POCKET GUIDE - Bright Futures - American Academy of Pediatrics

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Early Childhood 36 Bright FUTURES ■ evaluate the child’s progress in developing large motor skills. Children should be actively playing with a parent daily. By this age, many children can master running, marching, and galloping. Adults can direct children in ways to move their bodies around and through objects and in how to improve large and small muscle movements. Anticipatory Guidance discuss with Parents ■ increasing their child’s awareness of new foods by making sure the child sees family members and friends trying and enjoying them. ■ teaching their child about new foods by growing, preparing, and talking about them. ■ sharing stories, drawing pictures, and singing songs about food to help their child become familiar with them. ■ helping their child become more fit (stability, agility, endurance, and coordination). ■ turning off the television during mealtimes. ■ Limiting total entertainment media time (watching television, playing computer or video games) to no more than 1 to 2 hours of quality programming a day. ■ encouraging interactive activities (talking, playing, singing, and reading together).
■■ middle Childhood oVerView Middle childhood, ages 5 to 10, is a period characterized by slow, steady physical growth. however, cognitive, emotional, and social development occur at a rapid pace. growth and Development ■ Children in middle childhood gain an average of 7 lbs in weight and 2½ inches in height per year. ■ growth spurts, accompanied by increased appetite and food intake, are common. Conversely, appetite and food intake decrease during periods of slower growth. ■ Body composition and body shape remain relatively constant. eating ■ Children need to eat a variety of healthy foods. They need 3 meals plus 1 or 2 snacks per day. ■ Children begin to describe foods according to color, shape, and quantity and classify foods as ones they like and don’t like. ■ Children may identify foods that are healthy but may not know why they are healthy. ■ Children begin to realize that eating healthy food has a positive effect on growth and health. ■ Children’s ability to feed themselves improves, and they can help with simple food preparation and tasks related to mealtime. ■ Mealtimes take on more social significance, and outside sources (peers, the media) begin to exert more influence over children’s attitudes toward eating behaviors and food. ■ Children’s food intake is strongly associated with what their parents eat. Body image ■ Children may become overly concerned about their physical appearance. ■ girls may be especially worried about being overweight and may begin to eat less or diet. ■ girls need to be reassured that increased body fat is part of normal growth and development and probably is not permanent. ■ Boys may be concerned about their stature and muscle size and strength. ■ During middle childhood, muscle-building activities (weight lifting) do not build muscle mass and can be harmful; muscle strength can be improved with appropriate physical activities. 37 Bright FUTURES Middle Childhood
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Page 15 and 16: ■■ infanCy oVerView infancy is
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Page 35 and 36: oral health ■ Assess eating behav
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Page 45 and 46: 15 monThs Interview Questions ■ A
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Page 53 and 54: underweight ■ if BMi is below the
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Page 61 and 62: Screening and Assessment growth and
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POCKET GUIDE - Bright Futures - American Academy of Pediatrics

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