Mineral Commodity Summaries 2003 - Mineral Resources Program ...

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2002 U.S. NET IMPORT RELIANCE FOR SELECTED NONFUEL MINERAL MATERIALS <strong>Commodity</strong> Percent ARSENIC (trioxide) 100 ASBESTOS 100 BAUXITE and ALUMINA 100 COLUMBIUM (niobium) 100 FLUORSPAR 100 GRAPHITE (natural) 100 INDIUM 100 MANGANESE 100 MICA, sheet (natural) 100 QUARTZ CRYSTAL (industrial) 100 STRONTIUM 100 THALLIUM 100 VANADIUM 100 YTTRIUM 100 GEMSTONES 99 BISMUTH 95 PLATINUM 93 DIAMOND (natural industrial stone) 89 STONE (dimension) 88 TITANIUM MINERAL CONCENTRATES 82 POTASH 80 TANTALUM 80 TIN 79 BARITE 76 IODINE 76 COBALT 75 TUNGSTEN 70 PALLADIUM 69 CHROMIUM 63 SILVER 61 ZINC 60 RHENIUM 59 BERYLLIUM 55 MAGNESIUM METAL 54 TITANIUM (sponge) 54 RARE EARTHS 53 PEAT 50 SILICON 47 NICKEL 43 ANTIMONY 41 ALUMINUM 39 COPPER 37 MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS 35 NITROGEN (fixed), AMMONIA 29 GARNET (industrial) 28 PUMICE 28 DIAMOND (dust, grit and powder) 27 GYPSUM 25 MICA, scrap and flake (natural) 24 PERLITE 23 CEMENT 19 LEAD 18 SALT 18 SULFUR 15 IRON and STEEL 14 IRON ORE 11 TALC 8 IRON and STEEL SLAG 6 PHOSPHATE ROCK 6 Major Import Sources (1998-2001) 1 China, Chile, Mexico Canada Australia, Guinea, Jamaica, Brazil Brazil, Canada, Germany, Estonia China, South Africa, Mexico China, Mexico, Canada, Brazil China, Canada, France, Russia South Africa, Gabon, Australia, Mexico India, Belgium, Germany, China Brazil, Germany, Madagascar Mexico, Germany Belgium, Canada, France, Russia, United Kingdom South Africa, Canada, China, Czech Republic China, Japan, France, United Kingdom Israel, Belgium, India Belgium, Mexico, China, United Kingdom South Africa, United Kingdom, Germany, Russia Switzerland, Russia, United Kingdom, Ireland Italy, Canada, India, Spain South Africa, Australia, Canada, Ukraine Canada, Russia, Belarus, Germany Australia, China, Japan, Thailand Peru, China, Indonesia, Brazil, Bolivia China, India, Canada, Thailand Chile, Japan, Russia Finland, Norway, Russia, Canada China, Russia Russia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Belgium South Africa, Kazakhstan, Zimbabwe, Turkey, Russia Canada, Mexico, Peru, United Kingdom Canada, Mexico, Kazakhstan Chile, Kazakhstan, Germany, Russia Kazakhstan, Russia, Brazil, Philippines Canada, China, Russia, Israel Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan China, France, Japan, Estonia Canada Norway, South Africa, Russia, Canada Canada, Norway, Russia, Australia China, Mexico, Belgium, South Africa, Hong Kong Canada, Russia, Venezuela, Mexico Canada, Chile, Peru, Mexico China, Australia, Canada, Israel Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, Ukraine Australia, India, China Greece, Italy, Turkey Ireland, China, Ukraine Canada, Mexico, Spain Canada, India, China, Finland Greece Canada, Thailand, China, Venezuela, Greece Canada, Mexico, Australia, Peru Canada, Chile, Mexico, The Bahamas Canada, Mexico, Venezuela European Union, Canada, Japan, Mexico Canada, Brazil, Australia, Venezuela China, Canada, France, Japan Italy, Japan, Canada Morocco 1 In descending order of import share 5
6 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS, TRENDS, AND ISSUES The <strong>Mineral</strong> Sector of the U.S. Economy 1 Following the recession of 2001, restrained consumer spending, declines in domestic manufacturing and industrial output, and increased unemployment led to an expansion of only about 2% in the domestic economy during 2002. Significant production declines in the U.S. metals industry were registered by copper, lead, and zinc producers. Steel producers, despite a slight improvement in output, continued to face strong foreign competition, higher energy costs, and lower prices for their products. Homebuilding and other domestic construction sectors—major consumers of nonmetallic mineral products, such as cement, brick, glass, and stone—remained strong enough to help raise the total output of industrial mineral materials slightly above previous year levels (table 1). A strong U.S. dollar relative to other national currencies continued to weaken the competitive stance of U.S. metal and nonmetal mineral materials companies in markets at home and abroad compared with foreign producers. Overall Performance The estimated value of all mineral-based products manufactured in the United States during 2002 increased by less than 1% to $373 billion (page 4). The estimated total value of U.S. raw nonfuel minerals mine production alone was $38 billion, a slight decrease compared with that of 2001. Within the raw nonfuel minerals category, however, there was a significant difference between the metal and nonmetal components: the estimated value of metals output dropped by 7% to about $8 billion, whereas, the estimated production value of industrial minerals increased slightly to $30 billion. Net imports of raw minerals and processed mineral materials during 2002 reflected the effect of the 2001 recession, slow economic growth, and a continuing reliance on other countries for mineral products (page 5). Imports of raw and processed mineral materials fell by about 8% from previous year levels to a value of $62 billion; aluminum, copper, and steel were among the largest imports. Exports of raw and processed mineral materials during 2002 dropped by 14% to a value of $39 billion. Total imports and exports of metal ores/concentrates and raw industrial minerals were less than $5 billion. Two major sectors of the U.S. economy, motor vehicle manufacturing and the construction industry, exerted considerable influence on domestic demand for mineralbased materials in 2002. In a largely successful effort to maintain sales, domestic motor vehicle manufacturers offered low- to no-interest loans to purchasers of new vehicles. Consequently, domestic market sales of U.S.produced motor vehicles—incorporating large quantities of steel and other metals as well as significant amounts 1 Staff, U.S. Geological Survey. of glass and plastics—were maintained at previous year levels. The construction industry—accounting for most of the consumption of clay, cement, glass, sand and gravel, and stone—benefited from low mortgage rates available to purchasers of residential housing units. In addition, Federal expenditures for building highways and mass transit systems helped maintain demand for cement, sand and gravel, steel, and crushed stone in some areas (table 2). The indexes in table 2 now reflect a base year of 1997 compared with 1992, which was used previously. In 2002, 15 States produced nonfuel mineral commodities with total production values of greater than $1 billion. These States were, in descending order, California, Nevada, Texas, Florida, Arizona, Michigan, Georgia, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Utah, Minnesota, Ohio, Alaska, Wyoming, and New York; they composed 64% of the U.S. total output value (table 3). U.S. production of mineral fertilizer nutrients improved significantly from results posted in 2001, primarily in response to increased domestic and foreign demand, especially for finished phosphate fertilizers for export to China. Domestic demand for phosphate rock, sulfur, and potash was up slightly. Low ammonia prices and high inventory levels in the first part of the year led some ammonia producers to temporarily idle a significant portion of their ammonia production capacity. In fiscal year 2002, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) sold $359 million of excess mineral materials from the National Defense Stockpile (NDS). (More information can be found in the “Government Stockpile” sections in the mineral commodity reports that follow.) Under authority of The Defense Production Act of 1950, the U.S. Geological Survey advises the DLA on acquisitions and disposals of NDS mineral materials. At the end of the fiscal year, mineral materials valued at more than $1.85 billion remained in the stockpile. Outlook At yearend 2002, economists were divided about the state of the economic recovery from the recession of 2001. Expected holiday consumer spending was less than anticipated; the stock market did not improve, partly because corporate scandals had undermined investor confidence; record new home sales continued as home mortgage rates reached a 40-year low; productivity improved significantly; and the unemployment rate stayed at 6%. The speed and strength of expansion in the domestic mineral materials industry will depend to a great extent on how long consumers will maintain the pace of new motor vehicle and new home purchases that was underway in 2002. Overall, the expectation is that expansion in industrial minerals production and consumption will outpace that of the metals.
Page 1 and 2: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S
Page 3 and 4: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GAL
Page 5 and 6: 2 INSTANT INFORMATION Information a
Page 7: NET EXPORTS OF MINERAL RAW MATERIAL
Page 11 and 12: 8 TABLE 3.—VALUE OF NONFUEL MINER
Page 13 and 14: 10 in some cases, were ascribable t
Page 15 and 16: 12 situation similar to that of Jap
Page 17 and 18: 14 TABLE 6.—WORLD ZINC MINE PRODU
Page 19 and 20: MAJOR BASE AND SPECIALTY METAL PROD
Page 21 and 22: Gar Salt Peat Gyp Peat Gyp S Gyp Wo
Page 23 and 24: 20 ABRASIVES (MANUFACTURED) (Fused
Page 25 and 26: 22 ALUMINUM 1 (Data in thousand met
Page 27 and 28: 24 ANTIMONY (Data in metric tons of
Page 29 and 30: 26 ARSENIC 1 (Data in metric tons o
Page 31 and 32: 28 ASBESTOS (Data in thousand metri
Page 33 and 34: 30 BARITE (Data in thousand metric
Page 35 and 36: 32 BAUXITE AND ALUMINA 1 (Data in t
Page 37 and 38: 34 BERYLLIUM (Data in metric tons o
Page 39 and 40: 36 BISMUTH (Data in metric tons of
Page 41 and 42: 38 BORON (Data in thousand metric t
Page 43 and 44: 40 BROMINE (Data in thousand metric
Page 45 and 46: 42 CADMIUM (Data in metric tons of
Page 47 and 48: 44 CEMENT (Data in thousand metric
Page 49 and 50: 46 CESIUM 1 (Data in kilograms of c
Page 51 and 52: 48 CHROMIUM (Data in thousand metri
Page 53 and 54: 50 CLAYS (Data in thousand metric t
Page 55 and 56: 52 COBALT (Data in metric tons of c
Page 57 and 58: 54 COLUMBIUM (NIOBIUM) (Data in met
Page 59 and 60:
56 COPPER (Data in thousand metric
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58 DIAMOND (INDUSTRIAL) (Data in mi
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60 DIATOMITE (Data in thousand metr
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62 FELDSPAR (Data in thousand metri
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64 FLUORSPAR (Data in thousand metr
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66 GALLIUM (Data in kilograms of ga
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68 GARNET (INDUSTRIAL) 1 (Data in m
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70 GEMSTONES 1 (Data in million dol
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72 GERMANIUM 1 (Data in kilograms o
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74 GOLD (Data in metric tons 1 of g
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76 GRAPHITE (NATURAL) (Data in thou
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78 GYPSUM (Data in thousand metric
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80 HELIUM (Data in million cubic me
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82 INDIUM 1 (Data in metric tons, u
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84 IODINE (Data in thousand kilogra
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86 IRON ORE 1 (Data in million metr
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88 IRON AND STEEL 1 (Data in millio
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90 IRON AND STEEL SCRAP 1 (Data in
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92 IRON AND STEEL SLAG (Data in tho
Page 97 and 98:
94 KYANITE AND RELATED MINERALS (Da
Page 99 and 100:
96 LEAD (Data in thousand metric to
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98 LIME 1 (Data in thousand metric
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100 LITHIUM (Data in metric tons of
Page 105 and 106:
102 MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS 1 (Data in
Page 107 and 108:
104 MAGNESIUM METAL 1 (Data in thou
Page 109 and 110:
106 MANGANESE (Data in thousand met
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108 MERCURY 1 (Data in metric tons
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110 MICA (NATURAL), SCRAP AND FLAKE
Page 115 and 116:
112 MICA (NATURAL), SHEET 1 (Data i
Page 117 and 118:
114 MOLYBDENUM (Data in metric tons
Page 119 and 120:
116 NICKEL (Data in metric tons of
Page 121 and 122:
118 NITROGEN (FIXED)—AMMONIA (Dat
Page 123 and 124:
120 PEAT (Data in thousand metric t
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122 PERLITE (Data in thousand metri
Page 127 and 128:
124 PHOSPHATE ROCK (Data in thousan
Page 129 and 130:
126 PLATINUM-GROUP METALS (Platinum
Page 131 and 132:
128 POTASH (Data in thousand metric
Page 133 and 134:
130 PUMICE AND PUMICITE (Data in th
Page 135 and 136:
132 QUARTZ CRYSTAL (INDUSTRIAL) (Da
Page 137 and 138:
134 RARE EARTHS 1 (Data in metric t
Page 139 and 140:
136 RHENIUM (Data in kilograms of r
Page 141 and 142:
138 RUBIDIUM 1 (Data in kilograms o
Page 143 and 144:
140 SALT (Data in thousand metric t
Page 145 and 146:
142 SAND AND GRAVEL (CONSTRUCTION)
Page 147 and 148:
144 SAND AND GRAVEL (INDUSTRIAL) (D
Page 149 and 150:
146 SCANDIUM 1 (Data in kilograms o
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148 SELENIUM 1 (Data in metric tons
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150 SILICON (Data in thousand metri
Page 155 and 156:
152 SILVER (Data in metric tons 1 o
Page 157 and 158:
154 SODA ASH (Data in thousand metr
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156 SODIUM SULFATE (Data in thousan
Page 161 and 162:
158 STONE (CRUSHED) 1 (Data in mill
Page 163 and 164:
160 STONE (DIMENSION) 1 (Data in th
Page 165 and 166:
162 STRONTIUM (Data in metric tons
Page 167 and 168:
164 SULFUR (Data in thousand metric
Page 169 and 170:
166 TALC AND PYROPHYLLITE (Data in
Page 171 and 172:
168 TANTALUM (Data in metric tons o
Page 173 and 174:
170 TELLURIUM 1 (Data in metric ton
Page 175 and 176:
172 THALLIUM (Data in kilograms of
Page 177 and 178:
174 THORIUM (Data in metric tons of
Page 179 and 180:
176 TIN (Data in metric tons of tin
Page 181 and 182:
178 TITANIUM MINERAL CONCENTRATES 1
Page 183 and 184:
180 TITANIUM AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE 1
Page 185 and 186:
182 TUNGSTEN (Data in metric tons o
Page 187 and 188:
184 VANADIUM 1 (Data in metric tons
Page 189 and 190:
186 VERMICULITE (Data in thousand m
Page 191 and 192:
188 YTTRIUM 1 (Data in metric tons
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190 ZINC (Data in thousand metric t
Page 195 and 196:
192 ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM (Data in
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194 APPENDIX A Abbreviations and Un
Page 199 and 200:
196 (marginal reserves), and some o
Page 201 and 202:
198 APPENDIX D Country Specialists
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