Awareness Training Goals - Salinas Valley Ammonia Safety Day

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Ammonia Safety Day Increase pressure, temperature or volume of the release and SAL becomes more powerful; as he grows in size he becomes more dangerous to the downwind; heat and wind give SAL the power to expand downwind; containing him is as simple as closing the door on the release, or when outside the emergency responders may throw a tarp over him, his cold temperature meets the tarp which shields the warm air and he condenses into a liquid and aerosol gas 9. What happens to the vapor as it escapes downwind? What happens when SAL’s vapor hits the buildings in the downwind? How do humidity and the landscape affect his release? How would a person escape an ammonia release? What brings him back to earth? The heated air will cause SAL to rise and escape to the upper atmosphere where temperatures are cold and pressures are low – his home in the sky where he relaxes and goes back to his natural state as nitrogen and hydrogen. When his vapor cloud hit’s a building the heat of the building repels him and he bounces around and rolls over the top (unless sucked inside by the ventilation system). Humidity – remember he is VERY thirsty and he will stop for a drink before escaping; at that point he becomes very heavy buoyant cloud that will crawl along the earth’s surface. When he goes to his home in the sky it’s only that bold of lightening and rain that brings him back to earth (very similar to how he is made industrially with the Haber/Bosch process – heat, pressure, and catalyst) Using Ammonia Systems with PPE 10. Why does SAL need a vapor space when contained in a pipe or vessel? What’s it mean when SAL “pops the cork so to speak”? What happens to the system that might allow SAL to escape? What if the cloud is covering all escape routes? Vapor space of at least 20% to allow for liquid expansion; when pressures continue to rise SAL will eventually pop the cork by releasing through a relief valve, or breaking through a system component; rust, corrosion, leaky valve, or operator error are the usual reasons why SAL escapes. 11. What’s SAL’s warning about being caught in a release? What is olfactory fatigue? How does SAL recommend that you escape? What are the key concerns about proper shelter in place tactics? Stay away from the system unless you know what you are doing and have PPE, training and you know what you are doing; follow procedures and stop SAL when he is small. Olfactory fatigue occurs to the nose sensors (little hairs) that tells you when ammonia exists; when those nose hairs are burned out they can’t smell and so you aren’t able to heed the warning and that’s when SAL is liable to “take you out” don’t be a tough guy! Escape SAL by moving around SAL, move lateral, upwind or shelter in place; close doors, windows, ventilation system, tape off windows with duct tape and plastic. 12. What should you do if SAL gets on you? What happens to the skin tissue? What is SAL’s warning about an aerosol burn? How long should you flush with water? Should you rub the burn area? Why are your eyes so vulnerable to injury by SAL? What is SAL’s recommendation? Wash SAL with water, draw him out of your tissue with 15 to 30 minutes of water; the skin tissue freezes, shrinks and becomes damaged by the caustic and freezing affect of SAL’s burn; an aerosol may freeze clothing to your skin so thaw with water before removing; don’t rub the area allow the water to draw SAL out; also be prepared for the off-gas when you begin washing ammonia from a person; that’s why it is good to get clothes that aren’t frozen off before starting water. Eyes have a very thin skin covering an eyeball full of liquid; one drop propelled into the eye can cause blindness; use goggles or better yet a full face respirator. Hazards and Risks 30 ©ASTI – www.ammonia-safety.com – August 2008
Ammonia Safety Day 13. What is SAL’s warning when large amounts of his vapor enter a confined room with no ventilation? What is needed for SAL to ignite into a powerful ball of flame? What’s this called? When vapors reach somewhere around 15% to 25% of a mixture in air (150,000 to 250,000 PPM) a source of ignition that is at least 1204 degrees F may ignite him into a powerful ball of flames called a “flash fire” or deflagration. 14. What is SAL’s warning about water? Why is he more sensitive when water is dumped on him rather than for him to jump into the water? SAL doesn’t like to be startled with water being dumped on his cool liquid (water on an ammonia vapor is not the same, the vapor will attract to the water rapidly; but an aerosol or liquid is very hard to control with water – the vapors tend to become caustic and heavy, staying close to the ground); he is settled down and asleep and suddenly the hot flash of water will make him spit with anger; he likes water and is much more easy to control when he goes to water rather than vice versa. LANCE – The super hero! 15. What does L.A.N.C.E. stand for? L = Life Safety – set the hot zone and check PPE A = Alert the response team and let those in the immediate area know that there is a problem N = Notify 9-1-1 by following your SOP C = Contain the release; close the door; when trained control the release if safe to do so E = Escape, Evacuate or Shelter In Place Injury Prevention & Health Concerns 16. What does LANCE say regarding the value of PMP (Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparation)? What type of personal protective equipment (PPE) should an operator wear when working around the ammonia system? What’s the immediate area of concern should a problem develop while working on the system? The best way to stop an emergency is to prevent it from occurring; operators should wear full skin protection, radio, ammonia monitor, gloves, respirator (or face shield or chemical safe unvented goggles); 10 to 15 feet of immediate impact from a sudden release. 17. What is the lowest level that most people can smell ammonia? What is the PEL for SAL? _______ PPM and what does that mean? What is the IDLH: ______ PPM and what does that mean? The odor of ammonia can be as low as 5 PPM as far away as a mile downwind (olfactory fatigue or damaged nose sensors would reduce the potential to smell small amounts of ammonia). The PEL is 25 PPM in California and a few other states; the PEL is the point at which everyone should evacuate except those trained and equipped to handle the emergency event; the IDLH is 300 PPM (survivable but very uncomfortable); the level of PPE must move to self contained breathing apparatus and a chemical resistant suit. Evacuation and Emergency Medical 18. What’s the biggest worry associated with approaching an ammonia cloud? Identify three choices you have when escaping an ammonia release that continues to get worse (stronger and more irritating odor)? Identify three different emergency response leaders you would attempt to contact should you be trapped inside and unable to escape an ammonia release? How would you communicate with them if ©ASTI – www.ammonia-safety.com – August 2008 31
Page 1 and 2: Ammonia Safety Day “We will not a
Page 3 and 4: Lowest Common Denominators For Safe
Page 5 and 6: Ammonia Safety Day 6. Why is SAL
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Page 9 and 10: The SIMPLE Plan Take a breath and t
Page 11 and 12: Ammonia Safety Day Electricity Ser
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Page 15 and 16: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
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Page 37: 2008 SAFETY DAY EVALUATION Ammonia

Awareness Training Goals - Salinas Valley Ammonia Safety Day

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