The Leyden and Stockholm Papyri - University of Cincinnati

More documents

Recommendations

Info

lator has taken the liberty of numbering the recipes consecutively although in neither the original nor in the German translations of Lagercrantz was this done. A few short comments upon the chemical aspects and the general technical significance of the recipes will follow the translation. 3.2 Translation 1. Manufacture of Silver Plunge Cyprian copper, which is well worked and shingled for use, into dyer’s vinegar and alum and let soak for three days. Then for every mina of copper mix in 6 drachmas each of, earth of Chios, salt of Cappadocia and lamellose alum, and cast. Cast skillfully, however, and it will prove to be regular silver. Place in it not more than 20 drachmas of good, unfalsified, proof silver, which the whole mixture retains and (this) will make it imperishable. Many of the substances used in ancient times were named according to their place of origin rather than from their chemical nature. This is well shown in this recipe. The island of Cyprus was a famous source of copper in ancient times. The term alum or “alumen” referred to a variety of natural products which were usually impure mixtures of iron and aluminum sulfates put up in various forms. The “earth of Chios” was probably a kind of a clay, while “salt of Cappadocia” was our common salt, from a chemical point of view. 2. Another (Recipe) THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI Anaxilaus traces back to Democritus also the following recipe. He rubbed common salt together with lamellose alum in vinegar and formed very fine small cones from these and let them dry for three days in the bath chamber. Then he ground them small, cast copper together with them three times and cooled, quenching in sea water. Whatever comes out will show a purification. - 48 -
3. Another (Recipe) Purify white tin four times and melt together 6 parts of this and 1 mina of white Galatian copper; rub off and make what you wish. It will be silver of the first quality, except that the artisans can notice something (peculiar) about it because it is formed by the procedure mentioned. 4. Purification of Tin The purification of tin, which enters into the alloy with silver, is done in the following way. Let pure tin cool, coat if with oil and bitumen, and melt it four times. Lay it aside after washing in a clean manner. Alloy 6 parts of this and 7 parts of Galatian copper with 4 parts of silver and it will be regarded as wrought silver. 5. Doubling of Silver It is done by different procedures. Melt Cyprian copper, which is purified with “coral,” six times and add silver for the purpose of doubling. 6. Another (Recipe) Dip clippings from small copper plates into brine and let them soak six days in alum and brilliant earth which have been previously dissolved in fresh water. Melt it afterwards and gradually alloy silver with it. The exact nature of the shining or brilliant earth mentioned in this recipe and the following one is impossible to determine. 7. Another (Recipe) THE STOCKHOLM PAPYRUS In addition to these recipes (is) also the following. Galatian copper 1/2 part, silver, and ordinary tin, which the western Iberians among whom it is produced call bulla just as the Romans do. The copper - 49 -
Page 1:
The Leyden and Stockholm Papyri Gre
Page 4 and 5:
Earle Radcliffe Caley 1900-1984
Page 6 and 7:
Copyright ! 2008 William B. Jensen
Page 8 and 9:
Illustrations Portrait of Earle Rad
Page 11 and 12: I General Introduction 1.1 The Olde
Page 13 and 14: GENERAL INTRODUCTION complete trans
Page 15 and 16: GENERAL INTRODUCTION of their work,
Page 17 and 18: GENERAL INTRODUCTION literature and
Page 19 and 20: when preparing wool for the same pu
Page 21 and 22: GENERAL INTRODUCTION question in bo
Page 23 and 24: GENERAL INTRODUCTION he received th
Page 25 and 26: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ! 23.! M. Clar
Page 28 and 29: A page from the Leyden papyrus.
Page 30 and 31: thought necessary to give the prope
Page 32 and 33: 7. Inexhaustible Stock It is prepar
Page 34 and 35: THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI 15. T
Page 36 and 37: THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI 20. (
Page 38 and 39: THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI 28. M
Page 40 and 41: ing of fine appearance. Here is the
Page 42 and 43: sodium carbonate together. In this
Page 44 and 45: 62. Writing in Letters of Asem. Dil
Page 46 and 47: esin, 1 part; golden-colored arseni
Page 48 and 49: Cyprus, purify it with some vinegar
Page 50 and 51: 91. The Fixation of Alkanet Urine o
Page 52 and 53: plunge the wool in it, lay aside se
Page 54 and 55: THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI chara
Page 56 and 57: THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI in re
Page 58: THE LEYDEN & STOCKHOLM PAPYRI 4. !
Page 61: 3.1 Description III The Stockholm P
Page 65 and 66: with a pure linen rag and the pearl
Page 67 and 68: sharp vinegar. Put the cover upon t
Page 69 and 70: 25. Whitening of a Pearl A dark pea
Page 71 and 72: 35. Another (Preparation) Take rain
Page 73 and 74: 42. Preparation of Emerald Mix 1 pa
Page 75 and 76: This latter sentence, which appears
Page 77 and 78: - or if that is not at hand (resin)
Page 79 and 80: 72. Another (Preparation) Preparati
Page 81 and 82: 80. The Dissolving of Comarum Take
Page 83 and 84: “skorpiurus” was, according to
Page 85 and 86: However, after you have dipped the
Page 87 and 88: cedure for mordanting with urine. N
Page 89 and 90: and stir up. Put the wool in the ke
Page 91 and 92: 115. Dyeing of Various Colors To pr
Page 93 and 94: 123. Dyeing in Purple Bright red pu
Page 95 and 96: 133. Preparing Genuine Purples Iron
Page 97 and 98: 145. Cleaning by Means of Soap Weed
Page 99 and 100: ighten it with alum. Rinse the wool
Page 101 and 102: THE STOCKHOLM PAPYRUS direction for
Page 103 and 104: IV A Note on Technique 4.1 Ancient
Page 105: PLATE I Two depictions of the use o
Page 109: PLATE III Above: The use of mortars
Page 113 and 114:
A NOTE ON TECHNIQUE ! 3. !For a rea
Page 115 and 116:
copper green, St: 32, 35, 42, 43, 7
Page 117:
purging weed, St: 90 purpura, Ld: 9
show all

The Leyden and Stockholm Papyri - University of Cincinnati

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?