- Page 1 and 2: Final Report Simulation and Analysi
- Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary of Report • Fou
- Page 5: magnitude. Loose soil surfaces with
- Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table Page 1. GPS lo
- Page 11 and 12: List of Figures Figure Page 12. TSI
- Page 13 and 14: List of Figures Figure Page 35. The
- Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure Page 52. The
- Page 17 and 18: List of Figures Figure Page 67. The
- Page 19 and 20: List of Figures Figure Page 81. Con
- Page 21 and 22: 1. Introduction 1.1. Background The
- Page 23 and 24: a) b) d) Figure 1. Owens Lake histo
- Page 25 and 26: 1.2. Project Objectives and Applica
- Page 27 and 28: Section 2. Experimental Techniques
- Page 29 and 30: valley surface winds; and in the su
- Page 31 and 32: a) b) Radiative Arctic/Pacific Air
- Page 33 and 34: Figure 6. The process of formation
- Page 35 and 36: soil in these locations appeared qu
- Page 37 and 38: Lone Pine “North Sheet Simulation
- Page 39 and 40: 2.3. Soil Properties Properties of
- Page 41 and 42: 2.4. Wind Tunnel Quantification of
- Page 43 and 44: 2.5. Measurement Instrumentation Th
- Page 45 and 46: concentration limit. For the DustTr
- Page 47 and 48: height of oil in a U-tube. The pres
- Page 49 and 50: a) b) Figure 12. TSI DustTrak used
- Page 51 and 52: ∆P, (Pa) 800 600 400 200 0 Pressu
- Page 53 and 54: 2.6. Measurements 2.6.1. Threshold
- Page 55 and 56: four different soils and variations
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was repeated for up to five velocit
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coarse Owens Lake sand (Soil #2 and
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The procedure of crust formation is
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a minimum temperature difference be
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Figure 16. Schematic of the believe
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Figure 18. Bagnold (1941) experimen
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a) b) Figure 20. The above figure i
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me Control Volume l, length Figure
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0.30 m Soil being Tested 5.0 m Wind
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a) b) Figure 26. Photographs of the
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Figure 28. Photograph showing the i
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0.30 m Hard Soil Crust Wind Directi
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Section 3. Results Summary • Soil
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extract. The arsenic soil concentra
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that crust development is most like
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3.2. Threshold Studies The threshol
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Voltage (V) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 Nort
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Voltage (V) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 UCD Fe
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tube. The corresponding plots of th
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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u * (m/s) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 N
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u * (m/s) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 U
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3.4. PM10 Loose Soil Emission Rates
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source of emissions and dust storms
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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Table 5. Emission Rates for enhance
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z (m) South Saltation Simulation, u
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PM 10 Emission Rate (µg/m 2 s) Sou
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 North Sand (
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North Sand Sheet (Soil #2 over Soil
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Q, Sand Flux (kg/m*s) 0.35 0.30 0.2
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Q, Sand Flux (kg/m*s) 0.08 0.06 0.0
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3.7. Fetch Studies In studying the
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similar amounts of PM 10; however,
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 UCD Fence So
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Emission Rate (mg/m*s) 15 10 Dirty
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Emission Rate (mg/m*s) 8 6 4 2 0 No
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Emission Rate (mg/m*s) North Sand S
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3.8. Moisture Content Studies The m
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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Emission Rate (g/m 2 s) PM 10 Emiss
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%(PM 2.5 /PM 10 ) 40 30 20 10 Pipe
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3.10. Crust Studies Experimentally,
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sand abrasion, broken apart by expa
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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Emission Rate (mg/m 2 s) 4 3 2 1 0
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Figure 84. The hard crust was broke
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PM 10 Concentration (mg/m 3 ) 0.8 0
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• The major results are re-summar
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enhancing the emissions. Moisture c
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developed allow comparisons of the
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Gillette, D.A., and Passi, R., 1988
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White, B.R., 1979. Soil Transport b
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Appendix A: Loose Soil Emissions Co
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 Old Pipe Line
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 Old Pipe Line
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 North Sand (So
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 North Sand (So
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 North Sand (So
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Dirty Socks Dune Sand (Soil #3), ur
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Dirty Socks Dune Sand (Soil #3), ur
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 UCD Fence Soil
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 UCD Fence Soil
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 UCD Fence Soil
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Appendix B: Enhanced Saltation Emis
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 North Saltatio
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z (m) North Saltation Simulation, u
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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South Sand Saltation Simulation, ur
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z (m) South Saltation Simulation, u
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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Appendix C: Fetch Study Concentrati
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z (m) Dirty Socks Sand Fetch Study,
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Dirty Socks Sand Fetch Study, uref
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil Fetch Study, u
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil Fetch Study, u
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil Fetch Study, u
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil Fetch Study, u
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z (m) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 Old Pipe Line
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 Old Pipe Line
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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Appendix E: PM2.5 Study Concentrati
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 Old Pipe Line
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 Old Pipe Line
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z (m) 1.00 0.10 0.01 UCD Fence Soil
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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z (m) UCD Fence Soil (Soil #4), ure
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Appendix F: Wallace Laboratories Ch
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234
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236
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Appendix H: Individual Soil Gradati
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%Passing 100 80 60 40 20 0 North Sa
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%Passing 100 80 60 40 20 0 UCD Fenc