Full Version - Issue 7 | November 2011 - LTA Academy

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Recommendations for Improving Transportation Energy Efficiency in APEC Economies Two-wheelers in Asia The predominance of two- and three-wheelers is a growing phenomenon in Asian cities. Transportation and planning policies should find ways to consider their impacts and • Improving Operational Efficiency Several recommendations focus on improving the operational efficiency of all vehicles on the road. These include implementing a vehicle lifetime or scrappage policy–being mindful of unintended impacts to the import/export market for used vehicles and parts. A dedicated study on the topic of the Import/ Export of Used Vehicles and Parts could help inform on this issue. The workshop experts also recommended that economies that import and export vehicles coordinate actions to develop and enforce standards on imported used vehicles. Other recommendations include adopting fuel-quality standards; designing driver education, training, and enforcement programmes to improve driving behaviours (which can raise a vehicle’s effective fuel efficiency by as much as 35 percent); implementing centralised inspection and maintenance programmes; and supporting the development of policies regulating twowheeler (Figure 2) operational efficiency, particularly in Asian cities. • Energy Efficiency in Freight For the freight sector, the following threepronged approach is recommended for improving the energy efficiency of freight operations: Figure 2: Two-wheelers in Asia 46 JOURNEYS | November 2011 accommodate these fleets as they continue to grow. Chinese Taipei, for example, has implemented a highly successful inspection and maintenance programme for two-wheelers. i) Improve the energy efficiency of freight vehicles by providing incentives (e.g., rebates and tax credits for the purchase of fuel-efficient freight vehicles, or subsidies for their manufacture), and investing in research and development for more fuel-efficient freight vehicles. ii) Improve freight logistics by providing incentives for higher cargo volume per trip, and for two-way shipping (i.e., ensuring that vehicles transport cargo on return trips). Both incentives and new infrastructure are also important for encouraging switching from truck freight to rail and ocean freight. iii) Provide driver education and training, e.g., by requiring freight drivers to attend courses that teach them how to improve
Freight Tax Incentives in Japan In Japan, three types of taxes are imposed on freight vehicles: (i) A one-time vehicle acquisition tax (ii) An annual vehicle tonnage tax (based on weight) a vehicle’s operational efficiency through such measures as reducing speeding, minimising gear changing, and scheduling regular inspections. As a complementary measure, economies are urged to implement programmes aimed at raising the awareness of freight companies and drivers about the link between fuel-efficient driving practices and safe operations, as well as, the fact that saving 10 percent on fuel costs can increase a freight company’s bottom line by 15-35 percent. ...economies are urged to implement programmes aimed at raising the awareness of freight companies and drivers about the link between fuelefficient driving practices and safe operations, as well as, the fact that saving 10 percent on fuel costs can increase a freight company’s bottom line by 15-35 percent. Policies to Encourage Transport System Efficiency • Reducing Road Congestion To mitigate road congestion, the workshop recommendations include implementing demand-centric measures to reduce Recommendations for Improving Transportation Energy Efficiency in APEC Economies (iii) An annual vehicle capacity tax (based on cargo capacity) To incentivise fuel efficient freight vehicles, Japan reduces the level of all three taxes for fuel-efficient vehicles. JOURNEYS | November 2011 congestion on existing roads, before implementing supply-centric measures (e.g., building more roads), since experience has shown that the addition of more roads does not alleviate congestion. Another strategy is to price parking in commercial business districts at a rate that prevents congestion due to “parking cruisers”. Studies have shown that the ideal price for parking may be one that ensures a 15 percent vacancy rate at any given time, so that vehicles looking for parking will not contribute to congestion and emissions by circling city blocks. ...Studies have shown that the ideal price for parking may be one that ensures a 15 percent vacancy rate at any given time, so that vehicles looking for parking will not contribute to congestion and emissions by circling city blocks. Congestion pricing systems can also be extremely effective, particularly when they are designed to maximise congestion reduction rather than revenue generation. Charging for congestion rather than, or in addition to, car ownership enables policy to shape marginal behaviour, 47
Page 2 and 3: JOURNEYS Publisher LTA Academy Land
Page 5 and 6: Mohinder Singh Dean LTA Academy A s
Page 7 and 8: Urban Sustainability and Transporta
Page 17 and 18: References Urban Sustainability and
Page 21 and 22: The idea that the demand for transp
Page 23 and 24: Table 2: Key Measures Adopted in th
Page 25 and 26: As resources to implement such poli
Page 27 and 28: • The development of a brand for
Page 29 and 30: 7. Targeting and Segmentation 8. Br
Page 31 and 32: Different Approaches to Public Tran
Page 33 and 34: costs, public transport, especially
Page 35 and 36: In Britain, bus services in some ar
Page 37 and 38: saw unit costs rising in subsequent
Page 39 and 40: The presence of two operators allow
Page 41 and 42: Hensher, David A and Stanley, John.
Page 43 and 44: There was broad consensus among WPP
Page 45: Often, the greatest barrier to effe
Page 49 and 50: Urban Planning in Shanghai, People
Page 51 and 52: and Transportation Working Groups c
Page 53 and 54: Barriers to a Sustainable Road Frei
Page 55 and 56: driver in the US can be as high as
Page 57 and 58: Bangkok 2020 Declaration signed by
Page 59 and 60: JOURNEYS | November 2011 Achieving
Page 61: AHMEDABAD Population: 5.6 million L
Page 65 and 66: MADRID Population: 3.1 million Land
Page 67 and 68: PRAGUE Population: 1.2 million Land
Page 70 and 71: References VIENNA Population: 1.6 m
Page 72 and 73: References Functional Area Affordab
Page 74 and 75: References Toei - Tokyo Tokyo Metro
Page 76 and 77: References Toei - Tokyo Tokyo Metro
Page 79 and 80: The LTA Academy was launched in Sep

Full Version - Issue 7 | November 2011 - LTA Academy

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?