BarbarousMexico JOHN KENNETH TURNER

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BARBAROUS MEXICO
campaign was not a mere blundering on the part of individual
U. S. Attorneys, but that it was a policy of the
highest officials of the government was shown, in 1908,
when numerous published reports from various departments
at Washington and from Oyster Bay expressed
the desire of the administration to deport Mexican political
refugees "as common criminals."
Failing in its efforts to deport Mexican refugees wholesale
"as common criminals," our Department of Justice
concentrated its energies to secure their imprisonment for
violation of the neutrality laws or conspiracy to violate
the neutrality laws. It is a high misdemeanor to set on
foot a military expedition against a "friendly power," or
to conspire to set on foot a military expedition against a
"friendly power." In addition to Magon, Villarreal,
Rivera and Sarabia, some of the Liberal refugees who
have been prosecuted under this law are Tomas de Espinosa,
Jose M. Rangel, Gasimiro H. Regalado, Lauro
Aguirre, Raymundo Cano, Antonio Aruajo, Amado Hernandez,
Tomas Morales, Encardacion Diaz Guerra, Juan
Castro, Priciliano Silva, Jose Maria Martinez, Benjamin
Silva, Leocadio Trevino, Jose Ruiz, Benito Soils, Tomas
Sarabia, Praxedis Guerrero, Sirvando T. Agis, John
Murray. Calixto Guerra, Guillermo Adan, E. Davilla,
Ramon Torres Deigrado, Amendo Morantes, Francisco
Sainz, Marcelleno Ibarra and Inez Ruiz.
Most of the arrests occurred at San Antonio, Del Rio.
El Paso, Douglass. or Los Angeles. This is by no means
a complete list. but is a list of the most notable cases.
In nearly all of these eases the accused were kept in
jail for month after month without an opportunity of
proving their innocence. When the cases came to trial.
they were usually acquitted. Convictions were secured in