munich Germany Research 1 week 

1996 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher University of Oslo Norway Research 3 weeks 

1996 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Tampere University of 

Technology 

Finland Research 2 weeks 

1996 Rein Raamat, sen researcher University of Oslo Norway Research 4 weeks 

1996 Selma Teesalu, professor 

emeritus 

Lillehammer Norway Conference 1 week 

1996 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Kuopio University Finland Research 2 months 

1996 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Kuopio University Finland Course 1 week 

1996 Vallo Volke/Researcher Kuopio University Finland Research 2 months 

1997 Aavo Lang/Docent Vilnius Lithuania Conference 2 days 

1997 Andres Soosaar/Docent Casamicciola/Napoli Italy Conference 1 week 

1997 Eero Vasar, professor Riga Latvia Conference 1 week 

1997 Eero Vasar, professor University of Helsinki Finland Lecture 1 week 

1997 Eero Vasar, professor Nice France Conference 1 week 

1997 Eero Vasar, professor University of Cambridge UK Conference 1 week 

1997 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher IFMBE, Nice France Research 1 week 

1997 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent Hanasaari Finland Conference 4 days 

1997 Rein Raamat, sen researcher IFMBE, Nice France Research 1 week 


emeritus 

Montreal Canada Conference 1 week 

1998 Aavo Lang/Docent Bonn Germany Conference 5 days 

1998 Andres Soosaar/Docent Linkoping University Sweden Training 2 weeks 

1998 Andres Soosaar/Docent King's College London UK Training 2 weeks 

1998 Eero Vasar, professor Hamburg Germany Conference 1 week 

1998 Eero Vasar, professor Brno Czech Rep. Conference 1 week 

1998 Jana Kivastik, assistant University of Oxford UK Training 4 weeks 

1998 Jana Kivastik, assistant Hamburg Germany Conference 1 week 

1998 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher Kuopio University Hospital Finland Research 3 weeks 

1998 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher University of Latvia Latvia Research 1 week 

1998 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent Riga Technical University Latvia Meeting 4 days 

1998 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent King's College London UK Training 2 weeks 

1998 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Linköping University Sweden Teaching 2 weeks 

1998 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Kuopio University Hospital Finland Research 3 weeks 


emeritus 

Bornholm Denmark Conference 1 week 

1998 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Hamburg Germany Conference 1 week 

1998 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Brno Czech Rep. Conference 1 week 

1998 Vallo Volke/Researcher Aarhus University Denmark Research 6 months 

1999 Aavo Lang/Docent Marienhamn Finland Conference 4 days 

1999 Andres Soosaar/Docent King's College London UK Training 2 weeks 

1999 Eero Vasar, professor University of Zürich Switzerland Lecture 1 week 

1999 Eero Vasar, professor King's College London UK Training 1 week 

1999 Eero Vasar, professor Prague Czech Rep. Conference 1 week 

1999 Eero Vasar, professor Helsinki Finland Conference 1 week 

1999 Jana Kivastik, assistant Prague Czech Rep. Conference 1 week 

1999 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher Linköping University Sweden Research 2 weeks 

78

PHYSIOLOGY 

1999 Kersti Jagomägi, sen researcher Kuopio University Hospital Finland Research 3 weeks 

1999 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent Prague Czech Rep. Conference 1 week 

1999 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent Riga Technical University Latvia Meeting 4 days 

1999 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent King's College London UK Training 2 weeks 

1999 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent University of Linköping Sweden Training 1 week 

1999 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Linköping University Sweden Research 2 weeks 

1999 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Kuopio University Hospital Finland Research 3 weeks 

1999 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Kings College London UK Teaching 2 weeks 


emeritus 

Ronneby Sweden conference 1 week 

1999 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Edinburgh UK EMBL Course 2 weeks 

1999 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Prague Czech Rep. Conference 1 week 

1999 Sulev Kõks/Research Fellow Helsinki Finland Conference 1 week 

1999 Vallo Volke/Researcher NO society conference USA Conference 5 days 

2000 Aavo Lang/Docent Uppsala Sweden Meeting 2 days 

2000 Aavo Lang/Docent Helsinki Finland Conference 2 days 

2000 Aavo Lang/Docent Stockholm Sweden Conference 4 days 

2000 Aavo Lang/Docent Versailles France Conference 5 days 

2000 Aavo Lang/Docent Copenhagen Denmark Meeting 2 days 

2000 Andres Soosaar/Docent Indiana University USA Research 8 months 

2000 Eero Vasar, professor University of Oxford England Conference 1 week 

2000 Eero Vasar, professor St. Petersburg Russia Conference 1 week 

2000 Eero Vasar, professor European Union, Brussels Belgium Meeting 1 week 

2000 Eero Vasar, professor University of Hamburg Germany Meeting 1 week 

2000 Jana Kivastik, assistant Florence Italy Conference 1 week 

2000 Peet-Henn Kingisepp, docent Kaunas University of Technology 

Lithuania Meeting 4 days 

2000 Rein Raamat, sen researcher University of Illinois USA Research 1 week 

2000 Rein Raamat, sen researcher Kaunas University of Technology 

Lithuania Teaching 1 week 


emeritus 

Aland Sweden Conference 1 week 


emeritus 

Tampere Finland Conference 1 week 

2000 Sulev Kõks/ Research Fellow St. Petersburg Russia Conference 1 week 

2000 Vallo Volke/Researcher Aarhus University Denmark Research 1 week 

APPENDIX I-II 



1996 Sulev Kõks University of Kuopio Finland 2 months 

1996 Vallo Volke University of Kuopio Finland 2 months 

1999 Sulev Kõks University of Edinburgh U.K. 2 weeks 

1998 Vallo Volke University of Arhus Denmark 6 months 

1998 Jana Kivastik University of Oxford UK 4 weeks 

79






P.-H.Kingisepp University of Oulu Finland Research 

Kersti Jagomägi University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Rein Raamat University of Linköping Sweden Research 

Kersti Jagomägi University of Oslo Norway Research 

Rein Raamat Kings College London UK Teaching 

Jaak Talts TNO Amsterdam Netherlands Research 

Jana Kivastik University of Birmingham UK Research 

Eero Vasar University of Nantes France Research 

Eero Vasar University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Eero Vasar University of Ottawa Canada Research 

APPENDIX I-IV 



Prof. Alfred Strickholm University of Indiana USA Teaching 

Prof. Heikki Rauvala University of Helsinki Finland Research, teaching 

Prof. Michel Bourin University of Nantes France Research, teaching 

Dr. Colin J. Greengrass University of Singapore Singapore Research, teaching 

Prof. Juhani Leppäluoto University of Oulu Finland Teaching 

Prof. Johannes Piiper University of Göttingen Germany Teaching 

Dr. Rauno Heikkinen University of Oulu Finland Teaching 

Prof. A.Öberg University of Linköping Sweden Research 

Dr. B.Larsby University of Linköping Sweden Research 

I.Välimäki University of Turku Finland Research 

M.Wheatley Birmingham University UK Research 

Dr. Anssi Sovijärvi University of Helsinki Finland Research 

Prof. Esko Länsimies University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Prof. Rainer Rauramaa University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Prof. Pekka T. Männistö University of KUopio Finland Research 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. European Journal of Neuroscience online 

2. European Neuropsychopharmacology paper 

3. European Respiratory Journal paper, online, CD 

4. Nature Medicine paper, online 

5. Nature Neuroscience paper, online 

6. Neuron online 

7. News in Physiological Sciences paper, online 

8. Science paper, online 

9. Trends in Neurosciences paper, online 

10. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences paper, online 

80

APPENDIX I-VI 


MONOGRAPHS 

PHYSIOLOGY 

1. 

2. 1-70. 

3. V. Volke Pharmacological and biochemical studies on nitric oxide in the regulation of behaviour. 

Tartu, 1999, 1-56 (doctoral dissertation). 

4. S. Kõks Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced anxiety in rats: influence of environmental stimuli and involvement 

of endopioid mechanisms and serotonin. Tartu, 1999, 1-60 (doctoral dissertation). 

5. J.Kivastik. “Lung function in Estonian schoolchildren: relationship with anthropometric indices and 

respiratory symptoms, reference values for dynamic spirometry”, Tartu 2000, pp. 1-122 (doctoral 

dissertation) 


1. Jagomägi K., Talts J., Raamat R., Länsimies E. Continuous non-invasive measurement of mean 

blood pressure in fingers by volume-clamp and differential oscillometric method. Clinical Physiology, 

1996, 16, 551-560 

2. Jagomägi K., Raamat R., Pulges A. The effect of cervicothoracic sympathectomy on finger skin 

blood flow in patients with Raynaud s phenomenon. Sixth World Congress for Microcirculation Bologna, 

Italy, Monduzzi Editore, Int. Proc. Div, 1996, 961-964 

3. P.-H.Kingisepp, V.Pert, P.Loog, J.Talts, R.Raamat Estimation of mixed venous carbon dioxide 

pressure by a single breath method using various computing techniques. Acta Medica Baltica, 

1996, 3, 198-202 

4. Aarnisalo A.M., Vainio P.J., Männistö P.T., Vasar E., Tuominen R.K. Evidence for cholecystokininA 

receptors in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. NeuroReport, 1996, 7, 2167-2170. 

5. Volke V., Soosaar A., Kõks S., Bourin M., Männistö P.T. Nitric oxide mediates caerulein-induced 

suppression of locomotor activity. Neuropeptides, 1996, 4, 323-326. 

6. Bourin M., Malinge M., Vasar E., Bradwejn J. Two faces of cholecystokinin: anxiety and schizophrenia. 

Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 1996, 10, 116-126. 

7. Gacsalyi I., Gigler G., Szabados T., Kovacs A., Vasar E., Lang A., Männistö P.T. Different antagonistic 

activity of deranciclane (EGIS-3886) on peripheral and central 5-HT2 receptors. Pharm 

Pharmacol Lett., 1996, 6, 82-85. 

8. Volke V, Soosaar A, Kõks S, Bourin M, Männistö PT, Vasar E (1997) 7-nitroindazole, a nitric oxide 

synthase inhibitor, has anxiolytic-like properties in exploratory models of anxiety. Psychopharmacology 

131: 399-405. 

9. A.Aluoja, J.Shlik, V.Vasar, P.-H.Kingisepp, K.Jagomägi, E.Vasar, J.Bradwejn. Emotional and cognitive 

factors connected with response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in healthy volunteers. - Psychiatry 

Res, 1997, 66, 59-67. 

10. J. Kivastik, P.-H. Kingisepp Differences in ling function and chest dimensions in school-age girls 

and boys. Clinical Physiology, 1997, 17, 149-157. 

11. P.Plakk, P.Liik, P.-H.Kingisepp. Hot wire anemometer for spirography. – Med. Biol. Eng. Comp., 

1997, 35, 1-5 

12. S. Kõks, E. Vasar, A. Soosaar, A. Lang, V. Volke, V. Võikar, M. Bourin, P.T. Männistö Relation of 

exploratory behavior in elevated plus-maze to brain receptor binding properties and serum growth 

hormone levels. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 1997, 7, 289-294 

13. Gacsalyi I., E. Schmidt, I. Gyertyan, E. Vasar, A. Lang, A. Haapalinna, M. Fekete, J. Hietala, E. 

Syvälahti, P. Tuomainen, P.T. Männistö Receptor Binding Profile and Anxiolytic-Type Activity of 

Deramciclane (EGIS-3886) in Animal Models. Drug Development Research, 1997, 40, 333-348. 

14. Shlik J., Vasar V., Aluoja A., Kingisepp P.-H., Jagomägi K., Vasar E., Rägo L., Bradwejn J. The 

effect of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide on respiratory resistance in healthy volunteers. - Biol Psychiatry, 

1997, 42, 206-212. 

15. J. Shlik, A. Aluoja, V. Vasar, E. Vasar, T. Podar, J. Bradwejn Effect of citalopram treatment on behavioural, 

cardiovascular and neuroendocrine response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide challenge 

in patients with panic disorder, J Psychiatry Neurosci 1997, 22, 332-340. 

16. J. Shlik, E. Vasar, J. Bradwejn Cholecystokinin antagonists: potential role in the treatment of 

neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs, 1997, 8, 134-152. 

81


17. S. Kõks, A. Soosaar, V. Võikar, V. Volke, M. Ustav, P.T. Männistö, M. Bourin, E. Vasar. Opioid 

antagonist naloxone potentiates anxiogenic-like action of cholecystokinin agonists in elevated plusmaze. 

Neuropeptides, 1998, 32(3); 235-240. 

18. J. Kivastik Review: Paediatric reference values for spirometry. Clin Physiology, 1998 (6), 489-497. 

19. Volke V, Soosaar A. Kõks S, Vasar E, Männistö PT (1998) L-arginine abolishes the anxiolytic-like 

effect of diazepam in the elevated plus-maze test in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 351: 

287-290. 

20. P.Plakk, P. Liik, P.-H. Kingisepp Hot-wire anemometer for spirography. Med.Biol.Eng.Comput., 

1998, 36, 17-21. 

21. R.Raamat, J.Talts, K.Jagomägi, E.Länsimies Mathematical modelling of non-invasive oscillometric 

finger mean blood pressure measurement by maximum oscillation criterion Med. Biol. Eng. Comp, 

1999, 37, 784-788. 

22. M. Bourin, M. Malinge, M.C. Colombel, E. Vasar Cholecystokinin receptor agonists block the 

jumping behaviour precipitated in morphine-dependent mice by naloxone. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 

1999, 9, 37-43 

23. V. Volke, G. Wegener, E. Vasar, R. Rosenberg Methylene blue inhibits hippocampal nitric oxide 

synthase activity in vivo. Brain Research, 1999, 826, 303-305. 

24. S. Kõks, A. Soosaar, V. Võikar, M. Bourin, E. Vasar BOC-CCK-4, CCKB receptor agonist, antagonizes 

anxiolytic-like action of morphine in elevated plus-maze. Neuropeptides, 1999, 33, 63-69. 

25. S. Kõks, M. Bourin, V. Võikar, A. Soosaar, E. Vasar Role of CCK in anti-exploratory action of paroxetine, 

5-HT reuptake inhibitor. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1999, 2, 9-16. 

26. V. Võikar, A. Sooaar, V. Volke, S. Kõks, M. Bourin, P.T. Männistö, E. Vasar Apomorphine-induced 

behavioural sensitization in rats: individual differences, role of dopamine and NMDA receptors. 

European Neuropsychopharmacology, 1999, 9, 507-514. 

27. Soosaar The morphofunctional strategies to find neural correlates of consciousness. In: Neuronal 

Bases and Psychological Aspects of Consciousness. London, World Scientific Press, 1999, 541- 

545. 

28. Wegener G, Volke V, Rosenberg R. (2000) Endogenous nitric oxide decreases hippocampal levels 

of serotonin and dopamine in vivo. British Journal of Pharmacology 130: 575-80. 

29. R.Raamat, K.Jagomägi, J.Talts, P.-H.Kingisepp. Effect of Peripheral Vasoconstriction on the Beatto-Beat 

Measurement of Finger Blood Pressure. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical 

Engineering, Chicago, 22-28. July 2000. 4 pages on CD. 

30. R.Raamat, K.Jagomägi, J.Talts. Different Responses of Finapres and the Oscillometric Finger 

Blood Pressure Monitor During Intensive Vasomotion. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 

2000, 24, 3, 95-101. 

31. A.Nurmekivi, P.-H.Kingisepp. Capacity of the respiratory system and the potential to influence it. 

Modern athlete and coach, 2000, 38, 8-12. 

32. S. Kõks, P.T. Männistö, M. Bourin, J. Shlik, V. Vasar, E. Vasar Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the rat 

plus-maze model of anxiety B a possible relation to human disorders. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 

2000, 25, 33-42. 

33. A. Veraksits, I. Bileviciute-Ljungar, J. Maaroos, E. Vasar, T. Lundeberg Neuronal mechanisms 

contribute to corticotropin-releasing factor-induced anti-oedema effect in the rat hind paw. Neuropeptides, 

2000, 34, 129-134. 

34. Wegener G, Volke V, Bandpey Z, Rosenberg R. (2001) Nitric oxide modulates lithium-induced conditioned 

taste aversion. Behavioral Brain Research 118: 195-200. 


1. Jagomägi K., Viigimaa M., Hendrikson E., Talts J., Raamat R., Teesalu R. Arteriaalse vererõhu ja 

südame löögisageduse variaabelsuse määramine funktsionaalsete testide ajal. südamelihase infarkti 

ägedas faasis. Eesti Arst, 1996, 2, 105-108 

62. J. Kivastik, P.-H. Kingisepp Voolu-mahu lingu näitajate hajuvus laste kordusuuringutel. Eesti Arst, 

1996, 5, 410-412. 

63. P.-H. Kingisepp, J. Kivastik Lämmastiku üksihingamistesti rakendamisest kopsude funktsionaalse 

seisundi hindamisel. Eesti Arst, 1997, 5, 396-400. 

64. P.-H.Kingisepp, V.Pert Kopsude difusioonivõime määramine CO üksikhingamispeetuse meetodil 

Eesti Arst 1998, 6, 499-501. 

65. R.Raamat, J.Talts, K.Jagomägi. Theoretical study of discrepancies in estimation of mean blood 

pressure by Marey’s criterion. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Eng., 1999, 5, 4, 281-292. 

66. P.-H.Kingisepp Georg Kingisepa meditsiiniõpingutest Heidelbergis. Eesti Arst, 1999, 2, 166-171. 

82

PHYSIOLOGY 

67. J.Kivastik, P.-H.Kingisepp Voolu-mahu lingu näitajad tervetel ja hingamiskaebustega lastel. Eesti 

Arst, 1999, 4, 291-294. 

SUBMITTED PAPERS 

1. K.Jagomägi, R.Raamat, J.Talts. Effect of Peripheral Vasomotion on the Measurement of Finger 

Blood Pressure. Blood Pressure Monitoring. 2001, 6, (Accepted). 

2. P.-H.Kingisepp, K.Jagomägi, R.Raamat. Changes of heart rate and blood pressure in registration 

of forced respiration flow-volume loop. Clinical Physiology, 2001, 21, (Accepted) 

3. R.Raamat, K.Jagomägi, J.Talts, E.Länsimies, J.Jurvelin, P.Kolari. Continuous mean arterial pressure 

measurement in the fingers: the influence of hand local cooling. Journal of Medical Engineering 

and Technology, 2001 (Accepted). 

4. R.Raamat, R.Lõhmus, A.Lõhmus, P.Liblik, M.Lobjakas, L.Montelius, J.Lindahl, D.Erts, H.Olin. Piezoresonance 

driver for positioning in scanning probe microscope in a wide temperature range. Ferroelectrics. 

Submitted. 

5. J.Kivastik, P.-H.Kingisepp Spirometric reference values in Estonian schoolchildren, Clinical Physiology, 

submitted. 

6. Kõks S, Beljajev S, Koovit I, Abramov U, Bourin M, Vasar E 8-OH-DPAT, but not deramciclane, 

antagonizes the anxiogenic-like action of paroxetine in elevated plus-maze. Psychopharmacology, 

2000 (online publication 14/12/2000). 

7. Võikar V, Kõks S, Vasar E, Rauvala H Strain and gender differences in the behavior of mouse lines 

commonly used in transgenic studies. Physiology & Behavior, 2001 (in press). 

8. S. Kõks, U. Abramov, T. Sillat, A. Veraksitš, M. Bourin 2 , T. Matsui 1 , E. Vasar CCK2 receptordeficient 

mice have increased sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors. Neuropeptides, 2001 (submitted). 


1. J.Kivastik, P.-H.Kingisepp. “Lung function testing in children”, Tartu 1999, pp. 1–28 (in Estonian, 

guidelines for the assessment of flow-volume curves). 

2. R.F.Schmidt, G.Thews Inimese füsioloogia, Tartu 1997 (ISBN 9985-60-309-5) P.-H.Kingisepa tõlgitud 

peatükid 7., 8. (lk 176-206), 15. (lk 340-348), 21, 22, 23, 24 (lk 574-659) ja indeksi koostamine 

lk. 847-880 

3. P.-H.Kingisepp (toimetaja). Koostajad: K.Jagomägi, P.-H.Kingisepp, V.Pert, A.Soosaar, I.-O.Vaasa 

Füsioloogia praktikum I Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus Tartu 1999, 125 lk. 

4. P.-H.Kingisepp Inimese füsioloogia Atlex Tartu 2000, 265 lk. 

83


Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Physiology 

PHYSIOLOGY 


1. Eero Vasar Professor 1,00 Physiology Male 1954 Dr.Med 1992 17 

2. Selma Teesalu Professor Emeritus Physiology Female 1930 Dr.Med 1975 47 

3. Peet-Henn Kingisepp Docent 1,00 Physiology Male 1936 Cand.Sci 1973 37 

4. Andres Soosaar Docent 1,00 Physiology Male 1961 Cand.Sci 1989 12 

5. Aavo Lang Docent 1,00 Physiology Male 1964 Dr.Med 1995 12 

6. Vello Pert Lecturer 1,00 Physiology Male 1940 Cand.Sci 

7. Ivar-Olavi Vaasa Lecturer 1,00 Physiology Male 1941 23 

8. Jana Kivastik Assistant 1,00 Physiology Female 1967 Dr.Med 2000 6 

9. Kertu Rünkorg Assistant 1,00 Physiology Female 1973 2 

10. Jüri Vedru Sr. Researcher 0,50 Biophysics Male 1948 Cand.Sci 1988 28 

11. Rein Raamat Sr. Researcher 1,00 Biophysics Male 1941 Cand.Sci 1977 23 

12. Kersti Jagomägi Sr. Researcher 1,00 Biophysics Female 1942 Cand.Sci 1975 33 

13. Sulev Kõks Researcher 1,00 Neuroscience Male 1971 Ph.D 1999 7 

14. Vallo Volke Researcher 1,00 Neuroscience Male 1971 Dr.Med 1999 7 

15. Ljudmilla Savihhina Sr. Engineer 1,00 Female 1948 25 

16. Hele-Mall Laumann Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1931 13 

17. Nevel Mölder Secretary 1,00 Female 1975 1 

1 Cand.Sci is degree of the Former Soviet Union which corresponds to a Ph.D 

85



PHYSIOLOGY 

VASAR, EERO Date of birth: 17.09.1954Gender: maleCitizenship: EstoniaAddress: 27 Hurda Street, 

51005 Tartu, EstoniaEducational history: 1973-1979 - Student, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu 

1979-1983 - Ph.D. student, Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of TartuAcademic 

degrees (with year and university): Doctor of Medical Sciences, 5/02/1992: "Role of 

cholecystokinin receptors in the regulation of behaviour and in the action of haloperidol and 

diazepam", University of Tartu1992 - Professor of Physiology, University of TartuEmployment and 

professional experience: 1983-1991 - Head, Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Institute of General 

and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu.1991-up to now- Professor and Head, Department of 

Physiology, University of Tartu. Administrative experience: Vice Dean of Research and Development, 

Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, 2000Honours and awards:Membership in academic and 

scientific societies: 1991 - up to now - a president of the Estonian Physiological Society1991 - a 

member of the Estonian Pharmacological Society1992 - a member of the Estonian Society of 

Biological Psychiatry1994 - a member of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society1996 - a 

member of the Estonian Science Award Committee1996 – a council member of the Federation of 

European Physiological Societies1997 - a member of the Estonian Science Competence Board1998 - 

a member of the European College of NeuropsychopharmacologyCurrent research program and 

grants: 1999-2002 - The research grant from the Estonian Science Foundation “Generation and 

characterization of brain-specific CCKB knockout mouse: new model for investigating the role of 

cholecystokinin in the central nervous system”. 1999-2001 - James S. McDonnel Foundation Grant 

(U.S.A.) “Neuropeptide receptor signal transduction as a target for drug development for the treatment 

of cognitive disorders”Supervision of dissertations: Andres Soosaar, Ph.D. degree in 1989Jaanus 

Harro, Ph.D. degree in 1990Aavo Lang, Ph.D. degree in 1995Sulev Kõks - Ph.D.degree in 1999Vallo 

Volke - Ph.D. degree in 1999Publications: more than 250 full and short scientific papers 

TEESALU, SELMA Date of birth: 15.Dec. 1930Gender: FemaleCitizenship: EstoniaAddress: Sõpruse 

pst. 3-13,Tartu 50605, EstoniaEducational history: 1954 Medical Faculty of Tartu UniversityAcademic 

degrees (with year and university): Ph.D 1965 University of TartuM.D 1975 Universty of TartuEmployment 

and professional experience: 1953 Department of Physiology Universty of Tartu 

1967 Assist. Prof.1977-1995 Prof.1995 Prof. EmeritusAdministrative experience: noneHonours and 

awards: medal of the Faculty of Medicine, Universty of Tartu 1996Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: Estonian physiologiacal Society; Estonian Society of Osteoporosis; Estonian Society 

of Nutritional SciensiesCurrent research program and grants: Investigation of OsteoporosisSupervision 

of dissertations: Ph.D Meeli Roosalu, 1984Publications: 162 

KINGISEPP, PEET-HENN 2. Date of birth: 10 December 19363. Gender: male4. Citizenship: Estonian5. 

Address: Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 

50411 ESTONIA6. Educational history: 1954-1961 University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine7. Academic 

degrees: PhD 1973 Regulation of external respiration during intermittent and continuous 

physical exercise8. Employment and professional experience: 1963-1970 researcher at the laboratory 

of biophysics, University of Tartu,1970-73 PhD student at the Dept. of Physiology, 1973-75 assistant 

at the Dept. of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1975-78 sen. lecturer at the Dept. of Physiology, 

from 1980 associate professor at the Dept. of Physiology9. Administrative experience: Participation 

in EU Tempus Programme Project S_JEP-12402-9710. Honors/awards: medal of the Faculty 

of Medicine, University of Tartu 199711. Membership in academic and scientific societies: member 

of Executive Committe of Estonian Society of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics and 

member of the Estonian Physiological Society12. Current research program and grant: Studies on 

respiratory and cardiovascular physiology, automatization of lung function studies.Target financed 

project - Investigation of external respiration and circulation in children and adults TARFS 

0417Estonian Science Foundation grant No 4363 Lung function studies in Estonian schoolchildren 

Studies on dynamic and static lung parameters and diffusing capacity in adults13. Supervision of dissertations 

Jana Kivastik Lung function in Estonian Schoolchildren: relationship with anthropometric indices 

and respiratory symptoms, reference values for dynamic spirometry Tartu 200014. 

Publications: 139 publications 

SOOSAAR, ANDRES Date of birth: July 2, 1961Gender: maleCitizenship: EstoniaAddress: Biomeedikum, 

Dept. Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu 50411, EstoniaEducational history: 

University of Tartu, Medical School, MD, 19851985-88 - Postgraduate Student, Departments of 

Pharmacology and Physiology, University of TartuAcademic degrees (with year and university): Can- 

87


didate of Medical Sciences, 1989, University of TartuEmployment and professional experience: 

1988-1989 - Research Scientist, Psychopharmacology Lab, Institute of General and Molecual Pathology, 

University of Tartu1989-94 - Lecturer, Department of Physiology, University of TartuSince 1994 -- 

Associate Professor, Dept. Physiology, University of TartuJanuary-August 2000 - Research Scientist, 

Indiana University Bloomington, USA.Administrative experience: 1988-99 - A person in charge of 

the Tempus project S_JEP-12402-97 "Baltic Biomedical Engineering and Physics Courses" in the University 

of TartuHonours and awards: -Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian 

Physiological Society; Association for the Scientific Study of ConsciousnessCurrent research program 

and grants: Study of neural correlates of consciousnessSupervision of dissertations: - 

Publications: 55 scientific papers and short communications 

LANG, AAVO Date of birth: 15.06.1964Gender: MaleCitizenship: EstonianAddress: University of 

Tartu, Department of Physiology, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaEducational history: Medical Faculty, 

University of Tartu 1982-1988Academic degrees (with year and university): Dr. med. in 1995, 

University of TartuEmployment and professional experience:University of Tartu, Dept Science, 

laboratorian, 1988-1989University of Tartu, Dept Science, junior scientist, 1990-1992University of 

Tartu, IGMP, scientist, 1992University of Tartu, Dept Physiol, assistant, 1992-1997University of Tartu, 

Deptt Physiol, senior assistant, 1997 -2001University of Tartu, Deptt Physiol, assistant professor, 

2001- ...Trainining at University of Helsinki 1992-1994, Nottingham University 1996, 

etcAdministrative experience:Since 2000 – responsible person dealing with graduate studies in 

Medical Faculty;Member of organization committee of several scientific meetingsHonours and 

awards:Membership in academic and scientific societies: Scandinavian Society for Laboratory 

Animal Science – board member, Estonian Society for Laboratory Animal Science – president, Member 

in Estonian Society of Physiology and Estonian Society of Pharmacology. Editorial Board member 

of Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal ScienceCurrent research program and grants:Grant 

from Estonian Science Foundation, grant holder (1998-2001): Relation of depression and suicide to 

serotonin transporter gene polymorphismSupervision of dissertations: currently 1 PhD student 

(Eduard Maron) and 1 MSc student (Anne Must)Publications: 28 (cited in CC), 100 (including abstracts 

and other papers) 

PERT, VELLO 2. Date of birth:03.04.19403. Gender:Male4. Citizenship:Estonian5. Address:Dept. of 

Physiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia6. Educational history:1963-1968 

University of Tartu, Faculty of Biology7. Academic degrees (with year and university):Cand. Biol. 

1990, University of Tartu8. Employment and professional experience:1968-1990 assistant, 1990- 

2001 senior assistant at the Dept. of Physiology, University of Tartu9. Administrative 

experience:none10. Honours and awards:none11. Membership in academic and scientific 

societies:Estonian Physiological Society12. Current research program and grants:Target financed 

project No. TARFS 0417: Investigation of external respiration and circulation in children and 

adultsGrant No. 4363 from the Estonian Science Foundation: Studies on dynamic and static lung 

parameters and diffusing capacity in adults13. Supervision of dissertations:none14. Publications: 

20 scientific publications 

VAASA, IVAR-OLAVI 2. Date of birth: 19. 10. 1941.3. Gender: Male4. Citizenship: Estonian5. 

Address: Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Department of physiology6. Educational history: Medical Faculty, 

University of Tartu 1963-19697. Academic degrees (with year and university): none8. Employment 

and professional experience:University of Tartu, Dept. physiol., assistant, 1978-1987I Medical 

Insitute of Sankt Peterburg, Faculty of Raise of Qualification, 1983University of Tartu, Dept. Physiol., 

senior assistant, 1987 - I Medical Institute of Moscow, Department of Physiology and Refresher 

Courses for Lecturer of High School, 19889. Administrative experience: Director of the Medical 

School of Tartu, 1972-197810. Honours and awards: 11. Membership in academic and scentific 

societes: Estonian Society of Physiology, member;Estonian Society of Osteoporosis, member; Estonian 

Society of Nutritional Science, member;12. Current research program and grants: Grant from 

Science Foundation (1999 - 2001): The prevention of osteoporosis in female students 20-25 years old 

of the Tartu University and Estonian Agricultural Unversity.13. Supervision of dissertations: none14. 

Publications: 42 (incl. abstracts) 

KIVASTIK, JANA Date of birth: 28 January, 1967Gender: femaleCitizenship: EstonianAddress: Dept. 

of Physiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, EstoniaEducational history: 1985-1992 

University of Tartu, Faculty of MedicinePhD student at the Dept. of Physiology, University of TartuAcademic 

degrees (with year and university): Dr.Med. 2000 University of Tartu8. Employment and 

professional experience: Dept. of Physiology, University of Tartu, Assistant from 19949. Administrative 

experience: member of the organizing committee of following meetings: "I Estonian-Finnish 

88

PHYSIOLOGY 

meeting on physiology" 1992, "Baltic/Scandinavian physiology meeting" 1993,"Laboratory animals in 

biomedical research" 1994, "Rudolf Buchheim Conference" 1995,"Research, animals and welfare" 

1997.10. Honours and awards: none11. Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian 

Physiological Society, Europen Respiratory Society12. Current research program and 

grants:Target financed project No. TARFS 0417: Investigation of external respiration and circulation in 

children and adults Grant No. 4363 from the Estonian Science Foundation: Studies on dynamic and 

static lung parameters and diffusing capacity in adults 13. Supervision of dissertations: none14. 

Publications: 29 scientific publications 

RÜNKORG, KERTU 2. Date of birth:17.08.19733. Gender:Female4. Citizenship:Estonian5. Address: 

Dept. of Physiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia6. Educational history:1997 

University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine7. Academic degrees (with year and university): none8. 

Employment and professional experience:1998-2001 assistant University of Tartu9. 

Administrative experience:none10. Honours and awards:none11. Membership in academic and 

scientific societies: none12. Current research program and grants: none13. Supervision of 

dissertations:none14. Publications: none 

VEDRU, JÜRI Date of birth:Dec. 24, 1948Gender:maleCitizenship:EstonianAddress:Nooruse 9-312, 

EE 50411 Tartu, ESTONIAEducational history:1972: Graduated from the University of Tartu (speciality 

- theoretical physics) cum laude. 1972-1981: Worked as a research assistant at Department of 

Sports Medicine (biomedical engineering - BME), University of Tartu (UT). 1982-1984: Post graduate 

study at Moscow Bakulev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery (medical cybernetics) at Prof. V.A. Lischouk. 

1988: Defending PhD (according to SU classification: Candidate of Biology on Normal Physiology) 

thesis at the University of Tartu. Title: “Mathematical Model of Cardiovascular System for 

Simulation Tasks of the Human Circulation”. 1985-1997: Working at the Institute of General and Molecular 

Pathology (IGMP) of UT, at first as an Engineer, then as Researcher and Senior Researcher. 

From 1989 to 1997 leader of a BME research Group. From 1994 up today: simultaneously half-time 

Associate Professor at the Institute for Institute of Materials Science ( up to 1995 named the Institute 

for Teaching Physics) of UT, now as the half-time Associate Professor of Medical Physics. From 1994 

up today: participating in teaching and organising biomedical engineering and medical physics branch 

of the Applied Physics speciality at the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry. From 1997 up today: working 

at the Institute of Physiology (ARFS) of UT, as a half-time Senior Researcher. Academic degrees 

(with year and university):1988: Candidate of Biology (according to SU classification; equivalent to 

PhD) on Normal Physiology, defended at the University of Tartu with the presence of supplementary 

experts from Moscow; prepared at the Moscow Bakulev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. Employment 

and professional experience:Half-time Senior Researcher (Research Fellow), Institute of 

Physiology, UT Half-time Docent (Associate Professor) of Medical Physics, Institute of Materials Science, 

UTIn 1989-1993: Occasional lecturing of some free courses on mathematical modelling, medical 

signal processing and medical electronics for the students of the UT, participation in conducting of 

practical classes on medical physics for students of the medical specialities of the UT.From 1994 up 

today: Regular teaching of physics to students of the medical specialities of the UT, at first for Russian 

branch, afterwards for Estonian and English branches also. From 1994 up today: Participation in organisation 

of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics branch of the Applied Physics speciality at 

the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, UT, and lecturing to those students. List of courses lectured or 

participated in lecturing by J. Vedru in 1994-2001:FKEF.02.028 Biomedical instrumentation and 

methods FKEF.02.049 Methods and Instrumentation of Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 

FKFD.01.040 Mathematical Methods in Biomedicine (closed in 1997)FKMF.01.012 Medical Physics 

(closed in 1998)FKMF.01.025Linear Electrical Circuits FKMF.01.046Introduction to Biophysics 

FKMF.01.047Introduction to Medical ElectronicsFKMF.01.049Living SystemsAdministrative experience: 

1989-1997: Head of BME Research Group at the Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, 

UT.Honours and awards:1978: (together with L.-H. Humal as the first author) Small Golden Medal of 

the Exhibition of the Achievements of the USSR National Economy for development of Cardiotachograph 

UT-7404.Current research program and grants:1999-2001: Estonian Science Foundation 

grant No 3914 “Investigation of the Foucault Cardiography Method.” Funding 65000 EEK (in 1999)+ 

61000 EEK (in 2000)+ (? for 2001)2000-2001: Participation in Estonian Science Foundation grant No 

4449 “User-Oriented Model of Distributed Systems Based on ATM Network for Solution of Large Applications.” 

Funding 50000 EEK (in 2000) + (? for 2001) 2000 - : Participation in research project 

“DynAMo: Dynamic Adaptive Modeling of the Human Body conducted by prof. Jaakko Malmivuo, 

leader of the consortium, Tampere University of Technology, etc. (Total funding: 2.800.000 FIM) Supervision 

of dissertations:2000: Master Theses of Boriss Mahrov ("Verification of the Method for 

Calculation of Foucault Cardiographic Eddy Current Fields"), Sergei Malchenko ("Model of Cyclic 

Variation of the Human Heart Shape at Normal Functioning"), Konstantin Skaburskas ("A Mesh Model 

89


of the Eddy Current Fields of the Foucault Cardiography: Calculation Using the Node Voltages 

Method"), Jaanus Trolla ("Building and Investigation of an Exemplar of Foucault Cardiograph").Diploma 

work of Priit Lilleleht (1992), Bachelor works of Eiko Keeman (1995), Anatoli Vladimirov 

(1996), Sergei Malchenko (1997), Boris Kudimov (1997), Boriss Mahrov (1998), Olesja Makarova 

(2000). Topic of all the bachelor and doploma works belongs to physics, more specifically to medical 

physics and biomedical engineering.Publications:Total number of publications 28. 

RAAMAT, REIN Date of birth:16.09.1941Gender:maleCitizenship:EstonianAddress:146 Aardla St 

Tartu 51014 EstoniaEducational history:1960-1965 Tallinn Technical University, Faculty of Automatics, 

undergraduate studies, 5 Ehitajate St., Tallinn, EstoniaPhD level studies in Biomedical Engineering, 

Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute, 5 Prof. Popov St., St. Petersbourg, Russiamanagement 

courses at the Estonian Management School, 15 Sutiste St., Tallinn, EstoniaRagnar Granit Institute 

course on biomagnetism, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli Str., Tartu 51014, Estonia 1999 King’s College 

London, Linkoping University, courses on BME and MPAcademic degrees (with year and university):PhD 

in Biomedical Engineering, 1977, Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute, 5 Prof. Popov St., 

St. Petersbourg, Russia, ‘Evaluation of thermal methods for stereotaxic neurosurgery’Employment 

and professional experience:engineer, Technology and Design Office, University of Tartu, 18 

Ülikooli Str., Tartu , Estoniahead of group, Laboratory of Biophysics and Electrophysiology, University 

of Tartu, 18a Ülikooli Str., Tartu , Estoniahead designer, Design Office of the Estonian Academy of 

Sciences, 185 Riia Str., Tartu , Estonia.senior researcher, Department of Physiology, University of 

Tartu, 18 Ülikooli Str., Tartu 51014, EstoniaAdministrative experience:1979-1989 head designer1989-1992 

head of the Laboratory of BiophysicsHonours and awards:Government award of the 

Counsel of Ministries of the S.U. for ‘Excimer laser spectrometers’ in 1986Membership in academic 

and scientific societies:Vice Chairman of the Estonian Society for Biomedical Engineering and 

Medical Physics, Member of the General Assembly of the International Union for Physical and Engineering 

Sciences in Medicine (UPESM)Current research program and grants:Lectures and practical 

works in biophysics to the first year students of the Faculty of Medicine; Lectures and workshops in 

BME to the fourth year students of the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry;‘Cardiovascular autonomic 

regulation and lung function interaction in various age groups’ (PROJECT TARFS 0417);1994-1997, 

Grant of the Estonian Science Foundation (GARFS1064), ‘Improvements in the thermal clearance 

method for measurement of skin blood flow’;1998-2001, Grant of the Estonian Science Foundation 

(GARFS3287), ‘Blood pressure measurements using differential oscillometric technique’;1996, Nordic 

Scholarship Grant, ‘Comparison of skin blood flow meters’Supervision of dissertations:B.Kudimov ‘ 

Blood flow registration applying TC-method’, 1999, MSc theses, University of TartuJ.Talts ‘Noninvasive 

blood pressure measurement using differential oscillometric method’, 1999, MSc theses, University 

of Tartusupervision of two PhD students.Publications: 87 

JAGOMÄGI, KERSTI Date of birth: 21.12.1942Gender: femaleCitizenship: EstonianAddress: 118-73 

Aardla St., Tartu 50415, EstoniaEducational history: University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine 

(1967)Academic degrees (with year and university): PhD in normal physiology, 1975, University of 

Tartu, Faculty of Medicine Employment and professional experience: 1964 –1967 nurse, Tartu 

University Hospital; 1967-1968 physician, Tartu University Hospital; 1968-1971 junior scientific researcher, 

Lab. of Biophysics and Electrophysiology, Univ. of Tartu; 1971-1974 postgraduate studies, 

Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Tartu; 1975-1992 researcher, head of group, Lab. of Biophysics and 

Electrophysiology, Univ. of Tartu; 1992-2001 senior researcher, Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Tartu; 

1999 King’s College London, Linkoping University, courses on BME and MPAdministrative experience:Honours 

and awards:Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Physiological 

Society, secretary; Estonian Society of Hypertension, member; Estonian Society of Biomedical Engineering 

and Medical Physics, memberCurrent research program and grants: lectures and practical 

works in physiology to second year students of the Faculty of Medicine; lectures and practical 

works in biophysics to first year students of the Faculty of Medicine; ‘Cardiovascular autonomic 

regulation and lung function interaction in various age groups’ (PROJECT TARFS 0417); ‘Continuous 

noninvasive blood pressure measurement by differential oscillometric method’ (grant 3287 of Estonian 

Scientific Foundation)Supervision of dissertations:Publications: 81 

KÕKS, SULEV University of Tartu, Department of Physiology, researcher Date of birth1972 Educational 

historyUniversity of Tartu, physician Research and professional experience, institutional affiliation and 

postdoctoral research training1993-1996 technician University of Tartu (UT), Department of 

Physiology;1996-1999 researcher UT Depart. Physiology; 1995-1999 Ph.D. student IMCB University 

of Tartu;1997 visiting scientist at the University of Kuopio; 1999 up to now researcher at the Dep. of 

Physiology, UT;01.-11.05.1994. course "Laboratory Animals in Biomedical research" University of 

Tartu and Scad-LASA03.-08.06.1996. course "Current Concepts and Methods in Neurotoxicology" 

90

PHYSIOLOGY 

University of Kuopio;visits to University of Helsinki (1 month) and to University of Kuopio (2 

months);16.08.-28.08.1999. "EMBL/FENS Mouse Transgenic Course" University ofEdinburgh 

Academic degreesPh.D., molecular biomedicine, "CCK-induced anxiety in rats: influence of 

environmental stimuli and involvement of endopioid mechanisms and serotonin" Honors/awardsnone 

Research – administrative experiencemember of the Estonia Physiology Society and the European 

Neuroscience Association, 1997 was involved in the organising of the international course "Laboratory 

Animals in Biomedical Research" at Tartu Current research programrole of neuropeptides in the 

generation of negative emotions, especially involvement of CCK in the anxiogenesis Current grant 

fundingnone Dissertations advisednone 

Curriculum VitaeName: Vallo VolkeDate of birth: April 30, 1971Gender: maleCitizenship: EstonianAddress: 

Biomeedikum, Dept. Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu 50411, EstoniaEducational 

history: University of Tartu, Medical School, MD, 19951995-98 - Postgraduate Student, 

Departmentof Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu1998-1999- Inernship at Tallinn 

Pelgulinna Hospital and Tartu Maarjamõisa HospitalAcademic degrees (with year and university): 

PhD, 1999, University of TartuEmployment and professional experience: 1999- Research scientist , 

Department of Physiology1998-1999 Senior House Officer, Tallinn Pelgulinna Hospital and Tartu 

Maarjamõisa Hospital1998 (6 months) visiting research scientist at Department of Biological Psychiatry, 

University of Aarhus, Denmark1996-1998 Research scientist (half-time), Department of PhysiologyAdministrative 

experience: Honours and awards: -Student Research Award of Estonian Academy 

of SciencesResearch Award of Ministry of EducationMembership in academic and scientific societies: 

Estonian Physiological SocietyCurrent research program and grants: Role of Nitric Oxide in 

the regulation of anxiety and depression.Supervision of dissertations: -Publications: 14 scientific 

publications in peer-reviewed journals. 

91

MICROBIOLOGY 

Name of the Department: Department of Medical Microbiology 

Head of the Department: Professor Marika Mikelsaar 

Name of the Chair: Medical Microbiology and Virology 

Head of the Department: Professor Marika Mikelsaar 

Subject codes: ARMB.01.009; ARMB.01.012; ARMB.01.013; 

ARMB.01.01.14; ARMB.01.015; ARMB.01.020; 

ARMB.01.027; ARMB.01.033 


The aim of our department is to teach on the graduate level the medical microbiology 

to the medical, dentistry and pharmacy students in order to provide 

knowledge for solving the problems of 

1. common, hospital and emerging infectious diseases, concerning their epidemiology, 

pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis in their 

praxis; 

2. coexistence with the huge burden of indigenous microorganisms in our 

body and environment for successful protection of the health of a particular 

person and the population. 



In the department the main study methods are: 

• lectures: obligate courses in general, special, clinial microbiology and elective 

courses for different problems of microbiology 

• seminars 

• laboratory praxis 

• seminar + conference 

• directed self-education 

• students research work in the department 

For evaluation the oral and written exam and +/- tests are used. 



The described aims have been traditionally characteristic for teaching of microbiology 

during many years in University of Tartu. Yet, during the last 2 

years the aims of microbiology teaching have been increasingly oriented towards 

more intense teaching of students in clinical than in systematic microbiology. 

Our new curriculum from 1998 aims to provide the students with con- 

93


ceptual framework for new diagnostic and antimicrobial treatment possibilites, 

and the understandig of rational immunoprotection. 

In the recent medical curriculum of Tartu University the teaching of microbiology 

has been changed from separate teaching of systematic microbiology (IV, 

V semester) and clinical microbiology (XI semester) to converge into medical 

microbiology (III and IV semester). Compared to the earlier curriculum, more 

emphasis has been paid for problem-based teaching and solving of clinical 

situations, caused by infectious agents. 

The students have been provided with Estonian language teaching material: 

two Estonian Textbooks of Medical Microbiology I and II (1998, 2000), and 

also a Handbook of clinical microbiology (1998) have been written by the staff 

. 


Strengths 

1. Medical microbiology has been accepted by students as an interesting 

subject, widely needed in everyday medical practice and also for health 

protection of young, adolescent, adult and senile people. 

2. Well educated staff (all have MD and PhD degrees) is motivated for 

teaching and this motivation is appreciated by students. Our teachers are 

very popular among students for their skills and willingness for teaching. 

3. The staff has got wide international education and also their professional 

skills and language knowledge are good. The international and Russian 

student's teaching is successfully ongoing. 

4. The educational staff is well motivated to bring new methods into the 

teaching. The textbooks were written by the educational staff. 

5. Numerous experts of laboratory diagnostics of United Laboratories of Tartu 

University with PhD degree and also the PhD students have been involved 

in teaching of medical students. Modern aspects of microbiological diagnostics 

are brought to the knowledge of students on one hand, and on the 

other hand, the same methods are introduced quicker by the microbiologists 

into their everyday work. 

Weaknesses 

1. For virology, mycology and parasitology teaching there is no Estonian textbook 

available yet. The writing is going on, yet in Estonia. In the field of 

medical mycology and parasitology no well-trained specialists with an academic 

degree are available 

2. Though the microscopic slides of main infectious agents are used in Department, 

no collections of typical cases, slides and videos are available for 

student's self-assessment. 

94 

3. The area of medically important microorganisms is very wide and continuously 

increasing, which makes hard and subjective the selection of dis-

MICROBIOLOGY 

cussed cases and topics. The co-ordination with infectious diseases chair 

is minimal. 


1. During lectures and seminars the Data projector and Power Point lectures 

with some Photos of clinical cases are used. The students (international, 

Russian) are frequently provided with handouts of lectures as they do not 

have the textbook written by us. 

2. The Estonian textbooks and handbook are provided with a lot of tables and 

figures, reflecting both global and local data of infectious epidemiology and 

microbial drug resistance. 

3. For practical interactive labwork two separate leaflet books have been published 

(T. Karki, T. Brilene, M. Mikelsaar. Practical works in medical microbiology, 

I and II. Tartu, 1999). In these books the plan of the practical work, 

its items have been proposed for acquintance, the practical works described 

and for interactive work the diagnostic formulars and the conclusions 

must be drawn by the students themselves. 

4. An innovative conference-seminar has been applied for teaching of mycology. 

The themes of clinically important fungal infections where divided to 

students who themselves searched the data and made presentations using 

the material from different textbooks, papers and Internet. After each presentation 

the other students (opponents) started the discussion and evaluated 

the presentation and knowledge. 

5. The exam of medical microbiology has been divided for 2 parts: general 

microbiology and altogether the bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology. 

6. Through the whole curriculum the new elective problem-oriented courses 

are offered for students. 

Hospital infections, Most important for Estonia infections: spread, pathogenesis, 

diagnostics and control, Gynaecological infections, Stomatological 

infections, Antimicrobial drugs in clinical practice, Role of probiotics in 

medicine, History of microbiology. 

7. Scientific achievements in molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases 

and molecular dignostics of the world and colleagues of department are 

reported on the lectures 

8. Special course Research in Medical Microbiology was introduced, including 

lectures, seminars and laboratory experiments on the selected by students 

themes. The very positive feedback was got from students. This course 

helps to select students able to proceed with PhD studies. 


1. The medical microbiology is closely related with pathology, however, pathology 

is taught only after the microbiology. That makes difficult to provide 

95


96 

students with the problem-based teaching and discussions of the cases of 

individual patients. 

2. The elective courses have to be performed in late afternoon (up to 8.00 

p.m.) as the time- schedule of students is still very tight. 

3. The PhD students stipend and research money are extremely low in Tartu 

University, and thus, in future, there may arise problems to get the gifted 

personelle for academic education. 


1. The students are asked to give their suggestions for improvement of the 

teaching. The evaluation seems to be different during the course and after 

final exam - in the latter case understand better the goals of teachers and 

their success. 

2. After every exam the students are asked to fill anonymously a questionnaire 

evaluating the teaching. 

3. Different lecturers are asked to participate on the lectures of the others and 

make their kind remarks. 

4. Head of the Department discusses the lectures of the other associate professors 

in order to keep similar standpoints. 



evaluation? 

1. The different chapters of Estonian textbooks always end with particular 

questions, looking on the provided material from some practical viewpoint. 

These questions are discussed on the seminars. 

2. The small 5-min tests during the lectures are applied to fix the knowledge 

of previous lecture. 

3. Every practical lab work ends with the control of the conclusive results, 

written by the student or discussing the self-assassment. 

4. After summarising the data of the student's questionnaire, the Department 

always discusses the pros and contras, trying to change something pointed 

on 

5. The matters pointed in evaluation have been immediately used in the planning 

of the programme and performance of the next course. 

6. Research oriented elective course was reintroduced which has been very 

popular in 1995-1996. 

7. There are created the new labworks, covering better the most impotant issues 

of microbiological diagnostics.


MICROBIOLOGY 


Special pedagogic courses have not been attended by the staff. Yet, all pedagogic 

staff has received practical training for their teaching work. The staff has 

been working for a long time (more than 10 year in mean, range 5- 30 y). All 

teachers have got several educatory courses in USA, Sweden, Finland, Russia. 

In 1995, the professor (MM) got a special training in the problem-biased 

medicine in Oslo University. Docent Reet Mändar passed the educational 

courses in Illinois University, USA, senior assistant Tatjana Brilene and Reet 

Mändar participated in Stockholm University microbial ecology course, docent 

Tõnis Karki received epidemiology training in Copenhagen. 


Seemingly, the special training how to provide more effective teaching, which 

problems should be discussed more or less in medical microbiology, how to 

use interactive methods, could be of some value for every person of the staff. 




In our department the research staff takes part in teaching process. So, we 

can provide several lectures on different themes. We do not see any need for 

rearrangement of lectures/seminars 

Yet, more tight programs in lab courses seemingly offer the possibility to rearrange 

some labworks for teaching practical problems of microbiology diagnostics. 




• Infectious diseases, 

• Immunology, 

• Pathology 

• Internal medicine 

• The Immunology and pathology has evaluated the related materials of our 

textbook and got acquainted with the program. 

• The co-ordination of teaching with infectious diseases and internal medicine 

chair could be better. 

97




Progess in scientific knowledge does not allow to stop the changes in medical 

microbiology curriculum. The newest data on possibilities of diagnostics and 

treatment of infectious diseases should be continuously brought to students. 

1. The molecular basis of infectious diseases and their diagnostic is improving 

day by day, demanding to keep also the medical curriculum fluent. 

2. We have started the refreshment courses for general practitioners. By this 

we hope to build a positive network between medical doctors, laboratory 

specialists and the university teachers. The aim will be to evaluate and develop 

the university education and skills according to the everyday practice 

and demands of research centres. 

98 

3. The new idea is to organise at the end of the semester before exams a 

conference on the achievements of students in labwork, research and present 

also the best referates.

MICROBIOLOGY 

Microbiology: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://biomedicum.ut.ee/armb/ 




- Rooms used by Your institution only: 1 rooms with area of 59.7 m 2 

- Rooms shared with another institution: 1 rooms with area of 39.6 m 2 







- There has been repairments in last - years (except Biomedicum) 






Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 










99


APPENDIX I-I 


Year Res/Lectures Institution Country Purpose Duration 

1996 Heidi Annuk, post-grad University of Lund Sweden Research 3 months 

1996 Tõnu Krispin, docent Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease 

Control 

100 

Sweden Research/training 1 week 

1996 Tõnis Karki, sr ass Statens Seruminstitut Denmark Training 2 weeks 

1997 Paul Naaber, res Karolinska Institut Sweden Training 1 week 


Control 

1998 Annika Krüüner, postgrad 

Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease 

Control 


Sweden Research 6 months 

1998 Marika Mikelsaar, prof Karolinska Institut Sweden Lecture 1 week 

1998 Paul Naaber, res ESCMID, Madrid Spain Training 1 week 


Control 



Control 



1999 Heidi Annuk, post-grad University of Lund Sweden Seminar/research 4 weeks 

1999 Heidi Annuk, post-grad University of Lund Sweden Research 5 weeks 

1999 Marika Mikelsaar, prof University of Tübingen Germany Lecture/seminar 1 week 

1999 Siiri Kõljalg, res Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease 

Control 




Control 

Sweden Research 1 week 


Int. course on the TB management Canada Seminar/training 2 weeks 

2000 Heidi Annuk, post-grad University of Lund Sweden Research 1 week 

2000 Heidi Annuk, post-grad Karolinska Institut Sweden Seminar 1 week 

2000 Reet Mändar, docent Karolinska Institut Sweden Seminar 1 week 

2000 Tatjana Brilene, sr ass Karolinska Institut Sweden Seminar 1 week 


Control 

APPENDIX I-II 




1996 Paul Naaber Karolinska Institut Sweden 4 weeks 

1996 Siiri Kõljalg National Institut of Health Sweden 3 weeks 

1996 Heidi Annuk University of Lund Sweden 3 months 

1997 Siiri Kõljalg University of Lund Sweden 4 weeks 

1997 Paul Naaber Karolinska Institut Sweden 1 week 

1998 Heidi Annuk University of Lund Sweden 4 weeks 

1998 Annika Krüüner Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease Control Sweden 6 months 


1999 Heidi Annuk University of Lund Sweden 9 weeks 

2000 Annika Krüüner Ottawa Tuberculosis Research Centre Canada 2 weeks 


2000 Heidi Annuk University of Lund Sweden 1 week 

2000 Heidi Annuk Karolinska Institut Sweden 1 week


MICROBIOLOGY 




Prof. Marika Mikelsaar Karolinska Institut Sweden Research 

Prof. Marika Mikelsaar Karolinska Institut Sweden Research, advanced molecular 

technics in microbiology 

Prof. Marika Mikelsaar University of Lund Sweden Research 

Prof. Marika Mikelsaar, Swedish Institute of Infectious Sweden AB resistance 

Res. Siiri Kõljalg Disease Control 

Postgrad. Annika Krüüner University of Kuopio Finland Research, advanced technics in high 

pressure liquid chromatography 

Doc. Tõnis Karki WHO/Harvard University Switzerland/USA AB resistance surveillance 

APPENDIX I-IV 



Prof. Bengt Björksten University of Linköping Sweden Research 

Prof. Torkel Wadström University of Lund Sweden Research 

Prof. Aimo Salmi University of Turku Finland Research 

Prof. Sven Hoffner Institute of Infectious Disease Control Sweden Research 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy paper 

2. ASM News paper 

3. Clinical Microbiology and Infection paper 

4. Clinical Microbiology Reviews paper 

5. Emerging Infectious Diseases paper 

6. Journal of Clinical Microbiology paper 

7. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease paper 

101


APPENDIX I-VI 


MONOGRAPHIES 

1. Mikelsaar, M., Mändar, R., Sepp, E.. Lactic acid microflora in the human microbial ecosystem and 

its development. In: Lactic Acid Bacteria, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA, 1998, 279-342. 

ISBN 0-8247-0133-X 

2. Mikelsaar M. Evaluation of the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem in health and disease. Dissertationes 

Medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis. Tartu, 1992. 

3. Karki T. Quantitative composition of the human lactoflora and method for its examination. 

Dissertationes Medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis. Tartu, 1996. 

4. Mändar R. Vaginal microflora during pregnancy and its transmission to newborn. Dissertationes 

Medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis. Tartu, 1996. 

5. Naaber P. Clostridium difficile infection and intestinal microbial ecology. Dissertationes Medicinae 

Universitatis Tartuensis. Tartu, 1997. 

6. Sepp E. Formation of intestinal microbial ecosystem in children. Dissertationes Medicinae 


7. Kõljalg S. Acinetobacter - an important nosocomial pathogen. Dissertationes Medicinae 


8. Smidt I. In vitro and in vivo interaction of intestinal indigenous lactobacilli and opportunistic 

pathogens Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli. Dissertation of Master's Degree. Tartu, 1999 

9. Lõivukene K. Antibiotic susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains and it's relations with vacA and 

cagA genotype in patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer. Dissertation of Master's Degree. Tartu, 

2000. 


1. Mikelsaar M., Mändar R., Maaroos H.-I., Päär S., Rägo T., Kisand K., Aleljung P., Wadström T. 

Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children: clinical, bacteriological, and morphological study. - 

Microecology and Therapy, 1996, 22, 44-53 

2. Mändar R., Mikelsaar M. Transmission of mother's microflora to the newborn at birth. - Biology of 

the Neonate, 1996, 69, 30-35 

3. Mändar R., Mikelsaar M. Vaginal microflora during pregnancy. - Alpe Adria Microbiology Journal, 

1996, 5, 1, 41-50 

4. Naaber P., Lehto E., Salminen S., Mikelsaar M. Inhibition of adhesion of Clostridium difficile to 

Caco-2 cells. - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 1996, 14, 205-209. 

5. Kõljalg S., Vuopio-Varkila J., Mikelsaar M., Wadström T. Cell surface properties of Acinetobacter 

baumannii. - APMIS, 1996, 104, 659-665. 

6. Naaber P, Klaus K, Sepp E, Björksten B, Mikelsaar M. Colonization of infants and hospitalized 

patients with Clostridium difficile and lactobacilli. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1997, 25, Suppl 2, 

189-190. 

7. Sepp E., Julge K., Vasar M., Naaber P., Björksten B., Mikelsaar M. Intestinal microflora of Estonian 

and Swedish infants. Acta Paediatrica, 1997, 86, 956-961. 

8. Türi M, Türi E, Kõljalg S, Mikelsaar M. Influence of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants on surface 

hyrophobicity of Escherichia coli strains of different origin. APMIS, 1997, 105, 956-962. 

9. Naaber P., Maimets M., Mikelsaar M. Prevalence and properties of Clostridium difficile in 

hospitalized patients of Estonia. - Reviews in Medical Microbiology, Chapman & Hall, 1997, 8, 

Suppl 1, 60-61. 

10. Oona M, Rägo T, Maaroos H-I, Mikelsaar M, Lõivukene K, Salminen S, Korhonen H. Helicobacter 

pylori in children with abdominal complaints: has immune bovine colostrum some influence on 

gastritis? Alpe Adria Microbiology Journal, 1997, 6, 49-57. 

11. Ormisson A, Sepp E, Siigur U, Varendi H, Mikelsaar M. Impact of early life nutrition on growth and 

intestinal microflora composition in low-birth-weight infants. Scand. J. Nutrition, 1997, 41, 71-74. 

12. Kaila, M., Isolauri, E., Sepp, E., Mikelsaar, M., Salminen, S. Fecal recovery of a human 

Lactobacillus strain (ATCC 53103) during dietary therapy of rotavirus diarrhea in infants. - 

Bioscience Microflora, 1998, 17, 2, 149-151 

13. Krüüner, A., Sillastu, H., Danilovitsch, M., Levina, K., Svenson, S.B., Källenius, G., Hoffner, S.E.. 

Drug resistant tuberculosis in Estonia. - The Official Journal of the International Union Against 

Tuberculosis and Lung Disease "Tubercle and Lung Disease", 1998, 2, 2, 130-133. 

102

MICROBIOLOGY 

14. Mäkinen, K.K., Olak, J., Russak, S., Saag, M., Seedre, T., Vasar, R., Vihalemm, T., Mikelsaar, M., 

Mäkinen, P.-L.. Polyol-combinant saliva stimulants: a 4-month pilot study in young adults. - Acta 

Odontologica Scandinavia, 1998, 56, 1-5. 

15. Naaber, P., Mikelsaar, R.-H., Salminen, S., Mikelsaar, M.. Bacterial translocation, intestinal 

microflora and morphological changes of intestinal mucosa in experimental models of Clostridium 

difficile infection. - Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1998, 47, 591-598. 

16. Lenzner, A. Vulvovaginalkandidose und Laktobazillen. - Med-Report, 1998, 25, 5. 

17. Lenzner, A., Lenzner, H., Karki, T. Laktoflora vlagalistsa I perspektivõ sozdanija probiotikov iz 

laktobatsill dlja profilaktiki I letsenija vulvovaginalnogo kandidoza. - Zurnal Akuserstva I Zenskih 

Boleznei, 1998, spets. võpusk, 85-86. 

18. Kõljalg, S., Sults, I., Raukas, E., Truu, J., Ustav, M., Mikelsaar, M. Distribution of Acinetobacter 

baumannii in a neurointensive care unit. - Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 1999, 31, 145-150. 

19. Björksten, B. Naaber, P., Sepp, E., Mikelsaar, M. The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and 

Swedish 2-year-old children. - Clin. Exp. Allergy, 1999, 29, 342-346. 

20. Annuk, H., Hirmo, S. Türi, E., Mikelsaar, M., Arak, E., Wadström, T. Effect on cell surface 

hydrophobicity and susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to medicinal plant extracts - . FEMS 

Microbiology Letters, 1999, 172, 41-45. 

21. Türi, E., Türi, M., Annuk, H., Arak, E. Action of aqueous extracts of bearberry and cowberry leaves 

and wild camomille and pineapple-weed flowers on Escherichia coli surface structures. - Pharmac. 

Biol., 1999, 37, 2, 127-133. 

22. Mikelsaar, M. Türi, E., Türi, M., Smidt, I., Annuk, H., Mikelsaar, R.-H. Interaction of Lactobacillus 

fermentum and Escherichia coli in guinea pig testes model. - Micr. Ecol. Health and Disease, 1999, 

11, 2, 114. 

23. Annuk, H., Vainumäe, I., Aimla, K., Ausmees, K., Mikelsaar, M. Antagonistic activity of lactobacilli 

against urinary Escherichia coli. - Micr. Ecol. Health and Disease, 1999, 11, 2, 117. 

24. Lõivukene, K., Kolk, H., Mikelsaar, M., Kasenõmm, P., Ustav, M., Maaroos, H.-I. Comparison of 

metronidazole susceptibility and vacA subtypes of H. pylori strains in patients with gastritis and 

peptic ulcer. - Gut, 1999, 45, A14. 

25. Mikelsaar, M., Sepp, E., Julge, K., Vasar, M., Duchen, K., Björksten , B. The microflora of the 

intestinal tract as a reservoir for microbial translocation - is it similar in young children of Sweden 

and Estonia? - Clin. Micr. Infect., 1999, 5, 3, 272. 

26. Kõljalg, S., Naaber, P., Sepp, E., Mikelsaar, M. Changes in prevalence and resistance of 

Acinetobacter spp. in a neurologic intensive care unit. Clin. Micr. Infect., 1999, 5, 3, 369. 

27. Lõivukene, K., Kolk, H., Maaroos, H.-I., Mikelsaar, M. Clarithromycin susceptibility of H .pylori 

strains in Estonia. - Clin. Micr. Infect., 1999, 5, 3, 258. 

28. Naaber, P., Kõljalg, S., Mikelsaar, M., Maimets, M. Antibiotic pressure and resistance pattern of 

prevailing bacteria in Tartu University Clinics. - Clin. Micr. Infect., 1999, 5, 3, 239. 

29. Zusinaite, E., Salupere, R., Raukas, E., Ott, K., Kiiver, K., Ustina, V., Schmidt, J., Sizemski, L., 

Krispin, T., Ustav, M. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Estonia. – Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hungarica, 

1999, 46, 4, 474-475. 

30. Mikelsaar M., Türi E., Türi M., Smidt I., Tamm., Mikelsaar R.-H. Interaction of Lactobacillus fermentum 

and Escherichia coli in guinea pig testes model. Micr. Ecol. Therapy, 1999, 28, 319-326. 

31. Annuk H., Vainumäe I., Aimla K., Ausmees K., Kullisaar T., Kask S., Mikelsaar M. Antagonistic 

activity of lactobacilli against urinary Escherichia coli. Microecol. Therapy, 1999, 28, 169-175. 

32. Naaber P., Smidt I., Tamme K., Liigant A., Tapfer H., Mikelsaar M., Talvik R. Translocation of 

indigenous microflora in an experimental model of sepsis. J. Med. Microbiol., 2000, 49, 431-439. 

33. Lõivukene K., Kolk H., Maaroos H.-I., Kasenõmm P., Aro H., Ustav M., Mikelsaar M. Metronidazole 

and clarithromycin susceptibility and the subtypes of vacA of Helicobacter pylori isolates in Estonia. 

Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2000, 32, 59-62. 

34. Sepp E., Naaber P., Voor T., Mikelsaar M., Björksten B. Development of intestinal microflora during 

the first month of life in Estonian and Swedish infants. Micr. Ecol. Health Dis., 2000, 12, 22-26. 

35. Vorobjova T., Faller G., Maaroos H.-I., Sipponen P., Villako K., Uibo R., Kirchner T. Significant 

increase in antigastric autoantibodies in a long-term follow-up study of H. pylori gastritis. Virchows 

Arch., 2000, 437, 1, 37-45. 

36. Vorobjova T., Grunberg H., Oona M., Maaroos H.-I., Nilsson I., Wadström T., Covacci A, Uibo R. 

Seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori and cagA protein in schoolchildren of different ages living in 

urban and rural areas in Southern Estonia. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2000, 12, 1, 97-101. 


1. Kõljalg S., Kermes K., Lõivukene K., Naaber P., Mikelsaar M. Kirurgilisi infektsioone tekitavad 

mikroorganismid ja nende antibiootikumitundlikkus. - Eesti Arst, 1996, lisa, 39-40. 

103


2. Mikelsaar M. Hospitaalinfektsioon tänapäeval. - Eesti Arst. Tallinn, 1996, 3, 237-245. 

3. Sõritsa A., Levkov L., Ott P. Doonor-inseminatsiooni efektiivsus lastetuse ravis. - Eesti Arst, 1996, 

lisa, 82-83. 

4. Karki T., Lenzner H., Lenzner A. Lactobacillus casei toime seedekulgla laktofloorasse. - Eesti Arst, 

1996, 1, 30-34. 

5. Karki T., Lenzner H., Lenzner A. Laktobatsillide ja Saccharomyces boulardii manustamise toime 

seedekulgla laktofloorasse. - Eesti Arst, 1996, lisa, 26-27. 

6. Koslov N., Krüüner A., Türi M., Türi E. Mükobakterioosi esinemise ja leviku võimalused Eestis. - 

Eesti Arst, 1996, lisa, 34-35. 

7. Krüüner A., Hoffner S., Juhani A., Türi E. Multiresistentsete Mycobacterium tuberculosis'e tüvede 

esinemine ja levik Eestis. - Eesti Arst, 1996, lisa, 35-36. 

8. Naaber P. Ülevaade kongressist "Anaeroobsed mikroobid ja nende poolt põhjustatud infektsioonid, 

Chicago, 19-21 juuli 1996". - Eesti Arst, 1996, 6, 545-546. 

9. Türi M., Annuk H., Laanes K., Lepiku M., Arak E., Türi E. Eestis enamkasutatavate ravimtaimede 

toime Escherichia coli pinnastruktuuride aktiivsusesse. - Eesti Arst, 1996, lisa, 88-89. 

10. Kolk H., Maaroos H.-I., Lõivukene K., Mikelsaar M., Lindberg G. 13 C-uurea hingamistesti 

rakendamine Helicobacter pylori infektsiooni diagnoosimiseks. Eesti Arst, 1996, lisa, 31. 

11. Annuk H., Raukas M., Türi E., Türi M., Arak E. Leesikalehtede (Uvae ursi folium) vesitõmmiste 

toime Escherichia coli agregatiivsele aktiivsusele I. - Eesti Rohuteadlane, Tartu , 1997, 3, 3-5. 

12. Annuk H., Raukas M., Türi E., Türi M., Arak E. Leesikalehtede (Uvae ursi folium) vesitõmmiste 

toime Escherichia coli agregatiivsele aktiivsusele II. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, 4, 3-5. 

13. Sepp E., Lõivukene K., Naaber P., Kermes K., Julge K., Vasar M., Björksten B., Mikelsaar M. 

Tervete ja allergiliste laste mikrofloora erinevused. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, lisa, 62-63. 

14. Sepp E., Metsvaht T. Vastsündinute bakterieemiate struktuur ja laboratoorne diagnoosimine Tartu 

Lastekliiniku intensiivraviosakonna andmeil.Eesti Arst, 1997, 6, 513-519. 

15. Sõritsa A., Levkov L., Ott P. Esimene sünnitus Eestis munarakudoonorluse tulemusena. - Eesti 

Arst, 1997, 1, 22-25. 

16. Brilene T., Põder A., Raukas E., Vindirevskih G., Uusküla A. Chlamydia trachomatis'e 

infektsioonide diagnoos sümptomaatilise tupevoolusega naispatsientidel. - Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

Tartu , 1997, lisa, 8-9. 

17. Karki T., Vares P., Kõljalg S., Kirm A. Elektrokeemiliselt töödeldud vesilahuste bakteritsiidsest 

toimest in vitro. - Eesti Rohuteadlane, Tartu , 1997, lisa, 15-17. 

18. Krüüner A., Danilovits M., Türi E. Ravimiresistentsete Mycobacterium tuberculosis'e tüvede 

osatähtsusest tuberkuloosi etioloogias Eestis. - Eesti Rohuteadlane, Tartu , 1997, lisa, 23-24. 

19. Kõljalg S., Sults I., Raukas E., Mikelsaar M. Acinetobacter baumannii persisteerimine 

neurointensiivravi osakonnas. - Eesti Rohuteadlane, Tartu, 1997, lisa, 26-27. 

20. Mikelsaar M., Karki T., Kirsberg E., Kõljalg S., Kermes K., Mägi H., Ivanova M., Rauk S., Timmas 

T., Jõks U. Uroinfektsioonidega Eesti patsientide Escherichia coli tüvede tundlikkus antibiootikumidele. 

- Eesti Rohuteadlane, Tartu , 1997, lisa, 35-36. 

21. Mändar R., Lõivukene K., Türi M., Mikelsaar M. Eesti ja Rootsi lastelt isoleeritud laktobatsillitüvede 

tundlikkus antibiootikumide suhtes. - Eesti Rohuteadlane, Tartu, 1997, lisa, 37-38. 

22. Raukas E., Krispin T., Ott K., Sizemski L. Polümeraasi ahelreaktsioon Eestis isoleeritud B-hepatiidi 

viirustüvedega: kvalitatiivsed ja kvantitatiivsed aspektid. - Eesti Rohuteadlane. Tartu , 1997, lisa, 

52-54. 

23. Kõljalg S. Esmane hospitaalinfektsiooni kontrolli kogemus. - Eesti Arst, Tallinn , 1997, 1, 57-64. 

24. Raukas, E., Krispin, T., Ott, K., Sizemski, L., Ustav, M. Polümeraasi ahelreaktsioon Eestis 

isoleeritud B-hepatiidiviiruse tüvedega. Tingimuste optimeerimine ja kasutamise võimalused. - 

Eesti Arst, 1998, 3, 210-214. 

25. Lenzner, A. Friedrich Robert Faehlmann arstina ja arstiteadlasena. - Akadeemia, 1998, 12, 2471- 

2476. 

26. Karki, T. Lihasööja bakter. - Tervis, 1998, 10, 66. 

27. Karki, T. Toksoplasmoos. - Tervis, 1998, 10, 66. 

28. Karki, T. Võidujooks antibiootikumresistentsusega. - Hippokrates, 1998, 1, 37-41. 

29. Lenzner, A. Kogumik "Nakkus- ja parasiithaigused Eestis (statistikaandmed)". - Eesti Arst, 1999, 2, 

157. 

30. Lenzner, A Selma Laanes 85. - Universitas Tartuensis, 1999, 27.08.1999. 

31. Mikelsaar, M. Tartu Ülikooli mikrobioloogia instituut 70-aastane. - Eesti Arstide Liidu Teataja, 1999, 

12, 15-16. 

32. Songisepp E., Mikelsaar M. Rukkileiva juuretise kvaliteeti kindlustavad leivajuuretise 

piimhappebakterid. Põllumajandus, 2000, 4,5, 5-7. 

33. Lõivukene K., Kolk H., Maaroos H.-I., Mikelsaar M. Helicobacter pylori tüvede metronidasool- ja 

klaritromütsiintundlikkus Eesti patsientide seas. Eesti Arst, 2000, 8, 453-459. 

104

MICROBIOLOGY 

34. Kõljalg S., Karki T., Olsson-Liljequist B. Metsitsilliin-resistentse Staphylococcus aureus'e esinemissagedus 

Eestis. Eesti Arst, 2000, 8, 466-470. 

35. Mikelsaar M. Esilekerkivad infektsioonid. Eesti Arst, 2000, 8, 471-480. 

36. Kasenõmm, P. Krooniline retsidiveeruv tonsilliit. Eesti Arst, 2000, 8, 481-485. 

37. Mändar R. Antibakteriaalsete preparaatide mõju normaalsele mikrofloorale. Eesti Arst, 2000, 8, 

486-491. 

38. Karki T. Antibiootikumid ja antibiootikumresistentsus. Eesti Arst, 2000, 8, 492-498. 


1. Mändar R., Lõivukene K., Ehrenberg A., Smidt I., Raukas E., Kask V., Mikelsaar M. Amniotic fluid 

microflora in asymptomatic women at mid-gestation. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2000, 32 (in press). 

2. Naaber P., Kõljalg S., Maimets M. Antibiotic usage and resistance - trends in Estonian University 

Hospitals. Intern. J. Antimicr. Agents, 2000 (in press). 

3. Mändar R., Lõivukene K., Hütt P., Karki T., Mikelsaar M. Antibacterial susceptibility of intestinal 

lactobacilli of healthy children. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. (accepted). 

4. Sillakivi T., Aro H., Peetsalu M., Peetsalu A., Mikelsaar M. Geographic and ethnic differences in 

genotypes of Helicobacter pylori among Estonian and Russian patients with perforated peptic ulcer, 

living in Southern Estonia. Clin. Micr. Infect. (accepted) 

5. Karki T., Truusalu K., Vainumäe I., Mikelsaar M. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of community and 

hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Estonia. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 

(accepted) 

6. Krüüner A., Hoffner S.E., Sillastu H., Danilovits M., Levina K., Svenson S.B., Ghebremichael S., 

Källenius G. Spread of drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Estonia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 

(submitted) 

7. Mikelsaar M., Annuk H., Stsepetova J., Kullisaar T., Zilmer M, Björksten B. Intestinal lactoflora of 

Estonian and Swedish children. Micr. Ecol. Health Dis. (submitted) 

8. Kullisaar T., Zilmer T., Mikelsaar M., Vihalem T., Annuk H., Kairane C., Kilk A. Two antioxidative 

Lactobacillus fermentum strains as promising probiotics. Int. J. Food Microbiol. (submitted) 

9. Naaber P., Tamm E., Kõljalg S., Pütsepp A., Maimets M. Nasopharyngeal carriage and 

antibacterial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella 

catarrhalis in Estonian children. Clin. Micr. Infect. (submitted) 

10. Olsson-Liljequist B., Kõljalg S., Karlsson I., Kronvall G. Calibration of fusidic acid disk diffusion 

susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus in two countries using different standards. J. 

Antimicr. Chemother. (submitted) 


1. Karki T., Brilene T., Mikelsaar M. Meditsiinilise mikrobioloogia praktikum I osa. - Tartu: TÜ 

Kirjastus, 1997. - 112 lk. 

2. Karki T., Krispin T., Mändar R., Mikelsaar M. Meditsiinilise mikrobioloogia praktikum II osa. - Tartu: 

TÜ Kirjastus, 1997. - 116 lk. 

3. Mikelsaar, M., Mändar, R. Kliinilise mikrobioloogia käsiraamat. - Tallinn, AS Medicina, 1998. - 363 

lk. ISBN 9985-829-16-6 

4. Kask, V., Mändar, R. Tupe mikrofloora ja selle patoloogilised seisundid. - Tartu, OÜ Tartumaa 

Trükikoda, 1997. - 39 lk. 

5. Mikelsaar, M., Karki, T. Meditsiiniline mikrobioloogia I osa. - Tartu, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 1998. - 

244 lk. ISBN 9985-4-0047-X 

6. Karki, T., Brilene, T., Mikelsaar, M. Praktilised tööd mikrobioloogias I osa. - Tartu, Tartu Ülikooli 

Kirjastus, 1998. - 149 lk. 

7. Karki, T. Krispin, T., Mändar, R., Mikelsaar, M. Praktilised tööd mikrobioloogias II osa. - Tartu, 

Tartu ülikooli Kirjastus, 1999. - 117 lk. 

8. Mikelsaar, M. Meditsiin ja mikrobioloogia uuel aastatuhandel. Tartu, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 1999. 

– 42 lk. 

9. Tartu Ülikooli mikrobioloogia instituut 70. – Toimetaja M. Mikelsaar. Tartu, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 

1999. – 35 lk. 

10. Mikelsaar, M., Karki, T. Meditsiiniline mikrobioloogia II osa. - Tartu, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2000. - 

256 lk. ISBN 9985-4-0132-8 

105


Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Microbiology 

MICROBIOLOGY 

Name Title Load Area Gender Birth year Scinetific degree Year of commencement Labour time (y) 

1. Marika Mikelsaar Professor 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1938 Cand.Sci & Dr.Med 1969 & 1990 38 

2. Akivo Lenzner Prof. emeritus 1,00 Medical microbiology Male 1927 Dr.Sci. 1973 38 

3. Tõnu Krispin Docent 1,00 Medical microbiology Male 1939 Dr.Sci. 1990 9 

4. Tatjana Brilene Docent 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1955 Cand.Sci 1990 21 

5. Tõnis Karki Docent 1,00 Medical microbiology Male 1963 Dr.Med 1996 12 

6. Reet Mändar Docent 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1964 Dr.Med 1996 12 

7. Siiri Kõljalg Researcher 0,50 Medical microbiology Female 1964 Dr.Med 1999 8 

8. Epp Sepp Sr. Researcher 0,50 Medical microbiology Female 1963 Dr.Med 1998 7 

9. Paul Naaber Sr. Researcher 0,50 Medical microbiology Male 1966 Dr.Med 1997 4 

10. Eha Kirsberg Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1957 20 

11. Silvi Truus Technical staff 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1936 35 

12. Reet Raag Technical staff 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1944 22 

13. Irina Bubnova Technical staff 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1952 3 

14. Irja Roots Secretary 1,00 Medical microbiology Female 1959 21 

1 Dr.Sci and Cand.Sci are degrees of the Former Soviet Union which correspond to a Dr.Med and Ph.D, respectively 

107



MICROBIOLOGY 

MIKELSAAR, MARIKA 2. Date of birth: 12.11.1936 3. Gender: female 4. Citizenship: Estonian 5. Address: 

Jakobsoni 11-4 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: University of Tartu, Medical Faculty, 

M.D. 1963. 7. Academic degrees: Ph.D. Tartu University, 1969 - "Lactobacilli in faecal ecosystem in 

different gastrointestinal diseases of non-infectious origin". Doctor of medical sciences, Tartu University, 

1992 - " Evaluation of the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem in health and disease". 8. Employment 

and professional experience: 1963-1965 resident at Department of Microbiology, University 

of Tartu. 1965-1969 post-graduated student in Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu. 

From 1969 to 1979 worked as junior research associate at the Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the 

Institute of General and Molecular Pathology (IGMP) of Tartu University, from 1979 to 1990 - as a 

senior research associate. In 1991 she became the head of Microbiology Laboratory of Tartu University 

Hospital and a senior research associate at the clinical bacteriology group of the IGMP, Tartu University. 

In April, 1993 was elected for Professor of Microbiology by the council of Tartu University and 

pointed as the head of department. 9. Administrative experience: 1991-1993 Head of Laboratory of 

Microbiology of Tartu University Hospital; 1993- Head of Department of Microbiology of University of 

Tartu 10. Honours/awards: National Scientific Award in medicine for 1994; award of Faculty of Medicine 

of Tartu University 1997. 11. Membership in academic and scientific societies: Society of Estonian 

Medical Microbiologists - member of council; SOMED - member; American Society of Microbiology 

- member; Alpe Adria EMBASE Journal - member of editional board; Regular referee of journal 

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 12. Current research program and grants: medical microbiology, 

antibiotic resistance, microbial ecology Investigation of pathogenesis and new methods of 

prophylaxis and treatment of most important infectious diseases in Estonia; Development of principles 

for microbiological surveillance of hospital infections, antibiotic and biocide resistance and strating the 

reference laboratory; Development of intestinal microflora in newborns in relation to environmental 

factors; Allergy related to environmental factors: intestinal microflora; Baltic Project: antibiotic resistance 

in Estonia. 13. Supervision of dissertations: Epp Sepp - master of sciences, biomedicine 

1994; Reet Mändar - doctor of medicine 1996; Paul Naaber - doctor of medicine 1997; Epp Sepp - 

doctor of medicine 1998; Siiri Kõljalg - doctor of medicine 1999; Imbi Smidt - master of sciences, biomedicine 

1999; Krista Lõivukene - master of sciences, biomedicine 2000. Now supervising the doctorate 

thesis program of 5 doctorates and 2 M.Sci. 14. Publications: 284 publications, incl. 5 books (2 

international) and 71 international papers 

KÕLJALG, SIIRI Date of birth1964-06-30, Viljandi Genderfemale CitizenshipEstonian Address Elva 6, 

50404 Tartu Educational historyUniversity of Tartu, Medical Faculty, 1989 Academic degreeDoctor 

of Medical Sciences, 1999 Employment and professional experiences1989- Tartu University Clinics, 

United Laboratories – Bacteriologist; 1991-1993 internship in Tartu University Clinics; 1995- licensed 

bacteriologist; 1999- Dept Microbiology, University of Tartu – Researcher Special courses: 4 

months fellowship in National Public Health Institute, Helsinki (1993), 3 month fellowship in University 

of Lund (1994); 1 months fellowship in National Public Health Institute, Helsinki (1995); Administrative 

experiences Honours and awardsAward of Medical Faculty of University of Tartu (1999, 2000); 

Award of Tartu University Clinics (1999) Membership in academic and scientific societiesEstonian 

Society for Infectious Diseases, Estonian Society of Laboratory Medicine; Estonian Society for Sexually 

Transmitted Diseases Current research program and grantsNosocomial infections and antimicrobial 

susceptibility; biocides Supervision of dissertations Publications Totally 35, including 5 international 

and 2 Estonian articles 

MÄNDAR, REET Date of birth: June 10, 1964 3. Gender: female 4. Citizenship: Estonian 5. Address: 

Mõisavahe 60-37, Tartu 50707, Estonia 6. Educational history: University of Tartu, Medical Faculty, 

physician 1988. 7. Academic degrees: Doctor of medical sciences, University of Tartu, 1996. "Vaginal 

microflora during pregnancy and its transmission to newborn". 8. Employment and professional 

experience: 1988-1990 resident in Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu 1990-1996 postgraduate 

student in Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, 

University of Tartu 1991-1995 doctor-bacteriologist in Tartu University Hospital 1994 II category of 

doctor-bacteriologist 1993-1994 and 1995-1997 assistant lecturer in Department of Microbiology, University 

of Tartu 1997-2000 lecturer in Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu From 2000 associate 

professor in Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu Research training: 3 months in 

Sweden, University of Lund – scholarship from Crawford Foundation for investigating the properties of 

Helicobacteri pylori 4 months in USA, Indiana University - scholarship for studying health care administration 

and laboratory medicine, arranged by Professional Training Fellowship Program. The program 

109


was supported by Agency of International Development (USAID), The Soros Foundation's Management 

Training Program (SFMTP) ja Council on International Programs (CIP). 1 week in Sweden, 

Karolinska Institute – the course “Ecology and Importance of the Indigenous Microflora”. 9. Administrative 

experience: no 10. Honours/awards: Annual award of Committee for Scientific Awards of 

Estonian Republic in 1994 for medical research: Marika Mikelsaar, Anne Ormisson, Urmas Siigur, Epp 

Sepp, Reet Mändar, Irja Lutsar, Heili Varendi “Regulating the newborn’s health by microflora” (theoretical-clinical 

research in1993-1994). 11. Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member 

of Estonian Society for Infectious Diseases. Member of Estonian Society for Medical Microbiology. 

12. Current research program and grants: Antibacterial susceptibility of lactobacilli of different origin. 

Significance of opportunistic microorganisms in the etiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic 

pain syndrome and their sexual transmission Current grant funding: Grant of Estonian Science 

Foundation No 4398 (years 2000-2002) “Significance of opportunistic microorganisms in the etiology 

of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and their sexual transmission” - 70 000 EEK for 

year 2000. 13. Supervision of dissertations: Supervising postgraduate student of Department of 

Stomatolgy Piret Kõll-Klais in microbiology for performing her Ph. D. thesis “Microbiological aspects 

and the role of inflammatory cytokines in the patohogenesis of periodontal diseases” (currently). 14. 

Publications: 52, 15 of them 1995-2000. Seven papers in CC-referred journals. 

KASENÕMM, PRIIT Date of birth:25.02.1975 Gender:male Citizenship:Estonia Address:Ravila 19, 

Tartu Educational history:1993-2000 University of Tartu,medical faculty Academic digrees:- Employment 

and1996-2000 Department of Microbiology, professional experience:technician Administrative 

experience:- Honours and awards:- Membership in academicMember of Society for Intestinal 

and scientific societies:Microbial Ecology and Disease Current research programDetection of 

aerobic and anaerobic and grants:bacteremia during tonsillectomy. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic 

microbial flora and patomorphological findings in palatine tonsils. Supervision of dissertations:- 

Publications: Lõivukene K., Kolk H., Maaroos H.-I., Kasenõmm P., Aro H., Ustav M. and 

Mikelsaar M. Metronidazole and clarithromycin susceptibility and the subtypes of vacA of Helicobacter 

pylori isolates in Estonia. Scand J Infect Dis 2000; 32: 59-62. Kasenõmm P. Krooniline retsidiveeruv 

tonsilliit. Eesti Arst 2000; 79(8): 481-485. 

NAABER, PAUL Date of birth1966-12-07, Tartu Gendermale CitizenshipEstonian Address Ravila 19, 

50411 Tartu Educational historyUniversity of Tartu, Medical Faculty, 1991 Academic degreeDoctor 

of Medical Sciences, 1997 Employment and professional experiences1992-1997 Tartu University 

Clinics, United Laboratories – Bacteriologist; 1998 – 2000 Tartu University Clinics, United Laboratories 

–Head of Lab Clin Microbiology; 2000 – Tartu University Clinics, United Laboratories –Head of Dept 

Clin Microbiology; 1996-1998 Dept Microbiology, University of Tartu – Assistant; 1998- Dept Microbiology, 

University of Tartu – Senior Researcher Special courses: 6 months fellowship in University of 

Turku (1994), 1 month fellowship in University of Uppsala (1992); Course of anaerobic microbiology 

(University of Udine, Italy 1995); Course of intestinal microbial ecology (Karolinska Institute, Sweden, 

1997); Course of Nosocomial Infections (ESCMID, Madrid, 1998) Administrative experiencesHead 

of Dept Clinical Microbiology, United Laboratories (1998-) Honours and awardsAward of Society for 

Anaerobic Microbiology (1997); Award of Medical Faculty of University of Tartu (1999, 2000); Award of 

Tartu University Clinics (1999) Membership in academic and scientific societiesEstonian Society 

for Infectious Diseases, Estonian Society of Laboratory Medicine; Anaerobe Society of Americas; 

European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Current research program and 

grantsNosocomial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility; in vitro and in vivo models of infections 

Supervision of dissertations Imbi Smidt, M.Sc. 1999 (In vitro ja in vivo interaction of indigenous intestinal 

lactobacilli and opportunistic pathogens – Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli) Publications 

Totally 64, including 11 international and 6 Estonian articles 

KRISPIN, TÕNU Date of birth: March 23, 1939 Gender: man Citizenship: Estonia Address: Tartu, 

Kaunase str. 44-14 Educational history: graduated from Medical Faculty of Tartu University in 1963 

Academic degrees: medical candidate (Ph.D) - virology - 1967 Doctor of Biological Sciences in 

molecular biology - Moscow - 1990 Employment and professional experience: 1964-1967 - 

postgraduate student in the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (Gamaleya) of Russian AMS 

(Moscow) 1967-1969 - junior scientific worker in the same institute 1969-1972 - senior scientific worker 

in the Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Hygiene of Tallinn 1973-1992 - at the beginning as a 

junior, then senior and at last as a leading scientific worker in the Institute of Gamaleya (Moscow) 

1992-1993 - associate professor of Department of Microbiology, Tartu University 1993-1998 - 

extraordinary professor of Department of Microbiology, Tartu University 1998- associate professor 

(virology) of Department of Microbiology, Tartu University Administrative experience: no Honours 

and awards: no Membership in academic and scientific societies: member of European Society 

110

MICROBIOLOGY 

for Clinical Virology (ESCV), past member (10 years) of International Society of Interferon Research 

Current research program and grants: Molecular epidemiology and molecular biology of hepatitis C 

and B viruses; cytokines; molecular virology. Participation in the European Union Copernicus Grant 

IC15-CT 98-0319 Molecular monitoring and pathological role of altered HBV and HCV genomes in 

patients with chronic hepatitis. Molecular biology of nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. 

Supervision of dissertations: scientific leadership of 3 biological candidates (Shloma, 

Kalmakhelidze, Solovyova) in Moscow (the last officially). All of them graduated successfully. 

Publications: number of publications 69 (incl. 18 international publications), 8 of them 1995-2000 + 7 

handouts concerning medical microbiology, so total nuber of publications is 76. 

KARKI, TÕNIS Date of birth: 24. December 1963 a. Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Adress: Ravila 

19, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine 1988 Academic 

degrees: dr. med 1966, University of Tartu Employment and professional experience: 1988 - 

postgraduate student at the Department of microbiology, 1989 - assistant, 1996 lecturer, 1997 - docent 

Membership in academic and scientific societies: 1994-1999 Chairman of the Estonian Society 

of Medical Microbiology, member of the European Study Group of Antibiotic Resistance (ESCAR) 

Current research activities: antimicrobial resistance, human microflora. Publications: 63 

TRUUSALU, KAI Date of birth:25.02.1965 Gender:female Citizenship:Estonia Address:Ravila 19, Tartu 

Educational history:1983-1998 University of Tartu, medical faculty Academic digrees:- Employment 

and1998-1999 Department of Microbiology, professional experience:assistant Administrative 

experience:- Honours and awards:- Membership in academic and scientific societies: Current 

research program Genotyping recurrent urinary tract infections caused by E. coli Supervision of 

dissertations:- Publications: 3 

BRILENE, TATJANA Date of birth:14.07.1955 Gender:Female Citizenship: Estonia Address: Tatumaa 

Ülenurme v. Soinaste 68, tel. 362 384 Educational history: 1962-1972 Tartu 6 School 1973-1979 

MD, Diploma of Medical Faculty of Tartu University resident of Department of Microbiology of Tartu 

University 1981-1986 Postgraduate student of Department of Microbiology of Tartu University 7. 

Academic degrees: 1991 PhD., Moskva Gabrichevsky Medical Insitute 8.Employment and 

professional experience: 1986-1991 junior research associate of Department of Microbiology of 

Tartu University 1991-1995 senior assistant of Department of Microbiology of Tartu University 1995- 

2000 assistant proffesor of Department of Microbiology of Tartu University 2000-2005 senior assistant 

of Department of Microbiology of Tartu University 11. Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: Member of Estonian Society of Microbiology Member of Board of Estonian Union of STDs 

12. Current research programm: Human microflora; Prevalence of Vaginal Lactobacili in Women 

During Induction of Superovulation in IVF programm 14. Publications: 96; Certificates of invention 

:”Method for study of adhesion of microorganisms” nr.1076441 (1984), “Strains of Lactobacilli for 

probiotics” nr.1517352, nr.1517353,nr.1517354 (1989). 

111

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND FORENSIC MEDICINE 

Name of Department: Department of Pathological Anatomy and 

Forensic Medicine 

Head of the Department: Professor Raik-Hiio Mikelsaar 

Name eof the Chair: Pathological Anatomy: 

Head of the chair: Professor Raik-Hiio Mikelsaar 

Subject codes: ARPA.01.014; ARPA.01.008 




The main study includes teaching of pathology – the etiopathogenesis and 

characteristics of of diseases. Lecture-seminars and practical trainings are 

carried out. Students are evaluated by current tests and a final examination. 



According to the general trends in the development of pathology, in our course 

now the morphological descriptions of diseases are widely accompanied by 

explanation of etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Both general and systematic 

pathology are studied on lecture-seminars and practical trainings. A logical 

sequence of general course is applied: initially alterative changes, then inflammatory 

processes and finally disorders of proliferative-differentiation processes 

including tumours are presented. Compared to the earlier curriculum, 

more emphasis is now paid to the molecular pathology and coordination of 

teaching with other theoretical institutes and clinics. 


Strengths 

1. The pathology is accepted by students as a basic field of medicine and 

most of them are continuously participating in lecture-seminars and practical 

trainings. 

2. The information (a text and illustrations) presented on lecture-seminars is 

available in a typed form (1200 pages). 

3. There is a large collection of macro- and micropreparations provided by 

description – brochures used for practical trainings. 

Weaknesses 

Some members of staff do not still have a Ph.D degree. 

113



1. Several parts of theoretical material are presented in the original form 

(dystrophia, mucosis and mucoidosis, nephronecrosis etc). 

2. Computer-aided and video-recording methods of teaching are introduced 

both in theoretical and practical training. 

3. New elective problem-oriented courses (inflammatory diseases, autopsy 

analysis) are offered for students. 

4. A special test is applied at the end of each lecture-seminar. 


1. There is too short time given for course of pathology, many branches (for 

example brain, skin and bone pathology) remain poorly presented. 

2. The rooms available for practical training and individual work are too small. 




evaluation? 

114 

A systematic questionnaire-based student evaluation has been carried out at 

the end of the pathology course. The results of this evaluation have been discussed 

on a staff meeting and critical comments are considered to improve 

the teaching work. 



All staff has got a practical training during their pedagogic work. The head of 

department has during several years participated in discussions on the optimal 

forms of lecture-seminars. 


An additional special training would be useful for development of pedagogic 

work quality. 



If so, how should this be done?


At the current moment there is no need for rearrangement of the teaching resources. 




Because the pathology is a basic field of medicine, the teaching must be coordinated 

with many other departments. Correlation are made both in the terminology 

and the content of teaching programs. The closest branches of 

medicine are: histology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, immunology. 



The teaching methods and programs should be improved according to the development 

of pathology. All staff may have a Ph.D degree. It would be reasonable 

to teach the pathology instead of one semester during two semesters. 

Larger rooms are needed for practical training. Further co-ordination between 

departments should be developed. 

115


Name of Department: Department of Pathological Anatomy and 

Forensic Medicine 

Head of the Department: Professor Raik-Hiio Mikelsaar 

Name of the Chair: Chair of Forensic Medicine 

Head of the chair: Docent Marika Väli 

Subject codes: ARPA.02.001 




The course gives students basic knowledge of forensic medicine and understanding 

of solving the medical-biological problems, which rise up during proceeding 

criminal and civil cases. 

Teaching methods are lectures, seminars, practical classes and independent 

study. The seminars are problem-oriented and the students have to prepare 

previously so that they are able to discuss different themes and analyse cases 

of forensic medicine. Each student has to solve 5 situation-exercises of forensic 

medicine cases as homework, perform and analyse the cases and give 

reasons of their decisions in the seminar. This work is evaluated. Practical 

classes are the carried out as the demonstrations of autopsies and in some 

cases students are allowed to dissect by themselves. At the end of the course 

the students have to pass the written examination. 



The aims and objectives in the curriculum have not changed notably, but as 

the possibilities of teaching have improved and new problems in the field of forensic 

medicine have became actual emphasis of some themes have been 

shifted. 

1. The state-of-the-art facility enables to introduce to the students the laboratory 

investigations: forensic toxicological, DNA and forensic anthropologic 

investigations. 

2. As the problem of medical malpractice has became quite actual more attention 

is paid to discuss and analyse the examples of problematic cases. 

This gives a good opportunity to link theoretical knowledge with practical 

examples. Considering the theme the students are given an understanding 

of the importance of correct and thorough filling of medical documents and 

possible consequences of being unconscientious in their work. 

116 

3. More attention is paid to introduce the legislation that would be necessary 

to the doctors in their future work.



Strengths 

1. Students have the possibility to watch closely the autopsies and in some 

cases even carry out the autopsies by themselves. It gives them good understanding 

of the speciality and makes them remember their knowledge of 

anatomy and pathological anatomy. 

2. Situation-exercises of cases of forensic medicine make the students operate 

with the obtained theoretical knowledge and put it into practice. They 

are given three types of excersises: a) crime scene investigation (by photos); 

b) forensic expertise of living person; c) forensic expertise of dead 

body. Working through the cases students train to describe the crime 

scene and post-morten changes of the dead body, estimate time of death, 

describe injuries, determine the cause of death, compose the forensic 

medical diagnosis and expert opinion, fill the certificate of death and so on. 

All the cases are discussed in the seminars and this makes possible to correct 

misunderstandings and students have the opportunity to ask the 

teachers questions that have rised up. By this kind of training it is easy to 

justify the speciality as important. 

3. We have a unique collection of macro-preparations that are of great help in 

teaching pathological changes of organs due to diseases and injuries. 

4. In the seminars we use a collection of colour slides and CD-ROM of forensic 

pathology atlas. 

5. Students get a good view of different laboratory investigations that are 

used in forensic medicine. 

6. As we have had good contacts with several European universities we have 

already started to harmonize our curriculum with the curriculum used in 

other European universities. 

Weaknesses 

1. Our staff has not trained their pedagogic skills. 

2. Sometimes we still tend to teach too much theory and tend to forget that 

we are teaching young doctors who are often more interested in clinical 

disciplines than in our speciality and that it is up to us to arouse their interest 

to forensic medicine. This can be done only by showing them the links 

between forensic medicine and clinic and make them think about the juridical 

side of their future work. 

3. In the lectures there could be used much more computer-aided teaching 

methods (for example CD-ROMs of forensic pathology, slide shows in 

Power Point program). 

4. As our staff is quite young and has worked as a team only 5 years we have 

not managed to publish enough textbooks in Estonian, which students 

could easily use for independent study. 

5. We do not demonstrate micro-preparations to the students. 

117



1. During last year computer-aided teaching methods have been taken into 

use as a complement to the traditional teaching methods. We use the CD- 

ROM of forensic pathology and the first lectures and seminars have been 

carried out as slide shows prepared in PowerPoint program. 

2. We use X-ray photos for explaining mechanisms of trauma in the seminars 

and practical classes. 

3. The teaching staff of the Chair has published two textbooks of forensic 

medicine during last 2 years in Estonian that enables the students to learn 

in their native language (before it the last manual of forensic medicine was 

published in 1938). 

4. The staff of the Chair has prepared a number of video recordings of forensic 

medical cases that can be used in the seminars. 


1. The groups of students participating in the seminars and practical classes 

(14-18 students) are larger than optimal. We consider the optimal number 

of students in the group not more than 10. 

2. The volume of the course has been decreased several times and we cannot 

give the students as thorough knowledge as necessary due to the limited 

time. 

3. Lack of literature of forensic medicine in libraries. During last years the 

Chair has bought several books and manuals of the speciality for staff, but 

in the libraries there are still only single copies of some books, textbooks 

and manuals for students. We have also asked several times for subscription 

of any journal of forensic medicine, but due to financial problems we 

have never got it. 

4. In the room we carry out the seminars there are no conditions for holding 

macro-preparations (no special cupboards, shelves or ventilation) and we 

have to transport the preparations from one floor to the other for demonstrations. 

5. The students have forgotten a lot of knowledge of anatomy and pathological 

anatomy they had obtained at the first years of study. 




evaluation? 

118 

During the last 2 years after passing the course the students have been asked 

to fill anonymously the questionnaires evaluating the teaching. The students’ 

evaluation of teaching has been mostly favourable; we have got only a few 

critical comments. Students have proposed to have more practical classes


(autopsies) and we have taken it into consideration and increased the amount 

of hours of practical classes. 

Some teachers and students get a very good contact in seminars and practical 

classes and work in an open atmosphere. This allows immediate direct 

feedback and these teachers are also highly evaluated by the students. 

From the beginning of this year the University has started with the new systematic 

evaluation of teaching and so we have got only the very first results, 

but it seems that in principle they do not notably differ from the results we have 

got before. 



One assistant has attended at two short courses, three days all together. The 

docent has taken part in one one-day course. 


Further pedagogic training is very necessary and we hope that the University 

would arrange the courses in the future. 




The teaching staff of the Chair is made up of one docent and two assistants. 

As the teaching staff of the Chair is quite young (average age 35 years) only 

the docent has the scientific degree. But two postgraduate students are preparing 

the thesis for a Doctor’s degree, one of them is the assistant of the 

Chair. So we hope to get two young doctors of medicine in next two-three 

years. 




Forensic medicine is the clinical subject and students must have preliminary 

knowledge of anatomy and pathological anatomy, clinical specialities like 

traumatology, intensive care, neurology and many others. 

Closest to our Chair is the Chair of Pathological Anatomy. Both specialities 

teach the morphological findings of pathological changes in organs and determing 

the cause of death, but the Chair of Forensic Medicine pays most at- 

119


120 

tention to teaching the investigation and describing of injuries and changes in 

the organs due to external factors not diseases. 



1. According to the new program forensic medicine is going to be taught at 

the 6 th course. We consider it very positive because the students have already 

obtained basic clinical knowledge and would have quite good medical 

thinking. So the emphasis shifts more to the practical exercises and 

discussions of cases. 

2. Reduce the amount of lectures and increase the importance of independent 

study. 

3. Increase the amount of seminars where the cases of living persons are 

discussed and enable the students taking part in examination of the injured 

persons. 

4. We plan to use more computer-aided teaching methods in lectures. 

5. Make part of written materials of the lectures and seminars available at our 

homepage by Internet. 

6. Publish new textbooks in Estonian. 

7. Demonstrate the micro-preparations in seminars and practical classes.


Pathological anatomy: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://biomedicum.ut.ee/arpa/ 




- Rooms used by Your institution only: 1 rooms with area of 58,7 m 2 

- Rooms shared with another institution: - rooms with area of - m 2 













Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 










121


Forensic medicine: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://biomedicum.ut.ee/arpa 




- Rooms used by Your institution only: - rooms with area of - m 2 














122 

Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 









6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): One assistant and one 

postgraduate student do not have the individual working places. The individual working 

place for the other postgraduate student has been established into the laboratory.

APPENDIX I-I 


Visits of the Dpartment members to other institutions abroad during 1996-2000 


1996 Ilona Drikkit, assistant University of Goetheborg Sweden Research 1 week 

1998 Daily Lepik, assistant University of Turku Finland Training 2 weeks 

1998 Hannes Tamm, assistant University of Lund Sweden Research 3 months 

1999 Ilona Drikkit, assistant University of Turku Finland Training 2 weeks 

1999 Ilona Drikkit, assistant University of Copenhagen Denmark Training 2 weeks 

1999 Marika Väli, docent Institute of Forensic Medicine of Leipzig Germany Training 2 weeks 

2000 Ilona Drikkit, assistant University of Riga Latvia Research 1 week 

2000 Ingrid Mesila, assistant University Medical Caentral Utrecht Nederlands Training 3 weeks 

APPENDIX I-II 



1998 Andres Kulla University of Mainz Germany 3 months 

1999 Andres Kulla University of Newcastle UK 5 weeks 

1999 Andres Kulla University of Helsinki Finland 1 week 

2000 Andres Kulla University of Helsinki Finland 1 week 





Dr Andres Kulla University of Mainz Germany Teaching of Neuropathologie in Estonia 

Dr Andres Kulla University of Helsinki Finland Cooperation in transplantological pathology 

APPENDIX I-IV 



Prof J E Scott University of Manchester UK Lecture 

Prof R Feldmann National Institutes of Health (NIH) USA Lecture 

Prof H H Goebel University of Mainz Germany Lecture 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. Science & Medicine paper 

123


APPENDIX I-VI 


MONOGRAPHS 

1. A. Aabloo. Studies of crystalline celluloses using potential energy calculations. Ph D theses, 1994 

(supervisor R.-H. Mikelsaar) 


1. M. Väli, D. Lepik, I. Drikkit, V. Vassiljev. The characteristics of injuries in case of different car accidents. 

Medicina Legalis Baltika, 1997, 8, 34-38 

2. V. Valdes, R.-H. Mikelsaar, A. Truupõld. Die Entwicklung der Pathologie in Estland. Pathologe, 

1998, 19, 447-466 

3. P. Naaber, R.-H. Mikelsaar, S. Salminen, M. Mikelsaar. Bacterial translocation, intestinal microflora 

and morphological changes of intestinal mucosa in experimental models of Clostridium difficile infection. 

J.Med Microbiol, 1998, 47, 591-598 

4. E. Seppet, A. Kaasik, A. Minajeva, K. Paju, J. J. Ohisalu, R. Vetter. Mechanisms of thyroid hormone 

control over sensitivity and maximal contractile responsiveness to β-adrenergic agonists in 

atria. J. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 1998, 184, 419-426 

5. M. Uusküla, K. Lamp, M. Väli. An age-related difference in the ratio of sudden coronary death over 

acute myocardial infarction in Estonian males. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1998, 51, (7), 577- 

580 

6. V. Vassiljev, A. Kalda, P. Pokk, M. Väli, A. Zharkovsky. The effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 

7-nitroindazole on ethanol pharmacokinetics in rats after acute and chronic ethanol administration. 

Alcohol & Alcoholism, 1998, 33, 609-615 

7. V. Vassiljev, A. Kalda, P. Pokk, M. Väli, A. Zharkovsky. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7nitroindazole 

attenuates the behavioural signs of ethanol withdrawal due to pharmacokinetic interaction. 

Medical Science Research, 1998,.26, 821-822 

8. A. Kalda, E. Eriste, V. Vassiljev, A. Zharkovsky. Medium transitory oxygen-glucose deprivation induced 

both apoptosis and necrosis in cerebella granule cells. Neuroscience Letters, 1997, 239, 1-4 

9. V. Vassiljev, A. Kalda, P. Pokk, M. Väli, A. Zharkovsky. Modified method for the induction of ethanol 

dependence in mice. Baltic Journal of Laboratory Animal Science, 1998, 8, 89-92 

10. M. Väli, D. Lepik, I. Drikkit, I. Mesila,V. Vassiljev. Sudden death cases of school-age children. 

Medicina Legalis Baltica, 1999, 11, 59-66 

11. M. Väli, V. Vassiljev, I. Drikkit, D. Lepik, A. Kalda, P. Pokk, A. Zarkovsky. Programmed cell death 

as phenomena in the CNS during ethanol withdrawal. Medicina Legalis Baltica, 1998, 9, 133 - 138 

12. M. Väli, I. Drikkit, D. Lepik, V. Vassiljev. Accidents in South-Estonia in 1993 - 1997, correlation of 

accidents with abuse of alcohol. Medicina Legalis Baltica, 1998, 9, 125 – 132 

13. E. Raukas, R.-H. Mikelsaar. Are there molecules of nucleoprotamine. Bioessays, 1999, 21 (5), 440- 

448 

14. A. Kaasik, A. Minajeva, E. De Sousa, R. Ventura-Clapier, V. Velsker. Nitric oxide inhibits cardiac 

energy production via inhibition of mitochondrial creatine kinase. FEBS Letters, 1999, 444 (1), 75-7 

15. E. De Sousa, V. Velsker, A. Minajeva, A. Kaasik, P. Mateo, E. Mayoux, J. Hoerter, X. Bigard, B. 

Serrurier, R. Ventura-Clapier. Subcellular creatine kinase alterations. Implications in heart failure. 

Circulation Research, 1999, 85 (1), 68-76 

16. I. Mesila. Mitotic activity in organs of rats affected by DMBA implants in the abdominal cavity. Papers 

on antropology VIII 1999, 127-45 

17. V. Vassiljev, M. Väli, P. Pokk. The effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L-NAME and L-NOARG 

on the behavioural signs of ethanol withdrawal. Medical Science Research, 1999, 27 (6), 409-410 

18. A. Kaasik, V. Vassiljev, E. Põldoja, A. Kalda, A. Zharkovsky. Do nuclear condensation or fragmentation 

and DNA fragmentation reflect the mode of neuronal death. Neuroreport, 1999, 10 (9), 1937- 

1942 

19. M. Mikelsaar, E. Türi, M. Türi, I. Smidt, H. Annuk, R.-H. Mikelsaar. Interaction of Lactobacillus fermentum 

and Escherichia coli in giunea pig testes model. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 

1999, 2, 114 

20. M. Mikelsaar, E. Türi, M. Türi, I. Smidt, H. Tamm, R.-H. Mikelsaar. Interaction of Lactobacillus fermentum 

and Escherichia coli in guinea pig testis model. Microecology and Therapy, 1999, 28, 319- 

326 

124


21. V. Vassiljev, I. Mesila, M. Väli, P. Pokk. The influence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L- 

NOARG on the effects of ethanol in rats after acute ethanol administration. Pharmacology and 

Toxicology, 2000, 86, 63-67 

22. P. Pokk, V. Vassiljev, M. Väli. Small platform stress increases [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding in the cerebellum 

of mice. Fund. Clin. Pharmacol., 2000, 14, 487-491 

23. P. Pokk, V. Vassiljev, M. Väli. The effects of baclofen on the locomotor activity of control and smallplatform 

stressed mice. Pharmacological Research, 2000, 42 (3), 235-237 

24. P. Pokk, V. Vassiljev, M. Väli. The influence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME on the 

effects of ethanol in rats after acute ethanol administration. Medical Science Research, 2000, 28, 

7-8 

25. M. Väli, T. Vaas, V. Vassiljev, H. Pallo, I. Drikkit. A case of death caused by dogs. Medicina Legalis 

Baltica, 2000, 12, 23-28 

26. A. Kalda, A. Kaasik, V. Vassiljev, P. Pokk, A. Zharkovsky. Neuroprotective action of group I metabotropic 

glutamate receptor agonists against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal 

death. Brain Research, 2000, 852 (2), 370-373 

27. A. Kulla, A. Liigant, A. Piirsoo, G. Rippin, T. Asser. Tenascin expression and cells of monocyte 

lineage: relationship in human gliomas. Mod. Pathol. 2000, 13, 56-67 

28. A. Liigant, A. Kulla, T. Asser, A.-E. Kaasik. Epidemiology of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors 

in Estonia. Neuroepidemiology, 2000, 19, 300-311 

29. M. Ots, A. Kulla, M. Luman, V. Leiba, E. Ritz. Non-diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis recurring in 

a renal graft. Nephrol Dialysis Transpl. 2000, 15, 2053-2056 

30. H. Kaarma, J. Peterson, R. Stamm, M. Lintsi, J. Kasmel, G. Veldre, E. Maiste. Application of anthropometric 

data in medicine, health promotion and physical education. Russian morphological 

newsletter. Moscow, 2000, 1-2, 296-297 

31. K. Lilleväli, A. Kulla, T. Örd. Comparative expression analysis of the genes encoding polypyrimidine 

tract binding protein (PTB) and its neural homologue (brPTB) in prenatal and postnatal mouse 

brain. Mechanisms of Development. 2001 


1. T. Truupõld, A. Truupõld. Tuberkuloosi patomorfoosist Tartu prosektuuri lahanguandmeil ajavahemikul 

1955-1994. Eesti Arst, 1997, 1, 25-29 

2. T. Truupõld, A. Truupõld. Tuberkuloos põhi-ja kaasnenud haigusena Tartu prosektuuri lahangumaterjalis 

ajavahemikul 1955-1994. Eesti Arst, 1997, 2, 123-128 

3. R.-H. Mikelsaar, A. Aabloo, T. Reintamm, E. Raukas. DNA pakendumine spermatosoidides – uus 

nukleoprotamiini mudel. Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, (lisa) 8, 36-37 

4. R.-H. Mikelsaar. 300 aastat sektsioonikursust ja patoanatoomiat Tartu Ülikoolis. Eesti Arst, 1998, 6, 

544-548 

5. R.-H. Mikelsaar. Fülo- ja ontogeneesi aspekte patoloogias. Ontogenees ja fülogenees. Schola 

biotheoretica XXIV, Tartu, OÜ Sulemees, 1998, 158-159 

6. H. Kaarma, J. Peterson, J. Kasmel, K. Saluvere, G. Veldre, L. Saluste, K. Loolaid. Naise kehastruktuuri 

seaduspärasused ja nende kasutamise võimalused terviseedenduses ja ravis. Eesti Arst, 

1998, 5, 420-422 

7. M. Punab, A. Kulla, H. Everaus. Ekstramedullaarse blastse kriisiga kroonilise müeloidse leukeemia 

juht. Eesti Arst, 1999, 3, 388-390 

8. R.-H. Mikelsaar. Geneetilis-konformatsiooniline mälu, selle defektid ja muutused. Schola biotheoretica 

XXV. Biosüsteemide mälu teooria. 1999, 32-33 

9. ngate 

verelipiidide näitajate seos kehaehitusega. Eesti Arst, 1999, 5, 388-390 

10. O. Uibo, R. Shor, M. Paal, A. Kulla, K. Metsküla. Tsöliaakia diagnoosimine aasta pärast insuliinsõltuva 

suhkurtõve avastamist. Haigusjuhu kirjeldus. Eesti Arst, 2000, 11, 690-693 

11. H. Kaarma, R. Stamm, G. Veldre, J. Kasmel. Possibilities for classification of anthropometric data 

of 16-18-year-old Tartu schoolgirls considering their age and constitutional peculiarities. Papers on 

Anthropology IX Tartu, 2000, 64-81 

12. J. Kasmel. About the student days of the Latvian-American anatomist and anthropologist Prof 

Jekabs Primanis in Yuryev (Tartu) in 1911-1913. Papers on Anthropology IX Tartu, 2000, 82-87 

13. J. Kasmel, T. Kasmel. Professor Daniel Georg Balk – the first anthropology lecturer at the reopened 

University of Dorpat (Tartu) in 1802. Acta Medico-Historica Rigensia. Volumen V. Riga, 

2000, 103-107 

125


TEXTBOOKS 

1. A. Truupõld. Patoloogilise anatoomia praktikum I. TÜ patoloogilise anatoomia ja kohtuarstiteaduse 

instituut, Tartu 1996 

2. A. Truupõld. Patoloogilise anatoomia praktikum II. TÜ patoloogilise anatoomia ja kohtuarstiteaduse 

instituut, Tartu 1996 

3. A. Truupõld. Practical Classes in Pathological Anatomy. University of Tartu, Institute of Pathological 

Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Tartu 1997 

4. M. Väli, I. Drikkit, D. Lepik, V. Vassiljev. Vehicle traumas. 1998 

5. M. Väli, I. Drikkit, D. Lepik, V. Vassiljev, M. Talumäe. Mechanical injuries. 1999 

126



Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine 


1. Raik-Hiio Mikelsaar Professor 1,00 Pathological anatomy Male 1939 Ph.D, Dr.Sci 1989 16 

2. Ingrid Mesila Assistant 1,00 Pathological anatomy Female 1959 17 

3. Hannes Tamm Assistant 1,00 Pathological anatomy Male 1970 2 

4. Maret Murde Assistant (extraord.) 1,00 Pathological anatomy Female 1963 

5. Marika Väli Docent 1,00 Forensic medicine Female 1959 Cand.Sci 1989 8 

6. Daily Lepik Assistant 1,00 Forensic medicine Female 1962 14 

7. Ilona Drikkit Assistant 1,00 Forensic medicine Female 1968 6 

8. Aari Talve Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1941 34 

9. Niina Puusaag Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1956 6 

10. Marika Talumäe Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1964 5 

1 Dr.Sci and Cand.Sci are degrees of the Former Soviet Union which correspond to a Dr.Med and Ph.D, respectively 

127




MIKELSAAR, RAIK-HIIO Date of birth: October 13, 1939 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Jakobsoni 11-4, Tartu 51005 Educational history: 1957 – graduated Tartu 5. Secondary School (with 

golden medal), 1963 – graduated Medical Faculty of Tartu University (with commendation) Academic 

degrees (with year and university): 1968 – Cand Sci, Tartu University, 1989 – Dr Sci, Moscow University 

Employment and professional experience: 1963-1975 – pathologist, Tartu Clinical Hospital, 

1975-1979 – senior research worker, Laboratory of Collagenoses, Tartu University, 1979-1983 – senior 

research worker, Laboratory of Genetics and Cytology, Tartu University, 1984-1997 – senior research 

worker, Laboratory of Molecular Modelling , Tartu University, 1997-1999 – docent, Department 

of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Tartu University, 1999 – professor, Department of 

Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Tartu University Administrative experience: 1975 – 

head of Laboratory of Collagenoses, Tartu University, 1984 – head of Laboratory of Molecular Modelling, 

Tartu University, 2000 – head of Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, 

Tartu University Honours and awards: 1985 – memorial medal of K E von Baer, 1987 – premium of 

Estonian Council of Ministers, 1989 – honorary diploma of World Cultural Council Membership in 

academic and scientific societies: International Society of Origin of Life , International Society of 

Biochemistry, International Society of Crystallography, Estonian Society of Pathology, Estonian Society 

of Morphology, Estonian Association of Scientists Current research program and grants: Elucidation 

of the pathogenesis peculiarities and possibilities of treatment of the most important infection 

diseases in Estonia Supervision of dissertations: 1994 – Alvo Aabloo, Ph D Publications: 220 

Publications: monographs – 2, scientific articles in international journals – 31, other scientific articles 

– 82, conference theses – 74, other publications (dissertations, patents) - 35 

VÄLI, MARIKA Date of birth: 03.10.1959 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Kalda tee 8- 

35, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1977 graduated Tartu Secondary School No 5, 1983 graduated 

from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu Academic degrees (with year and university): 

docent, 1998, Chair of Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu Employment and professional 

experience: 1983-1986 assistant of the Chair of Forensic Medicine of the University of Tartu, 1986- 

1995 Head of Viljandi Department of the Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine, since 1995 Head of 

the Chair of Forensic Medicine of the University of Tartu Administrative experience: Head of Viljandi 

Department of the Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine, Head of the Chair of Forensic Medicine of 

the University of Tartu, Chief Expert of the Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine, Vice-President of 

the Baltic Medico-Legal Association Honours and awards: Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: member of the Estonian Association of Forensic Medicine, member of the Estonian Society 

of Pathologists Current research program and grants: 1.The consequences of chronic alcoholism - 

reasons of cell death (necrosis, apoptosis), working out the marker of chronic alcoholism in heavily 

drunken people, determing of CDT (carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin). 2. Investigation of reasons of 

sudden death (especially cardiomyopathy and acute coronary insufficiency). Supervision of dissertations: 

supervisior of the postgraduate student Daily Lepik “Differentation of pistols Makarov, Glock 

and TT and estimation of the range of firing according to the damages caused by bullet and gunshot 

residues”since September 1999; supervisior of the postgraduate student Vitali Vassiljev “Molecular 

and pathomorphological changes in tissues after chronical ethanol consumption and their prevention” 

since September 1999. Publications: total 14, 11 of them in international journals 

LEPIK, DAILY Date of birth: 15.05.1962 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Vapramäe 7, 

50411 Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1969 - 1980 Tartu Secondary School No 5, 1980 - 1986 

Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu Academic degrees (with year and university): Employment 

and professional experience: 1980 - 1986 hospital attendant and operating sister in 

Maarjamõisa Hospital. Since1986 assistant of the Chair of Forensic Medicine of the Department of 

Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, 1987 - 1994 forensic expert of Tartu 

Department of Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine Administrative experience: Honours and 

awards: Membership in academic and scientific societies: member of Estonian Association of Forensic 

Medicine, member of the Estonian Society of Pathologists. Current research program and 

grants: 1. Molecular and pathomorphological mechanisms of alcoholism related brain and heart damage 

and its pathomorphological prevention. 2. The consequences of chronic abuse of alcohol - reasons 

of cell death (necrosis, apoptosis), working out the marker of chronic alcoholism in heavily 

drunken people, determing of CDT (Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin). Supervision of dissertations: 

Publications: 9 

129


DRIKKIT, ILONA Date of birth: 20.04.1968 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Tähe 1- 

17, 51010, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1986 graduated the Secondary School No 7 of Tartu; 

1986-1992 studied in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu; 1992-1994 post-graduate 

training of general medicine Academic degrees (with year and university): Employment and professional 

experience: From 1994 assistant of the Chair of Forensic Medicine of the University of Tartu; 

from 1995 forensic pathologist of the South-Estonian Department of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine 

of Estonia Administrative experience: Honours and awards: Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: Member of Estonian Association of Forensic Medicine Current research program 

and grants: 1. The consequences of chronic alcoholism - reasons of cell death (necrosis, apoptosis), 

working out the marker of chronic alcoholism in heavily drunken people, determing of CDT (carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin). 

2. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in Estonia. 3.Causes of violent 

death in Estonia. Supervision of dissertations: Publications: 8 

MESILA, INGRID Date of birth: 03.03.1959, Tartu Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Männi 12, Tartu 50605, Estonia Educational history: medical higher education, graduated from the 

University of Tartu in 1983 Academic degrees (with year and university): - Employment and professional 

experience: 1983-1994 elder laboratory assistant, since 15. March 1994 assistant in the Institute 

of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of the University of Tartu Administrative experience: 

outside service – president of choir Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: member of Estonian Society of Pathologists and Estonian Society of Morphologists 

Current research program and grants: Reactive changes with DMBA containing intraabdominal implants. 

Mitotic activity in different organs of rats affected by cancerogenic stuff containing implants in 

abdominal cavity. Helicobacter pylory and gastritis with different reactive changes Supervision of 

dissertations: - Publications: together 20 publications 

TAMM, HANNES Date of birth: 25-th of February 1970, Tallinn Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian 

Address: Jaama street 179-22, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: medical higher education, 

graduated from the University of Tartu, Medical Faculty in 1997. General practitioner since 1998 Academic 

degrees (with year and university): - Employment and professional experience: 1997-1998 

elder laboratory assistant in the Department of Anatomy, since 31 July 1998 assistant in the Department 

of the Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine. From June, 2000 resident of pathological 

anatomy Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: member of Estonian Society of Pathologists, and of Estonian Junior Doctor’s Association 

Current research program and grants: Antagonistic activity of lactobacilli against salmonella 

infection in mouse model Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: together 3 publications 

MURDE, MARET Date of birth: 29.09.1963 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Staadioni 

44, 51008 Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1988 – graduated the medical Faculty, Tartu University 

Academic degrees (with year and university): - Employment and professional experience: 

1992 – 2000 – a paediatrician, Outpatient Department of Paediatrics, Tartu University, second category 

of paediatrics. February – may, 1993 – a lecturer, Department of Hygiene, Tartu University. 2000 

– an extraordinary assistant, Department of the Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Tartu 

University Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: - Current research program and grants: Elucidation of the pathogenesis peculiarities 

and possibilities of treatment of the most important infection diseases in Estonia Supervision 

of dissertations: - Publications: - 

130

PUBLIC HEALTH 

Name of the Department: Department of Public Health 

Head of the Department: 

The Department has 5 Chairs: 

Professor Raul-Allan Kiivet 

Name of the Chair: Head of the Chair: 

Health Promotion Docent Maarike Harro 

Epidemiology and biostatistics Senior Assistant Katrin Lang 

Environmental and Occupational Health Professor Astrid Saava 

Health Care Management Professor Raul-Allan Kiivet 

Health Economics Docent Kersti Meiesaar 

Courses to undergraduate students of medicine. 

Main courses Medical students Dentistry Nursing science 

Code Year Credits Code Year Credits Code Year Credits 

Health 

Promotion 

Epidemiology & 

biostatistics 

ARTH 

04.011 

ARTH 

03.006 

Environmental & ARTH 

Occupational 

Health 

01.045 

Health Care 

Management 

Health 

Economics 

ARTH 

02.006 

ARTH 

05.001 

2 4 CR ARTH 

04.011 

2 3 CR ARTH 

03.006 

3 3 CR ARTH 

01.044 

5 1,5 CR ARTH 

02.004 

5 1,5 CR ARTH 

05.002 


2 4 CR 

2 3 CR ARTH 

03.008 

2 2 CR 

5 1,5 CR 

5 1,5 CR ARTH 

05.007 

2 2 CR 

2 2 CR 



The main study methods used to teach public health disciplines are seminars, 

group work and practical exercises. Lectures account for 20 to 30% of the direct 

teaching time of 24 hours per 1 credit, according to the discipline. The rest 

of time (16 hours per 1 credit) the students should prepare for the seminars, 

write projects, solve practical exercises and study course literature. The main 

student evaluation method at the end of course is a written exam (test with 

questions/answers and open questions - situation exercises). In all public 

health disciplines the presentation by students on the results of their homework 

is a prerequisite for passing the course. This homework is presented either 

in the form of a project (in health promotion), essay (environmental health) 

or a critical analysis of scientific papers (health economics and health care 

management). 

131




During the last five years the proportion of public health disciplines in the curriculum 

of medical students has increased from 4% to 6,5% and its content 

was reformed. Since 1996 new disciplines – health promotion and health economics 

– were introduced and the content of the rest of courses has been 

radically changed. As well, new staff was recruited to the Department since 

1996, under the World Bank Estonia Health Project. Thus, during the last 

years the new courses were in constant development and this process has not 

yet completed. 


Strengths 

• We use guest lectures from other Faculties of the University (Phychology 

and Sociology etc) and highly qualified professionals (University Clinics, 

Ministry of Social Affairs, Central Sick Fund etc) in order to provide students 

with experience directly from the field. 

• The staff is multidisciplinary. Despite the fact, that most of the staff are 

MD’s, the lecturers in health economy have diploma and scientific degree in 

Economics, and the future head of the Chair of Biostatistics has a diploma 

and scientific degree in Mathematics. 

• In addition to lectures, teaching is mainly carried out in small groups (up to 

20 students) which makes learning more active for the students and provides 

immediate feedback for the lecturers. 

• Possibility to use technical aids (data projection, video, computer) and deliver 

written materials. 

• The staff is open-minded and ready to further develop the content of 

teaching according to the increase in their own experience and to the feedback 

given by the students. 

• Good international contacts with a variety of partner institutions. 

Weaknesses 

• The staff is young and not yet very productive in research. Thus the postgraduate 

students do not gain all the necessary guidance and support. 

• Shortage of text-books and literature in native language make learning difficult 

to students who are not fluent in English. 

• Few contacts and support from professional organisations in public health 

in Estonia. 


132 

On postgraduate level new curricula of Master of Public Health and Master of 

Sciences in Public Health were developed in 1999-2000 and the first group of

PUBLIC HEALTH 

students started in September 2000. This is the first time public health specialists 

will be trained in Estonia since 1940. 


• Many of the staff lack personal professional experience, which can make 

their message to the students sometimes too theoretical. 

• The structure and role of public health services has not been solved in Estonia, 

along with problems in manpower planning of public health specialists. 

• Much of energy and time of the staff is spent on various consulatncies and 

developmental activities on national (governmental) level. This provides 

contacts, experience and thus opportunities for further development, but 

competes with the main objective – teaching. 

• The disciplines of public health are traditionally not perceived to be of relevance 

in order to become a physician and thus the enthusiasm of students 

is generally low. 




evaluation? 

During last years, after completion of a course it has been usually evaluated 

by the students on the basis of questionnaires, developed by the different 

chairs of the Department. This has provided some feedback for the tutors on 

how to improve the content and presentation of the course. The heads of 

chairs routinely visit the seminars and lectures given by junior staff and guest 

lecturers in order to upgrade the content and mode of teaching of different tutors. 

In May 1999, a Peer-Review team from ASPHER (Association of Schools of 

Public Health in European Region) of 3 University Professors of Public Health 

visited the Department for three days and draw up a comprehensive report, 

which is presented in full on the Web-page of the Department 

(http://www.dph.ut.ee). In addition to their overall positive conclusions, the 

team provided a number of realistic and critical suggestions for improvement 

of teaching and further development of the Department, many of which have 

been followed. 



Approximately half of staff has attended formal courses of pedagogic training 

of 2-4 weeks of duration. This implies to the junior staff, who attended these 

courses during their Master of Public Health studies abroad. The older staff 

has not gained formal pedagogic training. 

133



Yes, there is a urgent need for this type of training, as the junior staff has received 

pedagogic training before they had any teaching experience themselves, 

and the senior staff has no pedagogic training. 




Rearrangement of teaching resources inside the Department is not felt to be 

necessary at the moment. 




Interaction between chairs inside the Department as well as with other Departments 

of the Faculty of Medicine should be improved in order to increase 

coherence in teaching. So far the main partners in teaching have been from 

the Department of Family Medicine. This co-operation has been improved over 

the years but is not yet as good as it should. 



In addition to the points made above, on undergraduate level we plan to reorganize 

the present 5 separate courses into a more interdisciplinary course of 

public health. For example, at the moment, the 2 nd year students receive basic 

knowledge in epidemiology before they have seen any patient or disease and 

naturally the discipline seems too theoretical for them. We plan to transfer 

some of this course to the 5 th year in order to teach clinical epidemiology and 

basics of research design. Instead, some of the content of the course of health 

care management (presently on 5 th year), namely the organisation of health 

care and main legislation in Estonia will be presented to the 2 nd year students 

in order they would have a better picture of the scene when they enter clinical 

studies. 

134 

The other main goal for the staff is to write textbooks and handbooks in their 

respective disciplines to be used both at undergraduate and postgraduate 

level as well as in continuous education.

PUBLIC HEALTH 

Public Health: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://www.dph.ut.ee 





- Rooms shared with another institution: rooms with area of m 2 













Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 










135


APPENDIX I-I 

Visits of the department members to other institutions abroad during 1996-2000 


1996 Alar Sepp. Assistant 6th Biennal Coinference of ESHMS Hungary Conference 1 week 

1996 Astrid Saava, Professor University of Medicine aand pharmacy 

medical school, Cluj-Napoca 

Romania Conference 1 week 

1996 Astrid Saava, Professor Universitu of Helsingi and Turku Finland Research 2 week 

1996 Astrid Saava, Professor Association of School of Public Health 

in the European Region 

Netherlands Congress 1 week 

1996 Astrid Saava, Professor Institute of Occupational Medicine and 

Environmental health WHO Collaborating 

Centre 

Poland Congress 2 week 

1996 Diva Eensoo, Research Nordic Institute for Advanced Training Finland Training 1 week 

Associate 

in Occupational Health 

1996 Eda Merisalu, Docent Nordic Institute for Advanced Training 


Finland Training 1 week 

1996 Eda Merisalu, Docent Nordic Institute for Advanced Training 


Finland Training 1 week 

1996 Kaja Põlluste, Senior as- University of Utrecht, Netherlands Netherlands Training 2 week 

sistant 

School of Public Health 

1996 Katrin Lang, Senior assistant 

University of Nottingham UK Research 2 week 

1996 Maarike Harro, Docent The 1996 International Pre-Olympia 

Scientific Congress 

USA Conference 1 week 

1996 Marina Kaarna, Assistant University of Utrecht, Netherlands 

School of Public Health 

Netherlands Training 2 week 

1996 Marina Kaarna, Sr assis- Nordic Institute for Advanced Training Finland Training 1 week 

tant 


1996 Raul-Allan Kiivet, Professor 

Stockholm School of Public Health Sweden Training 2 week 


Stockholm School of Public Health Sweden Training 2 week 

1997 Alar Sepp, Assistant Marina Congress Center Finland Conference 1 week 

1997 Alar Sepp, Assistant ESHMS Summer school Netherlands Training 2 week 

1997 Alar Sepp, Assistant University of Turku Finland Research 1 week 

1997 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Medical University of Lübeck Germany Research 1 week 

1997 Argo Soon, Sr assistant NIVA Finland Training 1 week 

1997 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Health effects of physical and mental 

work loads 

Island Training 1 week 

1997 Argo Soon, Sr assistant 32nd Graduate Summer Session in 

Epidemiology 

U.S.A Training 2 week 

1997 Astrid Saava, Professor EUROTEX Education Course Lihuania Training 1 week 

1997 Astrid Saava, Professor Environment and Health Training 

Course 

Lithuania Training 1 week 

1997 Astrid Saava, Professor Central Eastern European Conference 

on Epidemiology and Environmental 

Safety 

Latvia Conference 1 week 

1997 Astrid Siilbek, Assistant Brimhealth Foundation Of Public Health Latvia Training 2 week 

1997 Diva Eensoo, Research 10th World Conference on Tobacco or China Conference 1week 

Associate 

Health 

1997 Eda Merisalu, Docent Kaunas Medical Academy Lithuania Training 2 week 

1997 Eda Merisalu, Docent International Congress of Stress: Stress Budapest 

and Life 

Conference 1 week 

1997 Eda Merisalu, Docent Health effects of physical and mental 

work loads 

Island Training 1 week 

1997 Kaja Põlluste, Sr assistant School of Public Health CMUJ (I) Poland Training 4 week 

1997 Katrin Lang, Sr assistant School of Public Health CMUJ (I) Poland Training 4 week 

1997 Katrin Lang, Sr assistant University of Navarra Spain Conference 1 week 

136

PUBLIC HEALTH 

1997 Katrin Lang, Sr assistant International course on principles of 

epidemiologic rezearch 

Netherlands Training 1 week 

1997 Katrin Lang, Sr assistant Nordic Summer School in Methods of 

Infectiour Disease Epidemiology 

Denmark Training 2 week 

1997 Kersti Meiesaar, Docent University of Kuopio and Helsinki Finland Research 2 week 

1997 Kersti Meiesaar, Docent School of Public Health CMUJ (I) Poland Training 4 week 

1997 Kersti Meiesaar, Docent European Healthcare Management Association 

Annual Conference 

Netherlands Conference 1 week 

1997 Kersti Pärna, Sr assistant 10th World Conference on Tobacco or 

Health 

China Conference 1 week 

1997 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Uppsala Sweden Research 1 month 

1997 Maarike Harro,Docent XIXth International Symposium of Pediatric 

Work 

Great Britain Conference 1 week 

1997 Marina Kaarna, Assistant School of Public Health CMUJ (I) Poland Training 4 week 

1997 Marina Kaarna, Assistant 7th Summer Training Course on Health 

Promotion and Research 

Italy Training 2 week 

1997 Marina Kaarna, Assistant Foundation of Public Health , Part 2 Sweden Training 2 week 

1998 Argo Soon, Sr assistant NIVA Finland Training 1 week 

1998 Argo Soon, Sr assistant 9th European Training Consortium in 

Public Health and Health Promotion: 

UK Training 2 week 

1998 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Institut of Occupational Health Finland Research 1 month 

1998 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Fifth Praque Summer School Czech Rep Training 2 week 

1998 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Fifth Praque Summer School Czech Rep Training 2 week 

1998 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Lybeck Medical School Germany Research 1 month 

1998 Astrid Saava, Professor Ministry of Public Health Bulgary Congress 1 week 

1998 Astrid Saava, Professor 25th International Congress an Arts and USA 

Community" 

Conference 2 week 

1998 Astrid Saava, Professor University of Uppsala Sweden Conference 1 week 

1998 Astrid Saava, Professor XX ASPHER Annual Conference Quality 

in Public Health 

Italy Conference 1 week 

1998 Astrid Saava, Professor ILSI Workshop Germany Conference 1 week 

1998 Astrid Siilbek, Assistant Fifth Praque Summer School Czech Rep Training 2 week 

1998 Diva Eensoo, Research The First European Conference on the Netherlands Conference 1 week 

Associate 

Promotion 

1998 Diva Eensoo, Research 

Associate 

University of Uppsala Research Research 1 month 

1998 Eda Merisalu, Docent Second World Congress on Stress Australia Congress 1 week 

1998 Eda Merisalu, Docent University of Stavanger Norway Research 1 week 

1998 Katrin Lang, Sr assistant London School of Hygiene and Tropical 

Medicine 

UK Research 1 week 

1998 Kersti Pärna, Sr assistant Fifth Praque Summer School Poland Training 2 week 

1998 Kersti Pärna, Sr assistant Conference "Tobacco and Woman" France Conference 1 week 

1998 Kersti Pärna, Sr assistant Cardiff International Arena UK Training 2 week 

1998 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Uppsala Finland Research 2 week 

1998 Maarike Harro, Docent "CINP" XXI congress UK Conference 2 week 

1998 Maarike Harro, Docent Second World Congress on Stress Australia Congress 1 week 

1998 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Bristol UK Training 1 week 

1998 Marina Kaarna, Assistant BRIMHEALTH Course Primary Health 

Care 

Russian Training 2 week 

1998 Marina Kaarna, Assistant Course on Primary Care of NSPH Russian Training 2 week 

1998 Marina Kaarna, Assistant Qualitative Research Methods in Public 

Health 

Sweden Training 2 week 


Hradec University Czech Rep Conference 1 week 

1999 Alar Sepp, Assistant University of Tampere Finland Research 1 week 

1999 Alar Sepp, Assistant University of Tampere Finland Research 1 week 

1999 Argo Soon, Sr assistant 8th International Conference on Indoor 

Air Quality and Climate” 

UK Conference 1 week 

137


1999 Argo Soon, Sr assistant NIVA Denmark training 1 week 

1999 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects 

in Occupational and Environmetal 

Health 

Sweden Conference 1 week 

1999 Argo Soon, Sr assistant Kaunas Medical Academy Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1999 Astrid Saava, Professor University of Kuopio Finland Lectures 1 week 

1999 Astrid Saava, Professor International Symposium: New Frontiers 

in Public Health 

Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1999 Astrid Siilbek, Assistant Ninth Annual Public Health Forum UK Training 2 week 

1999 Eda Merisalu, Docent University of Stavanger Norway Research 1 week 

1999 Kaja Põlluste, Senior assistant 

Palair de l'Europe France Conference 1 week 

1999 Kersti Meiesaar, Docent 8th Seminar on Health Economics Finland Lectures 1 week 

1999 Kersti Meiesaar, Docent 20th Nordic Health Economists' Study 

Group Meeting 

Island Conference 1 week 

1999 Kersti Pärna, Sr assistant 2nd European Conference on Tobacco 

or Health "Smoke free 21st Century" 

Spain Conference 1 week 

1999 Marina Kaarna, Assistant Palair de l'Europe France Conference 1 week 


ASPHER Spain Conference 1 week 


Helarew University of Jerusalem Jeruusalem Conference 1 week 

2000 Argo Soon, Sr assistant 26th International Congress on Occupational 

Health” 

Singapur Congress 1 week 

2000 Argo Soon, Sr assistant International Conference “Healthy 

Buildings 2000”, 

Finland Conference 1 week 

2000 Eda Merisalu, Docent 3nd World Congress on Stress Ireland Congress 1 week 

2000 Kersti Pärna, Sr assistant University of Helsinki Finland Research 1 week 

2000 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Exeter Visit UK Research 2 week 

2000 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Tampere Finland Training 2 week 

2000 Maarike Harro, Docent XXII nd CINP Congress Belgium Congress 1 week 

2000 Maarike Harro, Docent XXVII Congress of Psychology Sweden Congress 1 week 

2000 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Uppsala Sweden Research 4 week 

2000 Maarike Harro, Docent University of Tampere Finland Conference 1 week 

2000 Raul-Allan Kiivet, Profes- VII world Conference on Clinical Phar- Florence Conference 1 week 

sormacology 

& Therapeutics 

2001 Maarike Harro National Institute of Public Health Finland Training 1 week 

2001 Maarike Harro National Institute of Public Health Finland Training 1 week 

2001 Maarike Harro University of Uppsala Sweden Research 2 week 

APPENDIX I-II 



1996 Argo Soon Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun Hebrew University Israel 1 year 

1996 Kersti Pärna University of Kuopio Finland 1 year 

1997 Kaja Põlluste BRIMHEALTH Sweden 3 years 

1999 Ene Indermitte University of Kuopio Finland 1 year 

1999 Katrin Lang University of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine UK 2 years 

1999 Agris Koppel BRIMHEALTH Sweden 2 week 

1999 Katrin Sihver BRIMHEALTH Sweden 2 week 

1999 Jaana Alep Ospedate Bambino GESU, IRCCS Italy 1 week 

2000 Agris Koppel BRIMHEALTH Sweden 2 week 

2000 Katrin Sihver BRIMHEALTH Sweden 2 week 

2000 Liis Nirk BRIMHEALTH Sweden 2 week 

138


PUBLIC HEALTH 




Argo Soon University of Uppsala Sweden Indoor air quality and health 

Argo Soon Finnish Institute of Occupational Finland Development of occupational 

Health 

health services 

Kersti Pärna University of Helsinki Finland Research 

Katrin Lang European Centre on Health of 

Societies in Transition and London 

School of Hygiene and 

Tropical Medicine, University of 

London 

England Research 

Prof. A.Saava University of Turku Finland Create an interactive CD-ROM 

on environmental health 

Prof. A.Saava University of Kuopio Finland Advanced public health research 

Prof. A.Saava Nordic School of Public Health Sweden BRIMHEALTH 

Docent Kersti Meiesaar University of Kuopio Finland Research 

Docent Kersti Meiesaar Netherlands Institute of Primary 

Health Care 

Netherlands Research 

Docent Kersti Meiesaar Care Institute of Health Economics 

Canada Research 

Ass. Alar Sepp University of Tampere Finland Research and teaching 

Ass. Alar Sepp Medizinische Universität zu 

Lübeck 

Germany Teaching and research 

Ass. Alar Sepp The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 

Israel Research and teaching 

Sr assistant Kaja Põlluste Nordic School of Public Health Sweden Research and teaching 

Docent Maarike Harro IYHS /International Youth UK, Denmark, Research 

Hearth Study/ 

Sweden, Portugal 

Prof Raul-Allan Kiivet EU Copernicus Joint Research Spain, Sweden, Research 

Project ERB - IC15 - CT98-0340 Hungary 

APPENDIX I-IV 


Visitor Institution Country Purpose 

Prof David Leon University of London UK Teaching 

Katrin Saluvere Ministry of Social Affairs EST Teaching 

Maris Jesse Central Sick Fund EST Teaching 

Arvi Vask Ministry of Social Affairs EST Teaching 

Piret Laur Ministry of Social Affairs EST Teaching 

Kersti Reinsalu Ministry of Social Affairs EST Teaching 

Prof Antonio Campos Institute of Public Administration for Portugal Portugal Lecture 

Dr Hernan Fuenzalida International Consultant on Social Security Reforms USA Lecture 

Matti Rajala European Commission EU Lecture 

Prof Lembit Rägo State Agency of Medicines EST Lecture 

Dr Antje Reumann de Fernandez University of Bonn Germany Lecture 

139


APPENDIX I-V 



1. American Journal of Epidemiology paper 

2. American Journal of Public Health paper 

3. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene paper 

4. Health Policy paper 

5. Health Promotion International paper 

6. Indoor Air paper 

7. International Journal for Quality in Health Care paper 

8. International Journal Health Planning & Management paper 

9. Journal of Health Economics paper 

10. Medical History paper 

11. Public Health paper 

12. World Health Statistics Annual paper 

140

APPENDIX I-V 


MONOGRAPHS 

PUBLIC HEALTH 

1. Harro M, Riddoch C. Measurement of physical activity in children. Oxford University Press, 2000. 

2. Lang K. Death Certification, Coding and Registration in Estonia. 

http://www.Ishtml.ac.uk/centres/ecohost/projects.htm#death-estonia, 2000 pg 46 

68. Lang K. Cancer in Estonia: Registration, Rates and Public Health. London School of Hygiene and 

Tropicxal Medicine, London, 2000, pg 60 /Degree of doctor of Medical Sciences/ 

69. Põlluste K. Developing a client-oriented health care service in the Children’s Hospital of the University 

of Tartu. Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, 2000 pg 60 /Degree of Master of Public 

Health/ 

70. Eensoo D. Association of physical activity with mental health and personality. University of Tartu, 

2000 pg 68 /Degree of Master of Public Health/ 

71. Kiivet R-A. Drug utilization studies as supgort to decisions in drug policy in Estonia. Stockholm 

1999 pg 46 /Degree of doctor of Medical Sciences/ 

72. Pihl E. Cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged former athletes. University of Tartu, 1999 pg 97 

/Degree of doctor of Medical Sciences/ 

73. Innos K. Epidemiological Resources in Estonia: Data sources, their quality and the feasibility of cohort 

studies. University of Tartu , 1999 pg 101 /Degree of doctor of Medical Sciences/ 

74. Tusti E. Tick-borne encephalitis in Estonia. University of Kuopio, Finland, 1999 pg 49 /Degree of 

Master of Public Health/ 

75. Merisalu E. Eesti õpetajate tööstress ja tervis. Tartu 1999 pg 1-36 

76. Merisalu E. Elva õpetajate hinnangud koolikeskkonnale. In:Mehilane L. "Mis on koolilapsel muret", 

1999 

77. Saava A. Peipsi järve sanitaar-hügieeniline seisund. (toim. Pihu E, Raukas A). Tallinn1999 pg 84- 

89 

78. Soon A. Sick Building Syndrome in Hadassah Hospital Office Workers. Joseph H. and Belle R. 

Braun Hebrew University – Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, 

Israel, 1997 pg 90 /Degree of Master of Public Health/ 

79. Pärna Kersti. Smoking and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Tallinn (Estonia). University 

of Kuopio, Finland, 1997 pg 60 /Degree of Master of Public Health/ 

80. Kuus K. The economic impact of cancer in Estonia. University of Tartu, 1997 pg 56 

81. Siilbek A. Perinatal Mortality in Estonmia in Comparision to Surrounding European Countries. The 

Netherlands School of Public Health (NSPH), The Netherlands, 1997 pg 46 /Degree of Master of 

Public Health/ 

82. Sallo M. Stdies on habitual physical activity and aerobic fitness in 4 to 10 years old children, University 

of Tartu, 1997 pg 81/Degree of doctor of Medical Sciences/ 


1. Sallo M, Viru A. Aerobic capacity and physical activity in 4 to 10 year-old children. Biology of Sport. 

1996; 13: 211-219. 

2. Viru A, Loko J, Volver A, Laaneots L, Sallo M, Smirnova T, Karelson K. Alterations in foundations 

for motor development in children and adolescents. Coaching and Sport Science Journal. 1996; 4: 

11-19 

3. Kaarma H, Tapfer H, Veldre G, Thetloff M, Saluste L, Peterson J. Some principles to be considered 

when using young womens anthropometric data. Biology of Sport. 1996; 13:127 –135. 

4. Senkpiel K, Soon A, Ohgke H. Untersuchung zur mikrobiziden Wirkung von ausgewählten kommerziell 

erhältlichen Antischimmelpilz. Präparaten für den häuslichen Gebrauch. GesundheitsIngenieur. 

München R.Oldenbourg Verlag. 1996; 117; 2: 86-92. 

5. Marandi T, Dahl ML, Kiivet RA, Rägo L, Sjöqvist F. Debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation 

phenotypes and CYP2D6 genotypes in an Estonian population. Pharmacology and Toxicology. 

1996; 78: 303-307 

6. Kaasik T, Hörte L.G, Andersson R. Injury in Estonia: An Estonian-Swedish Comparative Study. Ki 

Green Raport 324. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social 

Medicine, Sundbyberg. 1996; 29 pg. 

7. Ristimäe T, Thetloff M, Teesalu R. Heart rate variability in patients with mild heart failure secondary 

to coronary artery disease: comparison of patients with and without prior myocardial infraction. 

Journal Electrocardiol, 1996;29:162-167 

141


8. Harro J, Sallo M, Rimm H, Jaanimägi N, Päevloo A, Villa I. Does the personality of parents influence 

the physical activity of their children?.- Children and Exercise XIX. Promoting health and wellbeing. 

London: E & FN SPON, 1997, 157-162. 

9. Harro M. Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Physical Activity of Children Ages 4-8 Year.- Research 

Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1997, 68, 4, 259-268. 

10. Kõiv L, Merisalu E, Zilmer K, Tomberg T, Kaasik AE. Changes of sympathoadrenal and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical 

system in patients with head injury.- Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 

Munksgaard: 1997, 96, 52-58. 

11. Kaasik AT, Jürimäe T. Influence of four-week examination session stress and hypokinesia on serum 

lipoprotein pattern in students.- Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 1997, 13S, 320B. 

12. Marandi T, Dahl ML Rägo L, Kiivet RA, Sjöqvist F. Debrisoquine and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation 

polymorphisms in a Russian population living in Estonia.- European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 

1997, 53, 257-260. 

13. Pihl E, Jürimäe T, Kaasik T. Effect of physical activity on cardiovascular health in 18-25-year-old 

university students.- Acta Medica Baltica. Riga: 1997, 4, 1, 84-87. 

14. Pihl E, Jürimäe T, Kaasik T. Coronary heart disease risk factors physical activity and fitness in 

middle-aged female former athletes in comparison with young athletes.- Sportorvosi szemle: Hungarian 

Review of Sports Medicine, 1997, 2, 69-78. 

15. Sallo M, Silla R. Physical activity with moderate to vigorous intensity in 4 to 10 years old children.- 

Pediatric Exercise Science, 1997, 9, 1, 44-54. 

16. Sallo M, Harro J, Viru A. Moderate to vigorous physical activities in preadolescent children.- Children 

and Exercise XIX. Promotion health and well-being. London: E &FN SPON, 1997, 151-156. 

17. Kaasik T, Andersson R, Hörte L-G. The effects of political and economic transitions on health and 

safety in Estonia: An Estonian-Swedish comparative study. Social Science and Medicine 1998; 47 

(10):1589-1599. 

18. Kiivet RA, Bergman U, Rootslane L, Rägo L, Sjöqvist F. Drug use in 1994-1995: a follow-up from 

1989 and comparsion with two Nordic countries. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1998, 

54:119-124. 

19. Kiivet RA, Bergman U, Sjöstedt S, Sjöqvist F. Ulcer surgery in Estonia a consequence of drug delay? 

The Lancet 1998; 351: 146 

20. Pihl E, Jürimäe T. Kaasik T. Coronary heart disease risk factors in middle-aged former top-level 

athletes. Scandinavian J of Medicine & Science in Sport, 1998; 8:229-235 

21. Meiesaar K, Kopgel A, Metsa A, Lember M. Evaluation of primary health care reform. IN: Terveystaloustiede 

5/1999. Toim. Mai Nordberg, Pekka Rissanen & Satu Kerpgilä. Helsinki: Stakes, 

1999; 54 - 59. 

22. Rimm H, Harro M, Karelson K, Grauberg M, Viru A, Harro J. State mood and self-efficacy in relation 

to physical activity and fitness in young healthy men. Acta Psychiatrica Belgica. 1999; 99: 16- 

22. 

23. Viru A, Loko J, Harro M, Volver A, Laaneots L, Viru M. Critical periods in the development of performance 

capacity during childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Physical Education. 

1999; 4: 75-117. 

24. Harro J, Häidkind R, Harro M, Modiri AR, Gillberg PG, Pähkla R, Matto V, Oreland L. Chronic mild 

unpredictable stress after noradrenergic denervation: attenuation of behavioural and biochemical 

effects of DSP-4 treatment. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999; 10 (1): 5-16. 

25. Harro J, Pähkla R, Modiri AR, Harro M, Kask A, Oreland L. Dose-dependent effects of noradrenergic 

denervation by DSP- 4 treatment on forced swimming and ß- adrenoceptor binding in the rat. 

Journal of Neural Transmission. 1999; 160: 619-629. 

26. Harro J, Rimm H, Harro M, Karelson K, Viru A. Association of depressiveness with blunted growth 

hormone response to maximal physical exercise in young healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 

1999; 24(5): 505-517. 

27. Pähkla R, Lambert J, Ansko P, Winstanley P, Davies PDO, Kiivet RA. Comparative bioavailability 

of three different preparations of rifampicin. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 1999; 

24: 219-225. 

28. Soon A, Kähkönen E. Volatile Organic Compounds in Tartu Office Buildings. ATLA-Alternatives to 

Laboratory Animals. 1999; 27: 413-415. 

29. Pärna K. Passive smoking among adolescents in Estonia. Human & Experimenta Toxicology. 

1999; 18: 229-232 

30. Hokka P, Palosuo H, Zhuravleva I, Pärna K, Mussalo-Rauhamaa, Lakomova. Anxiety about environmental 

hazards among teenagers in Helsinki, Moscow and Tallinn. The Science of the Total 

Environment. 1999; 234: 95-107. 

31. Soon A. The Sick Building Syndrome and Type of Ventilation in Estonia Office Buildings. 

Absctracts in the 8 th International Conference on Edinburg. 1999, 1: 141-146. 

142

PUBLIC HEALTH 

32. Innos K, Rahu M. , Rahu K. Feasibility of cohort studies in Estonia. Occupational Environmental 

Medicine, 1999; 56: 499-502 

33. Saava A, Kiivet R. Health care reforms in Estonia. In: Health sector reform in Central and Eastern 

Europe. FIOSSER, 1999: 97-105 

34. Põlluste K, Kalda R, Lember M. Primary Health Care System in Transistion: The Patient’s experience. 

Int J Qual Health Care, 2000;12:503-509 

35. Saava A. History of Public Health research in Estonia. Eur J Public Health, 2000; 10:164-167. 

36. LLerena A, Kiivet RA, Dahl ML, Sanchez Vega J, Rootslane L, Wettermark B. Psychotropic drug 

use in non-psychiatric departments of three European university hospitals. Nordic Journal of 

Psychiatry, 2000; 54: 61-65 

37. Saava A. Public health research in Estonia. European Journal of Public Health. 2000, Vol. 10, Nr. 

3, Sept., 164-167. 

38. Soon, A, “The Sick Building Syndrome and Type of Ventilation in Estonian Office Buildings”, The 

8 th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 8-13 August 1999, Edinburgh, 

Scotland, Proceedings Vol.1 pg. 141-146 

39. Soon, A, “What causes Sick Building Syndrome – sick workroom or sick dwelling?”, The 5 th international 

conference “Healthy Building 2000” August 6-10, 2000, Espoo, Finland, Vol.1 pg. 83-88 

40. Soon, A, “Mucous Membrane Irritation Symptoms among Hadassah Hospital Office Workers”, Neurotoxicology, 

2000, Vol 21, pg. 882-883 

41. Eensoo D, Harro J, Harro M, Rimm J, Viru A. Depressiveness, anxiety, perceived stress, and selfefficancy 

in midle-aged men with different engagement in physical activity. Medicina Dello Sport, 

2000;1:69-74 

42. Soon A. What causes Sick Building Syndrome – sick workroom or sick dwelling. Helsingi SIY Indoor 

Air Information OY, 2000:1, 83-88 

43. Gibis B, Artiles J, Corabian P, Meiesaar K, Koppel A, Jacobs P, Serrano P, Menon D. Apglication 

of SWOT analysis in the development of health techonology assessment program. Journal Health 

Policy, 2000 pg 16. 


1. Grauberg M, Sallo M, Karelson K. Maksimaalne hapnikutarbimine meesüliõpilastel. Sporditeooria 

ja treeninguõpetuse instistuudi teadus- ja õpgemetoodiliste tööde kogumik, 1996;4: 25-30. 

83. Põlluste K. Biomeetria õpetamine Arstiteaduskonnas. Eesti Statistikaselts, Teabevihik. 1995; 5:52- 

57. 

84. Sallo M, Kull M, Volver A. Viru A. Problems of habitual physical activity in children and adolescents. 

Acta Academiae Olympicae Estoniae, 1996; 3:140-150 

85. Koll K. Eetilised probleemid moodsas epidemioloogias. Eesti Arst, 1996;4:325-329 

86. Grünberg H, Thetloff M. Laste adipoossus, hindamise kriteeriumid, esinemissagedus, füüsiline 

areng ja lipiidide ainevahetushäired. Eesti Arst, 1996; 2:109-111 

87. Jürimäe T, Pihl E. Kehalise kasvatuse õpetajate tervislik seisund. Eesti Arst, 1996;2:115-118. 

88. Kiivet R.A., Rootslane L Vendla K. Ravimkasutuse muutus aastail 1989 ja 1994. Eesti Arst, 

1996;4:291-295 

89. Kaastik T, Hörte LG, Andersson R. Vigastused surmapõhjustena Eestis ja Rootsis.- Eesti Arst, 

1997, 2, 143-147. 

90. Eensoo D, Sallo M, Pärna K. Eesti koooliõpilaste võimalikud tervist mõjutavad tegurid.- Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

1997, Lisa, 9. 

91. Grünberg H, Thetloff M, Pubertal stages of Estonian children.- Papers on anthropology VII. Tartu: 

1997, 84-89. 

92. Järvelaid M, Loolaid V, Kaarma H, Thetloff M, Loolaid K. The sexual maturation and anthropometric 

characteristics of 15- to 18 years-old schoolgirls.- Papers on anthropology VII. Tartu: 1997, 

142-150. 

93. Kiivet R. Eesti tervishoiu kvaliteedipoliitika.- Eesti Tervishoiureformi konverents: Toimetised. Tallinn:1997, 

35-38. 

94. Kuus K, Siilbek A. Tuberkuloosi epidemioloogia ja kontrolli programmid tänapäeval.- Tuberkuloos 

ja perearstid. Tartu: 1997, 31-37. 

95. Meiesaar K, Soodla V, Metsa A. Võrdsusest Eesti tervishoius.- Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, Lisa, 

33-34. 

96. Meiesaar K. Tuberkuloosi majanduslikud aspektid.- Tuberkuloos ja perearstid. Tartu: 1997, 38- 

47. 

97. Meiesaar K, Metsa A. Rahvavoogude analüüs tervishoius.- Arvestuse ja maksunduse aktuaalsed 

probleemid. Tallinn: 1997, 122-128. 

143


98. Põlluste K. Eesti elanikkonna tervis.- Väljakutse tervishoiuteenustele: Eesti tervishoiureformi konverents. 

Toimetised. Tallinn: 1997, 14-16. 

99. Rootslane L, Hinrikus T, Kiivet R,A. Valuvaigistite kasutamine TÜ Kliinikumi Maarjamõisa haiglas 

aastatel 1992 ja 1994.- Eesti Rohuteadlane, 1997, 1, 3-7. 

100. Sepp A, Sepp H. Tartumaa tervishoiulistest oludest 1930.a. alguses (dr. Mihkel Kase väitekirja 

järgi).- 75 aastat Eesti ülikooli Tartus. Tartu: TÜK, 1997, 179-186 (Tartu Ülikooli Ajaloo Küsimusi 

XXIX köide) 

101. Soon A. Ruumiõhu sündroom Jeruusalemma Hadassah’ Kliinikute kontorit öötajatel.- Eesti Rohuteadlane, 

Lisa, 64-65. 

102. Pärna K, Saava A. Tartu linna kooliõpilaste arvamus oma elukeskkonnast ja terviseriskidest.- Tervisekaitse 

1995, Tallinn, 1996, 101-107. 

103. Raud S, Paris D, Lepik A, Saava A, Eensoo D, Pärna K. Erakaevude seisund Tartu linnas.- 

Tervisekaitse 1995, Tallinn, 1996, 95-101. 

104. Saava A. Hügieeni õpetamine Tartu ülikoolis läbi aegade.- 75 aastat Eesti Ülikooli Tartus. Tartu: 

TÜK, 1997, 187-196, (Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi XXIX) 

105. Thetloff M. Eesti Antropomeetriaregistri loomise eesmärgid ja tulevikuplaanid.- Meditsiinistatistika 

ja -registrid, Tartu: Eesti Statistikaselts, 1997, 17-20, (Teabevihik 9/1997) 

106. Ilves P, Thetloff M, Talvik T. Aju verevoolu kiirus ajalistel vastsündinutel esimesel elunädalal.- 

Eesti Arst, Tallinn: Perioodika, 1997, 4, 296-299 

107. Kaasik T, Kuus K, Thetloff M, Uring R. Üliõpilaste tervis- eesti haritlaskonna tervise alus.- Haridus, 

1997, 6, 55-59. 

108. Sepp A. Eesti arstiteaduse ajaloost.- Eesti Arstide Liidu Teataja 4.04.1997, 1-8. 

109. Sepp A. The History of Medicine in Tartu.- Eesti Arstide Liidu Teataja 4.04.1997, 9-16. 

110. Eensoo D, Pärna K. Mida arvavad kooliõpilased oma elukeskkonnast?.- Keskkonnatehnika, 

1997,1, 11. 

111. Innos K, Rahu M, Rahu K. Rahvastikuandmete kvaliteet epidemioloogilistes uuringutes. Eesti Arst 

1998;(6):483-487. 

112. Saava A, Laursoo K, Künnap P Uued nõuded joogivee kvaliteedile. Eesti Arst, 1998, Lisa (Rahva 

tervisekaitse Eestis), lk. 531-534. 

113. Kaasik T. Vigastuste preventsioon kui rahvatervise oluline ülesanne. Eesti Arst: Rahva Tervisekaitse 

Eestis, 1998: 494-498. 

114. Kõiv L, Merisalu E, Kaasik A-E. Peaaju trauma ja humoraalse homöostaasi muutused. Eesti Arst, 

1998, 3, 238-246. 

115. Lang K, Meiesaar K, Danilovits M, Sillastu H, Siilbek A. Tuberkuloos kui tõsine rahvatervise 

probleem Eestis. Eesti Arst 1998;(lisa: Rahva tervisekaitse Eestis):512-516. 

116. Saava A. Health hazards due to drinking water in Estonia. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., Section B, 

Vol. 52 (1998), Supglement, p. 54-58. 

117. Soon, A, Ruumiõhu sündroom. Eesti Arst (lisa: Rahva tervisekaitse Eestis):1998, 537-541. 

118. Uring R, Thetloff M, Lang K, Kaasik T. Üliõpilaste tervis – Eesti haritlaskonna tervise alus II. Haridus 

1998;(5):53-57. 

119. Sepp A. ENSV – TRÜ – EÜE. Eesti Üliõpilaste Ehitusmalev oma ajastu laps.Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo 

küsimusi XXX; (Tartu Ülikool 1970-1988);Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus; 1998:134-140 

120. Merisalu E, Thetloff M, Saava A. Eesti Üldhariduskoolide õpetajate hinnangud koolikeskkonnale. 

Tervisekaitse 1997, 1999, 33-39. 

121. Raud S, Lepik A, Pärna K, Eensoo D, Saava A. Tartu Ihaste linnaosa kaevude seisund. Tervisekaitse 

1996, Tallinn 1998. 

122. Meiesaar K, Metsa A. Country Case Study on the Effects of Remuneration Incentives on Provider 

Practice (Estonia). Tartu, 1998. 

123. Kaarna M, Kutsar K, Malbe R, Mehilane L, Merisalu E, Mitt K, Põlluste K, Russak S, Saava A, 

Trei T Eesti rahva tervis. Tartu, 1998, 56 lk. 

124. Kaarna M, Kutsar K, Malbe R, Mehilane L, Merisalu E, Mitt K, Põlluste K, Russak S, Saava A, 

Trei T. Public Health in Estonia. Tartu, 1998, 56 lk. 

125. Kalda R, Põlluste K, Lember M. Eesti elanikkonna hinnang esmatasandi tervishoius aset leidnud 

muudatustele. Eesti Arst, 1999;3:269-273 

126. Soon A, Kähkönen E, Ruut J, Saarinen L, Tupgurainen M. Indoor Air Quality in Tartu Office Buildings. 

Eesti Töötervishoid, 1999, lisa 5-9 

127. Meiesaar K. Tervise ökonoomika ja tervishoiuökonoomika. Eesti Arst, 2000;12: 743-746 

128. Põlluste K. Kaarna M, Thetloff M, Vahula V, Sule U. Töötajate tööga rahulolu uuring Pärnu Haiglas. 

Eesti Arst, 2000; 5: 261-266 

129. Põlluste K. Kaarna M, Thetloff M, Seppik M. Haiglaraviga rahulolu kujundavad tegurid Pärnu Haigla 

patsientide hinnangul. Eesti Arst; 2000, 11: 658-663 

130. Põlluste K. Tervishoiuasutuste akresditeerimine. Perearst; 200, 1;3-5 

144


PUBLIC HEALTH 

1. Gibis B, Artiles J, Corabian P, Meiesaar K, Kopgel A, Jacobs P, Serrano P, Menon D. Apglication 

of SWOT analysis in the development of health technology assessment program. Edmonton, 2000, 

16 p. Journal Health Policy (submitted) 

2. Kiivet RA, Kaur I, Lang A, Aaviksoo A, Nirk L. Cost of asthma treatment in Estonia. European 

Journal of Public Health, 2000 (manuscript 8T1019 accepted for publication) 


1. R.Lepnurm, K.Mitt, K.Põlluste. Tervishoiusüsteemi strateegiline juhtimine. 1997, Tartu 

2. Soon A. Drinking water under field conditions. Tartu, 1997 pg 18 

131. Kuus K, Siilbek A. Demographic indicators and their calculation. Seminar workbook. Tartu, 1997 

pg 8 

132. Harro M. Healthy Nutrition. Seminar Workbook, 1997; 8 pg 

133. K.Kuus, Siilbek A. Tables and diagrams. Seminar Workbook, 1997; 8 pg 

134. Kuus K, Siilbek A. Demographic Indicators and their Calculation. Seminar Workbook, 1997; 8 pg. 

135. Kuus K, Siilbek A. Indicators of Child Mortality. Seminar workbook, 1997; 8 pg 

136. Soon A. Drinking water under field conditions, Seminar workbook, 1997; 18 pg 

137. Harro, M. Physical activity and physical fitness. OÜ Tartumaa Trükikoda, 1998 

138. Harro, M. Health promotion in School. OÜ Tartumaa Trükikoda, 1998 (english and russian) 

139. Harro, M. Health promotion in preschool. OÜ Tartumaa Trükikoda, 1998 (english and russian) 

140. Harro, M.. Nutrional assessment. OÜ Tartumaa Trükikoda, 1998 (english and russian) 

141. Harro, M. Ageless OÜ Tartumaa Trükikoda, 1998 (estonian and russian) 

142. Merisalu E, Saava A Toksilised ühendid töökeskkonnas. Tartu Ülikool, Tervishoiu instituut. Tartu, 

1998, 56 lk. 

143. Saava A Sissejuhatus rahvatervise õpgeainesse. Tartu Ülikool, Tervishoiu instituut. Tartu, 1998, 

51 lk. 

144. Sepp A. Meditsiini lühiajalugu I. Kiviajast kokaiinini. OÜ Tartumaa Trükikoda, 1998. 

145. Tamm V, Philips K, Meiesaar K.Riigi Sotsiaalmajandus Statistika. 1999: 1-158v 

146. Saava A, Trei T. Public Health in Estonia, 1998: 56 pg 

147. Saava A. Nutritional assessment, Tartu, 2000 pg 16 

148. Indermitte E ; Caution! - tick, Tartu, 2000 pg 16 

149. Soon A. Computer and health, Tartu, 2000 pg 16 

150. Merisalu E. Waste products and health, Tartu, 2000 pg 16 

145


Academic and administrative personnel: Department of Public Health 

PUBLIC HEALTH 


1. Raul-Allan Kiivet Professor 1,00 Health Care Management Male 1960 Ph.D 1988 & 1999 16 

2. Astrid Saava Professor 1,00 Environmental and Occupational Health Female 1938 Dr.Sci 1974 14 

3. Eda Merisalu Docent 1,00 Environmental and Occupational Health Female 1955 Ph.D 1995 16 

4. Maarike Harro Docent 1,00 Health Promotion Female 1960 Ph.D 1997 12 

5. Kersti Meiesaar Docent 1,00 Health Economics Female 1950 Cand.Sci 1980 28 

6. Kaja Põlluste Lecturer 1,00 Health Care Management Female 1967 11 

7. Argo Soon Lecturer 1,00 Environmental and Occupational Health Male 1965 MPH 1997 9 

8. Kersti Pärna Lecturer 1,00 Health Promotion Female 1960 MPH 1997 9 

9. Katrin Lang Lecturer 1,00 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Female 1963 Ph.D 2000 9 

10. Marina Kaarna Assistant 1,00 Health Care Management Female 1963 6 

11. Alar Sepp Assistant 1,00 Health Promotion Male 1963 9 

12. Astrid Siilbek Assistant 1,00 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Female 1969 MPH 1997 3 

13. Tatjana Leoško Assistant 1,00 Health Economics Female 1976 B.Sc 1999 2 

14. Diva Eensoo Researcher 1,00 Health Care Management Female 1963 M.Sc 2000 14 

15. Ene Indermitte Researcher 1,00 Environmental and Occupational Health Female 1967 MPH 1999 2 

16. Kaido Põlluste IT Specialist 0,50 Male 1961 3 

17. Merike Koppel Secretary 1,00 Female 1977 3 

18. Kaili Kulasalu Secretary 1,00 Female 1972 3 

19. Endla Anni Technical staff 1,00 Female 1941 38 

20. Ludmilla Jakobson Technical staff 1,00 Female 1954 6 


147



PUBLIC HEALTH 

RAUL-ALLAN KIIVET Date of birth: November 30, 1960 in Tallinn, Estonia Gender:Male Citizenship:Estonian 

Address:Pohla 11-4, 50110 Tartu, ESTONIA Educational history:June 24, 1985 – 

graduated cum laude (MD) from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu Academic degrees (with 

year and university): June 16, 1999 – Doctor of Medical Sciences (PhD) by presenting academic 

dissertation in clinical pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden December 19, 1988 – 

Candidate of Medical Sciences (PhD) by presenting academic dissertation in pharmacology, 

University of Tartu, Estonia 8. Employment and professional experience: Since September 01, 

1996 – Professor of Health Care Management, Department of Public Health, University of Tartu September 

21, 1985 to August 31, 1996 – Assistant and Associate Professor in Clinical Pharmacology, 

Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu October 01, 1988 to May 31, 1995 – Physician (parttime) 

in Tartu Lung Clinic 9. Administrative experience: Since 1998 – Head, Department of Public 

Health, University of Tartu 10. Honours and awards: none 11. Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: NATIONAL APPOINTMENTS Since 1997 – Member, Estonian Medical Research 

Council Since 1997 – Member, Advisory Board on Health Care to the Minister of Social Affairs Since 

1998 – Board Member, Estonian National Programme Against Tuberculosis INTERNATIONAL 

MEMBERSHIPS Since 1992 – Member of the WHO Drug Utilization Research Group Since 1995 – 

Council Member of the European Association of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Since 1997 

– Member of the International Society for Quality in Health Care 12. Current EU research program and 

grants: EU Copernicus Joint Research Project ERB IC15-CT98-0340 “Evaluation of efficacy and costs 

of schizophrenia treatment in four European countries”; 01.01.2001 – 31.12.2004 - Needs assessment 

for health care services in Estonia 13. Supervision of dissertations: 3 Master thesis defended, currently 

supervising 5 14. Publications: 72 

SAAVA, ASTRID Date of birth: 25.02.1938 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Ravila 

30a-27 Educational history: University of Tartu 1962Medical doctor University of Tartu 

1967Candidate of Med. Sci (PhD) University of Tartu 1974Doctor of Med. Sci Academic degrees 

(with year and university) University of Tartu 1962Medical doctor University of Tartu 1967Candidate of 

Med. Sci (PhD) University of Tartu 1974Doctor of Med. Sci Employment and professional experience 

University of Tartu, professor of public health (PH)1998 - University of Tartu, prof.of public health, 

head of Depart.of PH 1992 – 1998 University of Tartu, prof., head of Depart.of Hygiene1990 – 1992 

University of Tartu, prof.of hygiene1987 – 1990 Estonian Institute of Development Management, 

prof.1979 – 1987 Institute of Applied Geophysics, Baltic Depart., sen. researcher1981 – 1985 Tallinn 

Technical University, head of department1974 – 1980 Tallinn Technical University, sen. 

researcher1970 – 1974 University of Tartu, lecturer at Depart.of Hygiene1962 - 1970 Administrative 

experience:Current job responsibilities Public health advisor at the Ministry of Social Affairs1995 - …. 

Advisory Group member of BRIMHEALTH1994 - President of the Tartu Association of Health 

Protection Specialists1988 - Member of Governmental Commission of Sustainable Development1996 

- 1999 Honour and awards: Membership in academic and scientific societis: Current research 

program and grants: Environmental health risks in Estonia Current grant funding Estonian Science 

Foundation project “Social-economic conditions, personal values and satisfaction with job and 

education of Estonian doctors” Estonian Public Health Foundation project “ Hazardous compounds in 

drinking water and their possible influence on health in Estonia” European Commission RP5 

LEONARDO da VINCI programme project “Pro Healthy Life – Interactive CD-ROM in Environmental 

Health for Professionals and Decision Makers” Supervision of dissertations: Main publications (total 

number about 250) 

HARRO, MAARIKE (until 1997 Sallo) 2. Date of birth: 22 December 1960 3. Gender:Female 4. 

Citizenship:Estonian 5. Address:Work: Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history Postgraduate 

student in the Dep. of Public Health Internship in pediatrics in Tartu Childrens’ Hospital Medical 

Doctor, Tartu University, cum laude. 7. Academic degrees Ph.D. (in medicine, Public Health), 

University of Tartu 8. Employment and professional experiences Docent of Health Promotion, Dep. of 

Public Health Senior lecturer, Dep. of Public Health Lecturer, Dep. of Public Health Fellowship in the 

School of Public Health, University of Albany and in the New York State Department of Health, Albany, 

New York, USA 1995, 1996, 1997, Fellowships (2 to 4 weeks) in the Department of Medical 

Pharmacology, 1998,1999, 2000 University of Uppsala, Sweden 9. Administrative experiences Head 

of the Division of Health Promotion in the Department of Public Health 10. Honours and awards Award 

for presentation at the Scientific Conference of the Medical faculty of the University of Tartu 11. 

Membership in academic and scientific societies Estonian Society of Physiologists Estonian Society of 

149


Nutritional Scientists 12. Current research program and grants: Grant from Estonian Science 

Foundation European Youth Heart Study in Estonia The prevalence of risk factors for CVD; the 

prevalence and interactions between the determinants of the risk factors for CVD; 1999-2001Grant 

from Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs Validation of questionnaires assessing socioeconomic status, 

health beliefs, health related behaviour and self-rated health status in children and adolescents; 1997- 

Relationship beteen socioeconomic status and health and health related behavior in schoolchildren; 

1999-Trends in nutritional status, physical activity and antropometrical measures of Estonian 

schoolchildren 1998- Personality traits and biological markers as possible predictors of risk-taking 

behavior in schoolchildren – longitudinal study. 13. Supervision of dissertations Liis MerenäkkII year 

masterstudent Krystiine LiivII year masterstudent Jaana AlepIV year doctoral student Inga VillaI year 

doctoral student 14. Publications Monographs - 1 Peer-reviewed papers –16 Conference abstracts – 

90 

PÄRNA, KERSTI Date of birth: 15.02.1960 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Salme 2a 

– 4, Tartu Educational history: 1996-1997 Master of Public Health student of University of Kuopio, 

Finland 1984-1985 Postgraduate student, Sports Medicine Centrum of Tartu 1978-1984 Department 

of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu 1967-1978 Võru 1. Secondary School 

Academic degrees (with year and university): MD (1984, University of Tartu) MPH (Master of Public 

Health, 1997, University of Kuopio, Finland) Employment and professional experience: 1998 - 

senior assistant, Department of Public Health, University of Tartu 1992 - 1998 assistant, Department 

of Public Health, University of Tartu 1984 - 1985 postgraudate student, University of Tartu 1984 - 1992 

sports physician of bascetball team of Estonia Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - 

Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Society of Health Promotion Current 

research program and grants: Suitsetamise levimus Eesti arstide seas Supervision of dissertations: 

2 Bachelor dissertations Publications: 39 

SOON, ARGO Date of birth:15.04.1965 Gender:Male Citizenship: Estonian Address:Aardla 124-28, 

50415 Tartu, Estonia Educational history: University of Tartu, Medical Faculty, GP, 1992 Master of 

Public Health, graduated at The Joseph H. And Belle R. Braun Hebrew University-Hadassah School 

Of Public Health And Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, 1996-97, in February 1997; Master 

Thesis: “The Sick Building Syndrome in Hadassah Hospital Office Workers” Academic degrees (with 

year and university):MD, University of Tartu, 1992 MPH, Hebrew University, 1997 Employment and 

professional experience: Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, lecturer 1992-1997, senior 

lecturer since 1997 Administrative experience: Honours and awards: 3 rd prize from Estonian Science 

Academy on contest of master-thesis 1997 Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

Estonian Society of Toxicology, Tartu Association of Health Protection Physicians, International Society 

of Indoor Air Quality Current research program and grants: Indoor air quality and it’s influence 

on health (environmental and occupational health aspects); grants: The Sick Building Syndrome in Office 

Workers in Estonia, Estonian Science Foundation grant nr. 3979, duration 1999-2001 Hygienic 

and Cultural Habits and Health of Residents of South-Estonia, National Program of Public Health, 

project nr. 99-54, duration 1999-2001 Supervision of dissertations: Publications: 14 

SEPP, ALAR Date of birth:July 18, 1963 in Tallinn Gender:male Citizenship:Estonian Address:Narva 

mnt. 108-1, Tartu 50303 Educational history: 1984-1992 – student in the Faculty of Medicine, 

University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 1981-1982 – student in the Medical School, Tallinn, Estonia – 

graduated from Tallinn Secondary No 22 Academic degrees (with year and university): Graduated 

from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu in 1992 Doctoral Student, Department of General 

Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland, since January 1998 Employment and professional 

experience: August 1992 – . . . Assistant, Department of Public Health of the University of Tartu Administrative 

experience: - Member of the editorial board of the Biographyical-Lexicon ofEstonian 

Scientist – Vice Chairman of the Estonian Society of Health Protectors – Shop stuard of the Trade 

Union, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu – Member of the Advisory Board at the History Museum 

of the University of Tartu – Member of the Amnesty International, Estonia 1992-1996 – Chairman of 

the Estonian Students´ Fraternity Corp! Sakala Honours and awards: 1986 – Award Winner of the 

Students´Research Contest of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences 1992 - Head of the Border 

Guard office of Tallinn Airport 1993 – The Eagle Cross of Eesti Kaitseliit (voluntary military 

organisation) – The Centre for International Mobility CIMO Scholarship Award – The Reserve Officer 

of Estonia Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Students´ Fraternity Corp! 

Sakala;Estonian Society of Health Protectors;Estonian Body of Reserve Officers Current research 

program and grants: Epidemiology and prevention on injuries, and safety promotion Estonian 

Science Foundation, grant ESF1053 1994-1996) “Job satisfaction, values and social-economical 

150

PUBLIC HEALTH 

condition of physicians” 145 000 EEK (USD 9 700). Estonian Science Foundation, grant ESF4430 

“Job satisfaction, values and social-economical condition of physicians” (2000-2002). Budget 2000: 

100 000 EEK (USD 6 667). Supervision of dissertations: - Publications:A – 1, B – 3, C – 10, D – 2, 

E – 22. 

PÕLLUSTE, KAJA Date of birth: February 5 th , 1967 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Kaunase 44-30, Tartu 50607 Educational history: 1997 – 2000The Nordic School of Public Health, 

Master student 1993 – 1996postgraduate training in public health in the Nordic School of Public 

Health, the Netherlands School of Public Health, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 

1984 – 1990University of Tartu, Faculty of medicine 1973 – 1984Räpina Secondary School Academic 

degrees (with year and university): Medical Doctor – University of Tartu, 1990 Master of Public 

Health – the Nordic School of Public Health, 2000 Employment and professional experience: – 

…… Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Tartu Administrative experience: 

Since 1999 – Estonian coordinator of the Baltic Rim Partnership for Public Health 

(BRIMHEALTH – a collaboration between the Baltic countries, the Nordic School of Public Health, and 

WHO Euro) Honours and awards: no Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian 

College of Health Care Executives – member of the board Current research program and grants: 

Quality of health care in Estonia from the patients’ perspective Supervision of dissertations: no 

Publications: No of publication 46 

KAARNA, MARINA Date of birth: 15.01.1963 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Turu 31- 

213, Tartu 50106 Educational history: 1993 University of Tartu, Medical faculty Tartu Secondary 

School Academic degrees (with year and university): Medical Doctor – University of Tartu, 1995 

Postgraduate training in public health in the Nordic School of Public Health and Netherlands School of 

Public Health, 1996 – Employment and professional experience: 1993 – 1995 Maarjamõisa Hospital, 

internship - ….. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Tartu Administrative 

experience: no Honours and awards: no Membership in academic and scientific societies: 

Committee of Bioethics of Estonian Medical Association – member Estonian College of Health Care 

Executives – member Current research program and grants: Quality of health care in Estonia from 

the patients` perspective Supervision of dissertations: no Publications: No publications 21 

LANG, KATRIN Date of birth: 04.05.63 Gender: female Citizenship: estonian Address: Ravila St 76- 

6, 50408 Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Doctoral (PhD) Programme in Epidemiology, University 

of London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England, started in 1999 Master’s Programme, 

University of Nottingham, England, 1995-1996 University of Tartu, Medical Faculty, 

Department of Pediatrics, diploma with distinction, Tartu, Estonia, 1987 Tartu Miina Härma Secondary 

School, special English language school, 1981 Academic degrees (with year and university): Master 

of Public Health, 1996, Univesrity of Nottingham, England Master of Philosophy, 2000, University of 

London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England Employment and professional 

experience: Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, senior teaching assistant, 1997 up to 

present Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, teaching assistant, 1992-1997 University of 

Tartu Children’s Hospital, physician, 1989-1991 Tallinn First Children’s Hospital, residency training, 

1988 Administrative experience: Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, acting head of the 

Chair of Epidemiology and biostatistics, 1997 up to present Honours and awards: none Membership 

in academic and scientific societies: none Current research program and grants: Main research 

topic: Doctoral thesis: Cancer registration in Estonia: Validity, Rates and Public Health Other projects: 

Children’s injuries in Estonia (in collaboration with WHO and European Centre on Health of Societies 

in Transition), study of deaths of men aged 20-49 years that have lead to forensic autopsies, and 

relation to alcohol (in collaboration with European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition and London 

School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) Supervision of dissertations: none Publications: 

one article in Estonian medical journal, one internet publication: a report (45 pages). 

MEIESAAR, KERSTI Date of birth: 25 th of April 1950 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

50104 Kalevi 113, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: econometrics and statistics, Faculty of Economics, 

University of Tartu, 1973 Academic degrees (with year and university): PhD 1980, Institute of 

Economics, Estonian Academy of Science, Tallinn Employment and professional experience: 1973 

– 1995 Faculty of Economics, University of Tartu, since 01.01.1996 – Associate Professor, Head of 

Chair of Health Economics, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu. Administrative 

experience: since 01.01.1996 – Head of Chair of Health Economics, Institute of Public 

Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu. Honours and awards: Order of Merit, Rector of University 

of Tartu, April 2000 Membership in academic and scientific societies: Founder-member of 

Estonian Society of Statisticians, Founder-member and Chairman of Estonian Society of Health 

151


Economists Current research program and grants: Scientific Grant “Evaluation of primary health care 

reform in Estonia” 1998 - 2002, Estonian Scientific Foundation. Supervision of dissertations: Supervisor 

of PhD students Agris Koppel and Katrin Sihver Publications: Total number of scientific publications - 73, 

and 22 manuscripts as a final reports of scientific projects. 

MERISALU, EDA Date of birth: 1955 January 6 th, Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Str. Uus 

3-6, Tartu Educational history: 1977 Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tartu 1985 Medical Faculty, 

University of Tartu Ülikool Academic degrees (with year and university): 1995 Kaunas Medical Academy, 

Doctor of Medical Sciences Employment and professional experience: 1985-1995 Institute of General 

and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu (laboratory assistant, researcher) 1995-2001 Department 

of Public Health, University of Tartu (assistant, associate professor) Administrative experience: Honours 

and awards: Two (3 rd prizes) awards in the Annual Student Scientific Conference of the Medical Faculty, 

University of Tartu; Pille Saar (1997), and Kristina Kohv (1998) – both in Nursing Sciences); One 3 rd prize of 

Estonian Republic for the scientific paper of Bachelor Degree, 1999; (Merle Varik – Nursing Sciences) Annual 

Prize for the Health Promotion Project “Work stress among teachers and its’ management in the Estonian 

comprehensive schools”, 2000 Membership in academic and scientific societies: Current research 

program and grants: Supervision of dissertations: Liivi Linnumets “Training problems and 

needs of nurses in Jõgeva district”, thesis of Bachelor Degree Merle Varik “Work stress and health among 

head nurses”, thesis of Bachelor Degree Kristi Toode “Work stress and health among nurses”, dissertation 

of Tartu Medical School Laima Balasova “Burnout syndrome among nurses of Neuro Intensive Care Unit”, 

dissertation of Tartu Medical School Pille Saar “Work stress and job satisfaction among nurses of 

Psychiatric Departments”, thesis of Bachelor Degree Irma Nool “Relationships between burnout indices, 

style of management, personality and health of head nurses”, thesis of Bachelor Degree Publications: 

1985-2000: Total number 56:. 

EENSOO, DIVA Date of birth: 14 of December 1963 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Pikk 

139-39, 50606 Tartu, ESTONIA Educational history: University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, pharmacy 

1982-1987 Master studies in biomedicine (Public Health) 1996-1998 Academic degrees (with year and 

university): Master of Science in Public Health, 2000, University of Tartu Employment and professional 

experience: 1987-2000 senior laboratory assistant in Department of Public Health, University of Tartu since 

2000 researcher in Department of Public Health, University of Tartu Administrative experience:- Honours 

and awards:- Membership in academic and scientific societies: Estonian Society of Biological 

Psychiatry, member Scientific Health Protection Society of Tartu, member Current research program and 

grants: Main topics are physical activity in assotiation with mental health and personality traits; biological 

indicators, their assotiation with mental health, personality traits and health-behaviour; family socioeconomic 

status and health-related behaviour in children; environmental risks and their influence on health. 

Supervision of dissertations:- Publications: Total: 57 publications 

LEOŠKO, TATJANA Date of birth: 17 July 1976 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Nooruse 7- 

720, Tartu 50411 Educational history: Since 09.98 - University of Tartu, Faculty of Economics and Business 

Administration, MA student Sept.1999 – Dec. 1999 University of Southern Denmark – Odense University, 

Denmark Diploma of European Studies; four months study of EU economics and politics. 1994 – 1998 

University of Tartu, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, BA in economics Specialisations: 

Finance and Investmentslver 

medal Academic degrees (with year and university): BA in economics, 1998, University of Tartu Employment 

and professional experience: Since Sept 1999 - Assistant Lecturer, Chair of Health Economics, 

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu. Responsibilities include: teaching 

courses in Health Economics, organising seminars and practical work, supervising students, scientific work. 

Summer 1999 - Teller, United Bank of Estonia, Narva. Responsibilities include: client service Administrative 

experience: Honours and awards: Awarded a University Scholarship (1995 - 1996) and The Scholarship 

of Ministries of Denmark (1999) Membership in academic and scientific societies: Current research 

program and grants: Supervision of dissertations: Publications: 1 

INDERMITTE, ENE Date of birth: 21.04.1967 Gender: Female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Turu 7-16 

Tartu 51004 Educational history:Dipl. Biology with specialisation to cytology, 1992, University of Tartu 

Academic degrees (with year and university): Master of Public Health, 1999, University of Kuopio, Finland 

Employment and professional experience: 2000 - Researcher, Department of Public Health, University 

of Tartu – 2000 Laboratory assistant, Department of Public Health, University of Tartu – 1998 Laboratory 

assistant, Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Tartu Administrative experience: - Honours 

and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: - Current research program and 

grants: Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 5 

152

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS 

Name of the Department: Department of General and Molecular Pathology 

Head of Department: Professor Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar 

Name of the Chair: Human Biology and Genetics 

Head of the Chair: Professor Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar 

Subject codes: ARMP.01.016; ARMP.01.014; ARMP.01.013; 

ARMP.01.025 


• The academic year at the University of Tartu is divided into two semesters - 

the fall semester and the spring semester. The fall semester starts on Monday 

closest to the 1st of September and lasts till the 2 nd week of February 

(18 weeks). Classes usually end before Christmas, and continue 2 weeks 

during January. The examination period lasts for 2 weeks (one week in the 

end of January and one week in February). After a week of vacation, the 

spring semester starts on the second week of February and lasts till the end 

of June. The auditorial work of the spring semester ends on the last week of 

May and so June is mainly for exams. 

• Our chair teaches 2 different subjects at the diploma level for students of 

Medical Faculty – “BIOLOGY” (6 CP) and “MEDICAL GENETICS” (2 CP) 

• At the doctoral level our chair teaches “HUMAN GENETICS” (1 CP). 

• Staff of the Chair of Human Biology and Genetics consists of 25 persons 

including, according to workload, 8 teaching (1.0 professors, 2.0 docents 

and 4.0 assistants), 6.0 research, 1 administrative, and 10 technical positions. 

• Distribution by gender: 13 male, 12 female persons. Distribution of academic 

staff by age: 1 between 20 – 30 years, 8 between 30 - 39 years, 7 

between 40 - 49 years, 6 between 50 - 59 years and 3 between 60 – 65 

years. 

• 1 persons have half-time occupation in teaching (assistant) and half-time in 

research, 2 person is employed as half-time researcher and 1 person as 

half-time assistant. All others have full-time positions. 

• 5 Doctoral Students and 3 Residents in Medical genetics have temporary 

assignments. 

• Teaching of these subjects at the Chair of Human Biology and Genetics is 

organized on two levels: the diploma level and the doctoral level. 

• The medicine diploma level programme (6 years) consists of 10 compulsory 

curricula during the 1st year of studies, 9 compulsory curricula during the 

2nd year, 12 compulsory curricula during the 3rd year, 16 compulsory curricula 

during the 4th year, 9 compulsory curricula during the 5th year and 7 

compulsory curricula during the 6 th year of studies. 

Our chair teaches following subjects: 

153


• Biology (6 CR) during the 1 st year; teaching staff: 4 persons (1 docent, 3 

assistants); 

• Medical genetics (2 CR) during the 3rd year; teaching staff: 4 persons (1 

professor, 1 docent, 2 assistants (both with 0,5 position). 

• The stomatology diploma level programme (5 years) consists also a number 

of compulsory curricula and our chair teaches following subjects: 

• Biology (6 CR) during the 1 st year; teaching staff: 4 persons (1 docent, 3 

assistants); 

• The nursery diploma level programme (4 years) consists a subject “Genetics” 

(1 CP), teaching staff: 1 person (1 professor). 



Biology 

Teaching of “Biology” takes place during the fall semester of the 1 

154 

st year. The 

amount of this subject is 72 hours of lectures, 90 hours of practicums and 78 

hours of independent study. This subject gives 6 credit poits (CP). “Biology” is 

tightly correlated with course of “General histology and embryology” (2 CP) in 

the frames of “Medical Biology I” (in all 8 CP). 

It means that the separate course of histology and embryology (lectures and 

practicums) as a part of “Medical biology I” takes place at the Chair of Histology 

and Embryology but general problems of development are the matter of 

subject “Biology”. 

Lectures. A lecture lasts for 2 academic hours (45+45) or 90 minutes, usually 

with a break between the academic hours. The structure of a lecture varies 

according to lecturers and courses, yet the prevailing model seems to be the 

presentation of material by the lecturer (4/5 of the lecture time), followed by 

discussion of the presented material and answering questions which have 

arisen during the lecture (1/5 of the lecture time) in the end. 

Using visual aids (data projectors for presentation of texts and illustrations, 

overheads, videos) during the lecture is widely practiced. 

Students have 4 hours of lectures in “Biology” every week during the fall semester. 

The course of lectures gives students an understanding, basic knowledge 

and skills in modern biology. The course of “Biology” is a basis for all other 

biological subjects (physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, pharmacology, 

medical genetics etc.) what students will run later. 

Lectures in “Biology” (72 hours) have following topics: 

• Introduction (2 h) 

• Modern cell and molecular biology (8 hours) 

• Biology of development (14 h) 

• Genetics (36 h)


• Theory of evolution (6 h) 

• Ecology (6 h) 

Lectures in “Biology” for medical students and for students of stomatology is 

tought by docent R.Masso, Ph.D. 

Practicums. Practicums have an important role in teaching biology and medical 

parasitology - it is where skills are acquired for work with microscopes, to 

conduct an experimental study and to understand morphology and life cycles 

of human parasites. A practical class lasts for 2 or 3 academic hours, usually 

without a break between the academic hours. Practicums are held in special 

study rooms, using the necessary equipment. 

Using visual aids (data projectors for presentation of texts and illustrations, 

overheads, videos) during the practicums is widely practiced. 

Students have 5 hours of practicums every week. 

The course of practicums are related to course of lectures and gives students 

the basic knowledge and skills in cell biology, genetics, biology of development 

and medical parasitology (as a part of human ecology). 

Topics of practicums in “Biology” are following: 

• Cell biology (15 h) 

• Biology of development (15 h) 

• Medical parasitology (31 h) 

• Genetics (20 h) 

• Comparative morphology (as a part of evolutionary biology, 9 h) 

To evaluate the knowledge acquired by the students during practicums, they 

take written tests after passing subsequent part (5 tests). Successful passing 

these tests deliver student from answer of these questions during oral examination 

later. 

Practicums for students of medicine and stomatology are supervisored by 

assistants A. Adojaan, MD, Ph.D., A. Saag, M.Sc., and M. Masso, M.Sc. 

Exams. To evaluate the knowledge acquired by the students, they take an 

oral examination. 

The examination in subject “Medical biology I” is realized by lectures of our 

chair. Final mark is formed as a sum of marks for theoretical part passed during 

lectures in “Biology”, results in practicums in “Biology” and results in subject 

“General histology and embryology”. 


Teaching of medical genetics took place during 1996-1998 years at the same 

time both for 3 rd and 6 th year students, and in the year 1998/1999 only for 3 rd 

year students. Since automn of 1999 up to the spring of 2001 there was no 

teaching of medical genetics due to general changes in medical curriculum, 

and it was decided to bring the teaching of medical genetics in to the 5 th year 

of studium (see part VI.p.11). 

155


156 

The teaching of 6 th year students took place in 2 weeks-cycle seminarpractical 

works form (6 hours per day). Practicums were hold in a special 

study room, using visual aids 

(overheads and diaprojectors for presentation of texts and illustrations and TV 

apparatus for videos). At beginning of the practicum there was a theoretical 

part introducing into the subject, which was followed by practical part including 

discussion about disease cases. The students obtained direct experience in 

karyotyping, syndrome diagnostics (using P.O.S.S.U.M), and solving of genetic 

tasks for consulting patients with genetic diseases. 

The teaching of 3 rd year students lasted from 1995 up to spring 1999. It 

took place in “classical” form with lectures and practical works. 

A lecture lasted for 2 academic hours (45+45) or 90 minutes, usually with a 

break between them . Using visual aids ( overheads, diaprojectors) during the 

lecture was widely practiced at that time. 

Students had 2 hours of lectures in “Medical Genetics” every week during the 

spring semester. The course of lectures gave students an understanding, basic 

knowledge and skills in modern medical genetics. 

Lectures in “Medical Genetics” (30 hours) had the following topics: 

• Introduction 

• Chromosome structure and abnormalities 

• Gene structure, function and mutations 

• Mendelian inheritance and diseases 

• Multifactorial inheritance and diseases 

• Mitochondrial inheritance and diseases 

• Cancer genetics 

• Genetic consultation and gene therapy 

• Ethical issues in medical genetics 

Lectures in “Medical Genetics” for medical students were thought by 

prof.Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar and docent Ruth Mikelsaar. 

Practicums. Practicums have an important role in teaching medical genetics. 

The students had 32 hours of practical works. 

Topics of practicums in “Medical Genetics” were the following ones: 

• Chromosome analysis methods 

• Karyotype analysis, identification of aberrant chromosomes 

• Computer-aided genetic syndrome analysis using P.O.S.S.U.M, and 

O.S.S.U.M. 

• DNA purification, electrophoresis 

• PCR and restriction (RFLP) analysis 

• DNA blotting and hybridization 

• DNA sequencing and cloning


• Molecular methods in laboratory medicine and identification of disease 

genes 

• Paternity and person identification using molecular genetic methods. 

To evaluate the knowledge acquired by the students during practicums, they 

passed written tests after the end of subsequent part . Successful passing of 

these tests set students free from answer of these questions during oral examination 

later. 

Practicums for students of medicine and stomatology are supervisored by 

docent Ruth Mikelsaar and assistants Gunnar Tasa and Mart Uusküla. 

Exams. To evaluate the knowledge acquired by the students they had an oral 

examination,and an additional written tests for those students who did not 

pass successfully all tests after practical works. 

Genetics 

The teaching of genetics for nursery students has been fully as a lecture 

course of medical genetics: 2 hours of lectures per week. 

The topics have been: 

• The molecular basis of human genetics 

• Human chromosomes 

• Chromosome aberrations 

• Formal genetics: mendelian diseases 

• Mitochondrial diseases 

• Multifactorial inheritance and disease 

• Cancer genetics 

• Pharmacogenetics 

• Genetic consultation 

• Gene therapy 

Lectures in “ Genetics” for nursery students were tought by prof.Aavo-Valdur 

Mikelsaar . 

Evaluation. To evaluate the knowledge acquired by the students they had a 

written test for 3 main topics of lectures. 



Biology 

1. From the academic year 1999/2000 the course of “Biology” is compressed 

to one semester (before it lasts two semesters) and the total amount of 

subject is decreased from 7 CP to 6 CP. 

157


158 

2. Compared with earlier curriculum, more emphasis is now paid to molecular 

biology and genetics. 

3. The traditional elementary course of tissue biology has been given up. All 

matter about this is now a part of course of “General histology and embryology”. 

4. The course is build up now on different manuals. The manuals for different 

parts of course are following: 

♦ For cell and molecular biology – B.Alberts et al.: “Molecular biology of 

the cell”, Garland Publishing Inc., N.Y., 3rd ed., 1994, 4 th ed. 1998. 

♦ J.Kimball:”Biology pages” 

(http://www.edc.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/W/Welcome.html); 

♦ For developmental biology – B.Alberts et al.: “Molecular biology of the 

cell”, Garland Publishing Inc., N.Y., 3rd ed., 1994, 4 th ed. 1998. 

♦ J.Kimball:”Biology pages” 

(http://www.edc.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/W/Welcome.html); 

♦ For genetics – different manuals made by our lecturers and available 

from the Internet – R.Masso: “Genetics” 

(http://biomedicum.ut.ee/~masso/2Geneetika.htm); 

♦ R.Teinberg: “Genetics of population” 

(http://biomedicum.ut.ee/~masso/Teinberg.htm ; 

http://biomedicum.ut.ee/~masso/Teinberg2.html ); 

♦ M.Viikmaa: “Glossary of classical genetics” 

(http://biomedicum.ut.ee/~martv/genolex.html); 

♦ M.Viikmaa: “History of genetics” 

(http://biomedicum.ut.ee/~martv/geneetika-ajalugu.htm); 

♦ For theory of evolution – H.Kallak “Biological evolution”, Valgus, Tallinn, 

1990. 

♦ For ecology – V.Masing: “Lexicon in ecology”, Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, 

Tallinn, 1992. 

♦ For practicums – manuals made by lecturers of our chair: 

♦ R.Masso et al.: “Practicums in biology I”, TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 1997, 2 nd 

ed. 1999, 83 pages. 

♦ R.Masso et al.: “Practicums in biology II”, TÜ Kirjastus, Tartu, 1998, 2 nd 

ed. 1999, 169 pages. 

♦ A.Heinaru, M.Viikmaa: “Tasks in genetics”, Tartu, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 

1991, 158 pages. 

5. We had changes in courses taught in other languages than Estonian. In 

general, lectures and practicums given by the teaching staff of the Chair of 

Human Biology and Genetics are in Estonian. From the academic year 

1999/2000 the course of “Biology” in Russian is cancelled. Before this we 

had a special groups of students who ran the curriculum in Russian. 

After changes in the programme of secondary school and with introducing 

an obligatory state examination in Estonian language for pupils of secondary 

schools with Russian language the necessity for teaching in Russian 

disappeared.


During the last 5 years we started to teach foreign students (mostly from 

Finland) in English. They study all subjects in English during first 2 years. 

6. From the academic year 1999/2000 we use for teaching rooms in the new 

building of Biomedicum with good equipment. The halls for lectures and 

rooms for practicums have all technical equipment for teaching (data projectors, 

PCs, overheads, videos). We have obtained a good set of needed 

preparations (microscope slides and macro-preparations) for teaching 

medical parasitology. 

7. We have started with utilisation of computer-aided learning and teaching 

methods. Students have possibilities to use computerised classrooms to 

study existing teaching materials in Estonian (produced by lecturers of our 

chair) and textbooks in English. 


1. As was already said above due to general changes in medical curriculum 

there was a 2- years break in teaching “Medical Genetics” to medical students. 

It was also decided to bring teaching of “Medical Genetics “ to the 

5 th year of studium. Quite recently the course was renamed as “ Human 

molecular and clinical genetics” and the teaching amount raised from 

2CP to 4 credit points. The studium will start in automn of 2001 with lecture 

course (42 hours), and with practical works in spring (54 hours). 

2. In spring 2001 we also start teaching (2 CP) of “Medical Genetics” to stomatology 

students as one part of “Children stomatology”. The course will 

consist of 16 hours of lectures, and 32 hours of practical works. 

3. From the academic year 2000/2001 we’ll use for teaching rooms in the 

new building of Biomedicum with good equipment. The halls for lectures 

have all technical equipment for teaching (data projectors, PCs, overheads, 

videos). For practical teaching we have already equipment for PCR, electrophoresis, 

gene analysis, etc. So the students can do individual work in 

human molecular genetics, as it was already introduced by us in 1999 in 

our old teaching rooms. Now, naturally, the students will work with better 

equipment in better rooms. 

4. In addition to above-mentioned literature sources there is available in 

Internet teaching aid in molecular genetics prepared by assistant Gunna 

Tasa: http://biomedicum.ut.ee/~gtasa/prax.html . 

5. A booklet for “ Chromosome aberrations” is in preparation by docent Ruth 

Mikelsaar. 


Strengths 

Biology 

1. As the strengths of the curriculum of “Biology”, the students considered its 

interesting and wide-ranging subjects, and that completing the curriculum 

provides a strong theoretical basis. 

159


160 

2. The scientific orientation of the curriculum and its correspondence to the 

curricula of leading universities of Scandinavia as well in the United States 

gives the students who have completed their studies on diploma level at 

the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu the chance to continue 

their studies elsewhere in the world. 

3. The teaching staff is well trained and motivated. They are ready to accept 

new technologies and respond to the feedback given by students. 

4. Use of new building of Biomedicum with good equipment makes possible 

to utilize computer-aided learning and teaching methods. 


1. As the most important strength of the curriculum of “ Medical Genetics” 

(now “ Human molecular and clinical genetics”) we think is the scientific 

orientation of teaching, and that the staff is well trained not only in theorethical 

medical genetics, but also has a long-time practical experience. 

Prof. Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar (over 30 years) and docent Ruth Mikelsaar 

(over 20 years) have real practice in medico-genetical consultation of patients; 

assistant Gunnar Tasa is already many years active in forensic molecular 

genetic paternity diagnostics and person identification. 

2. We think that our second strength is that we have succeeded sufficiently 

enlarge the possibilities for medical students to get practical experience in 

computer-aided genetic syndrome diagnostics, and in practical works in 

human molecular genetics: they have now possibilities to do many interesting 

works with their own hands. 

3. The third strength is also that every student has the possibility to at least 

see how does modern equipment for gene sequencing, protein analysis, 

etc., more active student can take part in scientific work. 

Weaknesses 

Biology: 

1. The stucture of the Biomedicum building makes impossible to provide class 

works with smaller groups. Rooms for practicums are planned for 24 student. 

Rooms are in use by different courses, not only by “Biology”. Rooms 

with equal equipment, needed for teaching of “Biology”, are absent. 

2. The teaching staff is too small for possible works with smaller groups. 


1. As for “Biology” the structure of the Biomedicum building makes impossible 

to provide class works with smaller groups. Rooms for practicums are 

planned for 24 student. Rooms are in use by different courses, not only by 

“Medical Genetics”.



Biology 

1. During last 2 years computer-aided teaching methods have been introduced 

as a complement to traditional teaching methods. 

2. Different textbooks (in Estonian) for parts of course “Biology” have been 

produced. Some of them are available for students through Internet. 

3. According our recommendation our libraries have obtained 20 copies of 

textbook of B.Alberts et al.:”Molecular biology of the cell” and some different 

textbooks in biology. 


1. During 1996-1999 computer-aided teaching methods had been introduced 

as a complement to traditional teaching methods. Now starting 2001 this 

experience will be enlarged. 

2. Some teaching materials from our staff are already available for students 

through Internet. 

5. Name the factors which most disturb teaching (exluding financial resources). 

Biology 

1. First-year students are not ready to work independently. 

2. Groups of practicums are too large (24 students) and one assistant (the 

head of the chair have found no possibilities to direct a person for technical 

help) is not able to work with students individually. 

3. First-year students are not ready to use English textbooks. 

4. A number of students from Russian secondary schools are not able to 

communicate in Estonian, although they had high marks in state examination 

in Estonian language. 

5. The system where lecturer have one teaching-free semester during election 

period for scientific or pedagogical work does not work. 


1. The most disturbing factor in the development of teaching in “Medical Genetics” 

has been frequent changes in general medical curriculum bringing 

teaching of this subject from 6 th year studium to the 3 rd year studium, and 

again to the 5 th year studium. Now the staff and the students do agree that 

this last change is possibly the best one. 

2. We think that the other concrete disturbing factors will be clear after starting 

again “Medical Genetics” for stomatology students this spring, and 

“Human molecular and clinical genetics” to medical students in fall of 2001. 

161




the content and the modes of the teaching changed on the basis of evaluation? 

Biology 

1. A systematic questionnaire-based student evaluation has been carried out 

at the end or after passing of the course. The form used is prepared by the 

Deans´ Office and includes questions of the quality of individual teachers, 

lecturers, practical classes, textbooks etc. Unfortunately, the response 

were not distributed to teaching staff during last years. 

2. Analogical questionnaire-based evaluation has been carried out by the 

Estonian Medical Students´ Assotiation. Results of these evaluations have 

been published in the students´ journal “Curare” 

(http://www.ut.ee/eays/ee.htm). 

162 

3. The teaching staff have periodically analysed current situation in teaching 

process. Result of these analysis was an introduction of computer-aided 

teaching methods and publishing of textbooks for practicums. 


A questionnaire-based evaluation has been carried with the aid of the 6 th and 

3 rd years students 4 years ago, and practically all of them wrote that the subject 

was very interesting and necessary for medical students, but the 6 th year 

is too late as the students are already finishing diploma studium, and the 3 rd 

year is too early as the students do not now many medical termins, and do not 

have knowledge in basic human diseases. So mainly on basis of these opinions 

it was proposed to bring the teaching of this subject to the 5 th year. 

Genetics 

No special evaluation has been done. 



Biology 

Two assistents from the teaching staff of “Biology” (4 persons) have passed a 

formal course of pedagogics during their studies in university and have graduated 

as teachers of biology and chemistry for high-class secondary school 

(senior high school or gymnasium). 

Other teachers are graduated Medical Faculty or teorethical branch (nonpedagogical) 

of Biological Faculty.


One assistant have passed 4 years ago a special course of distance education 

management (FEUCODE II, FEUTUTOR, University of Tartu and University of 

Helsinki).M 


All teachers are graduated from Medical Faculty, and have not passed any 

special pedagogic training. Nevertheless they have a long practical experience 

in this field (see p.3). 


Biology 

There are no formal courses for teachers and lecturers in pedagogics. The 

possible reason for this is the fact, that the Faculty of pedagogics in Tartu University 

is under formation just now. 

We believe that teaching skills of our staff are reasonably good. Additional 

pedagogical training is beneficial. 


We believe that teaching skills of our staff are reasonably good, but an additional 

pedagogical training is always beneficial. 




Biology 

2 persons for technical help during practicums are needed. 




Biology 

As it was described in previous parts subject “Biology” (6 CP) is tightly coordinated 

with subject “General histology and embryology” (2 CP) in the 

frames of “Medical biology I” (8 CP). 

163


164 

Subject “Biology” is a basement for most biological subjects passed by students 

later (Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Medical Genetics, 

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pharmacology, Public Health, Internal 

Medicine). 


The teaching of medical genetics is tightly co-ordinated with biology, histology 

and embryology, biochemistry, pathology, and with different clinical subjects. 



Biology 

1. Both the content and methods of teaching will develope continously. To 

consider particularities of our 1st year students the balance between the 

lectures and class works must be not changed. Computer-aided teaching 

will be developed and its usefulness carefully evaluated. 

2. There is a serious need to change the system of admission into Faculty 

pupils from Russian language secondary schools. It is up to the Faculty to 

organize a system for checking the knowledge of Estonian language and to 

guarantee, if it is necessary, their participation in Estonian language intensive 

course before the full time studies. 

3. The teaching staff of “Biology” is interested to get feedback from questionnaire-based 

student evaluations after passing of course. For this we plan to 

introduce an independent questionnaire. 

4. The technical base of teaching (preparations, videos, PCs, software) needs 

modernization. We also hope that the situation where 4 teachers must use 

3 working places and 2 PC will be changed. 


1. As was already said above it has been decided to bring teaching of 

“Medical Genetics “ to the 5 th year of studium. Quite recently it was also 

decided to rename the course as “Human molecular and clinical genetics” 

and raise the teaching amount from 2 CP to 4 credit points. The studium 

will start in automn of 2001 with lecture course (42 hours), and with 

practical works in spring (54 hours). In spring 2001 we also start teaching 

(2 CP) of “Medical Genetics” to stomatology students as one part of “Children 

stomatology”. The course will consist of 16 hours of lectures, and 32 

hours of practical works. 

2. Taking into consideration the changes in the amount of teaching for medical 

students, and a new course for stomatology students there is a great 

need in the better technical base of teaching (preparations, videos, PCs, 

software). We must pay more attention to the preparation of written aid 

materials for students.


Human Biology and Genetics: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://biomedicum.ut.ee 




- Rooms used by Your institution only: 18 rooms with area of 345,9 m 2 

- Rooms shared with another institution: 4 rooms with area of 67.6 m 2 












a) 2 (how many?) auditorium(s) for workshops/seminars with 70 and 170 places, equipped 

with 

Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 










165


APPENDIX I-I 

Visits of the Chair members to other institutions abroad during 1996-2000 


1981 Raivo Masso,docent University of Bratislava Slovakia Research 10 months 

1990 Aleksander Adojaan,assistant University of Kuopia Finland Research 2 weeks 

1995 Erkki Juronen University of Lund Sweden Training 1 week 

1995 Raivo Masso,docent University of Umea Sweden Reseach 3 weeks 

1996 Juronen Erkki,sen.researcher ESHG UK Conference 1 week 

1996 Mikelsaar, Aavo-Valdur,prof. ESHG London Conference 1 week 

1996 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent ESHG London Conference 1 week 


1996 Tasa Gunnar,assistant ESHG UK Conference 1 week 

1996 Valdmann Andres, researcher Norwegian School of Veterinary 

Sciences 

Norway Training 3 months 

1996 Valdmann Andres, researcher Australia congress 1 week 

1997 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent Austria Conference 1 week 

1997 Miklesaar, Ruth, docent ESHG Italy Conference 1 week 

1997 Miklesaar,Aavo-Valdur, prof. ESHG Italy Conference 1 week 

1997 Piirsoo Andres, Sr researcher University of Mainz Germany Training 6 weeks 


Sciences 


1998 Mikelsaar, Aavo-Valdur,prof. ESHG Portugal Conference 1 week 

1998 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent University of Dresden Germany Training 1 week 

1998 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent ESHG Portugal Conference 1 week 


1998 Tasa Gunnar,assistant Italy Conference 1 week 


Sciences 


1998 Valdmann Andres, researcher University of Veterinary Sciences 

Hungary Training 1 week 

1998 Valdmann Andres, researcher Finland congress 1 week 

1999 Mikelsaar, Aavo-Valdur,prof. ESHG Switzerland Conference 1 week 

1999 Mikelsaar, Aavo-Valdur,prof. VilniusUniversity Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1999 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent ESHG Switzerland Conference 1 week 

1999 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent Sweden Conference 1 week 

1999 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent Vilnius University Lithuania Conference 1 week 

1999 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent Poland Conference 1 week 


Sciences 

Norway Training 1 month 

1999 Valdmann Andres, researcher Kaunas Veterinary Academy Lithuania Lectures 1 week 

2000 Mikelsaar, Aavo-Valdur, prof. ESHG Holland Conference 1 week 

2000 Mikelsaar, Ruth, docent ESHG Holland Conference 1 week 

2000 Miklesaar, Ruth, docent Jointed Laboratory Finland Research 3 weeks 

2000 Raivo Masso,docent University of Umea Sweden Reseach 1 week 

2000 Valdmann Andres, researcher Norwegian Veterinary School Norway Training 1 month 

2000 Valdmann Andres, researcher Sweden Congress 1 week 

2000 Valdmann Andres, researcher Swedish University of Agricyltural 

Sciences 

166 

Sweden Training 1 week

APPENDIX I-II 




1998 Andress Valdmann Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Norway 3 months 

1998 Andress Valdmann University of Veterynary Science Hungary 1 week 

1999 Andress Valdmann Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Norway 1 month 





Raivo Masso, docent University of Umea Sweden Research 

Raivo Masso, docent University of Umea Sweden Research 

Andres Piirsoo,sen.researcher University of Mainz Germany Research 

Andres Valdmann, researcher Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Norway Research 

Ruth Mikelsaar,docent United Laboratories,Helsinki Finland Research 

Ruth Mikelsaar,docent University of Dresden,Technical Institute Germany Research 

Ruth Mikelsaar,docent University of Zürich Switzerland Research 

Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar University of Umea Sweden Research 

Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar Cedars Sinai Medical USA Research 

APPENDIX I-IV 



Gunnar Selstam,prof. University of Umea Sweden Research 

Prof. Lars-Eric Thornell University of Umea Sweden Research 

Pertti Aula University of Turku Finland Research 

Albert Schinzel University of Zürich Switzerland Research 

H.H.Goebel University of Mainz Germany Research & training 

APPENDIX I-V 

Scientific journals available at the Chair 


1. European Journal of Human Genetics paper 

167


APPENDIX I-V 


MONOGRAPHS 

1. Mikelsaar Ruth. Etiological Factors of Diseases in Genetically Consulted Children and Newborn 

Screening. Dissertation of Doctor of Medical Sciences. University of Tartu, 1993. 

2. M. Viikmaa. Eestlaste populatsioonigeneetiline uurimine geneetiliste distantside ja klasteranalüüsi 

abil. Magistritöö geneetikast, 18 lk + 2 artiklikoopiat. Tartu Ülikool 1998. 

3. Waldmann A. Studies on progesterone in bovine milk. Immunoanalysis, distribution in the mammary 

gland and influence at first insemination on fertility of dairy cows. Doctoral thesis. Estonian 

Agricultural University, Tartu 1999, 158 pp. 

4. Waldmann A. Piima progesteroonisisalduse määramismeetodite võrdlus ja kasutamine lehmade 

sigimisseisundi kindlakstegemiseks: Magistriväitekiri. - Tartu: Eesti Põllumajandusülikooli 

Loomaarstiteaduskond ja Tartu Ülikooli Üld- ja Molekulaarpatoloogia Instituut, 1997. - 67 lk. 


1. Juronen, E., Tasa, G., Uusküla, M., Pooga, M. and Mikelsaar, A.-V. (1996) Producing and characterization 

of monoclonal antibodies against class Theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1. Hybridoma 

15, 77-82. 

2. Juronen, E., Tasa, G., Uusküla, M., Pooga, M. and Mikelsaar, A.-V. (1996) Purification, characterization 

and tissue distribution of human class Theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1. Biochem. Mol. 

Biol. Int. 39 (1), 21-29. 

3. Tasa, G., Juronen, E., Viikmaa, M., Tiidla, A., Pärlist, P., Uusküla, M., Kalev, I. and Mikelsaar, A.-V. 

(1996) Distribution of glutathione S-transferase T1 phenotypes in the Estonian population. Gene 

Geography 10 (3), 181-189. 

4. Mikelsaar Ruth V.-A., Lurie J.W., Ilus T.E. Pure partial trisomy 4q25-qter owing to a de novo 4;22 

translocation. Journal of Medical Genetics, London 1996;33:344-345. 

5. Pähkla R., Masso R., Zilmer M., Rägo L., Airaksinen M.M.: Autoradiographic localization of ( 3 H)pinoline 

binding sites in mouse tissues. - Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 1996, vol. 18, 6, p. 359 

- 366. 

6. T.Remmel,A.Piirsoo,A.,A.Kõiveer,H.Remmel,R.Uibo,V.Salupere Clinical significance of different 

antinuclear antibodies patterns in the course of primary biliary cirrhosis.Hepato-Gastroenterology 

1996,43,1135-1140. 

7. Pähkla R., Masso R., Rägo L., Airaksinen M.M.: ( 3 H)-pinoline binding sites: autoradiographic visualization 

and characterization. - Acta Medica Baltica, 1996, vol.3, 3, p. 218 - 226. 

8. M.Maimets, A.Krüüner, A. Adojaan: Antibiotic resistance in clinical specimens from the Tartu Lung 

Clinic, 2nd Nordic-Baltic Congress on Infectious Diseases, Proceedings: “Prevention in Focus”, 

Riga, 02-03.05.1996, p. 33-34. 

9. A.Arend, R.Masso, M.Masso: Indomethacin and prostaglandin E1 administration suppress labelled 

amino-acid incorporation into cells from rat regenerating connective tissue: evidence of labelled 

amino-acid incorporation into lipid bodies in the cells from the wound area. - In: The 3rd Workshop 

of the Veterinary Medicine Anatomists of the Baltic and Nordic Countries (12,13 and 14 September), 

Proceedings, Tartu, Estonia, 1996, p.7 –13. 

10. Veromann S. Expression of an eye lens fiber membrane protein (MP26) in some non-lens tissues. 

The III Workshop of the Veterinary Medicine Anatomists of the Baltic and Nordic Countries, 12, 13 

and 14 September. Papers of the Conference. Tartu, 1996:85-87. 

11. Veitch, J.M., Murray, G.I., Juronen, E., Kilty, C.G., Doyle, S., Hawksworth, G.M. and Rodilla, V. 

(1997) Theta-class glutathione S-transferase in human kidney and renal tumors. Biochemical Society 

Transactions 25, 605. 

12. Vlachodimitropoulos, D., Norppa, H., Autio, K., Catalan, J., Hirvonen, H., Tasa, G., Uusküla, M., 

Demopoulos, N.A. and Sorsa, M.. (1997) GSTT1-dependent induction of centromere-negative and 

-positive micronuclei by 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane in cultured human lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 12 

(5), 397-403. 

13. Konovalova G., Masso R., Ööpik V., Viru A.: Significance of thyroid hormones in postexercise incorporation 

of amino acids into muscle fibers in rats: an autoradiographic study. - Endocrinology 

and Metabolism, 1997, vol. 4, 1, p. 25 – 31. 

14. H.H. Goebel , A.Piirsoo, I. Warlo, O.Schoffer Infantile intranuclear rod myopathy.J.of Child Neurology 

1997,12, 1,22-30. 

168


15. S.Ingerpuu, A.Piirsoo, A.Sünter, A.Pihlak MC29.1 Myeloid antigens functional studies: carbohydrate- 

specific monoclonal antibody M19 (IGR-2 1A6) initiates myeloid cell homotyping aggregation. 

In Leucocyte Typing VI, Ed.by Kishimoto T et al. , N-Y,1997, 1092-1094. 

16. Mikelsaar Ruth V., Zordania R., Viikmaa M., Kudrjavtseva G. Neonatal screening for congenital 

hypothyroidism in Estonia. Journal of Medical Screening, London 1998;5(1):20-21. 

17. T.Klaassen, M.Teder, M.Viikmaa, A. Metspalu. Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis main mutation 

)F508 in Estonia. – J. Medical Screening, 1998, 5: 16-19. 

18. Beckman L., Sikstrom C., Mikelsaar A.-V., Krumina A., Ambrasiene D., Kucinskas V., Beckman G. 

Transferrin variants as markers of migration and admixture between populations in the Baltic Sea 

region. Human Heredity 1998, 48(4): 185-191. 

19. Kurg, R., Parik, J., Juronen, E., Sedman, T., Abroi, A., Liiv, I., Langel, Ü. and Ustav, M. (1999) Effect 

of bovine papillomavirus E2 protein-specific monoclonal antibodies on papillomavirus DNA 

replication. J. Virol. 73 (6), 4670-4677. 

20. Beckman L., Sikstrom C., Mikelsaar A., Krumina A., Kucinskas V., Beckman G. Alpha 1-antitrypsin 

(PI) alleles as markers of Westeuropean influence in the Baltic Sea region. Human Heredity 1999, 

49(1): 52- 55. 

21. Ü.A. Talkop, T. Klaassen, A. Piirsoo, V.Sander, A. Napa, E.Essenson, J.Tammur, T.Talvik Duchenne 

and Becker muscular dystrophies: an Estonian experience.Brain & Development 21,244- 

247,1999. 

22. Waldmann A. 1999. Monoclonal antibodies to progesterone: production and selection for enzyme 

immunoassay (EIA) in bovine milk. Hybridoma 18, 289-296. 

22. Waldmann A., Ropstad E., Landsverk K., Sørensen K., Sølverød L., Dahl E.1999. Level and distribution 

of progesterone in bovine milk in relation to the storage in the mammary gland. Animal Reproduction 

Science 56, 79-91. 

23. G.Selstam, R.Masso, A.Arend, M.Masso, M.Aunapuu: Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical 

localization of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in corpus luteum of pregnant and pseudopregnant 

rat. In: 4th Baltic- Nordic Workshop in Veterinary Anatomy, Proceedings, Oslo, June 4-6, 1999, 

p. 57-62. 

24. A.Arend, R.Masso, M.Masso, M.Aunapuu, H.Tomusk: Lipid bodies as intracellular sites of prostaglandin 

formation in the cells of rat liver wound. In: 4th Baltic- Nordic Workshop in Veterinary Anatomy, 

Proceedings, Oslo, June 4-6, 1999, p. 11-13. 

25. Juronen, E., Tasa G., Veromann, S., Parts, L., Tiidla, A., Pulges, R., Panov, A., Soovere, L., Koka, 

K. and Mikelsaar, A.-V. (2000) Polymorphic glutathione S-transferases as genetic risk factors for 

senile cortical cataract in Estonians. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41, 2262_2267. 

26. Juronen, E., Tasa G., Veromann, S., Parts, L., Tiidla, A., Pulges, R., Panov, A., Soovere, L., Koka, 

K. and Mikelsaar, A.-V. (2000) Polymorphic glutathione S-transferase M1 is a risk factor of primary 

open-angle glaucoma among Estonians. Exp. Eye Res. 71 (5), 447-452. 

27. Zoë H. Rosser, Tatiana Zerjal, Matthew E. Hurles, Maarja Adojaan, Dragan Alavantic, António 

Amorim, William Amos, Manuel Armenteros, Eduardo Arroyo, Guido Barbujani, Gunhild 

Beckman, Lars Beckman, Jaume Bertranpetit, Elena Bosch, Daniel G. Bradley, Gaute Brede, 

Gillian Cooper, Helena B. S. M. Côrte-Real, Peter de Knijff, Ronny Decorte, Yuri E. Dubrova, 

Oleg Evgrafov, Anja Gilissen, Sanja Glisic, Mukaddes Gölge, Emmeline W. Hill, Anna Jeziorowska, 

Luba Kalaydjieva, Manfred Kayser, Toomas Kivisild, Sergey A. Kravchenko, Astrida Krumina, 

Vaidutis Kuinskas, João Lavinha, Ludmila A. Livshits, Patrizia Malaspina, Syrrou Maria, Ken 

McElreavey, Thomas A. Meitinger, Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar, R. John Mitchell, Khedoudja Nafa, 

Jayne Nicholson, Søren Nørby, Arpita Pandya, Jüri Parik, Philippos C. Patsalis, Luísa Pereira, 

Borut Peterlin, Gerli Pielberg, Maria João Prata, Carlo Previderé, Lutz Roewer, Siiri Rootsi, 

D. C. Rubinsztein, Juliette Saillard, Fabrício R. Santos, Gheorghe Stefanescu, Bryan C. Sykes, Aslihan 

Tolun, Richard Villems, Chris Tyler-Smith, and Mark A. Jobling: Y-Chromosomal Diversity in 

Europe Is Clinal and Influenced Primarily by Geography, Rather than by Language . Amer.J.Human Genetics, 

67:1526-1543, 2000. 

28. Mikelsaar Ruth V., Viikmaa M.. Neonatal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Screening as an Indirect 

Method for the Assessment of Iodine Deficiency in Estonia. Hormone Research 1999;52:284-286 

(Released July 2000). 

29. Kulla A., Liigant A.,Piirsoo A.,Rippin G., Asser T. Tenascin expression patterns and cells of monocyte 

lineage: relationship in human gliomas.Modern Pathology 2000,13,1,56-67. 

30. Waldmann A. Studies on progesterone in bovine milk. An overview. Feeding, metabolism and infections 

in farm animals with special reference to reproduction. Proceedings from symposium at 

Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu, February 24-25, 2000. B. Aasmäe, T. Tiirats and U. Magnusson 

(editors), Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala Report 11, Uppsala 2000, pp. 52-59. 

169


31. Waldmann A., A. Kureoja, T. Kaart, A. Tiidla, O. Saveli. On the factors affecting commencement of 

postpartum luteal activity in Estonian dairy cows. Proceedings of the 6th Baltic Animal Breeding 

Conference. Jelgava 27-28 April 2000, pp 23-27. 

32. Mikelsaar Ruth V., Varb K., Süvari A., Schinzel A. Mosaic terminal del(19)(q13.33:) in a girl with 

seizures and mental retradation. Letter to the Editor. Journal of Medical Genetics (London) 

2001;37:E2. 

33. Waldmann A., Reksen, O., Landsverk K., Kommisrud, E., Dahl E., Refsdal, A.O., Ropstad E. 2001. 

Progesterone concentrations in milk fat at first insemination-effects on non-return and repeatbreeding. 

Animal Reproduction Science 65, 33-41. 

PAPERS IN ESTONIAN JOURNALS. 

1. Mikelsaar Ruth, Kudrjavtseva G., Viikmaa M. Kaasasündinud hüpotüreoosi sõeluuring Eestis. 

Eesti Arst 1998;3:195-198. 

2. A.Adojaan, M.Masso: Toksokariasis (review article, in Estonian.) Eesti Arst, 2000, 4: 216 - 221. 

3. Sünter, A. Piirsoo Põletikuvalkude kompleks, MRP8/MRP14 võimaliku kliinilise markerina. Eesti 

Rohuteadlane 1997, 68-69. 

4. Ö. Sünter, J. Parik, Ü. Ani, A. Piirsoo.igetel.Eesti 

Rohuteadlane 1997, 69. A. Piirsoo, H. Leesik, A. Kõiveer. Morfoloogilised muutused 

astmahaigete bronhikoes Eesti rohuteadlane 1997, 43-44. 

5. Ü.A.Talkop,A.Napa,H. Sibul, A.Piirsoo, V.Sander , M.Salk, I.Talvik,M.Hämarik,A.Sööt, 

A.Metspalu,T.Talvik Edusammud Duchenne’I ja Beckeri tüüpi lihasdüstroofia diagnoosimisel Eestis. 

Eesti Arst 1999,3,201-208. 

6. A.Talkop,M.Sõnajalg,A.Paves,H.Sibul,A.Piirsoo,T.Talvik.Kardiomüopaatia Duchenne’I ja Beckeri 

tüüpi lihasdüstroofiaga lastel .Eesti Arst 1999,2,107-110. 

7. M. Viikmaa. Kui palju keelt on geneetilises keeles? – Schola biotheoretica XXII, Elu keeled. Eesti 

Teaduste Akadeemia kirjastus, Tartu-Tallinn, 1996, lk. 58-62. 

8. M. Viikmaa, L. Heapost. Genetic differentiation of Estonians. – Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol. 45, 

¾, 1996, lk.128-136. 

9. M. Viikmaa. Evolutsioonilised perspektiivid sõltuvalt populatsioonide suurusest ja liigendatusest. – 

Schola biotheoretica XXIII, Metapopulatsioonide teooria. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia kirjastus, 

Tartu, 1997, lk. 46-47. 

10. M. Viikmaa. Mendel 175: hernehübriididest transgeenideni. – XX Eesti looduseuurijate päev. Eesti 

looduseuurimine uue sajandi vahetusel. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia kirjastus, Tartu, 1997, lk. 55- 

60. 

11. M. Viikmaa. Prioonid – iseäralikud haigusetekitajad. – Eesti Loomaarstlik Ringvaade, 23, 4, 1997, 

lk. 163-173. 

12. M. Viikmaa. Prioon ei ole enam mõistatus. – Eesti Loomaarstlik Ringvaade, 23, 4, 1997, lk. 162- 

163. 

13. M. Viikmaa. Neoteenia: hominisatsiooni paradoksi lahendus? – Schola biotheoretica XXIV, Ontogenees 

ja fülogenees. OÜ Sulemees, Tartu, 1998, lk. 109-117. 

14. Ruth Mikelsaar, G.Kudrjavtseva, M.Viikmaa. Kaasasündinud hüpotüreoosi sõeluuring Eestis. – 

Eesti Arst, 3, 1998, lk. 195-198. 

15. L.Heapost, M.Viikmaa. Anthropological and population genetic characterisation of the Estonians. – 

Folia Baeriana VII. Tartu, 1999, lk. 98-115. 

16. M. Viikmaa. Geneetiline mälu. – Schola biotheoretica XXV, Biosüsteemide mälu teooria. OÜ Sulemees, 

Tartu, 1999, lk. 27-32. 

17. M. Viikmaa. Kohasus ehk genotüübi adaptiivväärtus. – Schola biotheoretica XXVI, Adaptatsiooni 

teooria. OÜ Sulemees, Tartu, 2000, lk. 22-29. 

18. Veromann S, TasaG, Viikmaa M, Jüri P, Pulges R, Panov A, Koka K, Soovere L, Juronen E, Tiidla 

A, Paju K: Vanaduskatarakti riskifaktorid. Ülevaade; Eesti Arst, Nr. 5, :272-279; 2000. 

19. Veromann S. Miks silmalääts on valgurikkaim kude organismis? Schola Biotheoretica XXVl, Tartu, 

lk. 53-56;2000. 

20. Waldmann A., A. Kureoja, T. Kaart, A. Tiidla, O. Saveli. Luteaalse aktiivsuse taastumisest Eesti 

piimalehmadel. EAPS Toimetised 12, lk 105-108, Tartu 2000. 

21. Aluvee A., Kolk A., Ploom L., Püssa T., Waldmann A. Saasteainete jääkainete seire loomsetes 

toiduainetes. - Akadeemilise Põllumajanduse Seltsi toimetised 7, Tartu 1998, 5-8. 

22. Waldmann A. Progesteroonisisaldus täispiimas ja lõssis sõltuvalt piima päritolust piimanäärmes. 

Veterinaarmeditsiin ’98, 17.-19. September, Tartu 1998, lk 61-70. 

23. Waldmann A. Piima progesteroonisisalduse määramine. Ülevaade. - Eesti Loomaarstlik 

Ringvaade, 1996, 3, 99-115. 

170



1. Reksen O., Gröhn Y.T., Havrevoll, Ø., Bolstad T., Waldmann, A., Ropstad E. Influence of energy 

balance and concentrate allocation on post partum ovarian activity in moderate yielding, dual 

purpose cows. Journal of Dairy Science (in press). 

2. Mikelsaar Ruth V., Muru K., Varb K., Süvari A., Kulla A. Psoriasis vulgaris in a Male With Partial 

Deletion 18p. 

3. Arend, G. Selstam, M. Soom, I. Kolts, R. Masso, Ü. Arend: Prostaglandins of the E-series inhibit 

connective tissue proliferation in the liver wound of the rat, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological 

Methods. 

4. Veromann S., Juronen E., Tasa G.: A simple, rapid and useful Coomassie blue staining of histological 

sections. J. Histochem.; 

5. Reksen O., Gröhn Y.T., Havrevoll, Ø., Bolstad T., Waldmann, A., Ropstad E. Relations between 

milk constituents and post partum ovarian activity in moderate yielding, dual purpose cows. 

(submitted). 

6. Reksen O., Gröhn Y.T., Havrevoll, Ø., Bolstad T., Waldmann, A., Ropstad E. Relationships among 

milk progesterone, concentrate allocation, energy balance, milk yield and conception rate in 

moderate yielding cows. (submitted). 


1. R. Masso, A. Saag, M. Masso, U. Kokassaar: “Bioloogia praktikum I” (“Practicums in biology I”, in 

Estonian), õppevahend arstiteaduskonna üliõpilastele, Tartu Ülikool, Üld- ja molekulaarpatoloogia 

instituut, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda, 1997, 83 lk. 

2. R. Masso, A. Saag, M. Masso, U. Kokassaar, I. Kalev: “Bioloogia praktikum II” (“Practicums in biology 

II”, in Estonian), õppevahend arstiteaduskonna üliõpilastele, Tartu Ülikool, Üld- ja molekulaarpatoloogia 

instituut, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda, 1998, 169 lk. 

3. R. Masso, A. Saag, M. Masso, U. Kokassaar: “Bioloogia praktikum I” (“Practicums in biology I”, in 

Estonian),, õppevahend arstiteaduskonna üliõpilastele, Tartu Ülikool, Üld- ja molekulaarpatoloogia 

instituut, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda, 1999, teine parandatud trükk, 83 lk. 

4. R. Masso, A. Saag, M. Masso, U. Kokassaar, I. Kalev: “Bioloogia praktikum II” (“Practicums in biology 

II”, in Estonian),, õppevahend arstiteaduskonna üliõpilastele, Tartu Ülikool, Üld- ja molekulaarpatoloogia 

instituut, Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda, 1999, teine parandatud trükk, 169 lk. 

5. T.Alamäe, K.Kull, U.Kõljalg, R.Masso, M.Ustav: “Bioloogia gümnaasiumidele” (“Biology for gymnasium” 

in Estonian), II osa, Eesti Loodusfoto, Tartu, 2000, 95 lk. 

6. T.Alamäe, K.Kull, U.Kõljalg, R.Masso, M.Ustav: “Biologija dlja gimnazii” (“Biology for gymnasium” 

in Russian), II tšast, Eesti Loodusfoto, Tartu, 2000, 96 lk. 

171


Academic and administrative personnel: Chair of Human Biology and Genetics 



1. Mikelsaar Aavo-Valdur Professor 1,00 Human biology and genetics Male 1941 Cand.Sci & Dr.sci 1970 & 1980 35 

2. Masso Raivo Docent 1,00 Cell biology Male 1948 Cand.Sci 1980 28 

3. Mikelsaar Ruth Docent 1,00 Medical genetics Female 1941 Cand.Sci & Dr.med 1980 & 1993 20 

4. Tasa Gunnar Assistant 0,50 Medical genetics Male 1965 9 

5. Uusküla Mart Assistant 0,50 Medical genetics Male 1965 9 

6. Masso Marika Assistant 1,00 Cell biology Female 1962 15 

7. Adojaan Aleksander Assistant 1,00 Experimental medicine Male 1954 Cand.Sci 1991 20 

8. Saag Anu Assistant 1,00 Cell biology Female 1956 21 

9. Piirsoo Andres Sr. researcher 1,00 Cell biology Male 1948 Cand.Sci 1981 28 

10. Veroman Siiri Sr. researcher 1,00 Cell biology Female 1938 Cand.Sci 1971 38 

11. Juronen Erkki Sr. researcher 1,00 Immunogenetics and -chemistry Male 1959 Cand.Sci 1988 18 

12. Valdmann Andres Researcher 0,50 Immunogenetics and -chemistry Male 1961 Dr.Sci 1997 & 1999 9 

13. Viikmaa Mart Researcher 0,50 Human biology and genetics Male 1938 M.Sci 1998 38 

14. Sünter Alar Researcher 1,00 Cell biology Male 1962 M.Sc 1998 11 

15. Laiverik Rei Engineer 1,00 Male 1948 18 

16. Laisk Tiiu Secretary 1,00 Female 1937 38 

17. Pärlist Pire Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1959 

18. Kõiveer Anu Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1957 11 

19. Remmelkoor Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1965 

20. Sünter Ööle Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1964 

21. Tiidla Anne Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1958 

22. Sinijärv Urmas Technical staff 0,50 Male 

23. Varb Kadi Technical staff 1,00 Female 1976 3 

24. Mikelsaar Technical staff 1,00 Male 1968 5 

25. Mikelsaar Technical staff 1,00 Male 1943 18 


173




MIKELSAAR, AAVO-VALDUR Date of birth: 26 th of July 1941 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Anne str. 51-34 , Tartu 50703, ESTONIA Educational history: graduated from the Medical 

Faculty of Tartu University, 1965, physician postgraduate studium in the Institute of Molecular Biology, 

U.S.S.R., Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1967-1970 studium in Austria, University of Vienna, 1976- 

1977 1-month studium in Tampere University, 1988 3-months studium in Medical University of Luebeck, 

1993 Academic degrees (with year and university): candidate of medical sciences; Academy of 

Medical Science, U.S.S.R., 1970 doctor of biology; Academy of Medical Sciences, U.S.S.R., 1980 

Employment and professional experience: University of Tartu, jun. researcher, 1965- 1967 Postgraduate 

student, Moscow, 1967-1970 Researcher, head of laboratory, Tartu University, 1970-1987 

Professor of human biology and genetics, since 1993 Administrative experience: director of the Institute 

of General and Molecular Pathology, Tartu University, since 1987 Honours and awards: - 

Membership in academic and scientific societies: European Society of Human Genetics; Estonian 

Society of Human Genetics; New York Academy of Sciences Current research program and grants: 

Generation of monoclonal antibodies against fibronectin isoforms and development of diagnostic kits. 

Grant of ESF, no.3249 The study of multifactorial diseases using genetic, cytological and molecular 

markers. Supervision of dissertations: successfully defended 6 dissertations ( 4 cand.of sciences, 1 

magister, 1 doctor of sciences). At moment under supervision 4 doctorands. Publications: 140 

MASSO, RAIVO Date of birth: 05.12.1948 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Mõisavahe 

39-60, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Faculty of Biology of Tartu University as geneticist (1972) 

Academic degrees (with year and university): Cand. Sc. in physiology, Tartu University, 1980 Employment 

and professional experience: 1972 – 1981 reseacher and senior reseacher in Laboratory 

for Researches of Hormonal Bases of Muscular Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Tartu University; 

1981 – 1982 senior reseacher in Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, Tartu University; 

1982 – 1991 senior lecturer and docent in Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology 

and Geography, Tartu Unuversity; 1991 – 2001 docent in Department of General and Molecular Pathology, 

Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University. Administrative experience: - no Honours and awards 

- no Membership in academic and scientific societies: member of the Morphological Society of 

Estonia Current research program and grants: grant no. 1406 from Estonian Science Foundation 

(1995 – 1996); Supervision of dissertations: 2 Publications: 72, at Medline level – 10. 

MIKELSAAR, RUTH Date of birth: 11 th of April 1941 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Anne str. 51-34 , Tartu 50703, ESTONIA Educational history: graduated from the Medical Faculty of 

Tartu University, 1966, physician 2-months studium in Moscow University, in medical genetics, 1974 

2-months studium in Moscow University, in medical genetics, 1977 2-weeks (1984) and 2-weeks 

(1989) studiums in Summer Schools in Lithuania, in genetics 3-months studium in Medical University 

of Luebeck, in genetics, 1993 1.5-weeks studium in Technical University of Dresden, in genetics, 1998 

3-weeks research in Jointed Laboratory in Helsinki, 2000 Academic degrees (with year and university): 

candidate of medical sciences, in genetics, Academy of Medical Science, U.S.S.R., 1980 doctor 

of medical sciences, University of Tartu, 1993 Employment and professional experience: Tartu Republic 

Psychoneurological Hospital, head of laboratory, 1966-1981 University of Tartu, jun. researcher, 

1981- 1987 University of Tartu, reseacher 1987-1993 University of Tartu sen. researcher, head of 

Human Genetics Laboratory, 1993-1998 University of Tartu, dozent of human biology and genetics, 

head of Human Genetics Laboratory, since 1998 Administrative experience: head of Human Genetics 

Laboratory of the Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, Tartu University, since 1993 

Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: European Society of 

Human Genetics European Cytogenetic Association International Society of Neonatal Screening Estonian 

Society of Human Genetics Current research program and grants: Genetic, epidemiologic and 

preventive study in mental retardation. Grant of ESF, no.3025, The study of multifactorial diseases 

using genetic, cytological and molecular markers. Supervision of dissertations: At moment under 

supervision 1 doctorand, 4 residents and 1 student. Publications: 80 

MASSO, MARIKA Date of birth: 14.05.1962 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Mõisavahe 

39-60, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Faculty of Biology of Tartu University as biologist 

(cytologist) (1985) Academic degrees (with year and university): M.Sc. Tartu University, 1985 Employment 

and professional experience: 1985 – 1991 laboratory assistant, Department of Genetics 

and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Tartu University; 1991 – 1992 laboratory assistant, Department of 

General and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University; 1992 – 2001 assistant in De- 

175


partment of General and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University. Administrative 

experience: - no Honours and awards - no Membership in academic and scientific societies: no 

Current research program and grants: no Supervision of dissertations: no Publications: 14 

ALEKSANDER ADOJAAN Date of birth: 06.12.1954 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Välja 

4-48, Tallinn, Estonia Educational history: Faculty of Medicine of Tartu University as physician 

(1979) Academic degrees (with year and university): Cand. Sc. in medicine, Tartu University, 1991 

Employment and professional experience: 1980 – 1991 reseacher in Institute of General and Molecular 

Pathology, University of Tartu; 1991 – 2001 assistant in Department of General and Molecular 

Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University. Administrative experience: - no Honours and 

awards - no Membership in academic and scientific societies: no Current research program and 

grants: no Supervision of dissertations: no Publications: 20, at Medline level – 5. 

SAAG, ANU Date of birth: 14.09.1956 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: Kungla 46, 

Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Faculty of Biology of Tartu University as geneticist (1979) Academic 

degrees (with year and university): M.Sc., Tartu University 1979 Employment and professional 

experience: 1979 – 1991 assistant in Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, 

Tartu University; 1991 –2001 assistant inf Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Faculty 

of Medicine, Tartu University. Administrative experience: - no Honours and awards - no Membership 

in academic and scientific societies: member of the Society of Estonian Genetics Current 

research program and grants: no Supervision of dissertations: no Publications: 1 

TASA, GUNNAR Date of birth: 10th of February 1965 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian citizen Address: 

Ravila 19, Tartu 51014, Estonia Educational history: graduated from Medical Faculty of Tartu 

University at 1991. Academic degrees: - Employment and professional experience: 1991-… researcher 

and assistant at the Department of Human Biology and Genetics 2000-... Expert of molecular 

genetics at Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine Administrative experience: - Honours and 

awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: - Current research program and 

grants: Polymorphic glutathione S-transferases GSTM3, GSTP1 and GSTZ1 in Estonians and possible 

connections with susceptibility to diseases Molecular mechanisms of the gelatinous drop-like corneal 

dystrophy Relation of depression and suicide to serotonin transporter gene polymorphism Association 

of intelligence and personality traits with genetic markers Supervision of dissertations: - 

Publications: 12. 

UUSKÜLA, MART 2. Date of birth: 27.05.1965 3. Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Riia 7- 

3 51010 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: Tartu 2 secondary school 1982, University of Tartu, 

medical faculty 1991 7. Academic degrees: - 8. Employment and professional experience: 1991- 

1995 postgraduate student and researcher, Institiute of General and Molecular Pathology (IGMP), 

1996- 0.5 assistant , IGMP 9. Administrative experience: - 10. Honours and awards: - 11. Membership 

in academic and scientific societies: - 12. Current research program and grants: - 13. Supervision 

of dissertations: - ‘ 

PIIRSOO, ANDRES Date of birth: September, 24, 1948 Gender: man Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Hermanni11-1, Tartu, 51005,Estonian Republic Educational history: University of Tartu, 1967-1972( 

Biology) Institute of Developmental Biology , Academy of Science of Soviet Union, Moscow 3months 

in 1972 Center of Cardiology,Academy of Medical Science of Soviet Union, Moscow, 3months in 1982 

NIH, Baltimore,USA 10 months in 1986/87 7. Academic degrees : diploma of biologist ( correspond to 

Master of Science), University of Tartu candidate of science ( histology-embryology)( correspond to 

PhD.) Institute of Developmental Biology Academy of Science of Sovit Union, Moscow Certificate of 

Associate Professor gave by Higher Certification Comission, Moscow 8. Employment and professional 

experience: till now assistant, senior lecturer, associate professor,head of the laboratory, senior 

scientist, University of Tartu I have professional experience in the following fields of biology and 

biomedicine: cell differentiation, monoclonal antibodies research, immuno- and electron microscopy 

diagnostics ( especially human muscle diseases). 9. Administrative experience: no 10.Honours and 

awards: no 11.Membership in academic and scientific societies: member of the Estonian Society 

of Morfology and Estonian Society of Human Genetics 12.Current research programm and grants: 

Monoclonal antibodies to human inflammatory cell proteins Electron microscopic diagnostics of human 

muscle disease and human metabolic storage disease. The value of diagnostic electronmicroscopic 

ultrastructural markers evaluation in different tissue and cell pathological cases – grant application for 

2001-3003 13. Supervisor of dissertation: 3 PhD dissertation, 1 Master of Science dissertation 14. 

Publications in 1996-2000 : 7 articles and 10 theses of conferences 

176


VEROMANN, SIIRI Date of birth 1938, 29th of April Gendre Female Citizenship Estonian AdressRavila 

Str. 19, Room 2091, Tartu 51014, Estonia Educational history Graduated Tartu University 1962 

Academic degrees Cand. Biol. 1971, Tartu University Employment and professional experience 

Since 1962 – to 1975 – researcer, from 1975 on – senior researcer of Institute of General and Molecular 

Pathology, Tartu University Administrative experience- Honors and awards Estonian science 

award 1995 Membership in academic and scientific societies Society of Estonian Anatomists, 

Histologists and Embryologists Current research program and grantsCataractogenesis and glaucoma 

development, grant no 4457 of Estonian Science Foundation Supervision of dissertations- Publications 

Articles : 8 (indexed in CC); 16 (in Russian), 3 (in Estonian); (not exactly counted, excuse me) 

Theses: in Russian, English and Estonian – not counted, very sorry. 

JURONEN, ERKKI Date of birth: 24.02.59. Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 51014 Tartu, 

Ravila 72-1 Educational history: University of Tartu, Department of Biology, ichtyologisthydrobiologist 

in 1982 Academic degrees: Canditate of biological science degree in molecular biology 

from University of Tartu in 1988 Employment and professional experience: 1982-1986 researcher 

in University of Tartu, IGMP; 1986-1988 postgraduate student in molecular biology in University 

of Tartu; 1988-1993 head of Laboratory of Immunoanalysis in University of Tartu; since 1993 senior 

researcher in University of Tartu, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, Department of Human 

Biology and Genetics Administratiev experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic 

and scientific societies: - Current research program and grants: Grant 4349 from Estonian 

Science Foundation Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 19 

VALDMANN, ANDRES Date of birth:05.12.1961 Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Kreutzwaldi 

38-14, 51006 Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1985: DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 

Estonian Academy of Agriculture. 1985 - 1990: Estonian Research Institute of Animal Breeding and 

Veterinary Science, postgraduate studies. Academic degrees: 1997: Master of Veterinary Science, 

Estonian Agricultural University. 1999: Doctor of Veterinary Science, Estonian Agricultural University. 

Employment and professional experience: 1985 - 1986 and 1988 - 1990: junior research scientist, 

Estonian Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Veterinary Science. 1990 - 1994: research scientist, 

Estonian Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Veterinary Science. 1991-: research scientist, 

Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu. 1995 - 1999: research scientist, Department 

of Reproductive Biology, Estonian Agricultural University. 2000 -: senior research scientist, 

Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian Agricultural University. -hybridoma technology - 

immunoassay methodology -physiology and endocrinology of the reproductive process in the dairy 

cow -mammary gland physiology. Administrative experience: Vice President, Estonian Veterinary 

Association (1994-1997). Honours and awards: 1996: Young Scientist Award from the Organising 

Committee of the 13th International Congress on Animal Reproduction. Membership in academic 

and scientific societies: Estonian Academic Society of Agriculture (1994 - ). International Congress 

on Animal Reproduction (ICAR, Member of the Standing Committee 1996-). European Society for 

Domestic Animal Reproduction (ESDAR, country representative, 1998 -). Current research program 

and grants 2001 - 2004: Factors limiting fertility in Estonian dairy cattle, Estonian Science Foundation, 

principal investigator. Dissertations advised: Publications: -.1 MS (1997) and 1 dissertation (1999) 

Articles with peer referee: 4, 2 in press, 2 submitted Abstracts with peer referee: 6 Articles without 

referee: 18 Abstracts without referee: 1 

SÜNTER, ALAR Date of birth: 08. August 1962 Gender : Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 44 - 12 

Kaunase str., Tartu, Estonia Educational history: 1998 University of Tartu, magister of biomedicine ; 

1983 - 1988 University of Tartu, department of Biology and Geography. Diploma in cytology and histology 

; 1981 - 1983 soviet army ; 1977 - 1980 Secondary School in Kingissepa, speciality in mathematics 

and physics. Academic degrees: 1988 bacalaureus in cytology and histology (University of 

Tartu); 1998 magister in biomedicine (University of Tartu) Employment and professional experience: 

1989 - 1993 University of Tartu, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, junior researcher; 

1993 - present University of Tartu Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, researcher. Administrative 

experience: Honours and awards: Membership in academic and scientific societies: Current 

research program and grants: Supervision of dissertations:1988 Diploma on the theme: " 

Human blood neutrophil specific monoclonal antibodies"; 1998 magister dissertation on the theme " 

Investigation of inflammatory markerproteins MRP8 and MRP14 and their complexes using monoclonal 

antibodies" Publications: 5 articles, 2 conference theses. 

VIIKMAA, MART Date of birth: September 4, 1938 Gender: male Citizenship: estonian Address: 

Aardla Street 9A-85, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Tartu University (TU), department of biology, 

1962 Postgraduate student study in zoology in TU, 1965 Academic degrees: Magister scienti- 

177


arum (MSc) in genetics, TU, 1998 Employment and professional experience: 1965 – junior researcher 

in Central Medical Laboratory of TU 1968 – assistant in chair of genetics and darwinism of 

TU 1972 – senior lecturer in chair of genetics and cytology of TU – senior researcher in IGMP of TU, 

laboratory of human genetics 1992 – senior researcher (0.5) in chair of human biology and genetics, 

faculty of medicine docent (0.5) in chair of genetics, faculty of biology and geography) 1999 – researcher 

(0.5) in chair of human biology and genetics lecturer (0.5) in chair of genetics Administrative 

experience: head of laboratory of human genetics in IGMP, 1982-1987 Honours and awards: ‘Eesti 

eluteaduse hoidja’ from Esonian Society of Nature Researches , 1984 Membership in academic and 

scientific societies: Estonian Society of Nature Researches Estonian Society of Human Genetics 

European Anthropological Association Grants: Population genetics, human biology, theoretical biology; 

partition in grants No. 2967 and 3025 from ESF Supervision of dissertations: -- Publications: 

total number: 114, in international journals: 9 

178

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 


Head of the Department: Professor Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar 

Name of the Chair: Pathophysiology 

Head of the Chair: Professor Enn Seppet 


ARMP.03.016; ARMP.03.016 




The objective of pathophysiology is to teach medical students to understand 

the etiology and pathogenesis of the syndromes and diseases at the level of 

organism, organ, tissue, cell and molecules. The specific emphasize is put not 

on learning the morphological alterations but on reflecting the physiologic 

changes that produce signs and symptoms as well as compensatory mechanisms. 

Pathophysiology is teached within the “Pathology” block together with 

pathological anatomy on 5 th term. The course of pathophysiology comprises 

64 hours of lectures and 64 hours of practicals /seminars with a total volume of 

5.5 credit points (5.5 weeks of work). In the lectures the students are acquainted 

with the concepts of general pathological processes and dysfunction 

of the organ systems. The students are provided with the relevant materials for 

self-learning. The practicals are devoted to accomplish the laboratory/experimental 

studies in order to learn the methods and results of scientific 

work in the Chair of Pathophysiology, to investigate the clinical material (blood 

tests, urine analyses and muscle specimen) from patients with different diseases, 

and to perform some experiments on laboratory animals. During seminars 

the students are requested to analyse the cases and slides describing the 

mechanisms underlying the pathological processes, symptoms and syndromes. 

In this process the students are asked to explore the following domains: 

hypothesis generation, analysis and synthesis of the information, definition 

of learning issues, application of newly acquired knowledge in order to 

formulate decisions and tasks for further self-learning. 

The work of students is evaluated throughout the course in a form of three 

tests in which the students have to write essays on the topic required. The 

positive marks in all three tests are prerequisites to be allowed to take the 

written exam. 

2. How the aims and objectives described in the curriculum changed during 

the past five years? 

Teaching in pathophysiology has been reformed two years ago. The major 

changes undertaken in the curriculum are: 

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180 

1. The number of auditorial work hours is decreased in order to allocate more 

time for individual self-learning. Compared to earlier volume of 7.2 credit 

points the new volume of the program equals to 5.5 credit points. 

2. The content of curriculum has been changed from predominantly teaching 

of factual information towards teaching of students to build up the conceptual 

frameworks to which they can add their personal knowledge by integrating 

information gathered from different fields. Thus the students are 

guided to actively recognize the bridges between morphology, physiology, 

biochemistry, pharmacology and laboratory medicine to realize how the 

changes at the molecular level may lead to pathological organ function, 

and to understand the principles of the pathogenic therapy. On the other 

hand they are provided with description of the signs, symptoms and syndromes 

so that they understand the relations between the manifestations 

of diseases and the underlying mechanisms. 

3. The students are encouraged to take elective courses that help to learn 

pathophysiology. The staff members of the chair have prepared 3 new 

elective courses. 

4. The course of pathophysiology is condenced to be learned throughout one 

semester in parallel with learning pathological anatomy. This allows students 

to concentrate on the issues of pathology by comprehending the 

knowledge from both disciplines – pathological anatomy and pathophysiology. 

3. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching. 

Strengths 

1. The staff members of the Chair of Pathophysiology have a long lasting experience 

in teaching of pathophysiology. Since most of them have a scientific 

degree and all are involved in scientific research projects, they are able 

to develop the research-based teaching. 

2. Since establishment of the new Biomedical Building (Biomeedikum) in 

1999 the teaching facilities have tremendously improved. It is now possible 

to explore the computer-aided lecturing and learning with a use of materials 

on compact discs and from internet, as well as to provide full service of 

copying of the materials. 

3. The students are introduced to the basic techniques and methods of research 

in the Chair. Some experimental setups, e.g. oxygraphs and devices 

for muscle tension measurement are used for teaching purposes to 

introduce the basic mechanisms of cellular lesions such as Ca 2+ overload, 

mitochondrial dysfunction, etc. So the students become familiar with the 

new technological achievements in producing new knowledge in the field of 

pathophysiology, in order to understand the concepts of research- and evidence 

based medicine. 

4. Due to having now the modern laboratory equipment available (flame 

photometer, spectrophotometers, automatic hematological analyzer, etc) 

many parameters of the clinical specimen can be effectively analysed. For


students this makes study attractive and allows to substanciate the conclusions 

they make from the combinations of the case studies. 

5. The study programs and the requirements are made clear for students in 

the beginning of the course. The hand-outs and copies of the slides demonstrated 

are given before the new topic of study. The relevant information 

is also available via internet in the home-page of the Chair of Pathophysiology. 

6. Despite limited funds, practically all important and modern textbooks written 

in Inglish and German languages are available for students in the field 

of pathophysiology either in the Library of the Tartu University or in the Library 

of Biomeedikum. 

7. It has been concluded from the number of discussions that the topics of 

pathophysiology should be teached during clinical part of medical education, 

i.e. more closely related with teaching of the different diseases. However, 

due to subjective and financial problems the relevant organizatory 

measures have remained still to be undertaken. To make progress in this 

issue, we have recently invited Dr. A. Beilmann, M.D. Ph.D. who works as 

a clinician in the field of children diseases, to become a staff member of 

our Chair. We hope that in this way the clinical expertize of the Chair will 

be improved that, in turn, should positively influence the interaction between 

Clinical Departments and Chair of Pathophysiology. 

Weaknesses 

1. The staff members have still difficulties to effectively use all the opportunities 

that the new computer-assisted teaching technologies available in the 

Biomeedikum can provide to. A great amount of handouts and other illustrative 

material need to be reshaped in a way that it could be used and distributed 

by the internet or other computerized networks. 

2. According to the regulations in the Faculty, the foreign students and native 

Estonian Russian speaking students have to know Estonian language in 

order to enter the 3 year program. However, many of the students still 

know Estonian insufficiently to understand the instructions in pathophysiology. 

3. The student-groups participating in the seminars/practicals in one room in 

the same time are too large that significantly limits the possibilities to 

stimulate the active work. 

4. Currently there is no textbooks on pathophysiology written in Estonian language 

available. 



the content and the modes of the teaching changed on the basis of evaluation? 

The staff members try to create an open atmosphere between them and students. 

The students have been interviewed in order to receive the feedback. 

181


182 

During the last few years the quality of lecturing as been two times evaluated 

by the students. The results have been distributed among the members of the 

teaching staff to let them know about the weak and strong aspects of their 

work. 

The most systematic evaluation that was co-ordinated by the University 

authorities was accomplished in November/December 2000. The teacher’s 

work was evaluated during the last lecture of the course. The results will be 

made public after the students have passed the exam. 



Two teachers have attended the formal courses of pedagogic training with duration 

of two weeks. The majority of staff members participated in international 

Workshop on medical curriculae (January 19-20,1996 University of Tartu) 

were problem-based learning with study demonstration, development of preclinical 

and clinical curriculum, international development of medical curriculum 

and other problems were scrutinized. The teachers have also attended the 

courses in which the possibilities and technology of Internet videoconference 

have been demonstrated. 


There is a need for further training in using the computer technology in the 

teaching process. 


7. Is there a need rearrangement of the teaching resources in your department? 


At present the Chair of Pathophysiology comprises 5 members of the teaching 

staff. Since all teachers are graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, they have 

basic education in pathophysiology, as well as they are capable to extend their 

experience and skills and understand the position and role of pathophysiology 

in the context of the medical curriculum. In addition, the researchers and Ph.D. 

students have been involved in teaching in part-time manner. 

During recent years, the workload of the teaching staff has been increasing 

above the normative load. Therefore, it is reasonable to complete the teaching 

staff by one teacher. 




1. Teaching of pathophysiology is co-ordinated at different levels: internationally 

and institutionally both at the university and faculty levels. Internationally 

the recommendations of different organisations have been followed 

(e.g. International Society for Pathophysiology Commission on Teaching,


Advisory Committee on Medical Training of the Commission of the European 

Communities) in order to implement the modern concepts of teaching. 

2. At the University level the pathophysiology program is registered and described 

in the Catalogue of the Lectures and Practical works. So the 

courses in pathophysiology are available for and can be taken by any student 

in the University. For almost ten years the Chair of Pathophysiology 

has been involved in cooperation with the Faculty of Exercise and Sport 

Sciences by teaching the Bachelor’s level course ARMP.03.005 “Pathophysiology” 

for physiotherapists. The co-work is coordinated not only in 

terms of the content of the program but also financially, as the teaching 

services given by the Chair of Pathophysiology are payed by the Faculty of 

Exercise and Sport Sciences. 

3. At the Faculty level the relationships between pathophysiology and laboratory 

medicine have been extensively analysed during the period when 

laboratory medicine was introduced as a new discipline in the medical curriculum. 

This work was coordinated by the TEMPUS Structural Joint European 

Project 7784/94 Development of Academic Laboratory Medicine, with 

participation of University of Glasgow, University of Odense, and University 

of Turku. The aim of coordination was to maximally avoid overlapping of 

the content of programs and to achieve the best synergistic effect of 

teaching of different subjects. 

4. Coordination of teaching between pathophysiology and pathological anatomy 

goes back to early eighties. The new curriculum presumes especially 

tight coordination because the subjects are now teached within one block 

– pathology (11 credit points). 

5. During recent years a new Chair of Immunology has been established in 

the Department of General and Molecular Pathology. Due to such a development 

the program of pathophysiology has been revised in that the specific 

issues of immunopathology have been removed in order to be teached 

by the Chair of Immunology. 

6. Since the present academic year the detailed study program of pathophysiology 

can be found at the homepage of the Chair. This has allowed 

the students to be better prepared for the lectures, seminars and practical 

works, as well as to inform other Departments. 

7. The integration of pathophysiology with other disciplines has been a regular 

subject of discussion in frames of the work of the Committee of Curriculum 

Development which during last 7 years has been headed by the 

Professor of Pathophysiology, Enn Seppet. 



1. During coming years the content and quality of teaching can be improved 

through realization of the following measures: 

183


184 

2. By the 2001/2002 Academic year the Textbook of Pathophysiology in Estonian 

language will be published; the relevant work has been started and 

occurs as it is planned. 

3. Increasing of the number of students involved in the research projects in 

order to enhance the role of research-based learning. 

4. Application of the available techniques and apparatus for computer-based 

teaching/learning including the multimedia computer systems in lecture hall 

(Ravila 19-1006) and seminar/laboratory room (Ravila 19-1016) of the 

Biomeedikum. The interactive computer programs will be used in seminars 

and for self-learning on the basis of the computer class available for students.


Pathophysioloy: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://heart.med.ut.ee 


















Blackboard 


Screen 





Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 









6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): Auditorium nr 4003 for 

workshops and seminars with 24 places is shared with Department of Microbiology. 

185


APPENDIX I-I 



1996 Margareeta Mudist, techician, student Karolinska Institutet Sweden Research 4 weeks 

1997 Evelin Seppet, Ph.D. student Karolinska Institutet Sweden Research 4 weeks 

1998 Urmo Braun, Ph.D. student Karolinska Institutet Sweden Research 8 weeks 

1998 Enn Seppet, professor University of Halle Germany Research 8 weeks 

2000 Lumme Kadaja, reseacher University of Uppsala Sweden Research 2 weeks 

APPENDIX I-II 



1996 Ave Minajeva Paris-Sud University France 6 months 

1997 Ave Minajeva Paris-Sud University France 3 months 

1997 Allen Kaasik Paris-Sud University France 3 months 

1997 Evelin Seppet Karolinska Institutet Sweden 4 weeks 

1998 Urmo Braun Karolinska Institutet Sweden 8 weeks 





Prof. Kent Sahlin Karolinska Institutet Sweden Research 

Prof. Bertil Fredholm Karolinska Institutet Sweden Research 

Prof. Jorma Ohisalo University of Helsinki Finland Research, teaching 

Prof. Valdur Saks University of Grenoble France Research 

Dr. Renée Ventura-Clapier Paris-Sud University France Research 

Dr. Roland Vetter Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany 

Berlin 

Research 

Dr. Frank N. Gellerich University of Halle Germany Research 

APPENDIX I-IV 



Prof. Stefan Zierz University of Halle/s. Germany Research 

Prof. Kent Sahlin Karolinska Institutet Sweden Research 

Prof. Valdur Saks University of Grenoble France Research 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. Biophysical Journal paper 

186

APPENDIX I-V 


MONOGRAPHS 


1. Kaasik A. Thyroid hormone control over [beeta]-adrenergic signalling system in rat atria. Tartu, 

1998, Dissertation. 

2. Minajeva A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum function: comparison of atrial and ventricular myocardium. 

Tartu, 1998, Dissertation. 


1. Andrejeva J., Merits A., Rabenstein F., Puurand Ü., Järvekülg L. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences 

of the 3'-terminal regions of one aphid and two non-aphid transmissible isolates of potato A 

potyvirus. – Archives of Virology, 1996, 141, 7, 1207-1219. 

2. Kaasik A., Ohisalo J. Membrane-bound phosphodiesterases in rat myocardium. – J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 

1996, 48, 962-964 

3. Kuznetsov A.V., Tiivel T., Sikk P., Käämbre T., Kay L., Daneshrad Z., Rossi A., Kadaja L., Peet N., 

Seppet E., Saks VA. Striking differences between the kinetics of regulation of respiration by ADP in 

slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles in vivo. – Eur J Biochem., 1996, 241, 3, 909-915. 

4. Minajeva A., Ventura-Clapier R., Veksler V. Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase 

in situ strongly depends on bound creatine kinase. – Pflügers Arch. – Eur. J. Physiol., 1996, 

432, 904-912 

5. Puurand Ü., Valkonen J.P., Mäkinen K., Rabenstein F., Saarma M. Infectious in vitro transcripts 

from cloned cDNA of the potato A potyvirus. – Virus Research, 1996, 40, 2, 135-40. 

6. Kaasik A., Minajeva A., Paju K., Eimre M., Seppet EK. Thyroid hormones differentially affect sarcoplasmic 

reticulum function in rat atria and ventricles. – Mol Cell Biochem., 1997, 176, 1-2, 119-126. 

7. Kaasik A., Paju K., Vetter R., Seppet EK. Thyroid hormones increase the contractility but suppress 

the effects of beta-adrenergic agonist by decreasing phospholamban expression in rat atria. – Cardiovasc 

Res. 1997, 35, 1, 106-112. 

8. Looga R. Reflex Cardiovascular responses to lung inflation – a review. Respiration Physiology, 

1997, 109, 2, 95-106 

9. Minajeva A., Kaasik A., Paju K., Seppet E., Lompre AM., Veksler V., Ventura-Clapier R. Sarcoplasmic 

reticulum function in determining atrioventricular contractile differences in rat heart. – Am J 

Physiol. 1997, 273, H2498-H2507. 

10. Seppet EK., Kaasik A., Minajeva A., Paju K., Ohisalo JJ., Vetter R., Braun U. Mechanisms of thyroid 

hormone control over sensitivity and maximal contractile responsiveness to beta-adrenergic 

agonists in atria. – Mol Cell Biochem., 1998, 184, 419-426. 

11. Schelle T., Seppet E., Wussling M.H.P. Comparison of hyperthyroid and euthyroid rat cardiac 

myocytes with respect to sarcomere dynamics and calcium transients. B stuty by laser diffractometry 

and confocal laser microscopy. – Scripta Medica (Brno), 1998, 70, 8, 395-408. 

12. Andrejeva L., Puurand Ü., Merits A., Rabenstein F., Järvekülg L., Valkonen JP. Potyvirus helper 

component-proteinase and coat protein (CP) have coordinated functions in virus-host interactions 

and the same CP motif affects virus transmission and accumulation. – Journal of General Virology, 

1999, 80, 5, 1133-1139. 

13. Beilmann A., Napa A., Hämarik M., Sööt A., Talvik I., Talvik T. Incidence of childhood epilepsy in 

Estonia. – Brain & Development, 1999, 21, 3, 166-174. 

14. Beilmann A., Napa A., Sööt A., Talvik I., Talvik T. Prevalence of childhood epilepsy in Estonia. – 

Epilepsia. 1999, 40, 7, 1011-1019. 

15. Beilmann A., Talvik T. Is the International League against Epilepsy classification of epileptic syndromes 

applicable to children in Estonia? – Europ. J. Paediatr. Neurol., 1999, 3, 6, 265-272. 

16. Beilmann A., Talvik T. Epileptic syndromes in Estonia, International Proceedings of 3 rd EPNS Congress, 

Bologna Italy, Monduzzi Editore, 1999, 97-104 

17. Gellerich FN., Trumbeckaite S., Opalka JR., Seppet E., Rasmussen HN., Neuhoff C., Zierz S. 

Function of the mitochondrial outer membrane as a diffusion barrier in health and diseases. – Biochem 

Soc Trans. 2000, 28, 2, 164-169. 

18. Seppet E.K., Käämbre T., Sikk P., Tiivel T., Vija H., Tonkonogi M., Sahlin K., Kay L., Appaix F., 

Braun U., Eimre M., Saks V.A. Functional complexes of mitochondria with Ca, MgATPases of myofibrils 

and sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. – Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2000, 45020, 1-17. 

187


19. Tiivel T., Kadaya L., Kuznetsov A., Kaambre T., Peet N., Sikk P., Braun U., Ventura-Clapier R., 

Saks V., Seppet EK. Developmental changes in regulation of mitochondrial respiration by ADP and 

creatine in rat heart in vivo. – Mol Cell Biochem. 2000, 208, 119-128. 


1. Seppet E., Minajeva A., Seppet E. Essentsiaalse hüpertensiooni patogenees. – Eesti Arst, 1996, 1, 

55-59. 

2. Beilmann A. Uued epilepsiaravimid. – Eesti Arst, 1997, 1 38-52. 

3. Orlova E., Viru A. Endogeensed opioidsed peptiidid, nende osa stressi ja adaptatsiooni puhul. – 

Eesti Arst 1998, 3, 251-258. 

4. Truusalu K., Vainumäe I., Puurand Ü., Talvik T., Mikelsaar M. Korduvate uroinfektsioonidega laste 

E.coli tüvede tüpiseerimine. – Eesti Arst, 2000, 9, 570. 


1. Braun U., Paju K., Eimre M., Orlova E., Seppet E., Kadaja L., Trumbekaite S., Gellerich F.N., Zierz 

S., Seppet E.K. Lack of dystrophin is associated with altered integration of mitochondria and 

ATPases in slow-twitch muscle cells of MDX mice. – Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 

2. Looga R. The bradycardic response to the valsalva manoeuvre in normal man. – Respiration 

Physiology. 

3. Menin L., Panchichkina M., Keriel C., Olivares J., Braun U., Seppet E.K., Saks V.A. 

Macrocompartmentation of total creatine in cardiomyocytes revisited. – Mol. Cell. Biochem. 

4. Saks V.A., Käämbre T., Sikk P., Eimre M., Orlova E., Paju K., Piirsoo A., Appaix F., Kay L., Regitz- 

Zagrosek V., Fleck E., Seppet E. Intracellular energetic units in muscle cells. – Biochem. J. 

188


Academic and administrative personnel: Chair of Pathophysiology 



1. Enn Seppet Professor 1,00 Pathophysiology Male 1950 Ph.D 1991 26 

2. Kalju Paju Docent 1,00 Pathophysiology Male 1952 Cand.Sci 1986 21 

3. Ehte Orlova Lecturer 1,00 Pathophysiology Female 1953 Cand.Sci 1992 12 

4. Anneli Beilmann Assistant 0,50 Pathophysiology/neurology Female 1956 Dr.Med 1999 2 

5. Urmo Braun Assistant 0,50 Pathophysiology Male 1967 1 

6. Lumme Kadaja Researcher 1,00 Pathophysiology Female 1952 M.Sc 1993 20 

7. Ülo Puurand Researcher 1,00 Molecular biology Male 1963 Ph.D 1997 1 

8. Merike Kruus Sr. Technical staff 0,50 Female 1962 16 

9. Ellen Gvozdkova Technical staff 0,50 Female 1946 28 

10. Margareeta Mudist Technical staff 1,00 Female 1970 3 

1 Cand.Sci is degree of the Former Soviet Union which corresponds to a Ph.D 

189




SEPPET. ENN K. 2. Date of birth: 26.02.1950 3. Gender: Male 4. Citizenship: Estonia 5. Address: 

12-33 Kalda tee, 50703 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: 1968-1974: Medical Faculty, University 

of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, M.D., University of Tartu, 1974. 1977-1980: USSR National Center for 

Cardiology, Moscow, Soviet Union, Post-graduate Research in Biochemistry. 7. Academic degrees 

(with year and university): 1980: Candidate of Sciences in Biochemistry, USSR National Center for 

Cardiology, Moscow, USSR. 1991: Doctor of Philosophy (Physiology), University of Tartu, Estonia 8. 

Employment and professional experience: 1974-1981: Junior and Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory 

of Muscle Research, University of Tartu, Estonia. 1981-1992: Head, Laboratory of Hormonal 

Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia. 1992-present: Professor and Chairman, 

Chair of Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University 

of Tartu, Estonia. 9. Administrative experience: 1993-1999, Head, Curriculum Development 

Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia. 1994-2000, Vice-Dean for research and 

postgraduate degree education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia. 10. Honours and 

awards:- Membership in academic and scientific societies: International Society for Heart Research, 

Federation of European Biochemical Societies Finnish Physiological Society, Baltic Laboratory 

Animal Societies Association, Estonian Physiological Society. 12. Current research program 1.The intracellular 

systems of energy transfer in normal and and grants:pathological conditions. Grant 

0180419s98 from the Ministry of Education, Estonia. Grantholder: Enn Seppet. 2. The energy transfer 

networks in muscle cells. Grant 3637 from the Estonian Science Foundation, Estonia. Grantholder: 

Enn Seppet. Supervision of dissertations: 3 Master of Sciences (A.Kaasik, 1993.a., L. Kadaja, 

1993.a., T. Käämbre, 1999.a.) 2 Dr Med Sci (A. Kaasik, 1998.a., A. Minajeva, 1998.a.). 14. Publications: 

56 full length papers 

PAJU, KALJU Date of birth: 21.03.1952 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 1-6 Nõva, 

50104 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: 1970-1976: Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, Estonia 

M.D., University of Tartu, 1976. 1976-1979: Postgraduate student, Department of Pathophysiology, 

University of Tartu, Estonia Academic degrees (with year and University): 1985: Candidate of Sciences 

in Pathophysiology (Cand. Sci), Institute of Continuation of Medicine, Leningrad, USSR Employment 

and professional experience: 1979-1986: Assistant, Department of Pathophysiology, University 

of Tartu, Estonia 1986-1992: Docent, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Estonia 

1992-present: Docent, Chair of Pathophysiology, Department of General and Molecular Pathology, 

University of Tartu, Estonia Administrative experience: 1986 –1992: Head of Department of 

Pathophysiology, University of Tartu Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: 1977 – 1991: Estonian Society of Pathophysiology Current research program and 

grants:1.The intracellular systems of energy transfer in normal and pathological conditions. Grant 

0180419s98 from the Ministry of Education, Estonia 2. The energy transfer networks in muscle cells. 

Grant 3637 from the Estonian Science Foundation, Estonia Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 

7 full length papers 

ORLOVA, EHTE Date of birth: 18.12.1953 Gender:Female Citizenship: Estonian Address:12-23 Pepleri, 

51003 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: 1972-1978: Medical faculty, University of Tartu, 

Estonia M.D., University of Tartu, Estonia, 1978 1978-1979: Internship in Tartu Sports Dispanser, Estonia 

1982-1988: postgraduate student, Departments of Sports Physiology, University of Tartu, Estonia 

and Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, USSR 7. Academic degrees 

:1992: Candidate of sciences in pathophysiology (Cand.Sci), Institute of General Pathology and 

Pathophysiology, Moscow, USSR Employment and professional experience: 1978-1982: Sports 

physician, the centre of training “Otepää”, Soviet Union Sports Committee and the Sports School of 

Tallinn, Estonia 1988-1990: Assistant, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Estonia 

1988-1992: Senior assistant, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Estonia 1992present: 

Senior assistant, Chair of Pathophysiology, Department of General and Molecular Pathology, 

University of Tartu, Estonia Administrative experience: 1992: participation in organisation of conference 

Research in Medicine (Medical faculty, University of Tartu) Honours and awards: - Membership 

in academic and scientific societies: - Current research program and grants:1.The intracellular 

systems of energy transfer in normal and pathological conditions. Grant 0180419s98 from the Ministry 

of Education, Estonia 2. The energy transfer networks in muscle cells. Grant 3637 from the Estonian 

Science Foundation, Estonia Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 11 full length papers (5 

current content) 

191


BEILMANN, ANNELI 2. Date of birth: 28.06.1956 3. Gender: Female 4. Citizenship: Estonian 5. Address: 

58-2 Suur-Kaar, 50405 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: 1974-1981: Medical Faculty, 

University of Tartu, Estonia M.D., University of Tartu, Estonia, 1981. 1994-1999: PhD student, Department 

of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Estonia 7. Academic degrees: 1999: doctor of medical 

sciences (Dr.Med), University of Tartu, Estonia 8. Employment and professional experience:1983- 

1989: pediatrician, Children’s Hospital of Tartu, Estonia 1987-present: neurophysiologist, Children’s 

Hospital of Tartu, Estonia 1990-present: neurologist, Clinic of Pediatrics, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 

University of Tartu, Estonia 1999-present: assistant, Chair of Pathophysiology, Department 

of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia 9. Administrative experience: - 10. 

Honours and awards: 1999: scientific award of Estonian League Against Epilepsy of Estonia Membership 

in academic and scientific societies: Vice-president of Estonian League of Neurophysiologists 

Estonian Association of Pediatricians Baltic Association of Child Neurologists Estonian Association of 

Neurologists Estonian League Against Epilepsy Current research program and grants: Identification 

of epileptic syndromes in children, establishing of psychopathology of frontal lobe epilepsy. Grant 

3121 from the Estonian Science Foundation, Estonia. Supervision of dissertations: - 14. Publications: 

6 full length papers /international medical journals/, 5 publications in medical journals of Estonia. 

BRAUN, URMO 2. Date of birth:30.08.1967 3. Gender:Male 4. Citizenship:Estonian 5. Address:63-41 

Mõisavahe, Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history:1985-1993: Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, 

Estonia M.D., University of Tartu, 1993. 1993-1994: internship, Out-patient Department of Tartu, Estonia 

1997-present: Ph.D. student, Chair of Pathophysiology, Department of General and Molecular 

Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia Academic degrees (with year and university):- Employment 

and professional experience:1993-1995: IT specialist, Chion IC, Estonia 1995-1997: IT specialist, 

EW-Travel IC, Estonia 2000-present: Assistant (0.5), Chair of Pathophysiology, Department of General 

and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia Administrative experience: - Honours and 

awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies:- Current research program and 

grants:1.The intracellular systems of energy transfer in normal and pathological conditions. Grant 

0180419s98 from the Ministry of Education, Estonia 2. The energy transfer networks in muscle cells. 

Grant 3637 from the Estonian Science Foundation, Estonia Supervision of dissertations: - 14. Publications:3 

full length papers KADAJA, LUMME 2. Date of birth:17.08.1952 3. Gender:Female 4. Citizenship: 

Estonian 5. Address: 17-12 Mõisavahe, 50707 Tartu, Estonia 6. Educational history: 

1971-1978: Dept. Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia 1992-1993: Master’s Course in biomedicine, 

Department General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia Academic degree (with 

year and university): M.Sc., 1993, University of Tartu, Estonia Employment and professional experience: 

1980-1983: senior laboratory assistant, Department of General and Molecular Pathology, University 

of Tartu, Estonia 1983-1984: engineer, Department of General anf Molecular Pathology 1985- 

1986: senior engineer, Department of General and Molecular Pathology 1987-1990: junior researcher, 

Department of General and Molecular Pathology 1991-2001: researcher, Department of General and 

Molecular Pathology 9. Administrative experience: The member of Committee of Ethics of Tartu 

University Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific societies: ScandLASA 

(Scandinavian Laboratory Animal Association) EstLASA (Estonian Laboratory animal Association) 

Current research program and grants: 1.The intracellular systems of energy transfer in normal an 

pathological conditions. Grant 0180419s98 from the Ministry of Education, Estonia. 2. The energy 

trasfer networks in muscle cells. Grant 3637 from the Estonian Science Foundation, Estonia. 3. Cytosceleton-mitochondrial 

interactions; A new method in genome analysis, Grant 716 Kt from Estonian 

Technology Agency, Estonia Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 7 full length papers 

PUURAND, ÜLO Date of birth: 20.12.1963 Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 98-58 Pikk, 

50606Tartu, Estonia Educational history: biologist, graduated in University of Tartu, 1986 Academic 

degrees (with year and university): Ph.D., 1997, University of Tartu, Estonia Employment and professional 

experience:1986-1990: researcher, Institute of Chemical and Biological Physics, Estonia 

1990-1998: researcher, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland 1999-present: researcher 

Chair of Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 

Estonia Administrative experience: - Honours and awards: - Membership in academic and scientific 

societies: Estonian Society of Biochemistry Current research program and grants: Cytosceleton-mitochondrial 

interactions; A new method in genome analysis, Estonian Technology Agency, 

grant 716 Kt; Grantholder: Ülo Puurand Supervision of dissertations: - Publications: 12 full length 

papers 

192

IMMUNOLOGY 


Head of the Department: Professor Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar 

Name of the Chair: Immunology 

Head of the Chair: Professor Raivo Uibo 


ARMP.02.005; ARMP.02.012; ARMP.02.013; 

ARMP.02.015 




Teaching of basic and medical aspects of immunology is performed by lectures 

and seminars, but a lot of individual work is expected from students´ 

side. Lectures are preceding subsequent seminars (at least a week). Permission 

to participate in seminars is achieved by successful performance of written 

control work concerning basic aspects of immunology (general terminology, 

cells and molecules of the immune system etc.). Most of the seminars are 

problem-based (autoimmunity, infection etc.). The last seminar (as an immunologic 

disease case seminar) is fully prepared and presented by students. 

Student participation in lectures is on voluntary basis, but the participation in 

seminars is obligatory. To get through in the course of immunology students 

must successfully perform written exam, which includes 1) questions with 

choice answers, 2) assay on a problem in basic immunology, and 3) assay on 

a problem related to an immune mediated disease. The elective studies dedicated 

for students interested in research include introductory lectures, seminars 

with tutors and individual work on a specific clinical immunology problem 

in the immunology research laboratory. 



The aims and objectives of immunology teaching were thoroughly redefined 

three years ago: 1) the number of lectures has been reduced which permits to 

shorten the course to 16 weeks; 2) elective studies were added to the basic 

course to involve students interested in immunology related research. During 

last two years (after moving into Biomedicum building) possibilities to use 

computers, multimedia as well as laboratory demonstrations during the course 

have been grown. 


Strengths 

• Use of teachers with good scientific background and everyday contact with 

clinical or laboratory problems of immunology (including personnel from the 

193


194 

United Laboratories of the Tartu University Clinic, Department of Pediatrics); 

• Use of problem-based and case seminars including the elements of problem-based 

learning; 

• Possibility to use computer-aided learning and knowledge control (for students 

knowing English); 

• Use of elective studies for students interested in immunology research; the 

number of students interested in elective studies has been increasing continuously 

which shows that we have been able to rise students interest in 

immunology; 

• Availability of contemporary English textbooks of immunology in the Chair 

with possibility to lend these during the course; 

• Written and oral evaluation of the course by students; based on this 

evaluation modifications have been introduced into the curriculum whenever 

found necessary; 

• Access to information on innovative aspects in immunology teaching by 

internet and by personal contacts with other teachers in different universities. 

Weaknesses 

• Teaching immunology during 4 th semester is not optimally arranged: when 

the basic aspects of immunology are easy to teach, it is more difficult to 

teach immunopathological and clinically oriented topics, because students 

have not enough basic knowledge in pathology and propedeutic courses 

on internal medicine; therefore sometimes the illustrating examples on 

lectures and seminars are not well understood by students; 

• There is no individual practical work in obligatory immunology course; 

• There is no Estonian contemporary textbook on immunology, but the 

teachers are working on that (a compendium type book dealing with essentials 

of basic immunology and immunopathology); however, there is a 

number of English textbooks in the Chair; 

• The number of students participating in elective studies is limited due to 

limits of students individual work space in the research laboratory; thus approximately 

one third of applicants could be only taken for elective studies; 

• Insufficient pedagogic training of some seminar tutors. 


The lecture and seminar materials are continuously updated with new data according 

to scientific discoveries and clinical applications in immunology. If possible 

the new clinically important knowledge is transferred to seminars where 

subsequent practical demonstrations are performed. Although the lectures 

have always been supplied with handouts, the lecture materials are also available 

by internet in Biomedicum from this year. Students have also possibility to 

communicate with lecturers and tutors by internet. There is also a computer

IMMUNOLOGY 

equipped with English language tutorial CD-ROM on core material of the 

course in the Chair (includes facilities of self-learning). 


The number of permanent teachers (professor and assistant) is too small 

which limits very much their time free of teaching and therefore the possibilities 

to visit other academic and scientific institutions for further pedagogic 

training and scientific work. There is the lack of time of whole staff involved in 

teaching due to high workload either in research or in hospital 




evaluation? 

• The content and quality of immunology course have been continuously 

analysed and evaluated by the teachers in relation to the goals of medical 

teaching in EU as well as in relation with immunology courses in other universities 

in Finland, Sweden and UK; 

• The evaluation of immunology course is done by students according the 

general rules worked out in the Faculty some years ago, but depending on 

the problems raised additional written or oral evaluation is performed; 

• If the feedback from the students indicates that some lectures or seminars 

are evaluated unsatisfactory we discuss the problem and try to correct it; 

• The course evaluation by students and teachers feedback has resulted in 

continuous minor modifications in our curriculum; these modifications are 

discussed with the staff at the beginning of each academic year. 



Assistant has participated on pedagogic and educational psychology training 

in form of course organised in the University of Tartu in 1997. Professor has 

been a member of International Union of Immunological Societies Education 

Committee during 1995-1998 and participated on international meetings (the 

latest AAI meeting in 2000, Seattle, WA) where several aspects of immunology 

teaching have been discussed. In addition, the chair is keeping close 

contacts with teachers of undergraduate immunology course at the MTC in the 

Karolinska Institutet (Sweden), with whom the pedagogic aspects of teaching 

are continuously discussed. 


With no doubt continuous pedagogic training is needed for whole staff involved 

in the teaching, but the most urgent need for such training is among researchers 

and young personal with short term teaching tasks. 

195





There is no need for rearrangement of teaching resources in the Chair, but as 

yet mentioned there is need for additional teacher to give for the others the 

possibility to take free semester for pedagogic training or research work. 




During last renovation of the medical curriculum in the Faculty much of efforts 

have been done to coordinate the teaching between different departments. 

Thus for the present time studies in immunology are sufficiently well coordinated 

with medical biochemistry, anatomy and histology, physiology, microbiology 

and pathology (comparison of topics taught). However, sometimes the 

coordination is not enough concerning the detailed content of the courses. 

Unfortunately, the coordination with courses at the clinical departments is not 

so good, except laboratory medicine. 



• to facilitate more students’ self-learning in way to introduce more problembased 

seminars, practical works and to diminish the number of lectures; 

• to produce the textbook on medical immunology in Estonian in order to encourage 

students’ to learn the basic immunology aspects by themselves; 

• to introduce clinical immunology lectures and problem-based seminars into 

the curriculum (optimally on the 5 th year) combining teachers with basic 

and clinical background in the teaching process; 

196 

• to involve more students into elective course finding for them additional 

laboratory space.

IMMUNOLOGY 

Immunology: resource evaluation 






- WWW address: http://biomedicum.ut.ee/armp/ 












- There has been repairments in last 4 years (except Biomedicum) 





a) one auditorium for workshops/seminars with 20 places, equipped with 

Blackboard 


Screen 




b) one laboratory for practicals with 24 places, equipped with 

Blackboard 


Screen 





Computer 



Computer 






- Number of postgraduate students is 1 (registered) 



6. Other comments on resource topic (max 250 letters): Teaching staff for immunology 

course includes 4 persons from the chair and 2 from elsewhere. All staff is teaching in 

elective (obligatory) courses; this is performed in our research laboratory (5 rooms). A 

total of 5 persons are working on their doctoral and master degree dissertations at the 

chair. 

197


APPENDIX I-I 



1999 Kai Kisand University of Tampere Finland studying RT-PCR for enterovirus 

detection 

2000 Kai Kisand University of Turku Finland studying lymphocyte proliferation 

assay 

2000 Kai Kisand University of Kiel Germany Summer School and practical 

course 

198 

1 week 

1 week 

3 weeks 

1996 Kaja Metsküla Karolinska Institute Sweden Research 1 week 

1998 Kaja Metsküla Staten Serum Institute Denmark Research 1 week 

1996 Kaupo Teesalu University of Tampere Finland practical course 1 week 

1998 Kaupo Teesalu Wallac OY, Turku Finland customer training 1 week 

1996 Koit Reimand University of Tampere Finland Research, teaching 1 month 

2000 Koit Reimand University of Tampere Finland Research 2 months 

1997 Koit Reimand University of Tampere Finland Research 6 months 

1999 Koit Reimand University of Tampere Finland Research 2 months, 

3 weeks 

1997 Liina Salur University of Oulu Finland Studying ICA determination 1 week 

1999 Liina Salur Latvia Summer School 1 week 

1999 Liina Salur University of Turku Finland training course 1 week 

2000 Liina Salur University of Turku Finland studying lymphocyte proliferation 1 week 

assay 

2000 Liina Salur University of Oulu Finland studying GADA, IA-2, IAA 10 days 

1998 Maire Mandel Wallac OY, Turku Finland customer training 1 week 

1996 Raivo Uibo University of Tampere Finland Research, teaching 1 month 

1996 Raivo Uibo Karolinska Institute Sweden Research, study of curriculum 1 week 

1997 Raivo Uibo University of Tampere Finland Research 1 week 

1998 Raivo Uibo Harvard University USA Research 1 week 

1998 Raivo Uibo University of Tampere Finland Research 1 week 

1999 Raivo Uibo University of Turku Finland Research, study of curriculum 1 week 

2000 Raivo Uibo Pennislvania University USA Research 1 week 

2000 Raivo Uibo Karolinska Institute Sweden Research, study of curriculum 1 week 

1998 Reet Kuuse University of Groningen Netterlands studies clinical immunology 4 weeks 

1999 Reet Kuuse Who Research and Training 

Centre Lausanne 

Switzerland studies vaccinology & immunology 

6 weeks 

1996 Tamara Vorobjova University of Lund Sweden Research 1 month 

1997 Tamara Vorobjova Salzburg-Cornell Austria Seminar 1 week 

1998 Tamara Vorobjova University of Stockholm Sweden Summer School 10 days 

1998 Tamara Vorobjova University of Erlangen Germany Research 2 months 

1999 Tamara Vorobjova Latvia Summer School 1 week

APPENDIX I-II 

IMMUNOLOGY 



1996 K.Metsküla Karolinska Institutet Sweden 1 week 

1997 K.Hirv Lübeck Medical University Germany 10 months 

1997 L.Salur University of Oulu Finland 1 week 

1998 K.Metsküla Statens Seruminstitut Denmark 1 week 

1999 L.Salur University of Turku Finland 1 week 

2000 L.Salur University of Oulu Finland 10 days 





Prof.R.Uibo University of Tampere Finland Research and teaching 

Prof.R.Uibo University of Turku Finland Research 

Prof.R.Uibo University of Pennsylvania USA Research 

Prof.R.Uibo University of Lund Sweden Research 

Prof.R.Uibo University of California at Davis USA Research 

Prof.R.Uibo University of Washington USA Research 

Prof.R.Uibo Karolinska Institutet Sweden Teaching 

Sen.researcher T.Vorobjova University of Bern Switzerland Research 

Sen.researcher T.Vorobjova University of Lund Sweden Research 

Sen.researcher T.Vorobjova University of Erlangen Germany Research 

APPENDIX I-IV 


Visitor Institution Country Purpost 

Prof.V.Tamosiunas University of Vilnius Lithuania Research and teaching 

Doc.H.Hyöty University of Tampere Finland Research and teaching 

Doc.J.Ilonen University of Turku Finland Research and teaching 

Prof.M.Seyfarth Medical University of Lübeck Germany Research 

Prof.P.Janmey Harvard University USA Research 

Dr.G.Faller University of Erlangen Germany Research 

Prof.T.Palosuo National Public Health Institute Finland Research 

Doc.P.Peterson University of Tampere Finland Research and teaching 

APPENDIX I-V 



1. Central European Journal of Immunology paper 

2. Current Opinion in Immunology paper, online 

3. Nature Immunology paper, online 

199


APPENDIX I-VI 


MONOGRAPHS 

1. Kisand K. Autoantibodies to 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Detection and significance in 

primary biliary cirrhosis. Tartu, Tartu University Press 1999 

PAPERS IN INTERNATION JOURNALS 

1. Kisand K, Karvonen A.-L, Vuoristo M, Färkkilä M, Lehtola J, Inkovaara J, Kisand K, Miettinen T, 

Krohn K, Uibo R (1996): Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment lowers the serum level of antibodies 

against pyruvate dehydrogenase and influences their inhibitory capacity for the enzyme complex in 

patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Mol Med 74, 269 - 274 

2. Uibo O, Metsküla K, Kukk T, Rägo T, Uibo R (1996): Results of coeliac disease screening in Estonia 

in 1990 – 1994. Acta Paediatr Suppl 412: 39 - 41 

3. Remmel T, Piirsoo A, Koiveer A, H. Remmel H, Uibo R, Salupere V (1996): Clinical Significance of 

Different Antinuclear Antibodies Patterns in the Course of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Hepato- 

Gastroenterology 43: 1135-1140. 

4. Peterson P, Uibo R, Peränen J, Krohn K(1997): Immunoprecipitation of steroidogenic enzyme 

autoantigens with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS I) sera; further evidence forindipendent 

humoral immunity to P450c21. Clin Exp Immunol 107:335-340. 

5. Uibo R, Uibo O, Reimand K, Peterson P, Krohn K (1997): Characterization by molecular cloning an 

antigen reactive with antireticulin antibodies. Ann New York Acad Sci 815:509-11. 

6. Turchany JM, Uibo R, Kivik T, Van de Water J, Prindiville T, Coppel RL, Gershwin ME (1997): A 

study of antimitochondrial antibodies in a random population in Estonia. Amer J Gastroenterol 

92:124-6. 

7. Mägi A, Sumitran-Karuppan S, Peetsalu A, Uibo R (1997): Early expression of CD69 in allogeneic 

cell activation. Central - European J Immunol 22: 86-93. 

8. Ots M, Salupere V, Uibo R. (1997): Regional incidence of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in 

Estonia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12: 2794-6. 

9. Sipria A, Kokk K, Talvik R, Uibo R (1997): Changes in endogenous anti endotoxin core antibodies 

and TNF-α in septic patients with MOF. In:Proceedings of 4 th International Congress on the Immune 

Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis. Munich: 27-29. 

10. Kull K, Salupere R, Uibo R, Ots M, Salupere V (1998): Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in 

Estonian patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Prevalence and diagnostic role. Hepato- 

Gastroenterology 45: 2132-7. 

11. Kemp EH, Ajjan RA, Husebye ES, Peterson P, Uibo R, Imrie H, Pearce SH, Watson PF, Weetman 

AP (1998): A cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism is associated with 

autoimmune Addison's disease in English patients.Clin Endocrinol 49: 609-13. 

12. Vorobjova T, Nilsson I, Kull K, Maaroos HI, Covacci A, Wadstrom T, Uibo R. (1998) CagA protein 

seropositivity in a random sample of adult population and gastric cancer patients in Estonia. Eur J 

Gastroenterol Hepatol. 10: 41-6. 

13. Vorobjova T, Maaroos H-I, Rägo T, Zimmermann A, Uibo R (1998): Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 

gastric mucosa of children with abdominal complaints: immunohistochemistry detects antigenreactive 

corpus mucosa cells. Helicobacter 3: 103-109. 

14. Uibo R, Talja I, Jõgi R, Janson C, Björnsson E, Boman G, Mandel M, Björksten B (1998): Autoantibodies 

in Estonia and Sweden, populations with different responses to allergens. Int Arch Allergy 

Immunol 117: 126-130. 

15. Kisand KE, Kisand KV, Karvonen A-L, Vuoristo M, Mattila J, Mäkinen J, Uibo R (1998): Antibodies 

to pyruvate dehydrogenase in primary biliary cirrhosis: correlation with histology. APMIS 106: 884- 

892. 

16. Metsküla K., Grünberg H., Uibo O., Talja I., Uibo R. (1998): Antigliadin antibodies and autoantibodies 

among 9, 12 and 15 years old schoolchildren. Central-European Journal Immunol 23: 197- 

202. 

17. Kull K, Uibo O, Salupere R, Metsküla K, Uibo R (1999): High frequency of antigliadin antibodies 

and absence of antireticulin and antiendomysium antibodies in patients with ulcerative colitis. J 

Gastroenterol 34: 61-65. 

18. Ots M, Uibo O, Metsküla K, Uibo R, Salupere V (1999): Iga-Antigliadin antibodies in patients with 

IgA nephropathy: The secondary phenomenon? The Amer J Nephrol 19: 453-458. 

200

IMMUNOLOGY 

19. Juhela S, Hyöty H, Uibo R, Meriste SH, Uibo O, Lönnrot M, Halminen M, Simell O, Ilonen J (1999): 

Comparison of enterovirus-specific cellular immunity in two populations of young children vaccinated 

with inactivated or live poliovirus vaccines. Clin Exp Immunol 117: 100-105. 

20. Maaroos H-I, Vorobjova T, Sipponen P, Tammur R, Uibo R, Wadström T, Keevallik R, Villako K 

(1999): An 18-year follow-up study of chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori: Association of CagA 

positivity with development of atrophy and activity of gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 34: 864-869. 

21. Hirv K, Seyfarth M, Uibo R, Kull K, Salupere R, Latza U, Rink L (1999): Polymorphisms in tumour 

necrosis factor and adhesion molecule genes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; associations 

with HLA-DR, -DQ alleles and subclinical markers. Scand J Gastroenterol 34: 1025-1032. 

22. Prükk T, Kisand K, Salur L, Metsküla K, Uibo R (1999): Seroprevalence for tick-borne Lyme borreliosis 

in a defined population in Estonia. Scand J Inf Dis 31: 421-422. 

23. Uibo R, Salupere V (1999): The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis: Immunological problems. 

Hepato-Gastroenterology 46: 3048-3052. 

24. Quaranta S, Van de Water J, Ishibashi H, Rosina F, Coppel R, Uibo R, Gershwin ME (1999): The 

immunopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepato-Gastroenterology 46: 3053-3059. 

25. Kallikorm R, Uibo O, Uibo R (2000): Coeliac disease in spondyloarthropathy: usefulness of serological 

screening. Clin Rheumatol 19: 118-22. 

26. Ots M, Kulla A, Luman M, Metsküla K, Leiba V, Ritz E (2000): Non-diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis 

recurring in a renal graft - Nephrol Dial Transpl 15: 2053-2056. 

27. Peterson P, Uibo R, Krohn K (2000): Adrenal autoimmunity: Results and developments - Trends 

Endocrinol Metab 11: 285-290. 

28. Reimand K, Peterson P, Hyöty H, Uibo R, Cooke I, Weetman A, Krohn K (2000): 3betahydroxysteroid 

dehydrogenase autoantibodies are rare in premature ovarian failure. J Clin Endocrinol 

Metab 85: 2324-2326. 

29. Salur L, Uibo O, Talvik I, Justus I, Metsküla K, Talvik T, Uibo R (2000): The high frequency of coeliac 

disease among children with neurological disorders. Europ J Neurol 7: 707-711. 

30. Vorobjova T, Grünberg H, Oona M, Maaroos H, Nilsson I, Wadström T, Covacci A, Uibo R (2000): 

Seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori and CagA protein in schoolchildren of different ages living in 

urban and rural areas in southern Estonia. Europ J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12: 97-101. 

31. Vorobjova T, Faller G, Maaroos H, Sipponen P, Villako K, Uibo R, Kirchner T (2000): Significant increase 

in antigastric autoantibodies in a long-term follow-up study of H.pylori gastritis - Virchows 

Arch 437: 37-45. 

32. Wang L, Gorlin J, Michaud S, Janmey P, Goddeau R, Kuuse R, Uibo R, Adams D, Sawyer E 

(2000):Purification of salmon clotting factors and their use as tissue sealants. Thromb Res 100: 

537-548. 


1. Kisand K, Kisand K, Karvonen A-L, Krohn K, Uibo R (1997): Autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. 

Eesti Arst No. 6, 494-498 (in Estonian). 

2. Uibo R (1999): The mechanism of autoimmune disease development and immunodiagnostics. 

Eesti Vabariigi teaduspreemiad. Tallinn, A/S Infotrükk: 32-40 (in Estonian). 

3. Kull K, Salupere R, Metsküla K, Uibo R (2000): Autoantibodies occurrence and significance of 

autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Eesti Arst No. 1: 12-16 (in Estonian). 

4. Uibo O, Shor R, Paal M, Kulla A, Metsküla K (2000): The diagnosis of coeliac disease in a patient 

with diabetes mellitus after two year period. Case report. Eesti Arst No. 11: 690-693 (in Estonian). 


1. Kisand KE, Metsküla K, Kisand KV, Kivik T, Gershwin ME, Uibo R (2001): The follow-up of 

asymptomatic persons with antibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase in adult population samples. J 

Gastroenterol 36: (in press). 

2. Vorobjova T, Ananieva O, Maaroos H-I, Sipponen P, Villako V, Utt M, Nilsson I, Wadström T, Uibo 

R (2001): Seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein 60 is strongly associated with intensity 

of chronic inflammation, particularly in antrum mucosa: an extension of an 18-year follow-up 

study of chronic gastritis in Saaremaa, Estonia. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1299: (in press). 

3. Vorobjova T, Maaroos H-I, Sipponen P, Villako K, Uibo R (2001). Apoptosis in different compartments 

of antrum and corpus mucosa in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis. An 18-year follow-up 

study. Scand J Gastroenterol 36: (in press). 

4. Uibo R, Sullivan EP, Uibo O, Lernmark A, Salur L, Kivik T, Mandel M (2001): Comparative study of 

glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and antigliadin antibodies in a random adult population 

sample. Horm Metab Res (submitted). 

201


5. Liiv I, Teesalu K, Peterson P, Clemente MG, Perheentupa J, Uibo R (2001): Epitope mapping of 

cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) by sera from patients with 

autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (submitted). 

6. Teesalu K, Uibo O, Kalkkinen N, Janmey P, Uibo R (2001): Increased levels of IgA antibodies 

against desmin in children with coeliac disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol (submitted). 

202


Academic and administrative personnel: Chair of Immunology 

IMMUNOLOGY 


1. Raivo Uibo Professor 1,00 Immunology Male 1948 Ph.D, Dr.Sci 1992 27 

2. Koit Reimand Assistant 1,00 Immunology Male 1968 6 

3. Kalle Kisand Sr. Researcher 1,00 Immunology Male 1961 Cand.Sci 1990 15 

4. Tamara Vorobjova Sr. Researcher 1,00 Immunology Female 1955 Cand.Sci 1985 21 

5. Kai Kisand Researcher 1,00 Immunology Female 1965 Dr.Med 1999 11 

6. Ingrid Liiv Researcher 1,00 Immunology Female 1970 M.Sc 1997 8 

7. Maire Mandel Sr. Engineer 1,00 Female 1962 5 

8. Kaja Metsküla Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Female 1960 7 

9. Kaupo Teesalu Sr. Technical staff 1,00 Male 1971 4 

10. Ija Talja Sr. Technical staff 0,50 Female 1967 M.Sc 1999 8 

11. Reet Kuuse Sr. Technical staff 0,50 Female 1961 5 

12. Liina Salur Sr. Technical staff 0,50 Female 1961 5 


203



IMMUNOLOGY 

UIBO, RAIVO Date of birth: Dec 21, 1948 Gender: Male Citizenship: Estonian Address: Ravila 19, 

Tartu 51014 (work), Taara pst 28., Tartu 51006 (home) Educational history: Licentiate of Medicine 

(M. D.), Medical Faculty, University of Tartu Academic degrees (with year and university): 1973 - 

Licentiate of Medicine (M. D.), University of Tartu; 1978 – Candidate of Medicine, University of Tartu; 1985 

– Senior Researcher, University of Tartu; 1990 – Doctorate of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland, 

and 1991 - All-Union Committee of Academic degrees; 1993 – Docent of Immunopathology, 

University of Tampere, Finland Employment and professional experience: Research assistant and 

junior researcher, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, 1973-1979; Head, Laboratory of Immunology, 

Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 1979-1992 (Senior researcher in 

immunology and allergology, since 1985). Professor of Immunology, University of Tartu, since 1992. 

Foreign studies and activities: Visiting Scientist and Lecturer, Department of Pathology, University of 

Tampere, Finland, 1990-1993 (8 moths); Visiting Lecturer, University of Sheffield, U.K., 1993; Visiting 

Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, IRIBHN, University of Brussels, Belgium, January-April, 1994; 

Visiting Professor, Institute of Medical Technology, October-November, 1996; Visiting Scientist in 

Harvard and Pennsilvania Universities (2 weeks 1999-2000); particiption in several international 

congresses and symposia on immunology Administrative experience: Head of the Immunology 

Research Group and the Head of Curriculum in Immunology at the Institute of General and Molecular 

Pathology, University of Tartu since 1992; Coordinator of the research project TARMP0420, PI of the 

Estonian Science Foundation grants No. 267, 1075, 1339, 3045 (1993-2000), Open Estonia 

Foundation grant “Development of medical immunology in Estonia” (1996), grant “Environment and 

immune system” of the Ministry of Social Affairs (1997), Estonian co-ordinator of the EU Biomed 2 

Concerted Action project PL950729 (1996-1999), Estonian co-ordinator of the EU INCO-Copernicus 

grant IC15CT96-0916 “Novel diagnostics and therapy in Addison’s disease and related autoimmunity” 

(1997-2000), Scientific co-ordinator of the EU INCO-Copernicus grant IC15CT98-0316 “Enterovirus 

infections in NIS/CEE countries and in EU – importance for population health and pathogenesis of 

IDDM” (1999-2002). Organization of the international courses (in Tartu, 1994, 2001 - Chairman of the 

Organization Committee; in Palanga, 1993, in Trakai, 1995, in Riga 1995, 1999 - member of the 

Organization Committees). Head of the Commission of Professional Expertise at the Medical Faculty, 

University of Tartu (1994-1996); Member of the Board of Academic degrees at the Medical Faculty 

(1997-1999), Member of different boards on teaching, institutional development etc. at the Medical 

Faculty (1997-2001); Council member of the Estonian Science Foundation and the Chairman of the 

Group of Experts in Medicine (from 2000). Honours and awards: USA National Institutes of Health 

FIRCA Grant R03 TW00787; Scientific Awards of the Estonian Government in 1995 and 1999. 

Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member of International Union of Immunological 

Societies Educational Committee (since 1995), Member of Clinical Immunology Group of European 

Federation of Immunological Societies (since 1998), first Chairman of Estonian Society for 

Immunology (1984-1995), Vice-Chairman of Baltic Immunologic Society (1992-1995); Founding 

Member of Euroscience (1997), Member of the Editorial Boards of the Central-European Journal of 

Immunolog and the Russian Journal of Immunology, Member of Euroscience, Member of the Society 

for Mucosal Immunology and of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. Current 

research program and grants: Coordinator of the research project TARMP0420 “Pathogenetic 

mechanisms of autoimmunity and immunodiagnostics” (Ministry of Education 1998-2002), Estonian 

Science Foundation grant No. 4437 “ Mechanisms of autoimmunity development in Down’s syndrome” 

(2000-2002), EU INCO-Copernicus grant IC15CT98-0316 “Enterovirus infections in NIS/CEE countries 

and in EU – importance for population health and pathogenesis of IDDM” (1999-2002). Supervision 

of dissertations: Kalle Kisand (Cand. med, 1990); Triin Remmel (Dr. med Sci, 1996); Mai Ots (Dr. med. 

Sci, 1998); Kaja Julge (Dr. med. Sci, 1998); Kai Kisand (Dr. med. Sci, 1999), Ija Talja (M Biomed Sci, 

1999); Kaimo Hirv (Dr. med. Sci., 2000, Lübeck – co-supervisor). Publications (1996-2001): 67 (incl. 35 

papers published or in press in international peer reviewed journals; 5 submitted papers; 4 papers in 

local journals; 23 abstracts of conference presentations). 

KISAND, KALLE Date of birth: November 22, 1961 Gender: male Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Immunology Research Group, Institute of General and molecular Pathology, University of Tartu. Ravila 

19, Tartu 51014, Estonia Educational history: Licentiate of Medicine (M.D.), University of Tartu, 

Estonia, 1985; 1985-1988 postgraduate studies, University of Tartu Academic degrees: PhD, 

Moscow II Medical Institute, Russia, 1990 Employment and professional experience: 1988-1990 - 

junior researcher in Laboratory of Immunology, University of Tartu; 1990-1992 - researcher in 

205


Laboratory of Immunology, University of Tartu; 1992-1995, 2001 up to now – senior researcher in 

Immunology Research Group by Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu; 

1991- Fellowship at the Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden (three 

months); 1994 - International course "Autoimmunity: Basic and Clinical" (Tartu); experience of 

teaching immunology from 1992 (lectures, seminars) Administrative experience: Member of local 

organizing committees: 1 st Estonian Congress of Immunology (1989); International Course 

″Autoimmunity: Basic and Clinical″ (1994); Co-ordinator of Estonian Health Project (1995-2000); 

Honours and awards: Award of medical faculty, University of Tartu, 1985; Scientific Award of Ministry 

of Education of Estonia, 1994. Membership in academic and scientific societies: President of 

Estonian Immunological Society; President of Baltic Immunnological Society Current research 

program and grants Atoimmune diseases and infection. Grants: Ministry of education TARMP0420 

Pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmunity and immunodiagnostics (1998-2002); Estonian Science 

Foundation grant No. 3045 Development of novel methods for the diagnosis of autoimmunity (1997- 

2000) Supervision of dissertations: No Publications: 9 (incl. 6 scientific papers ) 

VOROBJOVA, TAMARA Date of birth: 5 July 1955 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian 5. Address: 

work: 19, Ravila, Immunology Rsearch Group, University of Tartu, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia, Tel: 327-374 

230, FAX: 372-7-374 232 , e-mail: tamara.vorobjova@kliinikum.ee, e-mail: tamara@imlab.ut.ee; home: 

Mõisavahe 43-42, 50708 Tartu, Estonia. Educational history: Narva 7. Secondary School 1962-1972; 

University of Tartu, Medical Faculty 1972-1978; Post-graduate training in Taru University Hospital 1978- 

1979; Diploma (cum laude) in internal diseases (M.D.), University of Tartu, Estonia, 1978; Knowledge of 

languages: Estonian, Russian, English, German, French, Italian. Academic degree: Cand. Sci. (medicine, 

internal diseases). Academic Dissertation, University of Tartu, Estonia, 1985 Employment: Post-graduate 

training in Tartu University Hospital, 1978-1979; Research Assistant, Laboratory of Immunology, 

Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia, 1979-1981; Junior 

Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of 

Tartu, Estonia, 1981-1993; Current position: Senior Researcher in Immunology, Immunology 

Research Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia, since 

1993; Lecturer of Immunology, University of Tartu, Estonia, since 1992 (teaching in estonian, russian 

and english languages). Professional experience: Visiting scientist in the Institute of Pathology, 

University of Leipzig; in the Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Jena; in the Institute of 

Pathology, Medical Academy in Dresden; in the Institute of Medical Immunology in Berlin; in the 

Institute of Pathology, University of Rostock, Germany, 1987-1988; Participation in the course 

"Immunocytochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies in oncology, hematology and clinical 

immunology", Kiev, Ukraine, March 1990; Visiting scientist, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany, 

July, August 1990; Visiting scientist, Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Germany, August, 

September 1992; Visiting scientist, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden, 

March 1993, June-July 1994, July 1996; Participation in the Summer School Course "Immunology-93", 

Palanga, Lithuania, June, 1993; Visiting scientist, Department of Gastroenterology Inselspital Bern 

and in the Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland, January-March 1994, May 1997; 

Participation in the post-graduate course "Autoimmunity: Basic and Clinical", organized at the 

University of Tartu, Estonia, on June 5-12, 1994; Participation in the 1st International Technical 

Course on Helicobacter pylori, University of Bordeaux, France, September 4-16, 1994; Participation in 

the International Course on Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori , San Marino, October 2-5, 1995; 

Attending the Helicobacter pylori: Basic mechanisms to clinical cure 1996 symposium in Ottawa, 

Ontario from June 10-12, 1996 as continuing medical education activity for 20.5 hours as category 1 of 

the Physician’s recognition Award of the Americal medical association; Participation in Salzburg- 

Cornell Seminar in Oncology, July 27-Augst 2 1997. Salzburg Austria; Participation in SAS System 

computer course, October 1997, University of Tartu. Participation in European Helicobacter pylori Study 

Group Gastric Pathology Course, February 7/8th 1998. Northick Park & St Mark’ Hospitals London, UK; 

Participation in Nordic Summer School in Methods of Infectious Disease Epidemiology. Söderfors, 

Sweden, 8-17 June 1998; Visiting scientist, Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 

Germany, October-November, 1998; Participation in International Summer School of Immunology, 

Jurmala, Latvia, 24-28 May, 1999. ;Participation in language course “ How to write scientific papers”, 

organized by Helsinki University in Tartu, May 2000. Administrative experience: Member of the 

Organizing Committee for the post-graduate course "Autoimmunity: Basic and Clinical", organized at 

the University of Tartu, Estonia, 1994. Honours and awards: Estonian Governement Scientific Award for 

1994: H.-I. Maaroos, T. Vorobjova, R.Uibo, K.Kisand, R. Tammur, T. Kivik, K. Villako. - The occurrence of 

Helicobacter pylori infection in the Estonian population; Award of Medical Faculty of University of Tartu, 

1999. Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member of Estonian Society of 

Gastroenterology, since 1980; Secretary of the Estonian Society for Immunology, since 1984; Member of 

the Organizing Committee for the I Congress of Estonian Society for Immunology, 1989; Member of the 

206

IMMUNOLOGY 

Board of the Baltic Immunological Society, since 1991; Member of the German-Baltic Physicians Society, 

since 1991. Current research program and grants: Immune response to Helicobacter pylori and its 

association with dynamics of chronic gastritis and epithelial cell turnover in antrum and corpus. Grants: 

Estonian Science Foundation Grant 4383 ”Prospective follow-up study of peptic ulcer and chronic 

gastritis after eradication of Helicobacter pylori: accent on factors influencing regeneration of gastric 

mucosa and quality of life of patients” ;Ministry of education TARMP0420 “Pathogenetic mechanisms 

of autoimmunity and immunodiagnostics” (1998-2002); 3. Estonian Science Foundation grant No. 

3045 “Development of novel methods for the diagnosis of autoimmunity” (1997-2000) Supervision of 

dissertations: no Publications: 72; Thesis: 1 (Cand Sci); Papers: 24; International Journals: 16; 

Estonian Journals: 2 Tartu University Press: 6; Abstracts: 47 

KISAND, KAI Date of birth: March 8, 1965 Gender: female Citizenship: Estonian Address: 

Immunology Research Group; Institute of General and molecular Pathology, University of Tartu; Ravila 

19, Tartu 51014, Estonia Educational history: Licentiate of Medicine (M.D.), University of Tartu, 

Estonia, 1989; 1992-1998 postgraduate studies, University of Tartu Academic degrees: Dr.Med, 

University of Tartu, Estonia, 1999 Employment and professional experience: 1989 - research 

assistant in Laboratory of Immunology, University of Tartu; from 1999 researcher in Immunology 

Research Group; 1993 - Fellowship at the Department of Pathology of the Institute of Medical 

Technology, University of Tampere, Finland (three months); 1994 - International course 

"Autoimmunity: Basic and Clinical" (Tartu); 1995- Falk Symposium No. 86. Bile Acids and Immunology 

(Basel); 1996 -XXVIIth Meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Immunology (Turku); 1998 - European 

Mucosal Immunology Meeting (London); 1999 - Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity (Oslo); 1999 - one 

week at the Department of Virology, University of Tampere studying RT-PCR for enterovirus infection 

detection; 2000 - one week in University of Turku studying lymphocyte proliferation assay; 2000 - 

Baltic Summer School: Current Trends in Immunology and Signal Transduction (Kiel, 2000, tree 

weeks); experience of teaching immunology from 1992 (seminars) Administrative experience: 

Member of local organizing committees: 1 st Estonian Congress of Immunology (1989); International 

Course ″Autoimmunity: Basic and Clinical″ (1994) Honours and awards: Award of medical faculty, 

University of Tartu, 2000; Membership in academic and scientific societies: Member of Estonian 

Immunological Society; Member of Baltic Immunnological Society Current research program and 

grants: enteroviruses in autoimmune diseases, functional properties of autoantibodies in primary 

biliary cirrhosis, cellular immunity in patients with Down’s syndrome Supervision of dissertations: no 

Publications: 25 (from which 5 in international journals) 

REIMAND, KOIT Date of birth:19.07.1968 Gender: male Citizenship:Estonian Address:Hurda 18-1, 

51005, Tartu, Estonia Educational history: Internship in University of Tartu, Medical Faculty 

01.08.1993 – 20.06.1995; medical student in University of Tartu, Medical Faculty 01.09.1986 – 

22.06.1993; secondary education – Tartu 1. Secondary School, 1986; primary education – Tartu 10. 

Secondary School, 1983 Academic degrees (with year and university): M.D., 1993, University of 

Tartu Employment and professional experience: From 1993 to 1994 - technician in the Laboratory 

of Immunology, University of Tartu; from 1995 – assistant, chair of immunology, University of Tartu; 

Experienced as a tutor of seminars and practical laboratory course in immunology, also as laboratory 

supervisor of student research work; Participation in courses: June and August, 1996, University of 

Tampere – Basic Techniques in Molecular Biology I and II, practical course; November, 1996, 

University of Tampere – Screening of cDNA Expression Library for Autoantigen Identification, practical 

course (co-leader of the course). January 1997, University of Tartu – Pedagogy and educational 

psychology training course. Administrative experience: no Honours and awards: no Membership in 

academic and scientific societies: Member of Estonian Society for Immunology Current research 

program and grants: Organ-specific autoimmunity, focused to endocrine and reproductive 

autoimmunity Grants: EI INCO-Copernicus IC15CT98-0316 Enterovirus infections in NIS/CEE 

countries and in EU – importance for population health and pathogenesis of IDDM (1992-2002); 

Ministry of education TARMP0420 Pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmunity and immunodiagnostics 

(1998-2002); Estonian Science Foundation grant No. 4437 Mechanisms of autoimmunity development 

in Down’s syndrome (2000-2002) Supervision of dissertations: no Publications: 4 

207

ANATOMY 1 Name of the Department: Department ... - Biomeedikum

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