International Experience and Best Practices - Clean Air Initiative

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank CAI Clean Air Initiative CAIP Cairo Air Improvement Project CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide EU European Union GTZ Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (German international development assistance agency) HC Hydrocarbons HSU Hartridge Smoke Units I/M Inspection and maintenance ISO International Organization of Standards NOx Nitrogen oxides O2 Oxygen OBD On-board diagnostics PM Particulate matter PUC Pollution Under Control ppm Parts per million QA Quality assurance rpm Revolutions per minute SIAM Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers US United States USAID U.S. Agency for International Development USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 100
LIST OF BOXES AND FIGURES (By Section/Chapter) Box ES-1: Major Vehicle Pollutants Box ES-2: Vehicle Emission Tests Box 2-1: Costs of Vehicle Testing in Mexico City Box 2-2: Chile’s Approach to Bidding and I/M Pricing Box 2-3: A Draft Tender for Surabaya Box 2-4: I/M Authority in Europe Box 2-5: Organizational Boxes in Almaty, Kazakhstan Figure 2-1: Information Flow in a Vehicle Information System (VIS) Box 3-1: PM Meters Under Development Box 3-2: Maryland’s Diversity in I/M Test Procedures Box 3-3: EU: I/M Standards for Automobiles Box 3-4: Heavy Duty Diesel I/M Programs in the U.S. Box 3-5: Using Cut-Point Analysis in Sri Lanka Figure 3-1 Cumulative Distribution of Smoke Density Box 4-1: Europe’s REVEAL Project on Remote Sensing Box 4-2: Swisscontact’s Clean Air Weeks in Central America Box 5-1: Swisscontact’s Capacity-Building Program in Central America Box Box B-1: Mexico City’s Phase-In of Tighter Standards for CO Box C-1: India’s New I/M Standards Box C-2: Delhi’s First “I/M Camp” 101
Page 1:
Bureau for Economic Growth, Agricul
Page 5:
FOREWORD This report was prepared b
Page 9 and 10:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Governments at al
Page 11 and 12:
practices. The answers for any coun
Page 13 and 14:
considered if standards would other
Page 15 and 16:
Test Procedures and Emission Standa
Page 17:
Managing Resources Policymakers sho
Page 20 and 21:
To control vehicle emissions, gover
Page 22 and 23:
of Interviews at the end of this re
Page 24 and 25:
handful of refineries, though fuel
Page 26 and 27:
for policymakers’ decisions as th
Page 29 and 30:
2. INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN This chapte
Page 31 and 32:
Experience in the U.S. offers some
Page 33 and 34:
idding process. 41 Only a truly com
Page 35 and 36:
Undoubtedly, there are some economi
Page 37 and 38:
In making a multiple award contract
Page 39 and 40:
2.3.7. Preliminary Conclusions and
Page 41 and 42:
• Data Management. The QA entity
Page 43 and 44:
BOX 2-4. I/M AUTHORITY IN EUROPE In
Page 45 and 46:
Continued from page 36 • Almaty E
Page 47:
This can promote public acceptance
Page 50 and 51:
Ultimately, policymakers must choos
Page 52 and 53:
The measurement of emissions from a
Page 54 and 55:
variation in exhaust pipe diameter
Page 56 and 57:
idle tests (in which emissions are
Page 58 and 59: a diesel I/M program at all. 126 In
Page 60 and 61: for CO (as a percent of emissions)
Page 62 and 63: prudent judgment on what level of s
Page 64 and 65: When cut-points are chosen to fail
Page 66 and 67: Color coding can assist in conveyin
Page 68 and 69: as so inherently difficult that he
Page 70 and 71: not compelled to have a test. The U
Page 72 and 73: Some developing countries require o
Page 74 and 75: for doing something about air pollu
Page 76 and 77: 4.2.4. Tamper-Resistant Emission Co
Page 78 and 79: The Sri Lanka study estimated a sec
Page 80 and 81: land or facilities could be conside
Page 82 and 83: With regard to the service sector,
Page 85 and 86: 6. SUMMARY OF BEST PRACTICES As not
Page 87 and 88: Managing Resources Policymakers sho
Page 89 and 90: Enforcement and Compliance Promotio
Page 91 and 92: APPENDIX A. AIR QUALITY BENEFITS Id
Page 93: I/M was first introduced in Chile i
Page 96 and 97: evenues being spread too thin, crea
Page 98 and 99: inclined to solicit bribes see an a
Page 100 and 101: A growing awareness of Delhi’s se
Page 102 and 103: In Delhi, four government employees
Page 104 and 105: 96 BOX C-2. DELHI’S FIRST “I/M
Page 106 and 107: Anecdotal evidence suggests that mo
Page 110 and 111: LIST OF PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Jon
Page 112 and 113: Gwilliam, K., M. Kojima and T. John
Page 114: U.S. EPA, Office of Transportation
show all

International Experience and Best Practices - Clean Air Initiative

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?