Rehabilitation and Restoration Of Degraded Forests (PDF) - IUCN

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Chapter 8. Case studies ................................................................ 73 8.1 Natural forest regrowth in northeastern USA ..................73 8.2 Restoration of temperate forest in Canada ......................74 8.3 Community initiated forest restoration in Nepal .............75 8.4 Maximum diversity plantings on mined land in Brazil ....76 8.5 Reforestation of mountains in Japan ...............................78 8.6 Pest control in New Zealand ...........................................79 8.7 Understorey development in Australia.............................81 8.8 Assisted natural regrowth in Nepal ..................................82 8.9 Agroforestry in Indonesia ................................................83 8.10 Reforestation of Fijian grasslands ....................................85 8.11 Reforestation in Kenya ....................................................86 8.12 Reintroduction of traditional agriculture in Tanzania ......87 8.13 Large-scale reforestation in Korea ....................................89 Chapter 9. Criteria for success ...................................................... 91 Chapter 10. Promoting Forest Landscape Restoration .................. 96 10.1 Raising public awareness .................................................96 10.2 Putting restoration on the policy agenda .........................97 10.3 Incorporating restoration into land-use planning ............97 Chapter 11. Conclusions .............................................................. 99 Chapter 12. References ............................................................... 101
REHABILITATION AND RESTORATION OF DEGRADED FORESTS Boxes Box 1. Deforestation, degradation and reforestation ..................... 8 Box 2. Will degraded sites recover without intervention? ........... 11 Box 3. Definition of forest restoration terms .............................. 14 Box 4. Is ecological restoration ever possible? ............................. 21 Box 5. Forest dependence and decision-making ......................... 23 Box 6. Restoration in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, India ................... 24 Box 7. Some generalizations concerning ecological restoration ... 46 Box 8. Key concepts for pluralism in sustainable forestry ........... 64 Box 9. Tenure systems ................................................................ 65 Box 10. Aspects of tenure systems ................................................ 66 Figures Figure 1. Deforested landscape at old copper mine and smelter ....... 5 Figure 2a. Different forms of forest degradation ............................... 12 Figure 2b. Ecological restoration, rehabilitation and reclamation ..... 15 Figure 3. Ecosystems and human well-being .................................. 17 Figure 4a. Forest restored after mining, Australia ............................. 42 Figure 4b. Restored forest in an acacia-dominated site ..................... 42 Figure 4c. Monoculture of acacia seedling regeneration ................... 43 Figure 5. Rate of recovery of biodiversity ....................................... 45 Figure 6. Understorey regeneration, Australia ................................ 56 Figure 7. Number of species and ecosystem function ..................... 58 Figure 8. Timber production and wildlife benefits ......................... 59 Figure 9. Effects of reforestation on diversity ................................. 71 Figure 10. Monitoring recovery by comparing number of species .... 93 Tables Table 1. Annual global transition, 1990–2000................................ 6 Table 2. Reforestation using monocultures of exotic species.......... 19 Table 3. Sites to target for forest landscape restoration .................. 26 Table 4. Potential key plant species for restoration ........................ 33 Table 5. Potential benefits of a plantation mixture ........................ 55 Table 6. Various methods of overcoming forest degradation ......... 62 Table 7. Species diversity in different forms of agroforestry ........... 84 Table 8. Potential indicators of success ......................................... 91
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