Rehabilitation and Restoration Of Degraded Forests (PDF) - IUCN

Contents
Preface ........................................................................................... i
Chapter 1. Introduction.................................................................. 1
1.1 Responses .........................................................................2
Chapter 2. Degradation .................................................................. 4
2.1 Deforestation ....................................................................4
2.2 Measuring degradation .....................................................7
Chapter 3. Addressing degradation ............................................... 10
3.1 Biophysical aspects ..........................................................10
3.2 Human well-being aspects ..............................................16
Chapter 4. Why undertake forest landscape restoration? ............... 19
4.1 Ecological reasons ...........................................................19
4.2 Socio-economic reasons ..................................................22
Chapter 5. When and where to intervene ..................................... 25
5.1 Ecological factors ............................................................25
5.2 Socio-economic factors ...................................................28
5.2.1 Likelihood of change ............................................29
5.2.2 Impact of the intervention on local livelihoods .....29
5.2.3 Equity considerations ...........................................30
5.2.4 Additional risks.....................................................30
Chapter 6. Approaches at the site level ......................................... 31
6.1. Biophysical considerations ..............................................31
6.1.1 Preconditions ........................................................31
6.2. Interventions at a site level ..............................................34
6.2.1 Passive restoration .................................................34
6.2.2 Enrichment planting.............................................35
6.2.3 Direct seeding .......................................................36
6.2.4 Scattered tree plantings .........................................36
6.2.5 Close-spaced plantings ..........................................37
6.2.6 Intensive ecological reconstruction........................38
6.2.7 Intensive ecological reconstruction after mining ...40