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MANAGEMENT OF HIV INFECTION IN CHILDREN 239 Battles HB, Wiener LS. From adolescence through young adulthood: psychosocial adjustment associated with long-term survival of HIV. J Adolesc Health. 2002 Mar;30(3):161-168. 240 Wiener LS, Battles HB, Heilman N. Public disclosure of a child’s HIV infection: impact on children and families. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2000 Sep;14(9):485-497. 241 Bikaako-Kajura W, Luyirika E, Purcell DW, et al. Disclosure of HIV status and adherence to daily drug regimens among HIV-infected children in Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2006 Jul;10(4 Suppl):S85-93. 242 Blasini I, Chantry C, Cruz C, et al. Disclosure model for pediatric patients living with HIV in Puerto Rico: design,implementation, and evaluation. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004; 25(3):181-189. 243 Oberdorfer P, Puthanakit T, Louthrenoo O, et al. Disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to HIV-infected children in Thailand. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006 May;42(5):283-8. 244 Brady MT, Clark C, Weedy C, el al. Disclosure of HIV diagnosis to children in ACTG clinical trials (ACTG 219). Int Conf AIDS. 1996 Jul 7-12; 11: 43 245 Lester P, Chesney M, Cooke M, et al. When the time comes to talk about HIV: factors associated with diagnostic disclosure and emotional distress in HIV-infected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Nov 1;31(3):309-317. 246 Committee on Pediatric Aids American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement Disclosure of Illness Status to Children and Adolescents With HIV Infection Pediatrics 1999; 103 No. 1: 164-166 (A statement of reaffirmation for this policy was published on September 1, 2005.) 247 Conway M. HIV in Schools. Good practice guide to supporting children infected or affected by HIV children-young people HIV network. National Children’s Bureau, UK 2005. 248 Rogers MF, White CR, Sanders R, et al. Lack Of Transmission Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus From Infected Children To Their Household Contacts, Pediatrics 1990; 85: 210-214. 249 Pretty IA, Anderson GS, Sweet DJ. Human bites and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1999 Sep;20(3):232-9. 250 Richman KM, Rickman LS. The potential for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through human bites. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993 Apr;6(4):402-406. 251 American Academy Of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric AIDS and Committee on Adolescence. Adolescents And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Rock Of The Pediatriccian In Prevention And Intervention. Pediatrics. 2001;107:188-190 (Reaffirmed May 2005) 252 Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant womwn in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006 Sep 22;55 (RR-14):1-17 69
Appendix 1 WHO CLINICAL STAGING OF HIV/AIDS FOR CHILDREN WITH CONFIRMED HIV INFECTION. Source : World Health Organisation, WHO Definations of HIV Surveillance and Revised Clinical Staging and Immunological Classification of HIV related disease in Adults and Children 2007 Clinical Stage 1 Asymptomatic Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy Clinical stage 2 Unexplained persistent hepatosplenomegaly Papular pruritic eruptions Fungal nail infection Angular cheilitis Lineal gingival erythema Extensive wart virus infection Extensive molluscum contagiosum Recurrent oral ulcerations Unexplained persistent parotid enlargement Herpes zoster Recurrent or chronic upper respiratory tract infections (otitis media, otorrhoea,sinusitis or tonsillitis) Clinical stage 3 Unexplained i moderate malnutrition or wasting not adequately responding to standard therapy Unexplained persistent diarrhoea (14 days or more) Unexplained persistent fever (above 37.5˚C intermittent or constant for longer than one month) Persistent oral candiasis (after first 6- 8 weeks of life) Oral hairy leukoplakia Acute necrotizing ulceration gingivitis or periodontitis Lymph node tuberclulosis Pulmonary tuberclulosis Severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia Symptomatic lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis Chronic HIV-associated lung disease including brochiectasis Unexplained anaemia (
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This Guideline is intended a guide
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MANAGEMENT OF HIV INFECTION IN CHIL
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REVIEW COMMITTEE The draft guidelin
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TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT OF HIV
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