New Historicism and Literary Studies - Soka University Repository

"Let women tacitly go on strike , avoid men long enough to learn to defend their desire notably by
their speech, let them discover the love of other women protected from their imperious choice of
men which puts them in a position of rival goods, let them forge a social status which demands
recognition, let hem earn their living in order to leave behind their condition of prostitute—These
are certainly indispensable steps in their effort to escape their proletarization on the trade market"
(p. 468). Also see Jacques Lacan, Ecrits: A Selection, Alan Sheridan trans., (New York: W.W.
Norton and Co., 1977). Lacan writes, "The fact that femininity finds its refuge in this mask, by
virtue of the fact of the Verdrangung inherent in the phallic mark of desire, has the curios
consequence of making virile display in the human being itself seem feminine" (p 291).
21 Judith Butler , The Psychic Life of Power: Theories of Subjection, (Stanford: Stanford University
Press, 1997).
22 Ja net Todd, Feminist Literary History: A Defence, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988), p. 3.
23 Todd , Feminist Literary History, ibid., p. 13.
24 Fe rdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, (London: Peter Owen, 1960); Roland
Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text, (New York: Hall & Wang, 1975); The Elements of Semiology,
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1967); Mythologies, (London: Jonathan Cape, 1972).
25 Michael Foucault , Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, Colin Gordon ed.,
and trans., (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1980), pp. 114-5.
26 F oucault, The Archeology of Knowledge, (London: Tavistock, 1972), p. 32.
27 Foucault , The History of Sexuality, (Harmondsworth, Allen Lane: Penguin Books, 1978).
28 E . Showalter, The Female Malady, (London: Virago Press, 1987). Showalter points out that the
French psychiatrist and neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot became popular because he demonstrated
that "hysterical symptoms such has paralysis could be produced and relieved by hypnotic
suggestions."(p. 148).
29 Aesthetics , Method and Epistemology, "Madness and Society," ibid., p. 341.
3° Aesthetics , Method and Epistemology, "Madness and Society," ibid., p. 342.
31 Foucault , The Birth of the Clinic, (London: Tavistock, 1973), pp. 3-4.
32 G .W. F. Hegel, Werke, Volume 20, (Frankfurt/M, 1986), p. 329.
33 Jurgen Habermas , The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays, Max Pensky ed., and trans.,
(Cambridge: The Polity Press, 2001), p. 133.
34 Hayden White , Keynote Address, "History as Fulfillment," November 12, 1999 provides a detailed
account of changing methods in historical research and the problem of constructing and
representing the past.
35 F rederic Jameson, Marxism and Form, 1971 rpt.,(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), pp,
174-75.
36 Jameson , "Marxism and Historicism," New Literary History (Spring 1980), pp. 41-73 does a
brilliant analysis of the Marxist and new historicist approaches towards confronting the past.
37 Louis Althusser , Essays on Ideology, (London: Verso, 1984), pp. 1-60.
38 Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick , Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire, (New
York: Columbia Univ., Press, 1985); and Epistemology of the Closet, (Berkeley-Los Angeles,
1990).
39 Quentin Skinner , "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas," History and Theory, 1969,
Vol 8.
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