Human rights and conflict transformation: The challenges of just peace

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Putnam, Tonya L. 2002. Human Rights and Sustainable Peace, in: Stephen John Stedman, Donald Rothchild and Elizabeth M. Cousens (eds.) Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 237-272. Sen, Amartya 1982. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation. Gloucestershire: Clarendon Press. Sriram, Chandra Lekha and Zoe Nielsen (eds.) 2004. Exploring Subregional Conflict: Opportunities for Conflict Prevention. New Delhi & Boulder, CO: Viva Books Pvt. Ltd. & Lynne Rienner Publishers. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 1993, adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna 25 June 1993. Available at www2.ohchr.org/english/law/vienna.htm. [All weblinks accessed 23 February 2010.] Alice Nderitu 65
The New Constitutionalism: An Approach to Human Rights from a Conflict Transformation Perspective Eileen F. Babbitt www.berghof-handbook.net In Michelle Parlevliet’s excellent article, Rethinking Conflict Transformation from a Human Rights Perspective, she further develops the argument from her seminal 2002 paper (Parlevliet 2002) that human rights and conflict are intimately related and can be addressed synergistically. In reading this updated and well-written version, I noted that the focus was on how human rights might inform (and improve?) conflict transformation theory and practice. However, what about the reverse? How could human rights work benefit from a more systematic inclusion of conflict transformation principles? 1 In this discussion paper, I will briefly look at how the pursuit of human rights could be enhanced by a more skillful and informed attention to the principles of conflict transformation. To do so, I will focus in on one process in which human rights is of great concern – that of negotiating a constitution in the aftermath of violent intra-state conflict. I am particularly interested in the process as it unfolded in South Africa and is playing out currently in Iraq, and I will be drawing upon data from these countries in my analysis. 1. Conflict Transformation Contributions to Human Rights Parlevliet’s primary point is that “[…] considering human rights and conflict transformation in conjunction deepen one’s analysis of what is involved in moving from violence to sustainable peace” (in this volume, 16; emphasis in original). She then goes on to elucidate, through her “iceberg” metaphor, the ways in which systemic human rights abuses are underlying causes of violence, stemming from state structures that are dysfunctional and discriminatory (18-21). In her 1 I am following Parlevliet’s terminology here, using conflict transformation as the reference point rather than conflict mitigation or settlement. I am not convinced that “conflict transformation” actually means something different from “conflict resolution”, but I will nonetheless use her term. © Berghof Conflict Research/ Berghof Forschungszentrum für konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung. Berghof Handbook Dialogue No. 9 – First launch June 2010 67
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Human Rights and Conflict Transform
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Contents Introduction Beatrix Schme
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Page 25 and 26: 26 Diagram 2 Berghof Handbook Dialo
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