Over the beach - University of Oregon

Notes
1. The landing ship, tank (LST) was a 328-foot long ship with a bow ramp
that was capable of running up onto a beach (beaching) to discharge tanks, vehicles,
personnel, or other cargo and then pulling back off the beach (retracting).
Gordon L. Rottman, Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 1942–2002, New Vanguard 5
(Oxford, UK: Osprey Publications, 2005); Norman Friedman and A.D. Baker,
U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft; An Illustrated Design History (Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, 2002), 117–124. A descriptive list of amphibious ships and
craft in use at the time of the Korean War is at Appendix B, “Landing Ships, Craft,
and Vehicles in Use during the Korean War.” SCAJAP in June 950 consisted of
2 ex-US Navy freighters and 39 LSTs manned by Japanese but controlled by
SCAP. These ships had been used to repatriate Japanese from the continent following
the war and continued to be used for Far East Command (FEC) logistic
support and as interim transport in the Japanese islands until the war-destroyed
Japanese Merchant Marine could be reconstituted. James A. Field Jr., History of
United States Naval Operations, Korea (Washington, DC: GPO, 1962), 46, 54,
71–74.
2. Korean place names are presented in this study using the National
Academy of the Korean Language style. On frst use, the Modifed McCune-
Reischauer (Times-Herald) style generally in use at the time of the Korean War is
provided in parentheses. See Appendix A, “Korean Geographical Names,” for the
place names used in this study in both the new and old styles.
3. In Korean War era Army doctrine, a shore party was an organization
formed to provide logistical support within the beach area to landing force units
during the early phases of an amphibious operation. Its basic mission was to unload
supplies and equipment; to receive, segregate, and safeguard this materiel; provide
services and facilities ashore; maintain security of the beach area; and evacuate
casualties and prisoners of war. The Navy equivalent was the beach party: the
element of a shore party that controls the landing of craft and larger landing ships
and regulates water traffc near the beach. The beach party was controlled by the
Navy beach master. Roughly speaking, the beach party was responsible for activity
below the high tide line and the shore party for activity above the high tide line.
However, under Army doctrine, the shore party commander had overall control
of the beachhead, including the beach party, except for purely Navy matters. See
Appendix C, “Amphibious Terms, Abbreviations, and Acronyms: Army Doctrine
in Effect 1950–53.”
4. Forcible entry is the seizing and holding of a military lodgment (a designated
area in a hostile or potentially hostile territory that, when seized and held,
makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible, and provides maneuver
space for subsequent operations) in the face of armed opposition. Department
of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/
doddict/index.html (accessed 7 May 2007), hereafter, DOD Dictionary.
5. The material in this section was current as of June 2008.
7